XRML Syntax and Automated Form Processing 2001. 3. 3 IIS/EC Lab Mye M. Sohn Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. XRML Syntax 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL) 2.3 Rule Triggering Language (RTL) 2.4 Rule Identification Language (RIL) 3. Application of Automated Form Processing 4. Conclusion 2 IIS/EC Lab 1. Introduction 3 IIS/EC Lab Advent of XML  Standard communication format across the Internet. Extensible Markup Language (XML)  However, exchanged data is insufficient for rule processing which is involved with workflow system. 4 IIS/EC Lab Workflow System  So we need the rule exchange scheme on workflow system, which can be understood expert system agents. XRML(Extensible Rule Markup Language) 5 IIS/EC Lab Definition of XRML  Extensible Rule Markup Language (XRML) extension of XML with additional capabilities of structured rule exchange and interact with ESA and human on intranet workflow system. 6 IIS/EC Lab 2. XRML Syntax 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL) 2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL) 2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL) 7 IIS/EC Lab 2.1 Overall Architecture of XRML Expert System Agent Call Parser Transform Knowledge Engineer RB Inference Engine Trigger Inquiry Answer Knowledge Editor RSL Object Type Forms RTL in Forms Consistency HTML Forms XML/ HTML XML/RIL Workflow Web Browser XRML 8 IIS/EC Lab 2.2 Rule Structure Language (RSL)  Automation of the decision making on workflow  Structured rule exchange is essential  To do so, we design Rule Structure Language (RSL) which can represent rule structure in markup syntax. 9 IIS/EC Lab RSL Representation Budgetary Constraints for research fund budgetary appropriateness ( AND ( ( budgetary_source IS type _P_research_fund ) …… …… 10 IIS/EC Lab DTD of RSL 11 IIS/EC Lab BNF of RSL rule ::= ( (rulegrouptitle literal) statement {statement} ) statement ::= (ruletitle literal) conditions statement conditions ::= AND (statement IS| statement>| OR (statement IS| statement)|NIL {AND (statement IS| statement)| OR (statement IS| statement)|NIL} statement ::= literal|literal ::= >=|<=|= 12 IIS/EC Lab XSL (Extensible Stylesheet Language)

