Sun Fire X4500 Server Architecture
A Technical White Paper June 2006 SunWIN Token # 472492
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Sun Microsystems, Inc.
© 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, CA 95054 USA All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers. Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, and Sun Fire are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.
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Table of Contents
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................. 5
Sun FireTM X4500 Server Overview................................................................................................................. 5
Architecture Overview..............................................................................................................................8 CPU Architecture................................................................................................................................... 10
AMD Opteron Processor.................................................................................................................................. CPU Packaging.......................................................................................................................................... Processor VRM........................................................................................................................................... Memory Architecture........................................................................................................................................ 10 11 11 11
I/O Subsystem....................................................................................................................................... 13
Sun Fire X4500 server I/O Subsystem Overview............................................................................................. 13 AMD 8000 Series Chipset............................................................................................................................... 13 AMD-8132TM HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel............................................................................................. 13 AMD-8111TM HyperTransport I/O Hub...................................................................................................... 14 Marvell 88SX6081 SATA II Storage Controller................................................................................................ 15 Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet Controllers..................................................................................... 16 ATI RageTM XL Video..................................................................................................................................... 17 SMSC LPC47B27 Super I/O Controller........................................................................................................... 18 PCI-X Expansion Slots.................................................................................................................................... 18 Sun Fire X4500 server PCI Expansion Slots................................................................................................... 19
Motherboard...........................................................................................................................................20
Hard Disk Drive Locations............................................................................................................................... 21 Hitachi Deskstar 7K250/7K500 Hard Disk Drive Series.................................................................................. 22 Disk Drive LED ............................................................................................................................................... 23
Cooling and Power................................................................................................................................ 24
Cooling............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Fans............................................................................................................................................................ 24 Power Supplies................................................................................................................................................ 25
ILOM: Integrated Lights Out Management............................................................................................ 26
ILOM Architecture............................................................................................................................................ 26 ILOM Software............................................................................................................................................ 28 In-Band Server Management Interfaces..................................................................................................... 28 Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)................................................................................................. 28 Out-of-Band Server Management Interfaces.............................................................................................. 28 Command Line Interface (CLI)................................................................................................................... 28 Lights Out Management (LOM)....................................................................................................................... 30 Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)....................................................................................... 30 IPMItool...................................................................................................................................................... 31 SNMP ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 Sun N1TM System Manager............................................................................................................................ 32
Software Operating System................................................................................................................... 33
Solaris Operating System Features................................................................................................................. Key Productivity Features........................................................................................................................... Manageability Features.............................................................................................................................. Interoperability............................................................................................................................................ Availability................................................................................................................................................... Advanced Networking................................................................................................................................. Solaris ZFS................................................................................................................................................. Included Software............................................................................................................................................ Sun Studio 11............................................................................................................................................. Solaris Provisioning................................................................................................................................... 33 33 34 34 34 34 34 35 36 36
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Solaris Live Upgrade Software................................................................................................................. 36 RealPlayer 10.6.......................................................................................................................................... 37 Solaris 10 OS Bundled Desktop Environments................................................................................................ 37 Common Desktop Environment (CDE) Enhancements........................................................................... 37 GNOME 2.6 Desktop Environment............................................................................................................. 37 Solaris OS Licensing and Usage..................................................................................................................... 38
Connector Pinouts................................................................................................................................. 39
USB............................................................................................................................................................ Serial.......................................................................................................................................................... 10/100 BaseT ............................................................................................................................................ 10/100/1000 BaseT ................................................................................................................................... SATA Pinout.................................................................................................................................................... VGA ........................................................................................................................................................... 39 39 40 40 41 42
Sun Fire X4500 server Rack Mounting Specifications...........................................................................43 Sun Fire X4500 Server Dimensions...................................................................................................... 44 Environmental and Regulatory Compliance.......................................................................................... 45
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Introduction
The Sun Fire X4500 Server defines a new category of server. A general purpose X64 server capable of running applications with enterprise-class reliability combined with high density storage in a small form factor. The Sun Fire X4500 server is the only x64 server that features up to 24 TB of internal disk storage in a 4RU form factor. Combining this storage capability with Solaris 10 OS, ultra fast multi-core high performance compute power, and a large networking bandwidth clearly creates a new category of server. The Sun Fire X4500 server is an unprec edented and cost-effective solution for many applications where cost, density, and performance needs are of pri mary concern. The Sun Fire X4500 server, Sun Microsystems' first data server, delivers leading compute power and storage density in a single integrated solution. As the latest member in Sun's x64 server family, the Sun Fire X4500 server combines the same compute performance, enterprise server RAS features and manageability features of the Sun Fire X4100 and X4200 servers with incredible on-board storage density providing fast access to data. The Sun Fire X4500 server is ideal for applications: 1. Where large amount of storage needs to be accessed at very high bandwidth, such as in high perfor mance computing (HPC) grid with a parallel file system. 2. Where applications are closely coupled to the data such as data analysis, searching, video recording and video streaming. 3. Where data has to be accessible online and the cost is the overriding consideration such as large archives of file data and virtual tape library. This covers a wide range of applications, ranging from E-mail archiving to the highest performance supercom puter installations. It also spans a wide range of vertical industries such as Finance, Manufacturing, Healthcare, Telcos, Internet service providers, Governments, EDU and Retail. The combination of a large amount of low-cost storage with a high-performance server in a small form factor is a powerful enabler for applications that so far were simply not cost-effective in traditional solutions. The cost of the deployments using SAN or NAS are simply out of reach of customers who are undergoing massive storage expansion for these targeted applications. The Sun Fire X4500 server, combined with the Solaris ZFS (zetabyte file system) 128-bit file system, provides virtu ally unlimited scalability, the highest-end end-to-end data integrity and near zero-administration. Solaris ZFS also provide the software Raid functionality with RAID 0,1, 0+1 and RAIDZ with 5 capabilities with minimal overhead.
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Sun Fire X4500 Server Overview
Today's IT managers need to stay ahead of the constant demand to store, process and distribute vast volumes of data cost effectively. They also need to generate a better return on assets, to reduce complexity and to sim plify systems management. However, costs continue to spiral upwards as more and more data is required to be kept online, the time to process and distribute data is a constant issue, and power, cooling and real-estate costs are getting out of control.
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Until now the only way to deploy applications requiring fast access to large data sets was to configure a server with storage arrays. This approach does not solve for cost, complexity, manageability or power and cooling. Sun is changing the landscape by introducing the first and only data server that combines a 4-way server with 24TB of data storage in a single integrated system. By integrating server and storage together complexity is dramati cally reduced while the incredible storage density allows data center managers to reclaim valuable floor space. Sun's focus on innovative system design is not only helping customers meet today's business needs but enabling them to deploy applications in ways that previously were not possible or cost effective to meet tomor row's needs. By integrating state of the art server and storage technologies, the Sun Fire X4500 server delivers the remark able performance of a 4-way Opteron server, the highest storage density available with up to 24TB in 4U (7 inches) of rack space, with incredibly high data throughput at very low cost. This approach allows customers to host their applications and data on a single integrated platform with breakthrough pricing of $2/GB. For applications that are driven by storage density, high bandwidth requirements, and lowest cost, the Sun Fire X4500 server delivers:
• • • •
The highest storage density available (2 to 5x traditional solutions) Incredibly high throughput rates (approximately 1GB/s from disks to network, 2GB/s to memory) Jaw dropping prices (1/2 cost of traditional solutions) Runs virtually any x86 application
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Figure Intro-1. Sun Fire X4500 server
The Sun Fire X4500 server features high-performance server engines with dual-socket, dual-core AMD Opteron CPUs and high density storage devices to meet the I/O server and storage requirements of various applications. The system also includes an extensive set of enterprise-class RAS (Reliability, Availability, and Serviceability) features that reduce hidden serviceability costs by dramatically simplifying system maintenance. The Sun Fire X4500 server also features redundant, hot-swappable disk drives; redundant, hot-swappable fan modules; redundant, hot-pluggable AC power supplies to enable increased availibility and simplified serviceability. In addition, the Sun Fire X4500 server provides Remote Lights Out Server Management, including Remote Keyboard, Video, Mouse, and Storage (RKVMS); remote boot; and remote software upgrades using the Integrated Lights Out Manager (ILOM) Service Processor.
