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The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data
Tables and Technical Notes:
Table 1. People living with HIV/AIDS1, deaths among people reported
with HIV/AIDS, and newly diagnosed HIV cases by year2: 1999-2004,
Massachusetts
Diagnosis of HIV
Year HIV/AIDS Prevalence Deaths Among HIV/AIDS
Infection
1999 12,208 397 1,316
2000 12,978 374 1,144
2001 13,542 424 988
2002 14,196 376 1,030
2003 14,772 320 896
2004 15,289 327 844
1
Number of People living with HIV/AIDS on 12/31 of each year
2
Reflects year of diagnosis for HIV infection among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
Data source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program, Data as of 7/1/05
Technical Notes:
Estimated Total Number of People Living with HIV/AIDS:
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that about one-
quarter of HIV infected persons nationwide do not know they are infected1 (previous
editions of the Epidemiologic Profile estimated that about one-third of HIV-infected
persons either did not know they were infected or were not in care). Applying the
national estimate to the number of people living with HIV/AIDS in Massachusetts
reported to the HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (N = 15,289 as of December 31, 2004),
and adjusting for completeness of reporting, would yield an estimated 5,996 people who
are infected with HIV and do not know it, and 2,698 who know their status but have not
been reported. Therefore, the estimated total number of people currently living with
HIV/AIDS in Massachusetts, including people known to the system as well as those yet
to be identified, is in the range of 23,000 – 25,000 people.
1
Fleming PL, Byers RH, Sweeney PA, Daniels D, Karon JM, Janssen RS. HIV prevalence in the United
States, 2000. Abstract 11. 9th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Seattle,
Washington, February 24-28, 2002
1
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 2. Total number of people reported with HIV infection or AIDS1
by mortality status at the end of 2004: Massachusetts
N %
People Living with HIV/AIDS 15,289 58%
People Reported with HIV or AIDS who are Deceased 11,223 42%
Total Number of People Reported with HIV Infection or AIDS 26,512 100%
1
Does not include individuals diagnosed with HIV infection (non-AIDS) who died prior to January 1, 1999 or who were not in care on
January 1, 1999.
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program, Data as of 7/1/05
2
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Who is currently living with HIV/AIDS in Massachusetts?
Please note that previous editions of the Epidemiologic Profile presented people living
with HIV/AIDS as of July 1st whereas this edition presents people living with HIV/AIDS
as of December 31st to ensure consistency with national standards.
Table 3. People living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2004 by gender,
race/ethnicity, place of birth and health service region:
Massachusetts
People Living with HIV/AIDS on 12/31/04
Gender: N %
Male 10,871 71%
Female 4,418 29%
Race/Ethnicity: N %
White (non-Hispanic) 7,013 46%
Black (non-Hispanic) 4,191 27%
Hispanic 3,789 25%
Asian/Pacific Islander 177 1%
American Indian/Alaska Native 22 <1%
Other/Unknown 97 1%
Place of Birth: N %
US 10,718 70%
Puerto Rico/US Dependency1 1,872 12%
Non-US 2,699 18%
Health Service Region2: N %
Boston HSR 4,985 33%
Central HSR 1,347 9%
Metro West HSR 1,872 12%
Northeast HSR 2,170 14%
Southeast HSR 2,130 14%
Western HSR 1,786 12%
Prison3 991 6%
TOTAL4 15,289 100%
1
Ninety-four percent of people living with HIV/AIDS who were born in a US Dependency were born in Puerto Rico, <1%
were born in the US Virgin Islands, and 6% were born in an unknown dependency.
2
Reflects the health service region (HSR) of a person’s residence at the time of report (not necessarily current residence).
3
HSRs are regions defined geographically to facilitate targeted health service planning. While prisons are not an HSR, the
prison population is presented separately in this analysis because of its unique service planning needs. Prisons include
persons who were diagnosed with HIV/AIDS while in a correctional facility.