IF
THEN
13 IIS/EC Lab Illustrative HTML on Browser 14 IIS/EC Lab Advantages of RSL  RSL  Structured Rule Interchange format on Internet 15 IIS/EC Lab 2.3 Rule Identification Language (RIL)  To aid human agent’s knowledge processing, rule which is represented RSL should be converted to unstructured HTML. Rule Identification Language (RIL) 16 IIS/EC Lab Design of RIL  RIL is component of XRML which can identify the relevant rule and contingency variable in unstructured HTML .  Rule title may be viewed as pointer that point out the relevant RSL Contingency Variables   The RSL should be reconstructed by change of variables in RIL and vice versa. 17 IIS/EC Lab RIL Representation budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund , the spendable items arestudent salary and expenses for data collection 18 IIS/EC Lab DTD of RIL 19 IIS/EC Lab Display for Human’s Comprehension . Pointing to RSL 20 IIS/EC Lab Advantages of RIL  Aid human agent’s Knowledge Processing  Conversion of XRML (including Rule Identification Language) to XML/HTML  Maintain Consistency between Rule Base and Web page  Aid the extraction(semi-automatically) of rules from XML maintaining consistency between them 21 IIS/EC Lab 2.4 Rule Triggering Language (RTL)  Intelligent agent’s knowledge processing against web client  To perform the rule processing, form of workflow can trigger the ESA which can give adequate inference results. Rule Triggering Language (RTL) 22 IIS/EC Lab Representation of RTL  New attributes type can be created in the form  Representation of the attributes in grammatical form which is represent not only relevant rule, but also returned result that is selected among inference results. Suggestion of variables and values that describe attribute types.  23 IIS/EC Lab BNF of RTL ::= (rule_group_title literal) (rule_title literal) (attribute_name literal {literal}) access_var invoke_time description access_var ::= new-value|new-values|get-value|get_values|delete-value| delete-values|add-value|add-values invoke_time ::= before|after description ::= attribute_name inference_value attribute_name ::= literal inference_value ::= literal|a certain number IIS/EC Lab 24 Example of RTL {{requisition-2000/6/28-1 (requisition_section : ICEC ) (Use_for: student’s salary) (budgetary_source: type-P research fund) (account: P-1234) (amount: 1000) (permission: ) (RULE_TRIGGER: ( Budget Control budgetary_appropriateness budgetary_source new-value after permission )}} 25 IIS/EC Lab Advantages of RTL  Aid Agent’s Knowledge Processing against Web page  Triggering rule-based inferences in the agents, possibly from the Workflow Management System 26 IIS/EC Lab Knowledge Management  XRML is devised for Knowledge Management among agents of intranet workflow system  Knowledge Sharing and Reusing  To achieve the knowledge sharing, knowledge should be managed consistently between RSL and RIL. 27 IIS/EC Lab 3. Application of Automated Form Processing 28 IIS/EC Lab Rule embedded in a form  In the workflow system, form embed with many rule processing on web client.  In student salary payment process, for instance, the following rules are applied to determine whether or not type-P research fund are allowed. 29 IIS/EC Lab Illustrative Rules (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND ((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses)) THEN permission IS allowed (budgetary-source IS type-P research fund) AND NOT (((item IS student’s-salary OR (item IS data-collection-expenses))) THEN permission IS denied IF IF 30 IIS/EC Lab Issues of form processing(1)  Storage of the rule  Memorized by human beings or may be referred to by consulting printed regulations (Unstructured HTML Document). Cause of the Inaccurate Transaction  Remedy  Adoption of intelligent agent named Expert System Agent (ESA) 31 IIS/EC Lab Issues of form processing(2)  ESA on web client can’t yet understand the unstructured HTML. Remedy   Structured rule representation is essential. 32 IIS/EC Lab Issues of form processing(3)  Management (Maintenance) of structured rule  Centralized Management    By a Knowledge Engineer Rule exchange using XRML (Push Service) Knowledge Sharing Achievement of Knowledge Management 33 IIS/EC Lab Illustrative RSL Revision Process Step 1) RSL Rule Revision by Knowledge Engineer Selection of revised RSL rule. For instance, the P-type research fund can be paid out for travel expense. : Budgetary Constraints for research fund ( : ) ( OR ( ( Added RSL Rule item IS travel_expense ) …… 34 Part IIS/EC Lab Push Service by RSL Server Step 2) Push service to ESA on Web Client Intelligent Agents RSL server Update the rule named budgetary_appropriateness Monitoring Initiate inference using a rule named budgetary_appropriateness Trigger the rule Reply the acceptance message Monitoring web clients Send to rule update message Push the updated RSL rule Parser receives the updated rule Transform to condition-action type rule Perform the inference 35 IIS/EC Lab Illustrative RIL Revision Process (1) Browsed Display

Research budgets is organized within limits of the contract deposit and distributed to each accounts. The use of research budget is as follows:

HTML/RIL budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items arestudent salaryand expenses for data collection and travel expense 36 IIS/EC Lab Illustrative RIL Revision Process  Consistency between RIL and RSL The research fund is ………….. ………. budgetary appropriateness If the budgetary source is the type-P research fund, the spendable items arestudent salaryand expenses for data collection Budgetary Type Constraints budgetary appropriateness (AND (budgetary_source IS type-P research fund) (OR (item IS student’s salary) (item IS data collection expenses))) permission IS allowed IIS/EC Lab 37 RIL RSL Illustrative Form Processing Step 1) Form generation Form template (RTL embed) is uploaded. 38 IIS/EC Lab Form processing on Web Client Step 2) The RTL trigger ESA. Step 2.1) ESA search a specific rule named “budgetary appropriateness” in RB. Step 2.2) The moment ESA triggered a rule, RSL server push a rule if rule is changed. Otherwise, ESA can triggered rule in its RB. Step 3) Return to inference result to form. 39 IIS/EC Lab Remarks  XRML can be a useful automated form processing on Internet 40 IIS/EC Lab 4. Conclusions  Number of consulting unstructured HTML files manually will be reduced. Achieve the consistency management between rules, web, and knowledge processing. Expandable to any application of workflow.   41 IIS/EC Lab