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JOINT ASTRONOMY CENTRE
UKIRT UPGRADES PROGRAMME
DOME ACTIVE VENTILATION
(Facility Work 1)
MECHANICAL DOCUMENTATION
May 1997
Prepared by
Chas Cavedoni
UKIRT UPGRADES PROGRAMME
DOME ACTIVE VENTILATION
(Facility Work 1)
MECHANICAL DOCUMENTATION
May 1997
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
2.0 SYSTEM HARDWARE
3.0 KEY PERSONNEL
4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
5.0 PURCHASED EQUIPMENT
6.0 OPERATIONS MANUAL
7.0 MAINTENEANCE MANUAL
8.0 PHOTOGRAPHS
9.0 PERFORMANCE TESTING
10.0 PUBLICATIONS
1.0 PROJECT OVERVIEW
In 1995 and 1996, the UKIRT Upgrades Project implemented a number of facility
improvements of which Dome Active Ventilation was most notable. The improvements,
collectively called Facility Work 1 (FW1), upgrades UKIRT in the following four ways:
It provides active dome ventilation especially for near-still nights of
approximately 12 dome volumes per hour with a heat removal capacity of 6.5
kW/C,
It allows the plant room exhaust make-up air to by-pass the dome chamber when
the ambient air is warmer than the dome chamber air,
It increases the heat removal capacity of the plant room exhaust system by
almost 250%, and
It nearly doubles the useable floor space of the plant room for the Primary Mirror
Cooling Chiller and future instrument chillers.
To complete the above work, a number of other significant projects had to be
undertaken. The Project had to relocate the telephone exchange, phone box and fire
alarm. In addition, the upgrades required Hawaiian Tel to install a new phone entry on
the north computer room wall adjacent to the existing fiber optics pull box.
The estimated total project cost was $225,000.
2.0 SYSTEM HARDWARE
The functional components of the UKIRT Active Dome Ventilation System (formally
called the Plant Room Exhaust System) consist of:
a double-damper air flow control system,
a dome by-pass inlet,
a dome active ventilation inlet,
an air filtration system,
(2) single-speed plant room supply fans (SF1 and SF2), and
(1) 2-speed plant room exhaust fan (EF1)
The airflow control system allows one to remotely select one of two sources of plant
room exhaust make-up air. One can select either make-up air drawn directly from the
outside of the building through the “dome by-pass inlet” or make-up air drawn indirectly
through the UKIRT dome, down through the north and south telescope pier floor
openings, into the plant room through the “dome ventilation inlet” and eventually out of
the building through the plant room exhaust tunnel.
The air enters the dome during the day through the brush seals and miscellaneous
penetrations on and around the dome slit. During the night the area of the open slit
dominates.
The plant room air handling equipment consist of (2) single-speed supply fans located
near the south wall of the plant room and located at the opposite end of the plant room in
the north, (1) 2-speed exhaust fan. The (2) single-speed supply fans working in parallel
balance the flow rate of the exhaust fan set at high speed. Either supply fan working
alone balances the flow rate of the exhaust fan set at low speed. The measured
performance of the system operating in high and low speeds is 29,000 m3/hr and 14,500
m3/hr (17,000 cfm and 8,500 cfm).
The project provided the half-speed mode of operation in an effort to mitigate the
concern of excessive noise when working in the plant room at maximum flow rate. The
project also conservatively selected fan types and an air filtration system using double
dogleg ductwork to further reduce concerns of excessive noise. The as-built system
operating at almost 2-1/2 times the old flow rate is quieter than the old system; i.e. the
half speed mode of operation was not really necessary.
To achieve maximum Dome Active Ventilation it is critical that all
doors leading in and out of the coude room and plant room are closed.
If all doors are not closed an open pathway in down either the north or
south stairwell or in through the lower floor back doors can short
circuit the dome ventilation system and dramatically reduce the flow
rate passing through the dome enclosure.
3.0 KEY PERSONNEL
3.1 Engineering Consultants
The following engineering firms, under the overall responsibility of Benjamin S.
Notkin/Hawaii, provided the detail design effort and bid document specifications:
Mechanical Engineer:
Benjamin S. Notkin/Hawaii Keith Chan
210 Ward Ave. Suite 220 (808) 523-1363
Honolulu, HI 96814 (808) 526-3584 fax
Architect:
TRB Architects, LTD. Clifford Terry
Pauahi Tower, Suite 1110 (808) 528-2020
1001 Bishop St. (808) 523-1264 fax
Honolulu, HI 96813
Structural Engineer:
Martin and Brave, Inc. Gary Chock
Pacific Tower, Suite 2660 (808) 521-4513
1001 Bishop St. (808) 531-4508 fax
Honolulu, HI 96813
Electrical Engineer:
Wallace T. Oki, P.E., Inc. Wally Oki
PO Box 4070/688 (808) 961-9666
Kinoole St. Suite 115b (808) 935-2549 fax
Hilo, HI 96720
3.2 Contractors
The following contractors provide construction effort for the project.
