Nutrition and Digestion - PowerPoint

							Nutrition & Digestion



               Test Review
Nutrients

            Substances needed for:
              Cell repair
              Cell growth
              Energy
            Obtained from the food we
             eat
Nutrients

            Proteins
            Carbohydrates
            Fats
            Vitamins
            Minerals
            Water
Protein

          Replacement of cells
          Growth
          Large molecules
            Smaller molecules called
             Amino Acids
          Found in meats, eggs,
           beans
Carbohydrates

          Primary energy source
          Molecules of C, H, O
            Sugars ~ simple
             carbohydrates
            Starches ~ complex
             carbohydrates
            Fiber
                Not digested; provides bulk
Fats
       Provide energy / stores
        energy
       Absorb vitamins
       Make up cell membranes
Vitamins
           Organic (contain carbon)
           Growth
           Regulate body functions
           Prevent disease
           No food has all vitamins
           Water soluble
           Fat soluble
             Stored in body
Minerals

           Inorganic (no carbon)
             Found on the periodic table
           Control chemical reactions
           Build cells
           Conduct nerve impulses
           Carry oxygen
Water

        Nutrients carried in water
        Used in chemical reactions
Digestion
            Process the breaks down
             food into small molecules
             that can be used by the
             body
            Mechanical ~ chewing,
             mixing, churning
            Chemical ~ chemicals
             break down food
Digestive system

           Digestive tract
           Alimentary canal
           Organs used in digestion
Digestive system
           Mouth
           Esophagus
           Stomach
           Small intestine
           Large intestine
           Rectum
           Anus
Digestive system

           Accessory organs ~ food
            does not pass through
             Liver
             Gall bladder
             Pancreas
Mouth

        Teeth
        Mechanical digestion ~
         chewing
        Chemical digestion ~
         amylase in saliva
Esophagus

            Peristalsis ~ muscular
             action that moves food
            Lined with mucus
            Epiglottis prevent food
             from going into trachea
Stomach
          Muscular bag
          Lined with folds
          Mechanical & chemical
           digestion
          Enzymes (help speed up
           chemical reactions) &
           digestive juices
          Chyme
Stomach
Small intestine

            Most digestion occurs here
            Lined with villi
              Projections that increase
               surface area
Small intestine
Large intestine
            Colon
            Absorbs water
              Maintains homeostasis ~
               steady state
            Forms feces
            Rectum ~ stores feces
            Anus ~ strong round
             muscles (sphincter)
Large intestine
Accessory organs

           Produce and store digestive
            chemicals
           Food does not pass through
            these
Liver

        Makes bile
Liver
Gall bladder

           Muscular sac attached to
            the liver
           Stores bile.
Gall bladder
Pancreas

           Makes enzymes
Pancreas