ANNEX C
STANDARD APPLICATION FORM
The applicant
Full legal name (business/organizational name) Acronym (where applicable) Legal status Official street address COAST DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY, MOMBASA CDA KENYA GOVERNMENT PARASTAL PAMBAZUKO FOREST, OFF MAMA NGINA DRIVE P.O. BOX 1322 Postal code City Country Contact person (incl. position) Telephone no. Fax no. E-mail address 80100 MOMBASA KENYA PROF. J.A. LUGOGO 254 41-2224406 254 41-2224411 cda@africaonline.co.ke
Partners
State the name and role of each partner/collaborator in the proposed project Name of partner SHIMO LA TEWA PRISON, MOMBASA Role and position of partner in the project KEY PARTNER AND STAKEHOLDER AND WILL EVENTUALLY ASSUME OPERATIONS AND MANAGEMENT AND ENSURE SUSTAINABILITY OF THE FACILITY DESIGNING AND SUPERVISION OF CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATIONS OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITY ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND PROTECTION; MONITORING SEAWATER AND WASTEWATER QUALITY BEFORE AND AFTER COMMISSIONING OF TREATMENT FACILITIES
MUNICIPAL COUNCIL OF MOMBASA
KENYA MARINE AND FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE, MOMBASA
UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
NATIONAL FOCAL POINT AND GENERAL COORDINATION OF INITIATIVES AT MARINE PROTECTION AND MANAGEMENT
The project
Title of the project
A WETLAND-LAGOON SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT SHIMO LA TEWA PRISON, MOMBASA, KENYA
30 MONTHS MOMBASA MUNICIPALITY, COAST PROVINCE, KENYA Municipal wastewater Solid waste Agriculture Tourism Mining Aquaculture Ports and harbour development SMALL SCALE
Estimated duration of the project Location (state targeted town/region/country) Theme
Category (small-medium scale or large-scale)1
Financing
Itemized total budget (in US Dollars) Number of units (man-days) 18,500 Amount USD 205,000 USD 118,000
Personnel salaries/labour fees Supplies and materials Other (please specify) Total:
USD 323,000
1
Please refer to article 2.3 and 5.3 of the general guidelines for a description of these categories.
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
Financing plan (in US Dollars) Amount requested from project Cash-contribution from applicant & partners Estimated in-kind contribution from applicant & partners Third-party contribution (e.g. other donors) Total:
USD 243,500 nil USD 79,500 nil USD 323,000
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT DEMOSTRATION PROJECT PROPOSAL A WETLAND-LAGOON SYSTEM FOR WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT AT SHIMO LA TEWA PRISON, MOMBASA, KENYA
Summary Shimo la Tewa prison the largest penitentiary along the coastal area of Kenya is situated on the banks of Mtwapa mangrove fringed creek in Mombasa. The main prison compound houses 2,500 inmates and about 1,500 staff members with their relatives. This community generates approximately 400 m3 of wastewater daily with a pollution load of 220 kg/d BOD most of which is discharged into the creek untreated. Sewage from toilets is channelled into a septic tank and the supernatant pumped into a lagoon that has been rendered mostly ineffective due to poor maintenance. A coupled wetland-lagoon system for treatment of both grey water and sewage is proposed. The proposed natural system is easy to manage and maintain and sustainability is assured by training the available manpower at the institution with supervision from the Municipal Council of Mombasa. The treated wastewater can be recycled for use in agriculture and aquaculture, thereby minimising volumes discharged into the creek.
1. Objectives of the Project The overall goal of the proposed project is to control pollution of Mtwapa creek, a productive mangrove creek, due to the discharge of untreated domestic sewage by designing and constructing a sustainable sewage treatment facility for the Shimo la Tewa prison. The aim is to treat both grey water and sewage emanating from the prison premises by use of natural systems with minimum energy use, such as, minimising the utilisation of pumps and mortars. The specific objectives of the project are as follows, Design and construct a coupled wetland-lagoon sewage treatment facility for the Shimo la Tewa prison Promote education and awareness to the Prison’s inmates and staff on environmental issues including good sanitation practices. Enhance the capacity of the prison to manage the treatment facility Improve water, sanitation and environmental health around the prison premises Promote recycling of treated wastewater from the treatment facility.
