Nutrition & Digestion
Test Review
Nutrients
Substances needed for:
Cell repair Cell growth Energy
Obtained from the food we eat
Nutrients
Proteins Carbohydrates Fats Vitamins Minerals Water
Protein
Replacement of cells Growth Large molecules
Smaller molecules called Amino Acids
Found in meats, eggs, beans
Carbohydrates
Primary energy source Molecules of C, H, O
Sugars ~ simple carbohydrates Starches ~ complex carbohydrates Fiber
Not digested; provides bulk
Fats
Provide energy / stores energy Absorb vitamins Make up cell membranes
Vitamins
Organic (contain carbon) Growth Regulate body functions Prevent disease No food has all vitamins Water soluble Fat soluble
Stored in body
Minerals
Inorganic (no carbon)
Found on the periodic table
Control chemical reactions Build cells Conduct nerve impulses Carry oxygen
Water
Nutrients carried in water Used in chemical reactions
Digestion
Process the breaks down food into small molecules that can be used by the body Mechanical ~ chewing, mixing, churning Chemical ~ chemicals break down food
Digestive system
Digestive tract Alimentary canal Organs used in digestion
Digestive system
Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
Digestive system
Accessory organs ~ food does not pass through
Liver Gall bladder Pancreas
Mouth
Teeth Mechanical digestion ~ chewing Chemical digestion ~ amylase in saliva
Esophagus
Peristalsis ~ muscular action that moves food Lined with mucus Epiglottis prevent food from going into trachea
Stomach
Muscular bag Lined with folds Mechanical & chemical digestion Enzymes (help speed up chemical reactions) & digestive juices Chyme
Stomach
Small intestine
Most digestion occurs here Lined with villi
Projections that increase surface area
Small intestine
Large intestine
Colon Absorbs water
Maintains homeostasis ~ steady state
Forms feces Rectum ~ stores feces Anus ~ strong round muscles (sphincter)
Large intestine
Accessory organs
Produce and store digestive chemicals Food does not pass through these
Liver
Makes bile
Liver
Gall bladder
Muscular sac attached to the liver Stores bile.
Gall bladder
Pancreas
Makes enzymes
Pancreas