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Chapter 1
Architecture Overview
Sun Fire X4500 server is a high-performance, four-way server with two AMD Opteron dual-core processors. It supports up to 16 GB memory (using eight 2-GB DIMMs) and 48 directly-attached hot-plug Serial ATA (SATA) drives. Cooling is accomplished with internal fans that direct airflow from the front to the back of the chassis. I/O ports are located on the rear panel, with additional dual USB ports on the front panel. Access to the power connections is at the rear of the server. Hard drives are accessible from the top of the server when pulling the chassis out from the front. The Sun Fire X4500 server also provides the following system architecture features: • Embedded single-channel DDR memory controllers on each CPU. These provide maximum memory capacity and bandwidth scaling, delivering up to 16 GB of capacity and 12.8 GB/sec. of aggregated bandwidth with 2 CPUs and 8 2-GB DIMMs. • AMD Direct Connect Architecture that directly connects: CPU-to-CPU with Coherent HyperTransportTM links, delivering 8 GB/sec. aggregate bandwidth per link; CPU-to-I/O with non-Coherent HyperTransport links, delivering 6.4 GB/sec. aggregate bandwidth per link; CPU-to-memory using the integrated DDR controller; and CPU cores to each other on the same die (in dual-core processors.) • Two PCI-X slots to deliver high-performance I/O with over 8.5 Gigabits per second (Gbps) of I/O plug-in bandwidth. • Two Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet Controllers serving four GBit network ports. • Six Marvell 88SX6081 SATA II storage controllers, connecting to 48 high-performance SATA disk drives. • Embedded management and legacy I/O, offering maximum operational flexibility without compromising PCI-X slots for optional features.
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Figure 1-1: Sun Fire X4500 server Architecture Block Diagram
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Chapter 2
CPU Architecture
The Sun Fire X4500 server features two AMD Opteron 285 (2.6 GHz) dual-core processors. Each processor contains an integrated memory controller supporting a 128-bit-wide path to memory and three 16x16-bit Hyper Transport links. Each HyperTransport link runs at 1 GHz and is clocked on both edges of the clock pulse, allow ing for a maximum of 4 GB/sec. (1.6 GB/sec., 2 bytes wide) throughput in each direction (8 GB/sec. aggregate data rate bidirectionally and 24.0 GB/sec. peak bandwidth per processor). Memory support is for registered DDR400 184-pin SDRAM DIMMs, four DIMM slots per CPU, accessed in pairs with an available memory band width up to 6.4 GB/sec. (with PC3200) per processor. The maximum memory capacity supported is 2 GB per DIMM with a total of 16 GB of memory per system.
AMD Opteron Processor
From the start, AMD64 processors were designed to add a second core—the port has always existed on the crossbar/SRI. Dual-core AMD Opteron processors have unique instances of L1 cache (I-cache and D-cache) and L2 cache for each CPU. Features of the Dual-Core AMD Opteron processor in the Sun Fire X4500 server include: • 2 Dual-Core AMD Opteron 200 Series processors • x64 architecture (64-bit extensions) with AMD Direct Connect Architecture using HyperTransport Technology • Native support for 32-bit x86 ISA, SSE, SSE2, MMX, and 3DNow! • Three HyperTransport links supporting up to 8 GB/sec. of direct inter-processor bandwidth and up to 6.4 GB/sec. of bandwidth to PCI-X bridges • ECC protection for L1 data cache, L2 unified cache, and DRAM with hardware scrubbing of all ECC protected arrays • CPU L1 Instruction cache: 64 KB 2-way associative, parity protected with advanced branch prediction • CPU L1 Data cache: 64KB 2-way associative, ECC protected • Two 64-bit operations per cycle, 3-cycle latency • CPU L2 cache: 1 MB 16-way associative, ECC protected • Exclusive cache architecture storage, in addition to L1 caches • 256 TB of memory address space • One die with 2 CPU cores • Individual L1 Instruction cache per CPU core • Individual L1 Data cache per CPU core • Individual 1 MB L2 cache per CPU core • Shared memory controller and HyperTransport interconnects for 2 cores • Fully utilized memory and HyperTransport bandwidths
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Figure 2-1: Dual-Core AMD Opteron Processor Architecture
CPU Packaging
AMD Opteron processor packaging specifications include: • 940-pin lidded organic micro PGA • 1.27 mm pin pitch • 31 x 31 row pin array • 40 mm x 40 mm organic substrate • Organic C4 die attachment • 16.5 mm x 11.3 mm die size
Processor VRM
Each processor receives core voltage input from an individual Voltage Regulator Module (VRM). The VRMs reg ulate the system current and voltage according to the VID (Voltage Identification) code output by the CPU pack age. The VRM is a DC-to-DC point-of-load convertor specified for +12 Volt input and programmable 80 Amp out put.
Memory Architecture
Each CPU includes a low-latency, high-bandwidth, integrated memory controller. Memory access latencies are reduced compared to traditional Intel front-side, bus-based memory controllers. Up to four ECC Registered DDR400 memory modules per CPU are supported. The AMD Opteron processor's memory controller works in 64-bit or 128-bit mode ECC operation. For best performance, 128-bit ECC operation mode is recommended. To run in 128-bit mode, DIMMs should be populated in pairs so that they occupy one-half of the AMD Opteron pro cessor's 128-bit controller interface. The controller supports 1 bit per byte ECC and supports DDR400 (PC3200) registered DDR SDRAM modules.
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Figure 2-2: Sun Fire X4500 server Memory DIMM Slots
The Sun Fire X4500 server has 4 DDR DIMM slots per CPU that are color-coded white and black to indicate population order. White equals 0 and 1, while black equals 2 and 3; the white pair is first. LED fault indicators controlled by the ILOM Service Processor provide the ability to easily identify failed DIMM modules. Other features of the Sun Fire X4500 server memory architecture include: • Dedicated on-die 128-bit wide DDR memory controller • Memory bandwidth up to 6.4 GB/sec. @ DDR400 • Under 80 ns latency • Registered ECC DDR400 (PC3200) supported • 256 MB to 2 GB low-profile (1.2 inch/3.05 cm) DIMM support • Up to 16 GB with 8 2GB DIMMs, 4 DIMM slots per CPU • Single supply (2.50 VDC) • Standard SPD (VCC-SPD=3.3V)
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Chapter 3
I/O Subsystem
Sun Fire X4500 server I/O Subsystem Overview
The Sun Fire X4500 server I/O subsystem is connected to the CPU complex through a HyperTransport link from the boot processor. The I/O subsystem consists of the following components: • Five tunneling HyperTransport bridges (AMD-8132 HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnels) • A HyperTransport attached Southbridge component (AMD-8111 HyperTransport I/O Hub) • Flash memory for the BIOS • Additional motherboard embedded peripheral I/O consisting of: • Six Marvell SATA II Storage Controllers, each pair attached to one of the AMD-8121 PCI-X Tunnels on a shared bus with dual PCI-X slots • Two 10/100/1000 dual Gigabit Ethernet MAC/PHY devices (Intel FW82546 GB NIC) • A video controller device attached to the PCI bus of the Southbridge (ATI Rage XL) • A Super I/O device connecting the Service Processor to the AMD-8111 chip
AMD 8000 Series Chipset
The AMD 8000 series chipset consists of: • HyperTransport interconnects (previously discussed) • AMD-8132TM HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel • AMD-8111TM HyperTransport I/O Hub
AMD-8132TM HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel
The AMD-8132 HyperTransport PCI-X®2.0 tunnel provides two PCI-X bridges supporting DDR transfer rates. The AMD-8132 tunnel is compliant with HyperTransport™ I/O Link Specification, Rev 2.0, including errata up to specification Rev 1.05c. The package is a 31 x 31 millimeter, 829 ball, flip-chip organic Ball Grid Array. The core is 1.2 volts. Power dissipation is 8 watts. AMD-8132 features include: • HyperTransport tunnel with side 0 16-bit input/16-bit output and side 1 16-bit input/output. • Either side of the tunnel can connect to the host or to a downstream HyperTransport-technologycompliant device. • Each side of the tunnel supports HyperTransport-technology-defined reduced bit widths: 8-bit, 4-bit, and 2-bit. • Each side supports transfer rates of 2000, 1600, 1200, 1000, 800, and 400 mega-bits per second per wire. • Maximum bandwidth of 8 gigabytes per second across each side (half upstream and half downstream). • Independent transfer rate for each side and each direction. • Independent bit width selection for each side and each direction.