2. Project justification and rationale 4
UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
2.1 Root Causes of problems targeted by the project Mtwapa creek supports a diversity of habitats such as mangrove swamp flats, thickets/shrubs, coral reefs and seagrass beds. The creek has been accredited significant global status as it is ecologically, socially, culturally and economically important to both indigenous and migrant resident population. It provides spawning ground for fish, molluscs and crustaceans, particularly the economically important sardines and rock cod (tewa). Nature Kenya and Bird Life International recognize the area as one of the Important Bird Areas along the coast. In addition, it provides habitat and refuge to both sedentary and migratory birds from Asia and Europe that congregate at the creek during winter. The creek is of special importance to local communities because it supports the artisanal fishery, and provides mangrove for fuelwood and construction. Significant tourist activities are evident in the creek which include water sports (e.g. water skiing and boating). A marina and at least one sport fishing club are based in the Mtwapa creek. However the sustainability of the creek ecosystem and ability to provide ecological and socio-economic services is under threat from pollution and land-based activities that are a prime cause of habitat degradation. Land use changes around the creek, particularly, the rapid urbanization occurring in Shanzu area in the neighbourhood of the prison and Mtwapa urban centre along the northern banks of the creek have resulted in the release of untreated wastewater and sewage into the sea. Monitoring data has indicated the presence of hotspots of pollution along the Mtwapa creek attributed to such large institutions as the Shimo la Tewa prison (Mwangi et al. 1998, 2001). In addition recent studies have revealed that on-site waste management practices dominated by pit latrines, soak pits and garbage dumps are a source of groundwater pollution which may eventually contaminate the marine environment through seepage (Munga et al. 2005, Kitheka 1996). It is recognized that pollution of groundwater is of direct public health concern because the community to a great extent depends on the resource to meet their freshwater needs. The aim of the proposed project is to address marine pollution and habitat degradation by controlling an identified point source of pollution to the marine environment. The project will serve as a model of a low cost solution, with a high degree of sustainability, to wastewater management in large institutions and the rapidly growing Shanzu and Mtwapa urban centres. 2.2 Policies and development plans The proposed project addresses the problem of municipal wastewater management in Mombasa which had been identified as a pollution hotspot during the African Process (Kazungu at al, 2001). The initiative contributes towards protection of the marine environment due to land based sources and activities. The project is in line with current
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
government policy and ongoing initiatives to reform Kenyan prisons. Thus the project has been accepted by the prison management and are willing to participate fully in its implementation, assume ownership and ensure sustainability.
3. Methodology 3.1 Approaches and methodologies Project implementation will be in terms of specific tasks or activities as follows Task 1: A preparatory phase that will consist of collecting data on water usage and wastewater generation including estimation of pollution loads to be used for designing the project. This will involve the setting up of meters for boreholes to monitor groundwater abstraction rates. Task 2: Developing the design of the wastewater treatment facility. This is the project design development phase and will involve identification of a suitable vegetation species and site for the wastewater treatment facility and preparation of drawings. This activity will include a re-designing of the existing sewer reticulation system and submission of the designs to the local authority for reviewing and approval. In accordance with the local authority by-laws the project has to be approved by the Municipal Council before construction can be undertaken. Task 3: The construction phase of the wastewater treatment facility. This will consist of the process of contracting out the construction work, supervision and commissioning of the facility. The construction work and subsequent pre-commissioning testing of the efficacy and integrity of the facility will be closely supervised by the Municipal Council. The monitoring of physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater through the treatment process and the effluent receiving waters in the creek will be carried out by the Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute. Task 4: Monitoring of wastewater and seawater quality. The quality of the wastewater and seawater in the Shimo la Tewa creek will be tested for selected physico-chemical and microbiological parameters before construction of the treatment facility is completed, and after completion and commissioning of the facility. Task 5: Education and awareness creation for the prison personnel and inmates. This will be accomplished through organized seminars with the aim of sensitizing the prison community on the importance of good sanitation practices and marine pollution control and management for the protection of groundwater and marine resources. Task 6: Enhancing the capacity of the prison staff and inmates. The prison staff and inmates will be involved during the construction, operation and maintenance phase of the
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
proposed system. Periodic training will be conducted for the prison fraternity to enable them manage the system. Task 7: Improving water, sanitation and environmental health in the prison compound. This will entail the use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in improving hygiene conditions in the prison. Use of EM brings about enhanced breakdown of organic matter hence reducing the frequency of blockages in the reticulation system. Effective microorganisms are natural occurring useful organisms that are involved in the breakdown of organic matter such as yeast, photosynthetic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. EM has found useful applications in agriculture, animal husbandry, aquaculture and environmental management. Introduction of EM into the sewer system reduces strong smells and hence promotes an aesthetically pleasant and healthier environment. Being a natural product EM is safe for use in the kitchen and bathroom. The product is cost effective and easily available from agents and some commercial outlets locally. Task 8: Promote recycling and reuse of treated wastewater. The prison has normally used part of the untreated wastewater for a banana plot before discharge into the sea. The quality and safety of the food products from the plot cannot be guaranteed. It is however envisaged that with the installation of an efficient wastewater treatment facility better quality water will be made available for recycling, which will reduce the volumes of wastewater discharged into the sea. It is thus proposed that the project provides for a reticulation system to convey the treated wastewater to the prison farmland. 3.2 Lessons learnt from similar projects Natural systems are relatively less costly to run and maintain than conventional activated sludge processes, because the former requires less energy, in particular electricity. The natural systems are efficient enough if properly maintained and far more sustainable for such a Government institution as the Prisons Department with little or no extra funding. It is appreciated that the Prison has abundant human resource to run and manage the system sustainably. A training component in the proposed project will ensure proper management of the system.