4
Total includes 8 people living with HIV/AIDS with unknown HSR; Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program
(percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
3
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 4. People living with HIV/AIDS by exposure mode:
Massachusetts
People Living with HIV/AIDS on 12/31/04
Exposure Mode: N %
Male-to-male sex (MSM) 5,003 33%
Injection Drug Use (IDU) 4,288 28%
MSM/IDU 479 3%
Receipt of Blood/Blood products 127 1%
Pediatric 278 2%
Total Heterosexual Sex (HTSX) 2,056 13%
• HTSX w/ an Injection Drug User 879 6%
• HTSX w/ Bisexual male 32 <1%
• HTSX w/ a person w/ HIV or AIDS 1,120 7%
• Other HTSX 25 <1%
Total Undetermined/Other 3,058 20%
•
1
Presumed Heterosexual 2,235 15%
•
2
Undetermined/Other 823 5%
TOTAL 15,289 100%
1
Heterosexual sex with a partner of unknown HIV status or risk
2
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk, those lost to follow-up,
and one person with confirmed occupational exposure
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of
7/1/05
Note: The category of “presumed heterosexual” is used in Massachusetts to re-assign
people who are reported with no identified risk but who are known not to have reported
any other risks except heterosexual sex with a partner of unknown HIV status or risk.
Massachusetts uses this category to distinguish these cases from other undetermined
cases about which we know less. Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention categorizes “presumed heterosexual” cases as “no identified risk”. As such,
comparisons of the presumed heterosexual category cannot be made to national data.
Caution should be used in interpreting data for presumed heterosexual as it is still not
clear what the exposure risk is for people in this category. Although a person may not
report other risk behaviors such as injection drug use or male-to-male sex to his/her
health care provider, it does not necessarily mean that he/she has not engaged in them.
There are many barriers to disclosing HIV risk behaviors in the health care setting such
as a tenuous patient-provider relationship or the stigma associated with drug use and
male-to-male sex.
4
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 5. People living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2004 by gender
and race/ethnicity: Massachusetts
Male Female
Race/Ethnicity: N % N %
White Non-Hispanic 5,660 52% 1,353 31%
Black Non-Hispanic 2,461 23% 1,730 39%
Hispanic 2,546 23% 1,243 28%
Asian/Pacific Islander 134 1% 43 1%
American Indian/Alaska Native 10 <1% 12 <1%
Not Specified 60 1% 37 1%
Total 10,871 100% 4,418 100%
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of
7/1/05
Who is experiencing differential impact from HIV/AIDS?
Explanation of age adjusted rates
A “rate” of a disease per 100,000 population is a more precise way to compare groups
that have substantially different population sizes rather than relying on the raw number
of cases. For example, the number of people living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2004
who are Hispanic, is 3,789, whereas the number of people living with HIV/AIDS who are
white is 7,013. Although the number of people living with HIV/AIDS who are Hispanic
in Massachusetts is smaller than the number of people living with HIV/AIDS who are
white, we also need to consider that there are far fewer people of Hispanic heritage
living in Massachusetts than white individuals. Hispanic individuals represent 6% of the
Massachusetts population compared to white individuals who represent 82% of the
population. So, if HIV/AIDS had the same impact on the Hispanic population of the state
as on the white, then there should be almost 12 times as many cases in white
individuals, but there are only about twice as many. By calculating a rate which takes
into consideration the differences in the population size, it is evident that the number of
people living with HIV/AIDS for every 100,000 Hispanic individuals in Massachusetts is
much higher than the rate for every 100,000 white individuals. This is called a "crude
rate" and is calculated by dividing the number of people living with HIV/AIDS by the
entire population (everyone or the sub-population involved) and multiplying by 100,000.
(See example 1.A below).
5
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Example 1.A: Calculation of crude HIV/AIDS prevalence rate for whites,
Massachusetts (131.7 per 100,000)
Crude HIV/AIDS prevalence
rate for white individuals = (number of white individuals living with HIV/AIDS ÷
population size of white individuals)×100,000
= (7,013/5,326,585)×100,000
= (0.001316603)×100,000
= 131.7
However, sometimes, in addition to the population size being different, the age
composition of the populations is different. In Massachusetts, black and Hispanic
populations are generally younger than white. The median age of black people (29.7
years) and Hispanic people (24.5 years) is younger than that of white people (38.8
years). Therefore, it is necessary to “age-adjust” the HIV/AIDS prevalence rate to get a
true comparison of the impact of the disease across racial/ethnic groups without an
effect from the differences in age composition. Age-adjustment of rates minimizes the
distortion created by differences in age composition.
