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1 Mandwe, D.S., Gadge, S.R., Dubey, A.K., Khambalkar, V.P.
2 Ellis, J; Winkler, H; Corfee-Morlot, J; Gagnon-Lebrun, F
3 Sebitosi, AB; Pillay, P
4 Winkler, H; Baumert, K; Blanchard, O; Burch, S; Robinson, J
5 Pillay, P; Manyage, M
6 Jalama, K; Coville, NJ; Hildebrandt, D; Glasser, D; Jewell, LL
7 Madubansi, M; Shackleton, CM
8 Leckel, D; Liwanga-Ehumbu, M
9 Botha, T; von Blottnitz, H
10 Howells, M; Victor, DG; Gaunt, T; Elias, RJ; Alfstad, T
11 Ryan, D; Leukes, W; Burton, S
12 Makinde, OD
13 Haarhoff, J; Mathews, EH
14 Wang, ZL; Liu, Y; Linkov, VM
15 Sayle, TXT; Catlow, CRA; Maphanga, RR; Ngoepe, PE;
Sayle, DC
16 Leckel, D
17 Cowley, M
18 de Klerk, A
19 Khumalo, N; Glasser, D; Hildebrandt, D; Hausberger, B;
Kauchali, S
20 Mbarawa, M; Haji, AI
21 Bikam, P; Mulaudzi, DJ
22 Pretorius, JP; Kroger, DG
23 Kirstein, CF; von Backstrom, TW
24 Kakutkina, NA; Korzhavin, AA; Mbarawa, M
25 Meyer, JP
26 Bugaje, IM
27 Arthur, GD; Stirk, WA; Van Staden, J
28 Kwak, JS; Yang, I
29 Coetzer, RLJ; Rossouw, R; Swarts, A; Viljoen, C
30 Gomez, E; Ferreras, L; Toresani, S
31 Majozi, T
32 Pretorius, JP; Kroger, DG
33 Keyser, MJ; Conradie, M; Coertzen, M; Van Dyk, JC
34 Bass, M; de Swardt, RR
35 Patwardhan, A; Chugh, YP; Arnold, BJ; Terblanche, AN
36 Ferg, EE; Loyson, P; Poorun, A
37 Malherbe, JB; van der Berg, NG; Odendaal, RQ; Krok, F;
Szymonski, M
38 Mbarawa, M
39 Sheer, TJ; De Klerk, GB; Jawurek, HH; Lander, M
40 Prinsloo, NM
41 Bredell, JR; Kroger, DG; Thiart, GD
42 Sebitosi, AB; Pillay, P; Khan, MA
43 Sebitosi, AB; Pillay, P; Khan, MA
44 de Klerk, A
45 Everson, RC; Neomagus, HWJP; Kasaini, H; Njapha, D
46 Everson, RC; Neomagus, HWJP; Kasaini, H; Njapha, D
47 Rankin, R; Rousseau, PG
48 Slabber, J
49 van Dyk, JC; Keyser, MJ; Coertzen, A
50 Everson, RC; Neomagus, HWJP; Njapha, D
51 Fuls, WF; Viljoen, C; Stoker, C; Koch, C; Kleingeld, M
52 Maaza, M; Nemraoui, O; Beye, AC; Sella, C; Derry, T
53 Ferreira, T
54 Atif, AAY; Fakhru'l-Razi, A; Ngan, MA; Morimoto, M; Iyuke,
SE; Veziroglu, NT
55 Potgieter-Vermaak, SS; Potgieter, JH; Kruger, RA; Spolnik,
Z; van Grieken, R
56 Somerset, VS; Petrik, LF; White, RA; Klink, MJ; Key, D;
Iwuoha, EI
57 Hotchkiss, PJ; Meyer, CJ; von Backstrom, TW
58 Myers, TG; Lombe, M
59 Lynd, LR; van Zyl, WH; McBride, JE; Laser, M
60 Snyman, LW; Aharoni, H; du Plessis, M
61 Meyer, JP; Van der Vyver, H
62 Graeber, B; Spalding-Fecher, R; Gonah, B
63 Leckel, D
64 Esterhuyse, BD; Kroger, DG