3.3 Risks and assumptions
There are risks that trained manpower, composed of prison personnel or in-mates, may be transferred to other stations elsewhere in the country thereby jeopardising smooth management of the treatment facility. the process of awarding the tender for the construction of the treatment facility can be subjected to delays as a result of objections raised by the different stakeholders or interested parties.
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
The assumptions associated with successful implementation and sustainability of the project are that there will be no water supply interruptions the Prison will make their contribution in kind or otherwise in the implementation as well as during the operational phase of the project.
4. Outline of project workplan 4.1 An outline of the tasks and activities pertaining to their accomplishment are presented below Task 1: Collecting data for water usage and wastewater generation Computing average water usage by use of monthly water bills Boreholes to be fixed with meters since they are used as additional water source at the Prisons Based on consumption habits through social surveys on the Prison inmates and staff, a factored estimate on the grey and waste water generated should be calculated Output Data to be used for close estimate volumes of wastewater generated and pollution loads. The information will be used in designing the treatment facility.
Task 2: Developing the design of the wastewater treatment facility Identify the appropriate vegetation species to be used in the wetland system Identify appropriate site for both the wetland and the lagoons Preparation of the design calculations and drawings based on the pollution loads and projected expansion of the institution and its environs Redesign the current sewer reticulation system to fit to the proposed new sewerage system Submission of the drawings to the Municipal Authorities for reviewing prior to approval and onset of works. Output Site plan consisting of design drawings submitted and approved by the Municipal Council of Mombasa.
Task 3: The construction phase of the wastewater treatment facility Advertise for tendering of the works through the local media/ newspapers Award tender for construction to the most suitable bidder
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
The works to be supervised by the Municipal Engineer’s representative who would also prepare certificates of works at various stages as stipulated in the workplan Commissioning Phase - testing efficacy of the facility with a monitoring and evaluation component. Defect liability period would be two years as stipulated in the contract agreement assuming the design is correct.
Output Selection of a contractor to construct the treatment facility, and the treatment facility successfully tested ready for commissioning.
Task 4: Monitoring of wastewater and seawater quality Monitor wastewater and seawater quality prior to constructing and after commissioning of the treatment facility Monitor wastewater and seawater quality after commissioning of the treatment facility to determine the impact of the project. Output Water quality monitoring data.
Task 5: Education and Awareness Creation Organize seminars for the personnel and inmates on the importance of good sanitation practices and marine pollution control and management Output 2 successful seminars held.
Task 6: Enhancing the capacity of the Prison staff and inmates Involving the staff and inmates during the construction phase as well as during the operation and maintenance phase of the proposed system. Periodic training to be conducted for staff and inmates to enable them manage the system sustainably. Output Competent manpower in place. The completed facility to be handed over to the prison to manage.
Task 7: Improving water, sanitation and environmental health Introducing the use of Effective Microorganisms (EM) in improving hygiene conditions in the prison. Use of EM brings about enhanced breakdown of organic matter hence reducing the frequency of blockages. 9
UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
Output Routine usage of EM in the prison and improved environmental conditions.
Task 8: Promote recycling and reuse of treated wastewater Provide for reticulation of treated wastewater to farmland within the Prison. Output Reticulation system for recycling treated wastewater in place.
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
Table 1: Outline of Project Workplan
Activities 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Task 1: Collecting of data for water usage and wastewater generation Task 2: Developing the design of the wastewater treatment facility Task 3: Construction of wastewater treatment facility Task 4: Monitoring of wastewater and seawater quality Task 5: Education and Awareness Creation Task 6: Enhancing the capacity of the Prison staff and inmates 7. Improving Water, Sanitation and Environmental Health Task 8: Promote recycling and reuse of treated waste water Monitoring and Evaluation Reports Months 1 2 3 Year 1 6 7 Year 2 6 7 8 Year 3 3 4 5
4
5
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
9
10
11
12
1
2
6
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
5. Implementation modalities 5.1. Project Management Structure The Coast Development Authority is the main proponent of the project in close consultation with the Shimo la Tewa prison, Mombasa Municipal Council and KMFRI. The CDA through the Integrated Coastal Management programme (ICM) will assume the overall coordination and implementation of the project. The responsibilities of the various partners are presented below. Institution Coast Development Authority Shimo la Tewa Prison Responsibility / Role Main proponent and coordination, ensuring timely preparation and presentation of reports Co-proponent, key member of the project implementation team and ensures sustainability of the project after commissioning Designing the wastewater treatment facility, supervising the construction work and commissioning Environmental monitoring and protection, monitoring wastewater and seawater quality before and after commissioning of treatment facility. National Focal Point for the WIO-LaB project and link between Government and the implementation team.