Age-adjusted rates are calculated by weighting the age-specific rates for a given
population by the age distribution of a standard population. The weighted age-specific
rates are then added to produce the adjusted rate for all ages combined. (See example
1.B below).
6
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Example 1.B: Calculation of age-adjusted HIV/AIDS prevalence rate for white
individuals, Massachusetts (125.3 per 100,000)
A B C D E
Age group (in # of prevalent Population 2000 US Age-adjusted rate
years) HIV/AIDS cases (2000) standard ((B÷C×D)×100,000))
population
weight
<1 0 61,381 0.013818 0.00
1-4 1 245,562 0.055317 0.02
5-14 39 675,388 0.145565 0.84
15-24 83 634,387 0.138646 1.81
25-34 579 734,417 0.135573 10.69
35-44 2,913 902,498 0.162613 52.49
45-54 2,558 771,970 0.134834 44.68
55-64 721 491,985 0.087247 12.79
65-74 110 396,458 0.066037 1.83
75-84 6 300,442 0.044842 0.09
85+ years 3 112,097 0.015508 0.04
Total 125.3
To see the effect of age-distribution on prevalence rates see Table 6 below for a
comparison of crude and age-adjusted rates by race/ethnicity.
7
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 6. Crude and age-adjusted HIV/AIDS prevalence per
100,000 population at the end of 2004 by race/ethnicity and
gender: Massachusetts
Crude rate per Age-adjusted rate
State Total: 100,000 per 100,000
White (non-Hispanic) 131.7 125.3
Black (non-Hispanic) 1,245.3 1,341.6
Hispanic 883.8 1,141.6
Asian/Pacific Islander 72.0 75.2
American Indian/Alaskan Native 191.5 179.7
Total prevalence 240.8 235.1
Crude rate per Age-adjusted rate
Males: 100,000 per 100,000
White (non-Hispanic) Males 221.2 206.9
Black (non-Hispanic) Males 1,517.3 1,711.5
Hispanic Males 1,202.6 1,652.4
Asian/Pacific Islander Males 111.1 118.2
American Indian/Alaskan Native Males 174.9 166.6
Total prevalence among males 355.4 343.7
Crude rate per Age-adjusted rate
Females: 100,000 per 100,000
White (non-Hispanic) Females 48.9 47.7
Black (non-Hispanic) Females 992.2 1,023.3
Hispanic Females 572.7 691.3
Asian/Pacific Islander Females 34.4 34.4
American Indian/Alaskan Native Females 207.8 192.6
Total prevalence among females 134.3 132.6
1
The denominators for prevalence calculations are based on year 2000 population estimates from the MDPH Bureau of
Health Statistics, Research and Evaluation
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program
8
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Who is most at risk of HIV infection and how has this changed over
time?