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• • •
Link disconnect protocol support. HyperTransport interrupt control support. 64-bit address support.
PCI-X® Features: • Two PCI-X bridges: bridge A and bridge B. • Each bridge supports a 64-bit data bus. • Each bridge supports operational Modes 1 and 2 of PCI-X and conventional PCI protocol. • In PCI-X Mode 2, bridges support transfer rates of 266 and 200 MHz. • In PCI-X Mode 1, bridges support transfer rates of 133, 100, 66, and 50 MHz. • In PCI mode, bridges support transfer rates of 66, 50, 33, and 25 MHz. • Independent transfer rates and operational modes for each bridge. • Each bridge includes support for up to 5 PCI masters with clock, request, and grant signals. • Each bridge includes a HyperTransport™ technology compliant interrupt controller. Legacy interrupt controller and IOAPIC (I/O Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller) modes are also supported. • Each bridge can receive PCI device interrupts via INTA/B/C/D pins or via MSI/MSI-X transactions. • SHPC-compliant hot-plug controller and support. • PCI-X Mode 2, 1.5 V link signaling. PCI-X Mode 1, 3.3 V link signaling. PCI, 3.3 V link signaling.
Figure 3-1: AMD-8132 HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel Architecture Block Diagram
AMD-8111TM HyperTransport I/O Hub
The AMD-8111 HyperTransport I/O Hub is a HyperTransport-attached Southbridge device that provides several I/O blocks supporting basic peripherals and support functions to the system. It supports total bandwidth up to 800 MB/sec., using 8-bit HyperTransport input and output links running simultaneously with a 200 MHz (double pumped) clock. Multiple bit widths, including eight bits, four bits, and two bits (input and output) are supported by the hub. The AMD-8111 HyperTransport I/O Hub provides integrated system I/O and peripheral support and offers the
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following features: • 8-bit 200-MHz upstream HyperTransport link • 10/100 Ethernet MAC (not used) • Dual EIDE CD-ROM controller (only one is used) • AC'97 audio (not used) • Six USB 1.1 ports (3 connected to SP for virtualized remote keyboard, mouse, and storage, 3 used for I/O) • PC I/O functions (RTC, CMOS, PIT, DMAC, and port control) • IOAPIC register • PCI 32/33 interface (8 arbiters) used for the ATI Rage XL video • Low pin count (LPC) legacy bus • SMBus 1.0 and 2.0 controllers • ACPI register set and support logic • 35 x 35 mm, 492-Pin BGA package • 1.8-V Core; 3.3-V Output Drivers; 5-V Tolerant Input Buffers
Figure 3-2: AMD-8111 HyperTransport PCI-X Tunnel Architecture Block Diagram
Marvell 88SX6081 SATA II Storage Controller
Serial ATA (SATA) technology offers manufacturing efficiencies and extensive performance gains for the main stream PC-storage user. With a transfer rate of 1.5 Gigabits per second (Gbps) and scalable to 3.0 and 6.0 Gbps, SATA technology also allows enterprise storage applications to use a more cost-effective storage inter face than the more expensive interface technologies, such as Fibre Channel and SCSI, that have been required until now. The Marvell family of Serial ATA offerings provides storage OEMs with an ideal platform for develop ing mainstream PC storage and high-performance enterprise subsystems and arrays. The 88SX6081 device is a Marvell third-generation high-performance PCI/PCI-X to 8-port Serial-ATA II (SATA II) storage controller. The 88SX6081 device interfaces with PCI-X connection and contains eight Serial-ATA II
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ports. Features of the Marvell 88SX6081 include: • Marvell 3 Gbps (Gen2i)SATA PHY • SATA II power management compliance • SATA II Device Hot-Swap compliance • Low power consumption • The PCI/PCI-X features include: • PCI-X interface up to 133 MHz • Support for 64-bit addressing via dual address cycle (DAC) transactions • Compliance with PCI Power Management (PMG) interface Specification 1.0 and PC2001 • Message Signal Interrupt (MSI) support • PCI Plug-and-Play support • 3.3V I/Os, 5V tolerant
•
The Serial ATA II features include: • 8-port SATA II • Compliance with SATA II phase 1 specifications • Support for SATA II phase 2 advanced features • 3 Gbps (Gen2i) SATA II speed • Port Multiplier (PM) • Support for 48-bit addressing • First party DMA (FPDMA) full support • Support for both ATA Tag Command Queuing and SATA Native Command Queuing • Enhanced-DMA (EDMA) per SATA port • 1-KB buffer for read and write transactions per SATA II port • Read ahead • Advanced drive diagnostics via the ATA SMART command
Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet Controllers
Sun Fire X4500 server is equipped with two Intel 82546 GB Dual-Port Gigabit Ethernet controllers that provide quad Gigabit Ethernet interfaces to the server platform. These servers are the first x64 rack-optimized servers available with four on-board Gigabit Ethernet ports to reduce network complexity. The Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet controller provides two 64-bit fully integrated Gigabit Ethernet Media Access Control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) functions. It is capable of transmitting and receiving data at a rate of 10/100/1000 MB/sec. with half- or full-duplex capability. Additional features of the Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet controller include: • 802.3ab PHY compliance and compatibility (CAT-5 use) • 802.3ab auto-negotiation • 802.3x full-duplex flow control • 802.9q VLAN tag insertion, stripping, and packet filtering
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•
Preboot eXecution Environment (PXE) Flash Interface support (32- and 64-bit)
Figure 3-3: Intel 82546GB Dual Port Gigabit Ethernet Controller Architecture Block Diagram
ATI RageTM XL Video
The Sun Fire X4500 server uses the ATI RageTM XL graphics controller to deliver 2D and 3D graphics accelera tion. The DVI port is connected to the service processor for remote graphics redirection. The ATI Rage XL has the following features: • 64-bit 125 MHz memory clock • 8 MB external memory • 64-bit SDR (SDRAM/SGRAM) memory path • 64-bit AGP/PCI bus • Integrated TMDS: DVI, DFP and VESA P&D interface • Support for 24bit TTL • 1600x1200 maximum resolution • 16.7M maximum color depth • 1024x768 TMDS
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Figure 3-4: ATI Rage XL Architecture Block Diagram
SMSC LPC47B27 Super I/O Controller
The Super I/O controller offers the multiple I/O functions required to provide legacy I/O devices to the operating environment. On the Sun Fire X4500 server, it provides for a floppy disk and a serial port connection between the Service Processor and the AMD-8111 chip.