Municipal Council of Mombasa Kenya Marine and Fisheries Research Institute National Environmental Management Authority
5.2 Measures to ensure stakeholder participation The ICM programme is a multi-institutional activity, with the membership drawn from Government institutions, NGOs, CBOs and the private sector. The key members of the implementation team subscribe to ICM activities. Thus by implementing the proposed project under the auspices of the ICM programme the various members with interests in the coastal and marine areas will be involved. 5.3 Strategy for ensuring long-term sustainability The Shimo la Tewa prison management, being a key stakeholder was consulted during the preparation of the project concept and will be closely involved during the various phases of project implementation. The prison will provide the necessary labour in the implementation of the project. The prison personnel and inmates will be given appropriate training to be able to manage the treatment facility after commissioning. Education and awareness creation targeting the prison personnel and inmates will ensure successful implementation and sustainability of the project. The Municipal Council of Mombasa routinely inspects and advises on sanitation and thus ensures that proper management of facilities is maintained. 12
UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
5.4 Measures to ensure regional-wide sharing of experiences It is envisaged that project reports and scientific papers will be circulated in the region through the activities of the WIO-LaB project, during meetings and existing institutional linkages.
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
Task Objective 1 Collect data for water usage and wastewater generation 2 Develop the design of the wastewater treatment facility Questions for evaluation Are estimated volumes of freshwater use acceptable? Are estimated volumes of wastewater acceptable? Has a suitable vegetation species for the wetland been identified? Has a suitable site for the wastewater treatment facility been identified and secured? Has the design for the wastewater treatment facility been completed? Has the re-designing of the sewer reticulation system been completed? Has the Municipal Council of Mombasa approved wastewater treatment facility design? Has a competent civil engineering contractor been identified? Has the construction work been completed? Has the wastewater treatment facility been commissioned? Has baseline data on wastewater and sweater quality been collected? Has water quality monitoring data after commissioning the facility been collected? Who to be involved CDA & MCM When Months 1 2 How Flow measurements
Field surveys. CDA & MCM Month 3
MCM & CDA
Month 4
Engineering design and drawings
MCM & CDA
Month 4 Submission of design and drawings to MCM
3
Construction of the wastewater treatment facility
CDA & MCM MCM & CDA MCM & CDA
Month 4
Tender advertisement through the local media Supervision by MCM
Month 23 Month 24 Months 6, 12, 18 & 24
4
Monitor wastewater and seawater quality
KMFRI
Field sampling and laboratory analysis
Month 30
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
5 6 7
Impart community education and awareness Enhance the capacity of prison staff and inmates Improve water, sanitation and environmental health Promote recycling and reuse of treated wastewater
8
How many successful seminars have been held? How many training sessions have been held? Has the use of EM improved sanitation and environmental conditions? Has treated wastewater been reused beneficially?
KMFRI MCM KMFRI
Months 7 & 19 Months 7 24 Months 5 24 Months 24 30
Seminar/workshop on environmental protection On-the-job training and seminars Application of EM
Prison Administration & CDA
Assess socio-economic impact of reuse of treated wastewater
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UNEP-GEF WIO-LaB Project
Addressing Land Based Activities in the Western Indian Ocean
References: Kazungu, J.M., Munga, D., Mwaguni, S.M. and Ochiewo, J. 2001. Kenya National Report. Phase I: Integrated problem analysis. GEF MSP Sub-Saharan Africa Project (GF/6010-0016). 70p (with annexes). Kitheka, J.U. 1996. Groundwater outflow dynamics and circulation at Diani and Nyali mesitidal beaches in Kenya. In: Anthropogenically induced changes in groundwater outflow and quality, and the functioning of Eastern African nearshore ecosystems. GROFLO Final Report Part 2. pp. 5 – 30. Munga D., Mwangi S., On’ganda H., Kitheka, J.U., Mwaguni S.M., Barongo J., Massa H., Mdoe F. and Opello G. 2005. Assessment of pollution status and vulnerability of water supply aquifers in Mombasa, Kenya. Technical Report (in prep). Mwangi S., Kirugara D., Osore M., Njoya J., Yobe A. and Dzeha T. 1998. Status of marine pollution in Mombasa Marine Park, Marine National Reserve and Mtwapa Creek, Kenya. Technical Report, 87pp. Mwangi S., Kirugara D., Osore M., Njoya J., Yobe A. and Dzeha T. 1998. Status of marine pollution in Mombasa Marine Park, Marine National Reserve and Mtwapa Creek, Kenya. Summary Technical Report, 11pp.