Table 7. People diagnosed with HIV infection by gender and year of
diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999 - 20041
Male Female
N % N % Total
< 1999 15,709 77% 4,639 23% 20,348
1999 914 69% 402 31% 1,316
2000 797 70% 347 30% 1,144
2001 695 70% 293 30% 988
2002 700 68% 330 32% 1,030
2003 626 70% 270 30% 896
20042 587 70% 257 30% 844
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
2004 data are preliminary
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 8. People diagnosed with HIV infection by race/ethnicity and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
White NH Black NH Hispanic API AI/AN Total2
N % N % N % N % N %
< 1999 11,243 55% 4,752 23% 4,180 21% 101 <1% 26 <1% 20,348
1999 554 42% 393 30% 333 25% 20 2% 3 <1% 1,316
2000 450 39% 392 34% 270 24% 25 2% 2 <1% 1,144
2001 406 41% 321 32% 230 23% 26 3% 2 <1% 988
2002 406 39% 349 34% 240 23% 21 2% 2 <1% 1,030
2003 355 40% 287 32% 228 25% 13 1% 0 0% 896
20043 318 38% 270 32% 228 27% 12 1% 2 <1% 844
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Totals include people with unspecified race/ethnicity
3
2004 data are preliminary
NH = Non-Hispanic, API = Asian/Pacific Islander, AI/AN = American Indian/Alaskan Native
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
9
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 9. Males diagnosed with HIV infection by race/ethnicity and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
White NH Black NH Hispanic API AI/AN Total2
N % N % N % N % N %
< 1999 9,473 60% 3,168 20% 2,932 19% 85 1% 19 <1% 15,709
1999 433 47% 233 25% 227 25% 12 1% 1 <1% 914
2000 362 45% 221 28% 187 23% 23 3% 0 0% 797
2001 332 48% 178 26% 161 23% 21 3% 1 <1% 695
2002 332 47% 183 26% 160 23% 14 2% 2 <1% 700
2003 307 49% 158 25% 146 23% 10 2% 0 0% 626
20043 274 47% 150 26% 149 25% 7 1% 0 0% 587
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Totals include people with unspecified race/ethnicity
3
2004 data are preliminary
NH = Non-Hispanic, API = Asian/Pacific Islander, AI/AN = American Indian/Alaskan Native
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 10. Females diagnosed with HIV infection by race/ethnicity and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
White NH Black NH Hispanic API AI/AN Total2
N % N % N % N % N %
< 1999 1,770 38% 1,584 34% 1,248 27% 16 <1% 7 <1% 4,639
1999 121 30% 160 40% 106 26% 8 2% 2 <1% 402
2000 88 25% 171 49% 83 24% 2 1% 2 1% 347
2001 74 25% 143 49% 69 24% 5 2% 1 <1% 293
2002 74 22% 166 50% 80 24% 7 2% 0 0% 330
2003 48 18% 129 48% 82 30% 3 1% 0 0% 270
20043 44 17% 120 47% 79 31% 5 2% 2 1% 257
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Totals include people with unspecified race/ethnicity
3
2004 data are preliminary
NH = Non-Hispanic, API = Asian/Pacific Islander, AI/AN = American Indian/Alaskan Native
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
10
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 11. People diagnosed with HIV infection by exposure mode and year of
diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
MSM/ Pres. Undeter- Total
MSM IDU IDU HTSX Other HTSX2 mined3
N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N
<1999 7,573 37% 7,156 35% 835 4% 2,024 10% 667 3% 1,357 7% 635 3% 20,348
1999 370 28% 388 29% 30 2% 191 15% 10 1% 257 20% 63 5% 1,316
2000 342 30% 242 21% 21 2% 186 16% 14 1% 260 23% 75 7% 1,144
2001 301 30% 202 20% 23 2% 154 16% 7 1% 220 22% 80 8% 988
2002 322 31% 172 17% 23 2% 160 16% 7 1% 247 24% 95 9% 1,030
2003 300 33% 134 15% 23 3% 98 11% 7 1% 204 23% 123 14% 896
20044 262 31% 135 16% 11 1% 89 11% 7 1% 191 23% 145 17% 844
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
3
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk and those lost to follow-up
4
2004 data are preliminary
MSM = male-to-male sex; IDU = injection drug use; MSM/IDU = male-to-male sex and injection drug use; HTSX = heterosexual sex; Pres.
HTSX = presumed heterosexual; NIR = No Identified Risk
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 12. Males diagnosed with HIV infection by exposure mode and year of
diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
MSM/ Pres. Undeter- Total
MSM IDU IDU HTSX Other HTSX2 mined3
N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N
<1999 7,573 48% 5,018 32% 835 5% 562 4% 480 3% 739 5% 502 3% 15,709
1999 370 40% 269 29% 30 3% 64 7% 9 1% 124 14% 48 5% 914
2000 342 43% 165 21% 21 3% 64 8% 12 2% 132 17% 61 8% 797
2001 301 43% 145 21% 23 3% 63 9% 3 0% 109 16% 51 7% 695
2002 322 46% 120 17% 23 3% 53 8% 6 1% 118 17% 58 8% 700
2003 300 48% 94 15% 23 4% 39 6% 10 2% 85 14% 75 12% 626
20044 262 45% 86 15% 11 2% 38 6% 5 1% 83 14% 102 17% 587
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
3
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk and those lost to follow-up
4
2004 data are preliminary
MSM = male-to-male sex; IDU = injection drug use; MSM/IDU = male-to-male sex and injection drug use; HTSX = heterosexual sex; Pres.