65 Wagner, NJ; Hlatshwayo, B
66 Khan, MA; Pillay, P; Visser, KD
67 Sebitosi, AB; Pillay, P
68 van Dyk, JC; Baxter, LL; van Heerden, JHP; Coetzer, RLJ
69 van Dyk, EE; Chamel, JB; Gxasheka, AR
70 Meyer, JP; Stehlik, P
71 Bukasa, JP; Liebenberg, L; Meyer, JP
72 de Klerk, A
73 Louw, WI; Meyer, JP
74 Howells, MI; Alfstad, T; Victor, DG; Goldstein, G; Remme, U
75 Meyer, CJ
76 Patel, B; Hildebrandt, D; Glasser, D; Hausberger, B
77 Gerber, M; Ferreira, JA; Seliger, N; Hofsajer, IW
78 Kloppers, JC; Kroger, DG
79 Everson, R; Neomagus, H; Kaitano, R
80 Smith, MA; Glasser, D
81 Smith, MA; Glasser, D
82 Sparg, SG; Kulkarni, MG; Light, ME; Van Staden, J
83 Gaunt, CT
84 Budovsky, I; Abidin, ARBZ; Yan, AYK; Liu, LX; Rustagi, VK;
Govil, AK; Klonz, M; Wei, YC; Early, MD; Sasaki, H; Fujiki, H;
Kumtawee, C; Charoensook, A; Kwon, SW; Son, NA;
Suprianto, B; Temba, M; Ruiz, M; Leones, SPB
85 Ferg, EE; Loyson, P; Rust, N
86 Ehlers, GA; Rose, PD
87 Huan, ZJ; Jordaan, GD
88 Kloppers, JC; Kroger, DG
89 Wang, RJ; Kamper, MJ; Dobson, RT
90 Dirker, J; Meyer, JP
91 Vorster, FJ; van Dyk, EE
92 Roets, PNJ; van Heerden, PS; Moses, CA
93 Lamprecht, D; Roets, PNJ
94 Dobson, RT
95 Gxasheka, AR; van Dyk, EE; Meyer, EL
96 van Antwerpen, HJ; Greyvenstein, GP
97 Singh, V; Brink, GJ; Winter, HDL
98 Hansen, AC; Zhang, Q; Lyne, PWL
99 Kakutkina, NA; Mbarawa, M
100 van Dyk, EE; Gxasheka, AR; Meyer, EL
101 Greeff, IL; Visser, JA; Ptasinski, KJ; Janssen, FJJG
102 Nicol, W; du Toit, EL
103 Arkesteijn, K; Oerlemans, L
104 Mukoma, P; Jooste, BR; Vosloo, HCM
105 Winkler, H
106 Spalding-Fecher, R; Winkler, H; Mwakasonda, S
107 Wang, RH; Kamper, MJ
108 Ricco, IMM; Focke, WW
109 Mangena, SJ; de Korte, GJ; McCrindle, RI; Morgan, DL
110 Wolfaardt, F; Taljaard, JL; Jacobs, A; Male, JR; Rabie, CJ
111 Zhang, R; van Dyk, EE; Rozgonyi, GA; Rand, J; Jonczyk, R
112 Sharma, R; Singh, K; Singhal, D; Ghosh, R
113 Sathaye, J; Murtishaw, S; Price, L; Lefranc, M; Roy, J;
Winkler, H; Spalding-Fecher, R
114 Lynd, LR; von Blottnitz, H; Tait, B; de Boer, J; Pretorius, IS;
Rumbold, K; van Zyl, WH
115 Steynberg, AP; Nel, HG
116 Rankin, R; Rousseau, PG; van Eldik, M
117 Wope, ER
118 von Backstrom, TW; Gannon, AJ
119 Slaghuis, JH; Raijmakers, N
120 Scowby, ST; Dobson, RT; Kamper, MJ
121 Meyer, CJ; Kroger, DG
122 van Dyk, EE; Meyer, EL
123 Diamond, D; Hahn, T; Becker, H; Patterson, G
124 Odubiyi, A; Davidson, IE
125 de Korte, GJ
126 Huan, ZJ; Jordaan, GD
127 Zhelev, TK; Semkov, KA
128 Meyer, JP; Stehlik, P
