Chapter 16 Respiration Pulmonary Ventilation and Fill in Exercise

							Chapter 16 Respiration: Pulmonary Ventilation and Fill in Exercise in Class

                           Name ______________________________
1. The main function of respiration is

2. List the four processes of external respiration

      1) ______________________________

      2) ______________________________

      3) _______________________________

      4) _______________________________


7 Define pulmonary ventilation.




8 Airways from the nasal cavity through the terminal bronchioles are called the

  __________________ zone. The function of this zone is to _____________, _____________

  and ______________ the air. Is there gas exchange in this zone? ______

9 The respiratory zone contains ______________ where gas is exchanged by diffusion. This zone

    consists of the ______________ bronchioles, ___________ ducts and _____________ sacs.

10 Name the three types of cells in the alveolus:


        1) ______________; simple squamous epithelium


        2) ______________; removes debris and microbes


        3) ______________; secretes surfactant. Surfactant (decreases or increases) surface

            tension which prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

11 The thin respiratory membrane consists of the _____________________ epithelium and the

    _____________ membrane of both the alveolus and the capillary.




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12 Ventilation or breathing is driven by _____________. Air moves from _______ pressure area

    to ________ pressure area.

13 Define and compare the different pressures.
                   Definition                      Positive or Negative (Value)       Function
Atmospheric                                                                           NA

pressure (Patm)

Intra-alveolar

pressure (Palv)

Intrapleural

pressure (Pip)

Transpulmonary

pressure

14 Complete the labels and answer the questions




    Intrapulmonary pressure (↑ or↓) during inspiration. What pressure is always negative and
    helps to keep the lungs inflated? __________________ It is most negative during
    __________________ If transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the
    lungs? ___________________ This is known as a _____________________.


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15 The relationship between pressure and volume is known as _________ Law. Indicate
    the relationship with arrows: ↑ volume → ____ pressure; ↓ volume → ____ pressure

16 Mark “I” for the muscles that control inspiration and “E” for the muscles which control
    forceful expiration.

          ____ Diaphragm                                        ____ Internal intercostals
          ____ External oblique and rectus abdominus            ____ External intercostals
17 Which of these are active and which are passive processes? Circle the passive
    processes:
    a. quiet inspiration b. quiet expiration c. deep inspiration d. forceful expiration

18 Define lung compliance.




19 List the two factors that affect lung compliance. Increased _________ and ____________

    decrease lung compliance.

20 Fibrosis will (↑ or↓) compliance making it __________ to inflate the lungs.


21 What happens to some premature infants who do not produce surfactant?


22 Three factors affecting airway resistance ____________, __________ and

___________________.

23 Extrinsic and intrinsic control of bronchiole radius
     Factors                        Bronchioles            Resistance       Air flow ( ↑ or ↓)
                                    constrict or dilate    ( ↑ or ↓)
     Parasympathetic NS

     Sympathetic NS

     Histamine

     Epinephrine

     Acetylcholine

     Carbon dioxide




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