HTSX = presumed heterosexual; NIR = No Identified Risk
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
11
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 13. Females diagnosed with HIV infection by exposure mode and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999-20041
Pres. Undeter-
IDU HTSX Other HTSX2 mined3 Total
N % N % N % N % N % N
<1999 2,138 46% 1,462 32% 288 6% 618 13% 133 3% 4,639
1999 119 30% 127 32% 8 2% 133 33% 15 4% 402
2000 77 22% 122 35% 6 2% 128 37% 14 4% 347
2001 57 19% 91 31% 5 2% 111 38% 29 10% 293
2002 52 16% 107 32% 5 2% 129 39% 37 11% 330
2003 40 15% 59 22% 4 1% 119 44% 48 18% 270
20044 49 19% 51 20% 6 2% 108 42% 43 17% 257
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
3
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk and those lost to follow-up
4
2004 data are preliminary
MSM = male-to-male sex; IDU = injection drug use; MSM/IDU = male-to-male sex and injection drug use; HTSX = heterosexual sex;
Pres. HTSX = presumed heterosexual; NIR = No Identified Risk
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 14. People diagnosed with HIV infection by place of birth and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999 – 20041
Puerto Rico/
US US Dependency2 Non-US
N % N % N % Total
< 1999 15,837 78% 2,437 12% 2,074 10% 20,348
1999 912 69% 164 12% 240 18% 1,316
2000 734 64% 122 11% 288 25% 1,144
2001 619 63% 110 11% 259 26% 988
2002 611 59% 101 10% 318 31% 1,030
2003 566 63% 85 9% 245 27% 896
20043 534 63% 88 10% 222 26% 844
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Ninety-five percent of all people diagnosed with HIV infection in MA who were born in a US dependency were born in Puerto
Rico, 1% were born in the US Virgin Islands, <1% were born in American Samoa, and 4% were born in an unknown
dependency
3
2004 data are preliminary
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
12
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 15. Males diagnosed with HIV infection by place of birth and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999 – 20041
Puerto Rico/
US US Dependency2 Non-US
N % N % N % Total
< 1999 12,526 80% 1,740 11% 1,443 9% 15,709
1999 673 74% 116 13% 125 14% 914
2000 539 68% 91 11% 167 21% 797
2001 459 66% 75 11% 161 23% 695
2002 455 65% 67 10% 178 25% 700
2003 436 70% 50 8% 140 22% 626
20043 418 71% 52 9% 117 20% 587
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Ninety-five percent of all people diagnosed with HIV infection in MA who were born in a US dependency were born in Puerto
Rico, 1% were born in the US Virgin Islands, <1% were born in American Samoa, and 4% were born in an unknown
dependency
3
2004 data are preliminary
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 16. Females diagnosed with HIV infection by place of birth and
year of diagnosis: Massachusetts, before 1999, 1999 – 20041
Puerto Rico/
US US Dependency2 Non-US
N % N % N % Total
< 1999 3,311 71% 697 15% 631 14% 4,639
1999 239 59% 48 12% 115 29% 402
2000 195 56% 31 9% 121 35% 347
2001 160 55% 35 12% 98 33% 293
2002 156 47% 34 10% 140 42% 330
2003 130 48% 35 13% 105 39% 270
20043 116 45% 36 14% 105 41% 257
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Ninety-five percent of all people diagnosed with HIV infection in MA who were born in a US dependency were born in Puerto
Rico, 1% were born in the US Virgin Islands, <1% were born in American Samoa, and 4% were born in an unknown