PCI-X Expansion Slots
There are two defined card lengths for low profile PCI expansion cards: MD1 and MD2. MD1 defines the shortest 32-bit card length available, which is 4.721 inches (119.91 mm). MD2 defines the maximum length of low profile PCI card available, which is 6.600 inches (167.64 mm). Any low profile PCI card that is longer that the MD1 defi nition but shorter than the MD2 definition is considered to be an MD2 form factor. The two card lengths enable system designers to support either all low profile PCI cards, including MD1 and MD2, or MD1 cards only.
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Sun Fire X4500 server PCI Expansion Slots
The Sun Fire X4500 server has 2 PCI-X expansion slots. When viewing the server from the rear, PCI 0 is the left slot and PCI 1 is the right slot. Both slots are capable of 32 or 64-bit operation and support low-profile MD2 PCI or PCI-X expansion cards. Both PCI-X slots connect to the same AMD-8232 PCI-X Tunnel. Each slot has a max imum operational speed of 133 MHz. The PCI slots on the Sun Fire X4500 server use a 3.3 Volt signaling bus. Therefore, they support only 3.3 Volt keyed MD2 expansion cards. The use of 5 Volt keyed expansion cards is not supported and will result in dam age to the motherboard.
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Chapter 4
Motherboard
All control and datapath functionality, with the exception of the disk connectors, resides on the motherboard. The Sun Fire X4500 server motherboard was designed in two halves, connecting to each other via four mezzanine connectors. The top half of the motherboard is the CPU board, which consists of two sockets for AMD Opteron processors, interconnected through AMD's HyperTransport technology, and eight DIMM slots. The bottom half of the motherboard is the I/O Subsystem board, which consists of five AMD 8132 Hyper Transport to PCI-X bridge chips, six Marvell SATA II Storage Controllers, two Intel Dual Gigabit network interface controllers, an AMD 8111 Hyper Transport I/O HUB, and peripherals. There are also HyperTransport links to the PCI-X bridges and the Southbridge. All external connections, with the exception of power, disks, and front panel I/O, come into the motherboard.
Figure 4-1: Sun Fire X4500 server Motherboard Block Diagram
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Hard Disk Drive Locations
Hard disk drive locations are numbered sequentially from 0 to 47, starting at the front left corner and increment ing left to right and front to rear. The nomenclature for the locations is DISKn, where n is the location number.
SYSTEM REAR
PS-1
PS-0
DISK36
DISK37
DISK38
DISK39
DISK40
DISK41
DISK42
DISK43
DISK44
DISK45 DISK33 DISK21 DISK9
DISK46 DISK34 DISK10 DISK22
DISK24
DISK25
DISK26
DISK27
DISK28
DISK29
DISK30
DISK31
DISK32
SYSTEM FRONT
Figure 4-2: Hard-Disk Drive Locations
DISK11
DISK0
DISK1
DISK2
DISK3
DISK4
DISK5
DISK6
DISK7
DISK8
DISK23
DISK12
DISK13
DISK14
DISK15
DISK16
DISK17
DISK18
DISK19
DISK20
DISK35
DISK47
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Hitachi Deskstar 7K500 Hard Disk Drive Series
The Sun Fire X4500 server is shipped with either the Hitachi Deskstar 7K500, which have capacities of 500 GB. General features of the Hitachi Deskstar 7K500 include: • Data capacities of 500 GB for model 7K500 • Spindle speeds of 7200 RPM • Fluid Dynamic Bearing motor • Enhanced IDE interface / Serial ATA interface • Sector format of 512 bytes/sector • Closed-loop actuator servo • Load/Unload mechanism, non head disk contact start/stop • Automatic Actuator lock • Interleave factor 1:1 • Seek time of 8.2 ms typical (without Command Overhead) • Sector Buffer size of 8192KB for PATA, 8192/16384 KB for SATA (Upper 282 KB is used for firmware) • Ring buffer implementation • Write Cache • Native command queuing support (NCQ) • Advanced ECC On The Fly (EOF) • Automatic Error Recovery procedures for read and write commands • Self Diagnostics on Power on and resident diagnostics • DMA Data Transfer • Multiword mode Mode 2 (16.6 MB/sec.) • Ultra DMA Mode 6 (133 MB/sec.) • Serial ATA Data Transfer 3 Gbps • CHS and LBA mode • Power saving modes/Low RPM idle mode (APM) • S.M.A.R.T. (Self Monitoring and Analysis Reporting Technology) • Support security feature • Quiet Seek mode (AAM) • 48-bit addressing feature • Adaptive BPI • RVS(Rotational Vibration Safeguard) • ATA-7 compliant • UDMA133 support • Streaming feature set support • World Wide NameDisk Drive Status Each hard disk drive has a sensor that is used to communicate the requested state for the slot. The hard disk drives use IPMI Type 0x21 Sensors.
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Table 4-3: Disk Drive Status Sensors
State 0 1 2 3
Event Device Not Present Device Installed
Description The drive bay is empty. The drive is detected. Used by remote management applications.
Ready for Device Removal A drive is unmounted and ready to be physically removed. Controls the OK to Remove LED. Device Faulted Causes the service processor to illuminate the individual disk drive fault LED.
Disk Drive LED
Inside the Sun Fire X4500 server chassis there are three LEDs for each of the 48 hard disk drives: one for the Activity LED (green), one for the Fault LED (amber) and the third for the "OK to remove" LED (blue). The individual LED locator can be used to control both the fault and removal LEDs through an IPMI OEM com mand. The service processor handles all aspects of the fault and removes LEDs automatically based on events in the disk drive sensors.
Table 4-4: Disk Drive LED Indicators
LED Green Amber Blue
Event Disk drive activity Hard disk drive failure Hard disk drive ready for removal
Description Controlled by hardware. Does not require SP interaction. Controlled by the SP over the SP-12C bus. Relies on the operating system driver to set appropriately. Controlled by the SP over the SP-12C bus. The operating system determines that the drive has been halted and is ready to be removed.
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Chapter 5
Cooling and Power
Typical heat dissipation and power consumption metrics for a Sun Fire X4500 server equipped with 2 Dual-Core AMD Opteron processors and 16 GB RAM are as follows: • Maximum Power: 3,000 W with two power supplies • Typical Power Consumption: 1000 W • Heat Dissipation: 3412 BTU/hr • Ambient Temperature: 5 to 32 degrees C • 220 VAC input
Cooling
The chassis of the Sun Fire X4500 server is designed with front-to-back air cooling.
Fans
Fan tray locations are numbered sequentially from 0 to 4, incrementing from left to right. The nomenclature used for the locations is FTn, where n is the location number. Within each fan tray, the fans are numbered sequentially from 0 to 1, starting at the lowest location. The nomenclature used for fan locations is FANn, where n is the loca tion number.
Figure 5-1: Airflow Diagram of Sun Fire X4500 server
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Cooling fans in the Sun Fire X4500 server are positioned just behind the front bezel. They are hot-swappable and each fan module has an LED fault indicator. The fans are accessible from the top of the server, when look ing at the chassis from the front. This enables the fans to be accessed without interrupting system operation. Additionally, it makes it possible to service fans by partially removing the server from the rack, allowing all cabling to remain in place.
Fan Tray
Front view
Back view
Figure 5-2: Removable Cooling Fan Tray
Fan speed is monitored by the Service Processor. The Service Processor senses the fan speed and turns the fan fault LED on if the RPM are under a pre-set threshold.
