Physically Based Realistic Fire Rendering Vincent Pegoraro and Steven

Physically-Based Realistic Fire Rendering Vincent Pegoraro Steven G. Parker Outline • Introduction • Related Work • Physically-Based Fire Rendering – – – – – – – • Results • Discussion and Future Work • Conclusion Fire Modeling Scattering Spectral Properties of Soot & Blackbody Radiation Spectral Properties of Other Chemical Species Radiative Transfer Refraction Visual Adaptation Introduction • Motivation – Visually appealing but dangerous & expensive – Predict appearance of simulated fire • Applications – Movie and gaming industries – Virtual archaeological reconstruction – Safety-oriented research – Visualization Related Work • • • • Particle systems Implicit primitives Ray-marching & volume-slicing Procedural & image-based approaches Spectral properties mostly unexplored Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Fire Modeling – Previous works address modeling / animation – Physically-based rendering ⇐ physical data – Physically-based simulations C-SAFE Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Scattering – Low-albedo medium – Forward-dominated scattering distributions – Simulations computationally expensive Focus on absorption & emission Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Spectral Properties of Soot • Blackbody Radiation Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Spectral Properties of Other Species • Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistical Distribution Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Einstein Coefficients Spontaneous Emission Induced Emission Photo-Absorption related by Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Derived Formulas Kirchoff’s law and tabulated properties – NIST Atomic Spectra Database – HITRAN Molecular Spectroscopic Database Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Radiative Transfer – Radiative transport equation – In-scattered radiance Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Radiative Transfer – Discretized RTE integration – Trade-off quality / cost – Ray-marching algorithm Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Refraction – Non-linear light propagation visual warping – Ciddor’s equation indices of refraction – Fermat’s principle path perturbations Physically-Based Fire Rendering • Visual Adaptation – Complex retinal photoreceptors – High dynamic range of fire – S-potential approximation – Adaptation state – Photopic range – Spectral domain / XYZ color space Results JP-8 Pool Fire Heptane Pool Fire Results Methane Pool Fire Results Lithium Barium Sodium Results Results • Visual Adaptation Results • Refraction Discussion and Future Work • Sensitive to richness of databases • Rigorous evaluation of accuracy • Plasma rendering • Non-LTE phenomena (e.g. luminescence) Conclusion • • • • • • • • Physically-based method Spectral properties of chemical species Radiative energy transfer Refraction Visual adaptation No ad-hoc parameter Predict appearance of various types of fire First model to address colorful flames Acknowledgments • U.S. Department of Energy • C-SAFE: James Bigler, Stanislav Borodai, Eric Eddings, Gautham Krishnamoorthy, Seshadri Kumar, Alexander Santamaria, Jennifer Spinti, Charles Wight… • Thank you !

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