dependency
3
2004 data are preliminary
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
13
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 17. People Diagnosed with HIV Infection by Race/Ethnicity1
and Place of Birth: MA, 2002-20042
Puerto Rico/
US US Dependency3 Non-US Total
Race/Ethnicity: N % N % N % N
White NH 999 93% 4 <1% 76 7% 1,079
Black NH 422 47% 4 <1% 480 53% 906
Hispanic 244 35% 266 38% 186 27% 696
API 11 24% 0 0% 35 76% 46
1
Data for American Indian/Alaska Native and Other/Unknown race/ethnicity are not presented due to small numbers
2
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis;
3
Ninety-three percent of people diagnosed with HIV infection from 2002-2004 who were born in a US dependency were
born in Puerto Rico and 7% were born in an unknown US dependency
NH = Non-Hispanic, API = Asian/Pacific Islander
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of
7/1/05
Table 18. People diagnosed with HIV infection by gender and
race/ethnicity: Massachusetts, 2002-20041
Male Female State Total
Race/Ethnicity: N % N % N %
White NH 913 48% 166 19% 1,079 39%
Black NH 491 26% 415 48% 906 33%
Hispanic 455 24% 241 28% 696 25%
API 31 2% 15 2% 46 2%
AI/AN 2 <1% 2 <1% 4 <1%
Unknown 21 1% 18 2% 39 1%
Total 1,913 100% 857 100% 2,770 100%
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis; NH = Non-
Hispanic, API = Asian/Pacific Islander, AI/AN = American Indian/Alaska Native; Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance
Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding); Data as of 7/1/05
14
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 19. People diagnosed with HIV infection by gender and
exposure mode: Massachusetts, 2002-20041
Male Female State Total
Exposure Mode: N % N % N %
MSM 884 46% N/A N/A 884 32%
IDU 300 16% 141 16% 441 16%
MSM/IDU 57 3% N/A N/A 57 2%
HTSX 130 7% 217 25% 347 13%
Other 21 1% 15 2% 36 1%
Total Undetermined 521 27% 484 56% 1,005 36%
2
- Pres. HTSX 286 15% 356 42% 642 23%
3
- Undetermined 235 12% 128 15% 363 13%
Total 1,913 100% 857 100% 2,770 100%
1
Reflects year of HIV diagnosis among all individuals reported with HIV infection, with or without an AIDS diagnosis
2
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
3
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk, those lost to follow-up
MSM = Male-to-male sex, IDU = Injection Drug Use, HTSX = Heterosexual Sex, Pres. HTSX = Presumed Heterosexual Sex, NIR
= No Identified Risk, N/A = Not Applicable
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Who is infected with HIV but does not yet know?
(Concurrent Diagnoses)
Table 20. People diagnosed with HIV infection and AIDS within two
months and all people diagnosed with HIV infection by place of birth:
Massachusetts, 2002-2004
HIV and AIDS % Diagnosed with
Diagnosed within 2 All HIV Infection HIV and AIDS within
Months Diagnoses 2 Months
Place of Birth: N N %
US 422 1,711 25%
Puerto Rico/US Dependency1 74 274 27%
Non-US 289 785 37%
TOTAL 785 2,770 28%
1
Ninety-three percent of people diagnosed with HIV infection from 2002-2004 who were born in a US dependency were born in
Puerto Rico and 7% were born in an unknown US dependency
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
15
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
How have patterns of AIDS diagnoses changed over time?