Power Supplies
The Sun Fire X4500 server is powered by dual redundant hot-swappable power supplies. The power supplies have the following features: • 1500 Watts DC output • 180 – 264VAC (47-63Hz) Autodetect • Operating Temperature: +5 to + 50 degrees C • Storage Temperature: -40 to +70 degrees C • Operating Relative Humidity: 5 to 95% non-condensing • Storage Relative Humidity: 95% n-condensing • Cooling: Two internal fans, wh Fan Fail and Fan Speed Control
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Chapter 6
ILOM: Integrated Lights Out Management
The Service Processor provides Integrated Lights Out Management (ILOM). ILOM enables several in-band and out-of-band management solutions. In-band management through the host operating system is enabled by IPMI (Intelligent Platform Management Interface) and SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) OS-resident agents. Out-of-band management is enabled through the serial port or dedicated Ethernet. A command line interface (CLI) is provided for out-of-band, serial-port connectivity. Dedicated Ethernet connectivity to out-of-band management includes: • Web interface • CLI via SSH • IPMI 2.0 • SNMP v1, v2c, and v3
ILOM Architecture
The ILOM daughtercard is a Sun-designed Field Replaceable Unit (FRU). The ILOM card is mounted on the Graphic card and share the same PCI-X slot with the Graphic card. The ILOM daughtercard has the following features: • Motorola MPC 8272 PowerPC processor • 32-bit 266 MHz • 16 KB 4-way associative data cache • 16 KB 4-way associative instruction cache • 64-bit data bus • 66 MHz PCI bridge • 64 MB PC-133 MHz SDRAM • 16-bit 32 MB Flash ROM • DVI output • USB connections to AMD-8111 I/O Hub • LPC (Low Pin Count) connection to AMD-8111 I/O Hub • 10/100 MB Integrated LAN • 3 serial ports (Debug, RS485, external) • Half-size standard PCI form factor The ILOM daughtercard is independent of the operating system. Through the management network interface, the ILOM daughtercard provides a remote connection to devices located on the main system board. The Video Graphics Array (VGA) output port is connected to the ATI Rage XL via FPGA to enable remote graphics redirec tion from ILOM with a maximum VGA resolution of 1024 x 768. One USB 1.1 connection to the AMD-8111 I/O Hub is used to provide remote keyboard and mouse functionality. One USB 2.0 connection to the USB 2.0 Con troller is used for remote storage functionality. The ILOM daughtercard provides a LPC (Low Pin Count) connec
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tion to the AMD-8111 I/O Hub via FPGA. The 10/100 MB Ethernet is connected to the on-board Broadcom BCM5221 10/100 Ethernet controller, which automatically detects straight or cross-over Ethernet cables. Fur thermore, the external serial port is multiplexed with the main system serial port for access to the ILOM CLI and system console using serial port redirection or Serial-Over-LAN (SOL).
Graphic Card and ILOM Card ILOM Card Top View
Graphic Card
ILOM Card Bottom View
Figure 6-1: Graphic card and ILOM Daughtercard
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ILOM Software
ILOM is an IPMI 2.0-compliant Baseboard Management Controller (BMC) that implements Lights Out Manage ment (LOM), including Remote Keyboard, Video, Mouse, and Storage (RKVMS); a Web management interface; a command line interface (CLI); and SNMP. The ILOM software includes the following: • Embedded, hardened Linux OS • IPMI 2.0 BMC • Platform Control agents diagnostics software • RKVMS The ILOM and BIOS firmware are easily upgraded using a single 11 MB file to upgrade both. The firmware upgrade can be performed either by command line interface or Web interface.
In-Band Server Management Interfaces
Server management through the platform operating system in a Sun Fire X4500 server is possible using either IPMI with a Keyboard Controller Style (KCS) interface and an IPMI kernel driver or by using SNMP-OS-resident agents. IPMI 2.0 and SNMP v1, v2c, and v3 are the supported standards used to perform autonomous platform management functions.
Baseboard Management Controller (BMC)
ILOM and its controlling firmware are together referred to as the Base Management Controller (BMC), which is the core of the IPMI structure. Tightly integrating IPMI BMC and management software with platform firmware facilitates a total management solution.
Out-of-Band Server Management Interfaces
Server management through the ILOM service processor in a Sun Fire X4500 server is possible through serial port access or a dedicated Ethernet connection. Serial port connectivity to ILOM provides direct console access to the command line interface (CLI) and to the system console stream via serial port redirection, i.e., serial-overLAN. The dedicated Ethernet interface offers ILOM connectivity via a Web interface along with a CLI via SSH, IPMI 2.0, and SNMP v1, v2c, and v3.
Command Line Interface (CLI)
The ILOM command line interface is accessible either by connection to the serial port or the dedicated Ethernet connection via Secure Shell (SSH) on a Sun Fire X4500 server. The CLI is designed to follow the Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) Command Line Protocol (CLP). The core of the model for the DMTF CLP is a hierarchical objects namespace where an object in the namespace is a target to a command. There are two namespaces that an SP can reference: its own namespace, whose root is /SP, and the overall system namespace, whose root is /SYS. The purpose of the /SP namespace is to repre
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sent configuration and state for the SP. The primary purpose of the /SYS namespace is to allow access to sen sors and other information about system hardware by the SP.
Table 6-1: Distributed Management Task Force Command Line Protocol Concepts
Concept Object namespace Command verbs Object properties Options
Description There is a large namespace of objects to describe the targets for each command. There are a small number of command verbs that operate on those objects. An object may have one or more properties, or parameters. A command may have options that modify or clarify its operation.
Examples CLI user, an SNMP trap, or an alert rule Command verbs are simple and include create, delete, set, show, start, and stop a user ID object has a password and roles properties The DMTF CLP lists several options that must be supported by all commands.
ILOM command syntax Not all commands require options, a target, or properties to be specified.
Web Interface
The ILOM Web interface for the Sun Fire X4500 server provides the same functionality as the command line interface and supports both secure (https) and non-secure (http) access. Secure access is the default. The Web interface is organized into five main functions: • System Information • System Monitoring • Configuration • Remote Controller • Maintenance
Remote Keyboard, Video, Mouse, and Storage (RKVMS)
Remote Keyboard, Video, Mouse, and Storage (RKVMS) features are accessible through the ILOM Web inter face. Remote video display is accomplished through the Java Console which is a Java Web Start application. Java Console is downloaded from ILOM to the management console machine and executed locally. It does not run on the server, so it does not put overhead on the host. Java Console is used to redirect the BIOS and setup screens as well as all other platform video output. It provides a true remote video console to the management console by handling the input and output to and from virtual devices and the Sun Fire server. Video displays of eight and 16 bits are supported up to 1024 x 768. Java Console requires the installation of Java Runtime Envi ronment 5.0 on the management console. The USB 1.1 port connecting the ILOM service processor and the AMD-8111 I/O Hub enables the remote func tionality of keyboard and mouse. The USB 2.0 port connected via the system USB 2.0 controller is used for remote storage components. The remote devices are presented to the Sun Fire X4500 server by Java Console and ILOM as virtualized local devices. Java Console captures keyboard and mouse input on the management console and directs it to the service pro
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cessor (SP) card. The SP card then transmits these keyboard and mouse inputs over the USB ports to the AMD8111 I/O Hub and to the Sun Fire X4500 server. The Sun Fire X4500 server interprets these inputs as originating from local USB devices. Java Console is also capable of presenting remote bootable storage to the SP card and the Sun Fire X4500 server. The remote storage can be either physical storage devices or bootable media image files on the hard drive. Several types of remote storage are supported: • CD/DVD-ROM • Floppy • CD/DVD-ROM image (.iso files) • Floppy image (.img files) When the Sun Fire X4500 server attempts to access a Virtual Floppy or Virtual CD-ROM as set up in the BIOS, ILOM redirects this access request to the JavaRConsole. JavaRConsole then accesses the virtual disk content from the management console's physical CD/DVD-ROM drive, physical floppy drive, or a disk image on the hard drive. ILOM virtualizes this remote storage to the Sun Fire server using the USB ports connected to the AMD8111 I/O Hub. The Virtualized storage is recognized by the Sun Fire server as local-USB-connected storage and enables remote operating system boot-up and installation.
