Chapter Section Outline II Greek Philosophy and History A
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Chapter 5 Section 2 Outline
II. Greek Philosophy and History
A. Greek Philosophers
• ____________ – “love of wisdom”
• Greek philosophy led to the study of ___________, political science, science, and ___________.
• ____________ – Greek thinkers who believed the human mind could understand everything
• __________– taught that the universe followed the same laws that governed music and numbers.
o Believed that all relationships in the world could be expressed in ____________.
o ____________ ____________ -- a way to determine the length of the sides of triangle
1. Who Were the Sophists?
a. Sophists – professional ____________ in ancient Greece.
i. Made a living by traveling from city to city ____________ others
ii. Believed students should use their time to ____________ themselves
iii. Taught students how to win an ____________ and make political ____________
iv. Did not believe ____________ and ____________ influenced people
v. Rejected idea of ____________ and ____________
vi. Right for one person might be wrong for another.
2. The Ideas of Socrates
a. A critic of the ____________
b. He was an ____________ sculptor whose true love was philosophy.
c. We learn about him from the writings of his ____________.
d. Believed in ____________ truth and that all real knowledge was within each person.
e. ____________ ____________ – asking pointed questions to force pupils to use their
reason and see things for themselves.
f. Athenian leaders considered the Socratic method a ____________ to their power after
the ____________ War.
i. Tradition of questioning leaders and speaking freely was over.
ii. No longer trusted open ____________.
iii. Leaders accused Socrates of teaching young Athenians to rebel
1. A leader found Socrates guilty and sentenced him to ____________.
2. Socrates could have fled the city, but argued that he had lived under the
city’s laws and he would obey them.
3. He drank poison to carry out the ____________ decision.
3. The Ideas of Plato
a. ____________ of Socrates.
b. We were able to learn about Plato because his writing did survive.
i. ____________ – explains Plato’s ideas about government.
1. He did not believe ____________ was a good system of government.
2. Did not think rule by the people produced fair or sensible __________.
3. He believed people belonged in 3 groups.
a. Top group – ____________– ruled by using logic and wisdom.
b. Second group – ___________– defended the state from attack.
c. Third Group – Rest of the people – driven by ____________ --
Produced the food, clothing and shelter
4. He believed men and ____________ should have the same
opportunities for jobs and education.
4. Who Was Aristotle?
a. Plato established the ____________ in Athens.
b. Plato’s best student was ____________.
i. Aristotle wrote more than __________books (government, planets, stars, etc.)
ii. Opened his own school in 335 B.C. called ____________.
1. Taught “____________ ___________” – do nothing in excess.
2. Urged people to use their ____________ to make observations.
3. First to group observations according to their similarities and differences.
4. Made generalizations based on groups of facts
iii. Wrote about government – compared ______different governments for the best
form.
1. Aristotle divided governments into three types in his book Politics.
a. Rule by one person -- Monarch or ____________
b. Rule by a few people – ____________ or Aristocracy
c. Rule by many people – ____________
2. Aristotle’s conclusions
a. Rule by few meant ruled by the ____________.
b. Democracies were run by the ____________.
3. Aristotle decided the best government would be a ____________ of the two.
a. Europeans and Americans were shaped by ____________ ideas.
b. Founders of the U.S. ____________ tried to create a balance.
B. Greek Historians
• Most places in Ancient Greece did not write ____________
• Legends and myths explained the past.
• Herodotus wrote the history of the Persian Wars in 435 B.C.
He tried to separate fact from ____________.
Researched, checked sources, asked questions and tried to be as accurate as possible.
Known as the “____________ ____________ ____________”
• Thucydides is considered the greatest historian of the ancient world
He fought in the ____________ War and was exiled after losing a battle.
He wrote ____________ ____________ ____________ while in exile.
Stressed importance of having ____________ facts.
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