Health Health Determinants and Health Promotion

Health Health Determinants and Health Promotion Diane B. Wilson EdD, RD Mary S. McLellan MS,RD Medical University of South Carolina SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Developed as part of an Enhanced AHEC Community Partnership for Health Professions Workforce and Educational Reform project funded by the Health Resource and Service Administration (HRSA) SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC OBJECTIVES Health promotion, disease prevention, wellness  Disease prevention as part of health care  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC What is Health? SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Health is a state of complete Physical, Mental, and Social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. WHO, 1947 The Metaphysical Context of the Universe Physical Mental Social The Secular Dimensions of Health SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Two Major Aspects of Health  Feeling Well Ability to Function  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Determinants of Health  the complex inter-relationships of      genetics social environment physical environment behavior health/illness services  that determine the level of health and sense of well-being in an individual SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Genetics Body Size  Special Abilities  Disease Resistance  Disease Susceptibility  Genetic Diseases  General Robustness  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Physical Environment  Macro-environment   Food and Water Air Pollution Home Workplace  Micro-environment   SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Social Environment Religion  Race/Gender  Socioeconomic Status  Education  Occupation  Family Composition  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Socioeconomic Status, Income and Health  Socioeconomic Status   As GDP increases, the health of a nation increases In times of economic hardship, the incidence of disease increases SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Health Care Quality  Availability  “Health has improved NOT because of steps taken while we are ill, but because we are ill less often.”  Thomas McKeown, 1978 SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Health Promotion  An intervention that seeks to eliminate or reduce exposures to harmful factors by modifying human behaviors; or any combination of health education and related organizational, political and economic interventions designed to facilitate behavioral and environmental adaptations that will improve or protect health Concerned specifically with sociobehavorial processes. SOUTH CAROLINA  AHEC Targets of Health Promotion Individuals at risk of a health problem  Those who influence individuals at risk  Those who set policy     Foster the adoption of healthful changes in the environment Improve health services Encourage healthful personal behavior change SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Health Promotion Objectives  Individual    Community     Knowledge Attitudes Behaviors Physiology     Organization    Policies Practices Programs Facilities Resources   Policies Practices Programs Facilities Resources  Government     Policies/Programs Facilities/Resources Legislation/Ordinances Regulation/Enforcement SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Examples of HEALTHY PEOPLE 2000 Priority Areas  Health Promotion    Physical Activity and Nutrition Tobacco Alcohol Consumption Heart Disease and Stroke Cancer Health Screenings SOUTH CAROLINA  Preventive Services    AHEC Healthy People 2010  2 Broad Goals   Increase quality and years of healthy life Eliminate health disparities Promote healthy behaviors Promote healthy and safe communities Improve systems for personal and public health Prevent and reduce diseases and disorders SOUTH CAROLINA  4 Primary Objectives     AHEC Disease Prevention  any intervention that seeks to reduce or eliminate diagnosable conditions; it may be applied at the individual level, as in immunization, or the community level, as in chlorination of the water supply SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Primary Prevention  Measures taken to prevent the disease from occurring such as:   healthy lifestyle habits Immunizations SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Secondary Prevention  Measures undertaken to facilitate early detection   Screenings Diagnostic tests SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Tertiary Prevention  Measures to minimize complications or exacerbation of injury or disease.   Rehabilitation Therapy Patient counseling SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Discussion Time Identify all three levels of prevention as they apply to a health problem or threat to health such as injury or vaccine preventable disease  Be sure to include consideration of all of the determinants of health!  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC Summary There are various definitions of “health”  A number of factors determine our health, including genetics, physical factors, social factors, healthcare and lifestyle factors.  Health promotion and disease prevention are related to identifying strategies to prevent disease and injury.  SOUTH CAROLINA AHEC