Figure 6-2: Illustration of RKVMS Functionality
Lights Out Management (LOM)
Lights Out Management is performed on the Sun Fire X4500 server through IPMItool, a command-line utility for controlling IPMI-enabled devices.
Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI)
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Platform management refers to the autonomous monitoring, logging, recovery, and inventory control features implemented in hardware and firmware. The key differentiator of Intelligent Platform Management is that these functions are independent of the main CPU, BIOS, and OS. There are two major components of platform man agement: the Service Processor (or BMC) and System Management Software (SMS). Intelligent Platform Man agement capabilities are a key component in providing enterprise-class management for high-availability sys tems. Platform status information can be obtained and recovery actions initiated under situations in which sys tem management software and normal in-band management mechanisms are unavailable. The Service Processor is the brain behind platform management. Its primary purpose is to provide autonomous sensor monitoring and event logging. Typical sensor-related events are out-of-range temperature or voltage and fan failure. When an event occurs, it is noted in the system event log and made available to SMS. The Service Processor is powered by the power supply stand-by voltage and will function even when the server is powered down or the operating system has crashed. This allows platform status to be obtained and recovery initiated under situations in which in-band delivery mechanisms are unavailable. In modern systems, the Intelligent Plat form Management Interface (IPMI) provides a hardware-level interface specification for monitoring and control functions. It defines a standard, abstract, message-based interface between the BMC and SMS and a common set of commands for operations such as accessing sensor values, setting thresholds, logging events, and con trolling a watchdog timer. IPMI messages can be used to communicate with the BMC over serial and LAN inter faces, so software designed for in-band (local) management can be re-used for out-of-band (remote) manage ment simply by changing the low-level communications layer.
IPMItool
IPMItool is a simple command-line interface to systems that support the IPMI v2.0 specification. IPMItool pro vides the ability to read the sensor data repository and print sensor values, display the contents of the system event log, print field-replaceable unit information, read and set LAN configuration parameters, and perform remote chassis power control. IPMItool was originally written to take advantage of IPMI-over-LAN interfaces but is also capable of using the system interface as provided by a Linux kernel device driver such as OpenIPMI or a Solaris(TM) driver called the BMC driver, which is included in Solaris 10. IPMItool is available under a BSD-com patible license. System Management Software (SMS)is generally complex and is only part of a much larger man agement picture. However, system administrators and developers can use command-line tools scripting to man age these complex systems. IPMItool takes a different approach to SMS and provides a completely commandline oriented tool. It is not designed to replace the OpenIPMI library. Where possible, IPMItool supports printing comma-separated values for output to facilitate parsing by other scripts or programs. It is designed to run quick command-response functions that can be as simple as turning the system on or off, or as complex as reading in the sensor data records and extracting and printing detailed sensor information for each record.
SNMP
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) provides remote access by SNMP-compliant entities to monitor and control network devices and to manage configurations, statistics collection, performance, and security on a network. SNMP is a network management protocol used almost exclusively in TCP/IP networks. The Sun Fire X4500 server provides SNMP MIBs (Management Information Base) to manage and monitor the servers using any SNMP-capable network management system, such as HP OpenView Network Node Manager (NNM), Tivoli,
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CA Unicenter, or IBM Director. The MIB data describes the information being managed, reflects current and recent server status, and provides server statistics. The ILOM supports SNMP v1, v2c, and v3. SNMP v3 is enabled by default; v1 and v2c will be disabled by default. SNMP sets may be enabled and disabled and are disabled by default. SNMP traps can be generated from within the SP. An IPMI-specific trap, called a Platform Event Trap (PET), may also be generated. The following SNMP MIBs are supported: • The system group and SNMP group from the RFC1213 MIB • SNMP-FRAMEWORK-MIB • SNMP-USER-BASED-SM-MIB • SNMP-MPD-MIB • ENTITY-MIB • SUN-PLATFORM-MIB
Sun N1TM System Manager
As the number of systems proliferates in an organization, the complexities of managing the infrastructure through its life cycle becomes increasingly demanding. A server may need to be re-provisioned many times dur ing its lifetime. Once provisioned, organizations must continuously monitor and manage the infrastructure to ensure that systems are running at desired levels. Managing each step of the infrastructure life cycle is challeng ing for even the most sophisticated IT organizations. Sun N1 System Manager helps customers address problems associated with managing an infrastructure throughout its life cycle. Sun N1 System Manager enables the provisioning, monitoring, patching, and manage ment of hundreds of Sun's AMD Opteron based x64 servers. Management tasks are executed through a hybrid UI that integrates the GUI and CLI in one console. The ability to create logical groups of systems and perform actions across a group of systems as easily as performing actions on a single system is possible with N1 System Manager. Additionally, a central console is provided to rapidly deploy Solaris or Red Hat Linux to multiple Sun x64 servers. Key features of the Sun N1 System Manager software include: • Bare metal discovery • Grouping • Bare metal provisioning • Hardware monitoring • OS provisioning
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Chapter 7
Software Operating System
The Sun Fire X4500 server supports the following operation systems:
• • •
Solaris 10 6/06 and later, 32-bit and 64-bit Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 U4 64-bit Microsoft Windows Server 2003 32-bit and 64-bit
The Sun Fire X4500 server is shipped with Solaris 10 11/06 pre-installed, which includes the newly released ZFS filesystem.
Solaris Operating System Features
Solaris 10 delivers performance advantages for database, Web, and Java technology-based services, as well as massive scalability with price/performance advantages. Features of the Solaris 10 Operating System include: • Real-time troubleshooting of system problems • New tools for low-level system debugging • System hardware testing and analysis • Fine-grained project accounting • Enhanced patch analysis and delivery tools • Existing applications benefit from Solaris 10 enhancements without modification • Integrated Sun JavaTM Enterprise System suite components and the Sun Java Desktop System • 187 of the most popular free and open source software packages, many of which are supported by Sun • Integrated developer tools, such as GNU utilities and Perl and Python programming languages
NOTE: All occurrences of Solaris 10 OS for the Sun Fire X4500 server refer specifically to Solaris 10 6/06, which is the mini mum required Solaris release for the Sun Fire X4500 server.
Key Productivity Features
The Solaris Operating System delivers several critical performance and reliability features, such as: • Enhanced ease of use and PC-interoperability features • Integrated, high-performance Java technology and tools • Robust software developer environment • Advanced, standards-based networking • Improved systems installation and management tools • Enterprise-class directory services • Enhanced desktop tools, I/O standards, and security
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Other key features include: • 100% binary compatibility • Reliability, availability, and serviceability • Java 2 SDK • IPv6/IPsec/Mobile IP • LDAP directory services • System management tools • Desktop productivity tools • Observability • Internationalization • Data management • Real-time application support • Enhanced security features
Manageability Features
The Solaris 10 Operating System dramatically improves the way system administrators and developers identify the reasons for suboptimal system and application performance. Solaris Dynamic Tracing (DTrace) technology makes it possible to troubleshoot problems in real time and quickly eliminate bottlenecks. Additional Solaris 10 features provide enhanced system insight, enabling a system administrator to quickly identify and resolve hardware prob lems and streamline and automate patch management. Solaris Containers can also consolidate multiple applica tions onto a single system to increase utilization rates and cut system and licensing costs. Existing 32-bit and 64-bit x86 applications that adhere to the Solaris application binary interface (ABI) will run unmodified on x64 platforms. In addition, Sun provides Appcert, an easy-to-usetesting tool for developers to ver ify existing Solaris OS application binaries and report any potential incompatibilities.