General Contractor:
Keauhou Construction L.P. Tom Broadhurst
73-1254 Old Hawaii Belt Rd. (808) 325-0199
Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 (808) 325-7460 fax
Mechanical Contractor:
Kona-Industries, Inc. Bill Gram
73-5563 Olowalu St. (808) 329-7789
Kailua-Kona, HI 96740 (808) 329-8799 fax
Contractor’s Lic. # C-14542
Balancing Contractor:
Certified Testing Tom McCowan
350 Ward Ave. Suite 106 (808) 523-9953
Honolulu, Hawaii 96814 (808) 531-1105
3.3 JAC UKIRT Upgrades Mechanical Support
Chas Cavedoni provided JAC overall project management and mechanical engineering
effort.
Ivan Look provided JAC mechanical design and construction over site effort.
4.0 DESIGN DOCUMENTATION
4.1 JAC Requirement Drawings by UKIRT Upgrades
Ivan Look, the UKIRT Upgrades mechanical designer, provided the following in-house
drawings to identify, develop and specify the in-house project requirements. These
drawings were not used for construction!
- FAC-001 Proposed Dome Exterior April 12, 1995
- FAC-002 Proposed Dome Section May 25, 1995
- FAC-003 Proposed First Floor April 12, 1995
- FAC-004 Existing First Floor April 10, 1995
- FAC-005 Exhaust Fan System Vie w A (existing) April 10, 1995
- FAC-006 Exhaust Fan System Vie w B (existing) April 10, 1995
- FAC-007 Plant Room Wall View C April 10, 1995
- FAC-008 Duct Removal Layout April 11, 1995
- FAC-009 Proposed First Floor (lay out) April 10, 1995
- E-1 UKIRT (Site Plan) June 2, 1995
- E-2 UKIRT (Computer Room) June 28, 1995
- E-3 UKIRT (North Elevation) June 28, 1997
- E-4 Detail (Site Plan) June 28, 1995
- E-5 Site Plan (Section) June 29, 1995
- E-6 Detail (Site Plan) June 30, 1995
- E-1 One-line Diagram May 9, 1995
- E-3 One Line (Telephone) Diagram May 15, 1995
Kent Tsutsui, the UKIRT Upgrades electrical engineer, provide the following system
control drawings:
- UKIRT Exhaust Fans System; Stage 1 Controls, 2 sheets Dec. 6, 1995.
All of the above mentioned drawings on 8-1/2” x 11” sheets are included at the end of
this section.
4.2 Engineering Design Drawings
The engineering consultants provide the following bid document drawings which are
available as an appendix in D-size format:
T-1 Title Sheet, Location and Site Plan Aug. 4, 1995
A-1 Demolition and Improvement Plans, Elevations and Details Aug. 4, 1995
A-2 Enlarged Plans, Elevations, Sections and Details Aug. 4, 1995
S-1 General Notes and Typical Details Aug. 4, 1995
S-2 First Floor Plan and Typical Details Aug. 4, 1995
S-3 Elevations, Sections and Details Aug. 4, 1995
M-1 Mechanical Legend and Schedules Aug. 4, 1995
M-2 First Floor Mechanical Demolition Plan Aug. 4, 1995
M-3 First Floor New Mechanical Plan Aug. 4, 1995
M-4 Mechanical Details and Sections Aug. 4,
1995
E-1 Electrical Work (for review only) June 16, 1995
E-2 Electrical Work (for review only) June 16, 1995
E-3 Electrical Work (for review only) undated
E-4 Electrical Work (for review only) undated
The engineering consultants released for construction Addendum 2 containing (16)
drawings on 8-1/2 x 11 sheets labeled SK1 through SK16. These drawings are included
at the end of this section.
Please note that the mechanical contractor deviated substantially from the bid
document drawings and no as-built drawings were made.
4.3 Bid Documents Technical Specifications
UKIRT Upgrades - Facility Work 1
Mauna Kea, Hawaii
Prepared by Benjamin S. Notkin/Hawaii, Ltd.
August 4, 1995
The documents are available as an appendix.
5.0 PURCHASED EQUIPMENT
5.1 List of Purchased Equipment
Air Filtration System Section 5.2
Supply Fans 1 & 2 Section 5.3
Exhaust Fan Section 5.4
Exterior Inlet Louvers Section 5.5
Control Dampers Section 5.6
5.2 Air Filtration System ECO AIR SUREFLOW Filter Assembly
5.3 Supply Fan 1 & 2 GREENHECK Tubular Centrifugal Fan
5.4 Exhaust Fan GREENHECK Backward Inclined Centrifugal Utility Fan
5.5 Exterior Inlet louvers C/S Storm Resistant Louvers
5.6 Control Dampers RUSKIN Counter Balanced Back Draft Damper
6.0 OPERATIONS MANUAL
6.1 Maximum Ventilation
To achieve maximum ventilation through the plant room and the dome enclosure set the
system as follows:
Control Dampers set to Dome Active Ventilation,
Supply Fan 1 and 2 both on,
Exhaust Fan 1 set to high-speed, and
Close all coude room, plant room and lower floor back doors.