Table 21. Reported AIDS cases, by race/ethnicity and year of
diagnosis: Massachusetts, 1985 - 20041
White NH Black NH Hispanic API AI/AN Total2
N % N % N % N % N % N
1985 155 69% 49 22% 21 9% 1 <1% 0 0% 226
1990 664 62% 235 22% 172 16% 4 <1% 2 <1% 1,079
1995 750 54% 310 22% 326 23% 5 <1% 5 <1% 1,399
1996 576 50% 297 26% 276 24% 7 1% 4 <1% 1,161
1997 407 44% 276 30% 221 24% 12 1% 0 0% 917
1998 412 43% 305 32% 230 24% 13 1% 0 0% 961
1999 406 44% 241 26% 253 28% 12 1% 2 <1% 915
2000 290 38% 245 32% 214 28% 18 2% 1 <1% 768
2001 291 42% 218 32% 171 25% 9 1% 1 <1% 690
2002 245 38% 221 34% 163 25% 13 2% 2 <1% 644
2003 201 38% 180 34% 143 27% 8 2% 0 0% 532
20041 202 39% 166 32% 150 29% 4 1% 1 <1% 523
1
2004 data are preliminary
2
Total includes people of unspecified race/ethnicity
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
16
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 22. Reported AIDS cases by exposure mode and year of
diagnosis: Massachusetts, 1985-20041
MSM/ Pres. Undeter- To-
Other
MSM IDU IDU HTSX HTSX2 mined3 tal
N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N
1985 142 63% 32 14% 12 5% 7 3% 13 6% 17 8% 3 1% 226
1990 479 44% 343 32% 45 4% 74 7% 58 5% 53 5% 27 3% 1,079
1995 436 31% 579 41% 63 5% 163 12% 36 3% 69 5% 53 4% 1,399
1996 353 30% 444 38% 36 3% 171 15% 34 3% 73 6% 50 4% 1,161
1997 243 26% 366 40% 34 4% 123 13% 22 2% 80 9% 49 5% 917
1998 255 27% 344 36% 28 3% 122 13% 18 2% 143 15% 51 5% 961
1999 227 25% 363 40% 25 3% 113 12% 4 <1% 156 17% 27 3% 915
2000 166 22% 264 34% 14 2% 129 17% 11 1% 149 19% 35 5% 768
2001 162 23% 205 30% 25 4% 107 16% 13 2% 134 19% 44 6% 690
2002 160 25% 175 27% 19 3% 102 16% 5 1% 132 20% 51 8% 644
2003 125 23% 145 27% 13 2% 78 15% 8 2% 106 20% 57 11% 532
20041 131 25% 128 24% 12 2% 57 11% 7 1% 117 22% 71 14% 523
1
2004 data are preliminary
2
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
3
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk and those lost to follow-up
MSM = male-to-male sex; IDU = injection drug use; MSM/IDU = male-to-male sex and injection drug use; HTSX = heterosexual sex;
Pres. HTSX = presumed heterosexual; NIR = No Identified Risk.
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Who is dying with HIV/AIDS and how has this changed over time?
The death data presented in this analysis includes all deaths among people reported
with HIV infection and those with AIDS in Massachusetts to present a full description of
trends in mortality among this population. This includes a small number of deaths from
non-HIV related causes such as drug overdoses, suicides, and motor vehicle crashes.
Therefore, the total number of annual deaths reported here will vary from the number of
HIV-related deaths reported in Massachusetts Deaths by the Massachusetts
Department of Public Health Center for Health Information, Statistics, Research and
Evaluation.
17
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 23. Deaths among persons reported with HIV infection (non-
AIDS) and AIDS by year of death: Massachusetts, 1985 - 20042
HIV AIDS Total HIV + AIDS
Year N N
1985 --1 119 --1
1990 --1 632 --1
1995 --1 1,184 --1
1996 --1 795 --1
1997 --1 388 --1
1998 --1 332 --1
1999 48 349 397
2000 39 335 374
2001 55 369 424
2002 60 316 376
2003 65 255 320
20042 58 269 327
1
HIV Reporting was implemented in 1999, therefore there are no data for deaths among people with HIV who did not progress to
AIDS during this time period.