Interoperability
Understanding that businesses today rely on a mix of technologies from a variety of vendors, Solaris 10 provides tools to enable seamless interoperability with hundreds of heterogeneous hardware and software platforms.
Availability
New Solaris 10 features, such as Predictive Self Healing, offer capabilities that automatically diagnose and recover from hardware and application faults, maximizing system uptime.
Advanced Networking
Support for IPv6 in the Solaris OS is integrated into NFS, RPC, NIS, NIS+, and DNS. IPsec enables secure vir tual private networks and network access control. Mobile IP provides Internet disconnect/reconnect capabilities with no data loss.
Solaris ZFS
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The Solaris ZFS, available in Solaris 10 6/06, delivers ground breaking file system capabilities by automating common administrative tasks, protecting data from corruption and providing virtually unlimited scalability. This new technology uses virtual storage pools to make it easy to expand or contract file systems simply by adding more drives. Solaris ZFS significantly reduces costs by streamlining storage administration and allowing resources to be man aged and reallocated among file systems. The time required to perform some functions is reduced by orders of magnitude — from hours to just seconds.
Near-Zero administration
With Solaris ZFS, complicated storage administration tasks are automated and consolidated into straightforward language, reducing administrative overhead by up to 80 percent. Administering storage with Solaris ZFS is easy because the design eliminates many complicated administration tasks entirely. It enables administrators to state the intent of their storage policies rather than stating all of the details needed to implement them. For example, compared to other filesystem technologies, using Solaris ZFS to add mirrored file systems for three users and then add more disks reduces the number of tasks from 28 to five — and reduces the time required to perform these actions from 40 minutes to 10 seconds.
End-to-End data Integrity
With Solaris ZFS, data is protected by 64-bit checksums to provide error detection and correction. Solaris ZFS constantly reads and checks data to ensure that it is correct. If it detects an error in a mirrored pool, the technol ogy automatically repairs the corrupted data. This contributes to relentless data availability by protecting against costly and time-consuming data loss due to hardware or software failure and reducing the chance of administra tor error while performing file-system-related tasks.
Immense Capacity
Solaris ZFS is a 128-bit file system that provides 16 billion billion - yes, that is the word “billion” twice in a row times the capacity of 64-bit file systems. Hence, it is positioned to support more file systems, snapshots, and files in a file system than could reasonably be expected to be needed for decades to come.
Included Software
The Solaris OS includes a broad range of software. The operating system itself includes components such as the Apache Web Server, PostgreSQL, Perl, PHP, GNU development tools, and other popular applications; in addition, it is now delivered as part of the Solaris Enterprise system, a unified platform of Solaris 10, Java Enter prise System, developer tools, desktop infrastructure and N1 management software. The Solaris Enterprise System is offered at no-cost licensing, and may choose to take advantage of Sun's world class enterprise ser vice capabilities through any of several cost-effective support offerings of varying levels, ranging from self-sup port to full 7x24 service. The Solaris OS ships with a number of software components that increase overall availability. Groundbreaking
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Predictive Self-Healing functionality drivers not just higher levels of hardware availability, but more importantly addresses overall service availability at the application level as well. Solaris Containers provides for multiple— hundreds, and even thousands of virtualized application environments, driving high system utilization and man agement efficiency. Solaris Resource Manager software for fine-grained control of system resources, Solaris Bandwidth Manager software for enhanced network resource availability. Sun Cluster 3.1 software, part of the Solaris Enterprise System, provides for even greater application availability through its clustered file system, scalable data services, and built-in load balancing.
Sun Studio 11
Sun Studio 11 software is Sun's developer tool suite for C, C++, and Fortran application development. It pro vides corporate developers and ISVs with a comprehensive, integrated suite of tools for the development, debugging, tuning, and deployment of enterprise applications on Sun platforms. With this release, Sun Studio software extends its development environment to the AMD64 architecture and delivers reliable, scalable, and high-performance applications for the Solaris Operating System. Additionally, Sun Studio software provides a common debugger that can visually debug single and multi-threaded C, C++, and Fortran code. It can even han dle intermixed Java and native code. All of these powerful tools are presented within a NetBeans TM-based Inte grated Development Environment. Sun Studio software also provides an integrated development environment (IDE), performance analysis tools, and an intuitive debugger for Linux operating systems. These components are compatible with GCC 3.2 soft ware. Note that Sun is not supplying or providing support for the GCC compiler. Sun Studio 11 is now free and available at http://developers.sun.com/prodtech/cc/downloads/index.jsp. The software is full of productivity enhancements, feature improvements, and expanded platform support to make Solaris application development more productive.
Solaris Provisioning
Sun offers a variety of provisioning tools for supporting Solaris deployments. At the high end, N1 System Man ager offers a simple GUI to make provisioning as simple as defining the payload and then drag and drop to the target. N1 System Manager is based on Sun's long proven Solaris JumpStart facility. Solaris Jumpstart is bun dled with Solaris and allows building systems from a central server thus simplifying deployments throughout the enterprise. Jumpstart is typically driven by scripts with facilities for pre- and post-installation customizations. And for organizatons where deployment performance is critical Sun offers Solaris Flash Archives. Instead of the traditional JumpStart installation which actually installs each chosen package one at a time, Solaris Flash Archives are a way to snapshot an existing “reference” image and then deploy those images through the Jump Start mechanism or directly from the command line. Flash Archives also offer the same pre- and post- install scripting facilities to allow for a great deal of customization.,
Solaris Live Upgrade Software
Solaris Live Upgrade allows a system administrator (SA) to create a snapshot of a running system, make changes to that copy, and then boot from it. The immediate advantage is that the SA can make changes to the
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snapshot (or as it is termed, the Alternate Boot Environment) with little impact on the running system. Solaris Live Upgrade can be used in a variety of situations, most typically either upgrading from one Solaris release to a later one or patching a system. In the case of upgrading to a later Solaris release, the entire upgrade process takes place in the background - the only downtime is that of the reboot when the upgrade finishes. Patches can similarly be administered to an Alternate Boot Environment. In either situation if booting to the new environment uncovers any unforseen problems, the SA can always reboot to the orginal environment. The ability to provide a mechanism to apply changes to a system, whether OS upgrades, patches, or other changes, without impacting the running system, and to have the ability to choose which version to run after you see the impact of the changes, has made Live Upgrade a very powerful tool for Solaris within the data center.
RealPlayer 10.6
RealPlayer 10, available in the Solaris 10 6/06 OS, is a leading media player and enables users to access and manage digital media; it lets users play major media types, and delivers pristine audio and video playback qual ity. Supported media types are RealAudio, RealVideo, MP3, Ogg Vorbis, Theora, H263 and AAC. The Real Player feature enhances the multimedia experience for users of the Java Desktop System (JDS) in Solaris 10.
Solaris 10 OS Bundled Desktop Environments
Common Desktop Environment (CDE) Enhancements
The latest generation of the Common Desktop Environment (CDE) comes standard with the Sun Fire X4500 server, providing workstation users with an easy-to-use, open, and secure Graphical User Interface (GUI). Per sonal Digital Assistant (PDA) support synchronizes data from most Palm computing devices with the CDE calen dar, mail, memo, and address book. CDE now features streaming video using MPEG1, MPEG2, QuickTime, and AVI formats. It also features MIDI audio using Java Media Framework technology.
