Human Anatomy
Mrs. Gies 8th grade Science
Organizing the Human Body
Scientists use four terms to talk about parts of the human body.
• Cells are the basic building blocks of all living things.
• Groups of cells that do the same job are called tissues.
• Groups of tissues that do the same job are called organs.
• Groups of organs that work together are called organ systems.
Body Systems
• Scientists give a name to each of the systems of the human body that perform a certain task that is necessary for humans to survive. • We are going to learn about the 9 major body systems.
Skeletal System
• Function: –Provides shape and support –Allows movement –Protects tissues and organs –Stores materials –Produces blood cells
Skeletal System
• Major Parts: –Bones –Ligaments –Tendons –Cartilage –Joints
Muscular System
• Function: –Allows body to move –Controls breathing –Controls blood pressure and heartbeat –Controls digestion
Muscular System
• Major Parts: –Muscles • Skeletal • Smooth • Cardiac
Circulatory System
• Function: –Delivers food and oxygen to the body cells –Carries carbon dioxide and other waste products away from body cells
Circulatory System
• Major Parts: –Heart –Arteries –Capillaries –Veins
Respiratory System
• Function: –Gets oxygen into the body –Removes carbon dioxide and water from the body
Respiratory System
• Major Parts: –Nose –Throat –Trachea –Lungs –Diaphragm
Nervous System
• Function: –Receives and sends out information about activities in the body –Monitors and responds to changes in the environment
Nervous System
• Major Parts: –Brain –Spinal cord –Nerves
Digestive System
• Function: –Breaks down food into simpler substances for use by the body
Digestive System
• Major Parts: – Mouth – Esophagus – Stomach – Intestines • Large • Small – Liver – Pancreas
Excretory System
• Function: –Provides a way for various wastes to be removed from the body
Excretory System
• Major Parts: –Kidneys –Bladder –Liver –Skin
Immune System
• Function: –Serves as the body’s defense against disease causing organisms
Immune System
• Major Parts: –Skin –Mucus –Cilia –Blood cells –Antibodies
Endocrine System
• Function: –Consists of glands that produce chemical messengers called hormones –Helps to regulate certain body activities
Endocrine System
• Major Parts: – Glands • Hypothalamus • Pituitary • Thyroid • Adrenals • Ovaries • Testes