129 Coetzee, H; Liebenberg, L; Meyer, JP
130 Kloppers, JC; Kroger, DG
131 Govender, A; van Dyk, JC
132 Greeff, IL; Visser, JA; Ptasinski, KJ; Janssen, FJJG
133 Vadasz, P
134 Sima, L; Blanco, C; Santamaria, R; Granda, M; Slaghuis, H;
Menendez, R
135 Ferg, EE; Geyer, L; Poorun, A
136 Teetz, HW; Harms, TM; von Backstrom, TW
137 Singh, V; McLachlan, I
138 du Plessis, CA; Strauss, JM; Sebapalo, EMT; Riedel, KHJ
139 von Wielligh, AJ; Burger, NDL; Wilcocks, TL
140 von Backstrom, TW; Bernhardt, A; Gannon, AJ
141 van Wyk, JPH; Mohulatsi, M
142 Greyvenstein, GP; Rousseau, PG
143 Dalgleish, AZ; Grobler, L
144 van der Spuy, D; Jikelo, NA; Ziegler, T; Bowyer, M
145 Mbarawa, M; Mureithi, EW
146 Tewari, DD; Shah, T
147 Spalding-Fecher, R; Matibe, DK
148 Meyer, EL; van Dyk, EE
149 Muller, GH; Landy, CF
150 Coetzer, RLJ; Keyser, MJ
151 Gannon, AJ; von Backstrom, TW
152 von Backstrom, TW
153 Pillay, P; Hofmann, P; Manyage, M
154 Huan, ZJ; Jordaan, GD
155 Spalding-Fecher, R; Clark, A; Davis, M; Simmonds, G
156 van Wyk, JPH; Mohulatsi, M
157 Greeff, IL; Visser, JA; Ptasinski, KJ; Janssen, FJJG
158 van Wyk, JPH
159 Stinnes, WH; von Backstrom, TW
160 Materechera, SA; Mkhabela, TS
161 Barletta, T; Martin, GR; Visser, A
162 Materechera, SA
163 Taylor, AJ; la Grange, TG
164 Prentice, JSC
165 Prentice, JSC
166 Mbarawa, M; Milton, BE; Casey, RT
167 Mbarawa, M; Milton, BE; Casey, RT
168 van Heerden, I; Cronje, C; Swart, SH; Kotze, JM
169 van Dyk, EE; Meyer, EL; Vorster, FJ; Leitch, AWR
170 Prentice, JSC
171 Brown, ME
172 Mathews, EH; Botha, CP; Arndt, DC; Malan, A
173 Bird, J; Wallace, P
174 De Swardt, CA; Meyer, JP
175 Meyer, JP; Wood, CW
176 Venayagamoorthy, GK; Harley, RG
177 Maiti, SN; Eberhardt, J; Kundu, S; Cadenhouse-Beaty, PJ;
Adams, DJ
178 Prentice, JSC
179 Soler, A; Gopinathan, KK
180 Vosloo, AC
181 van Wyk, JPH
182 Hey, B
183 Carsky, M; Kuwornoo, DK
184 Rousseau, PG; Strauss, JP; Greyvenstein, GP
185 Meyer, CJ; Kroger, DG
186 Gannon, AJ; von Backstrom, TW
187 von Backstrom, TW; Gannon, AJ
188 Brooks, KS; Dreyer, R; Burston, A
189 Bell, FG; Bullock, SET; Halbich, TFJ; Lindsay, P
190 Soler, A; Gopinathan, KK; Claros, ST
191 van Dyk, JC
192 Gous, G
193 Taylor, AJ; la Grange, TG; Gous, GZ
194 Burger, AJ; Kruger, CJ; Lotter, AP; Karasiuk, CJ; Rooney, DJ
195 Prentice, JSC
196 Alberts, V; Klenk, M; Bucher, E
197 Kiipli, T; Batchelor, RA; Bernal, JP; Cowing, C; Hagel-
Brunnstrom, M; Ingham, MN; Johnson, D; Kivisilla, J;
Knaack, C; Kump, P; Lozano, R; Michiels, D; Orlova, K;
