Epidemiology of amebiasis
Dr. Nicolas Padilla
Professor of Pediatrics and Researcher Nursing and Obstetrics School of Celaya University of Guanajuato
Introduction
• Amebiasis is a worlding disease. • Principal frequency in countries with a deficiency in sanitary conditions. • It is more frequent in tropical countries. • Poorest areas.
Frequency
Region Africa Asia Europe America Totals Infection 85 millions Diasease 10 millions Deaths 10-30 thousands 25-50 thousands Minimum 10-30 thousands 40-110 thousands
300 millions 20-30 millions 20 millions 100 thousands 95 millions 10 millions 650 millions 45-50 millions
Frequency
• • • • 10-20% of the world population. Colombia and Brazil 40%. Arabia 30%. Mexico 27%.
Mortality in Mexico
• 1980 23% • 1998 < 1%
Entamoeba histolytica
• It was described more than 100 years ago. • It has two forms: infectant (cyst) or vegetative (trophozoite).
Transmission
• • • • Faeces- mounth Contaminated water Contaminated meals Street vendors of meals
Factors for the development of amebiasis For the ameba
• Phatogenicity of ameba, its virulence. • Amebas pathogenic and non-pathogenic
Factors for the development of amebiasis For the host
• • • • Nutritional status Age Sex Immunologic condition
Factors for the development of amebiasis For the environment
• Management of water • Management of waste • Habits nutritionals and hygienics
Chemoprophylaxis
• It is the method for to make prevention by chemical substance. • It is used in Mexico, with albendazole, to control the diseases by plathelmyntes and nemathelmyntes.
Chemoprophylaxis
• Quinfamide
Studies on chemoprophylaxis
• In Mexico, administration of quinfamide each 3 months during one year, in children, had 12.5% of frequency of amebiasis.
Conclusions
• The chemoprophylaxis scheme is a line of control of amebiasis, but also, we should increase the personel hygienic habits, to avoid eat in the streets and, to avoid the fecalism.