2
2004 data are preliminary
Data Source MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
Table 24. Deaths among persons reported with HIV/AIDS by gender
and year of death: Massachusetts, 1999 - 2004
Male Female Total
Year N % N % N
1999 303 76% 94 24% 397
2000 271 72% 103 28% 374
2001 304 72% 120 28% 424
2002 270 72% 106 28% 376
2003 212 66% 108 34% 320
2004 246 75% 81 25% 327
Data Source MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
18
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 25. Deaths among persons reported with HIV/AIDS by
race/ethnicity and gender and year of death: Massachusetts, 1999 -
2004
Total: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
White NH 188 47% 189 51% 230 54% 174 46% 163 51% 166 51%
Black NH 97 24% 88 24% 116 27% 113 30% 83 26% 73 22%
Hispanic 107 27% 94 25% 77 18% 85 23% 72 23% 79 24%
API 2 1% 2 1% 0 0% 3 1% 1 <1% 5 2%
AI/AN 3 1% 1 <1% 1 <1% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total N1 397 100% 374 100% 424 100% 376 100% 320 100% 327 100%
Males: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
White NH 151 50% 149 55% 169 56% 135 50% 106 50% 133 54%
Black NH 72 24% 54 20% 77 25% 73 27% 51 24% 53 22%
Hispanic 76 25% 65 24% 57 19% 58 21% 53 25% 53 22%
API 2 1% 2 1% 0 0% 3 1% 1 <1% 5 2%
AI/AN 2 1% 1 <1% 1 <1% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total N1 303 100% 271 100% 304 100% 270 100% 212 100% 246 100%
Females: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
White NH 37 39% 40 39% 61 51% 39 37% 57 53% 33 41%
Black NH 25 27% 34 33% 39 33% 40 38% 32 30% 20 25%
Hispanic 31 33% 29 28% 20 17% 27 25% 19 18% 26 32%
API 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
AI/AN 1 1% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0% 0 0%
Total N1 94 100% 103 100% 120 100% 106 100% 108 100% 81 100%
1
Totals includes people of unknown race/ethnicity
NH=Non-Hispanic, API=Asian/Pacific Islander, AI/AN=American Indian/Alaska Native
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
19
The Massachusetts HIV/AIDS Epidemic at a Glance – Detailed Data Tables and Technical Notes
Table 26. Deaths among persons reported with HIV/AIDS by
exposure mode and gender and year of death: Massachusetts, 1999
- 2004
Total: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
MSM 72 18% 76 20% 91 21% 75 20% 58 18% 62 19%
IDU 213 54% 203 54% 219 52% 203 54% 169 53% 168 51%
MSM/IDU 18 5% 16 4% 20 5% 17 5% 13 4% 17 5%
HTSX 33 8% 25 7% 29 7% 35 9% 36 11% 25 8%
Other 14 4% 13 3% 7 2% 9 2% 6 2% 8 2%
Total Und. 47 12% 41 11% 58 14% 37 10% 38 12% 47 14%
1
• P. HTSX 30 8% 27 7% 29 7% 25 7% 20 6% 25 8%
2
• Und. 17 4% 14 4% 29 7% 12 3% 18 6% 22 7%
Total N 397 100% 374 100% 424 100% 376 100% 320 100% 327 100%
Males: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
MSM 72 24% 76 28% 91 30% 75 28% 58 27% 62 25%
IDU 159 52% 135 50% 138 45% 135 50% 105 50% 116 47%
MSM/IDU 18 6% 16 6% 20 7% 17 6% 13 6% 17 7%
HTSX 10 3% 4 1% 12 4% 10 4% 14 7% 13 5%
Other 11 4% 10 4% 2 1% 6 2% 3 1% 7 3%
Total Und. 33 11% 30 11% 41 13% 27 10% 19 9% 31 13%
1
• P. HTSX 17 6% 16 6% 15 5% 16 6% 13 6% 14 6%
2
• Und. 16 5% 14 5% 26 9% 11 4% 6 3% 17 7%
Total N 303 100% 271 100% 304 100% 270 100% 212 100% 246 100%
Females: 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
N % N % N % N % N % N %
MSM N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
IDU 54 57% 68 66% 81 68% 68 64% 64 59% 52 64%
MSM/IDU N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
HTSX 23 24% 21 20% 17 14% 25 24% 22 20% 12 15%
Other 3 3% 3 3% 5 4% 3 3% 3 3% 1 1%
Total Und. 14 15% 11 11% 17 14% 10 9% 19 18% 16 20%
1
• P. HTSX 13 14% 11 11% 14 12% 9 8% 7 6% 11 14%
2
• Und. 1 1% 0 0% 3 3% 1 1% 12 11% 5 6%
Total N 94 100% 103 100% 120 100% 106 100% 108 100% 81 100%
MSM=Male-to-male sex; IDU=Injection Drug Use; HTSX=Heterosexual Sex; Und.=Undetermined; P.=Presumed; N/A=Not
Applicable
1
Heterosexual sex with partners with unknown risk and HIV status
2
Includes those still being followed up for risk information, those who have died with no determined risk, and those lost to follow-
up
Data Source: MDPH HIV/AIDS Surveillance Program (percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding), Data as of 7/1/05
20
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