GNOME 2.6 Desktop Environment
GNOME 2.6, the modern desktop for the Solaris 10 Operating System (OS), provides applications and tools that are designed to enhance business productivity in a networked world. GNOME 2.6 helps organizations achieve their business goals by offering a unified, modern, open, networked, and cost-effective desktop solution. Key features of the GNOME 2.6 richly-featured common unified desktop include: • Personalization capabilities that allow users to change settings to suit their preferences • Built-in applications and assists for users with disabilities • Reduced complexity of supporting disparate desktop user environments • Open file standards that provide transparent file and data interchange • Built-in accessibility support that enables all users to interact with the GNOME 2.6 desktop environment running on any UNIX platform • The flexibility and choice to run GNOME, CDE/Motif, and Java technology-based applications unmodified, preserving existing software investments
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•
Support for key open standards to facilitate interoperability, compatibility, and collaboration in today’s highly-networked, heterogeneous world, including support for XML, DOM, HTTP, HTML, CORBA, MIME, Unicode, MPEG, JPEG, AVI, MIDI, XDnD (drag & drop), X11, NFS, and TCP/IP
GNOME 2.6 for the Solaris OS is open source, free software with no upgrade or licensing fees; it is part of the Java Desktop System (JDS) Release 3 in Solaris 10. More information about JDS R3 is available at http://www.sun.com/software/javadesktopsystem/index.xml
Solaris OS Licensing and Usage
The Solaris 10 OS is available at no-cost licensing to end-users for any system it is supported on. This is inde pendent of the processor architecture, system type (desktop or server), or processor count. Solaris media is available for free download at http://sun.com/solaris/get , or a Solaris Media Kit may be pur chased for a nominal charge.
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Appendix A
Connector Pinouts
USB
Table A-1: USB Pinouts
Pin # 1 2 3 4
Pin Name +5V DataData+ Gnd
Description +5V supply Negative side of differential pair for data Positive side of differential pair for data Ground
Figure A-1: USB Pinouts
Serial
Table A-2: Serial Pinouts
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pin Name CTS DCD TXD GND GND RXD DTR RTS
Description Clear to Send Data Carrier Detect Transmit Data Ground Ground Receive Data Data Terminal Ready Ready to Send
Figure A-2: Serial Pinouts
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10/100 BaseT
Table A-3: 10/100 BaseT Pinouts
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Pin Name TX+ TXRX+ NC NC RXNC NC
Description Positive Side of Transmit Data Negative Side of Transmit Data Positive Side of Receive Data No Connect No Connect Negative Side of Receive Data No Connect No Connect
Figure A-3: 10/100 BaseT Pinouts
10/100/1000 BaseT
Table A-4: 10/100/1000 BaseT Pinouts
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Pin Name TX+ TXRX+ NC NC RXNC NC Description Positive Side of Transmit Data Negative Side of Transmit Data Positive Side of Receive Data No Connect No Connect Negative Side of Receive Data No Connect No Connect
Figure A-4: 10/100/1000 BaseT Pinouts
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SATA Pinout
Table A-5: SATA Pinouts
Pin # Type Signal Segment S1 Gnd S2 TX+ S3 TXS4 Gnd S5 RX+ S6 RXS7 Gnd Power Segment P1 3.3V P2 3.3V P3 3.3V P4 Gnd P5 Gnd P6 Gnd P7 5.0V P8 5.0V P9 5.0V P10 Gnd P11 Reserved P12 Gnd P13 12.0V P14 12.0V P15 12.0V
Description 2nd mate Transmit from PHY to hard drive 2nd mate Receive from hard drive to PHY 2nd mate Not supported Not supported Not supported 1st mate 2nd mate 2nd mate Pre-charge, 2nd mate
2nd mate No connect 1st mate Pre-charge, 2nd mate
Figure A-5: SATA Pinout
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VGA
Table A-6: VGA Pinouts
Pin # 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Pin Name RED GRN BLU ID2 GND R_GND G_GND B-GND KEY S_GND IDO IDI HSYNC VSYNC ID3/SCL
Description Red Video Green Video Blue Video ID2 (Ground) Ground Red Video Return (Ground) Green Video Return (Ground) Blue Video Return (Ground) No Pin Syn Return (Ground) IDO (Ground) IDI (No Connect) Horizontal Sync Vertical Sync No Connect
Figure A-6: VGA Pinouts
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Appendix B
Sun Fire X4500 server Rack Mounting Specifications
The Sun Fire X4500 server should fit in nearly all 3rd-party racks that meet these criteria: • Rack has a horizontal opening with unit vertical pitch conforming to ANSI/EIA 310-D-1992 and/or IEC 60927 • Four-post structure (i.e., mounting at both front and rear) • Distance between front and rear mounting planes is between 580 mm and 870 mm (23 to 34 inches) • Clearance depth (to front cabinet door) in front of front rack mounting plane is at least 25.4 mm (1 inch) • Clearance depth (to rear cabinet door) behind front rack mounting plane is at least equal to the cable management arm • Clearance width (between structural supports, cable troughs, etc.) between front and rear mounting planes is at least 456 mm (18 inches) To permit installation in racks meeting the above criteria, there is only one rackslide and cable management arm set for the Sun Fire X4500 server. There is no provision in the slide brackets for mounting to non-standard side planes within rack cabinets—all mounting is to front and rear planes only. For reference, most generic 19-inch format racks of 900 mm or greater overall depth can accommodate the Sun Fire X4500 server; the systems will fit in some shallower racks, and many at 800 mm without the cable manage ment arm.
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Appendix C
Sun Fire X4500 Server Dimensions
The Sun Fire X4500 server has the following size and weight dimensions.
Table C-1: Sun Fire X4500 Server Dimensions
Weight Height Width Depth
170 lbs / 77 kg 6.89 inches / 175.05 mm 17.28 inches / 439 mm 29.52 inches / 749.90 mm
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Appendix D
Environmental and Regulatory Compliance
The Sun Fire X4500 server meets or exceeds the following environmental and regulatory specifications.
Table D-1: Sun Fire X4500 server Environmental Specifications
Type AC Power Operating temperature
Specification 180 – 264VAC (47-63Hz) 5 °C to 32 °C (41 °F to 90 °F), 10% to 90% relative humidity, non-condensing, 27 °C max wet bulb -40 °C to 65 °C (-40 °F to 149 °F), up to 93% relative humidity, non-condensing, 38 °C max wet bulb Up to 3048 m, maximum ambient temperature is derated by 1 °C per 300 m above 900 m Up to 12000 mLwAd (1B = 10dB): 8.0 B at or below 25° C, 8.4 B at max ambient LpAm bystander: 64 dB at or below 25° C, 69 dB at max ambient LwAd (1 B = 10 dB): 8.0 B at or below 25 °C, 8.4 B at max ambient LpAm bystander: 64 dB at or below 25 °C, 69 dB at max ambient
Nonoperating temperature Altitude (operating) Altitude (nonoperating) Acoustic Noise Emissions per ISO 9296
Table D-2: Sun Fire Sun Fire X4500 server Regulatory Specifications
Safety RFI/EMI Immunity Certifications Safety EMC
IEC60950, UL/CSA60950, EN60950, CB Scheme with all country differences FCC Class A, Part 15 47 CFR, EN55022, CISPR 22, EN300-386: v1.31, ICES-003 EN55024,EN300-386:v1.3.2 cULus Mark, TUV GS Mark, CE Mark, CCC, GOST R, S-Mark CE Mark (93/68/EEC), Emissions and Immunity Class A Emissions Levels: FCC, VCCI, C-Tick, MIC, *CCC, *GOST R, *BSMI
* = Applicable at GA
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