To achieve maximum ventilation through the plant room with no dome enclosure
ventilation set the system as described above except now set the control dampers to
Dome By-Pass mode.
To achieve maximum improvements in dome seeing the following course of action is
suggested:
6.2 Day Operation
Whenever inside dome air is warmer than ambient air, one should draw-in the maximum
amount of cool ambient air through the dome chamber by selecting the Active
Ventilation Inlet with the system operating at maximum flow rate as described in Section
6.1.
Whenever the inside dome air is colder than the ambient air, one should not actively
ventilate the dome chamber by selecting the By-Pass Inlet as described in Section 6.1.
Drawing warm air into the dome would degrade the nights dome seeing.
The benefits of mixing the warm daytime stratified dome air with
even warmer ambient dome active ventilation has not been
determined.
6.3 Night Operation
As early in the evening as possible and all night long, one should always use maximum
Dome Active Ventilation to minimize dome seeing especially on near-still air nights.
To achieve maximum Dome Active Ventilation it is critical that all
doors leading in and out of the coude room and plant room are closed
as well as the lower floor back doors.
If all doors are not closed an open pathway in down either the north or
south stairwell or in through the lower floor back doors can short
circuit the dome ventilation system and dramatically reduce the flow
rate passing through the dome enclosure.
6.4 Dome Active Ventilation Heat Capacity
The heat removal capacity of the Dome Active Ventilation system is 6.5 kW / C at
29,000 m3/hr (~ 12 dome-volumes-per-hour) based on the following assumptions and
calculations:
Assumptions:
Dome ventilation flow rate 29,000 m3/hr
Dome volume 2,600 m3
Air density at summit 0.82 kg/m3
Air specific heat 1.01 kJ/kg-K
Calculations:
Mass flow rate 29,000 m3/hr x 1/3600 s/hr x 0.82 kg/m3= 6.6 kg/s
Heat flow rate 6.6 kg/s x 1.01 kJ/kg-K= 6.7 kJ/s-K or
Heat Removal Capacity 6.5 kW / C
7.0 MAINTENANCE MANUAL
7.1 Air Filtration System
The air filters require periodic replacement on the order of every 6 months with:
C35H Extended Surface Pleated Filters
ECO-AIR Products, Inc.
San Diego, CA 92126
One should change the filters before the accumulation of dirt increases the pressure drop
across the filter by 0.5 to 0.7 in of water. A pressure gauge located next to the filter bank
should be used to monitor the condition of the filters.
Please see the product literature provide in Section 5.2 for replacement details.
7.2 Supply Fan 1 & 2 and Exhaust Fan 1
The suggested routine maintenance for SF1, SF2 and EF1 is as follows:
Bearings:
The manufacturer recommends lubricating the bearings every 5 months with high lithium
grease conforming to NLGI Grade 2.
V-Belt:
The manufacturer recommends checking the belts regularly for wear, tension, alignment
and dirt accumulation.
Motor:
The manufacturer recommends cleaning the motor exterior surfaces.
Fasteners:
All fasteners should be checked no more than every 6 months to assure proper tightness.
Please see the product literature provided in Section 5.3 and 5.4 for routine maintenance
details.
7.3 Exterior Inlet louvers
Periodically inspect the inside of the Dome By-Pass Assembly (chimney) for excessive
accumulation of dirt and cinder. Clean as required.
8.0 PHOTOGRAPHS
The project documented the condition of the plant room prior to the facility work as well
as during various stages of construction. Seven pages of photos follow as listed below.
The full set is available bound in a burgundy 7” x 13” photo album.
8.1 Dome By-pass Inlet with Storm Resistance Louvers.
8.2 Dome By-Pass penetration during construction.
8.3 Dome By-Pass frame during construction.
8.4 Plant Room Air Filtration System.
8.5 Dome Air Supply Inlet and Plant Room Supply Fans and Ductwork.
8.6 Plant Room Supply Fans (SF1 and SF2).
8.7 Plant Room Exhaust Fan (EF).
9.0 PERFORMANCE TESTING
The project contracted Certified Testing, Inc. to adjust, balance and certify the
performance of the plant room exhaust system. Their report follows starting on the next
page.
10.0 PUBLICATIONS
The project produced an SPIE paper describing this project and the overall telescope
thermal environment control system. The paper follows starting on the next page.
11.0 LIST OF APPENDIE
11.1 Bid Document Drawings
11.2 Bid Document Technical Specifications
11.3 Photograph Book