Pirrus, E; Rousseau, RM; Ruzicka, J; Sandstrom, H; Willis,
JP
198 Nicolin, A; Evans, M
199 Davidson, IE; Gieras, JF
200 Meyer, EL; van Dyk, EE
201 Meyer, JP; Raubenheimer, PJA; Kruger, E
202 Mathews, EH; Arndt, DC; Piani, CB; van Heerden, E
203 Prentice, JSC
204 Rousseau, PG; Greyvenstein, GP
205 Lombard, NF; Kamper, MJ
206 Lemmer, EF; Delport, GJ
207 Gratwick, K.; Ghanadan, R.; Eberhard, A
208 Foster-Pedley, J.; Hertzog, H.
209 Fritz, W.L.O.; Kahn, M.T.E.
210 Khambalkar, V.P; Karale, D.S.; Gadge, S.R..
211 Cuamba, B.C.; Chenene, M.L.; Mahumane, G.; Quissico,
D.Z.; Lovseth, J.; O'Keefe, P
212 Musee, N.; Lorenzen, L.; Aldrich, C.
213 Nkomo, J.C.
214 Kahn, M.T.E.; Fritz, W.
215 Lukamba-Muhiya, J.M.; Uken, E.
216 Brooks, M.J.; Mills, I.; Harms, T.M.
217 Nkomo, J.C.
218 Van Niekerk, W
219 Matzopoulos, R.; Jordaan, E.; Carolissen, G.
220 Nkomo, J.C.; Goldstein, H.E.
221 Lambrechts, I.J.
222 Nkomo, J.C.; Goldstein, H.E.
223 Mittal, V.; Kasana, K.S.; Thakur, N.S.
224 Hove, T.; Chipfunhu, D.
225 Mammadov, F.
226 Wentzel, M.
227 Roberts, E.; Wentzel, M.
228 Wentzel, M.
229 Wipplinger, K.P.M.; Harms, T.M.; Taylor, A.B.
230 Green, J.M.; Zwebe, D.I.
231 Bosman, I.E.; Grobler, L.J.; Dalgleish, A.Z.
232 Bosman, I.E.; Grobler, L.J
233 Sebitosi, A.B.
234 Meyer, A.; Dobson, R.T.
235 Nkomo, J.C.
236 Von Blottnitz, H.
237 Mathews, E.H.; Weggelaar, S.
238 Howells, M.I.
239 Winkler, H.; Borchers, M.; Hughes, A.; Visagie, E.; Heinrich,
G.
240 Blignaut, J.N.; Chitiga-Mabugu, M.R.; Mabugu, R.M.
241 Masekoameng, K.E.; Simalenga, T.E.; Saidi, T.
242 Nkomo, J.C.
243 Harris, H.C.; Krueger, D.L.W.
244 Sibisi, N.T.; Green, J.M.
245 Lloyd, P.J.
246 Nkomo, J.C.
247 Nkomo, J.C.; Winkler, H.; Mwakasonda, S.; Mukheibir, P.;
Sparks, D.
248 Mokoena, J.K.J.; Lloyd, P.J.D
249 Mathews, E.H.; Den Boef, M.
250 Nkomo, J.C.
251 Dobson, R.T.
252 Nkomo, J.C.
253 Kaiser, W.H.; Van Der Merwe, C.A.
254 Steyn, T.
255 Nkomo, J.C.
256 Kaiser, W.H.; Van Der Merwe, C.A.
257 Van Der Merwe, C.A.; Grobler, L.J.
258 Winkler, H.
259 Calmeyer, J.E.; Kruger, T.J.
260 Lloyd, P.J.; Dick, A.; Howells, M.
261 Sparks, D.A.
262 Van Rensburg, J.F.; Bodenstein, C.P.; Matthews, E.H.
263 Banda, K.G.; Tinto, E.M.
264 Calmeyer, J.E.; Kruger, T.J.
265 Dobson, R.T.; Van Wyk, P.A.; Van Der Westhuizen, K.
266 Kruger, T.J.; Calmeyer, J.E.
267 Wentzel, M.; Pickering, M.
268 Spalding-Fecher, R.; Mqadi, L.; Oganne, G.
269 Den Heijer, W.I.R.; Grobler, L.J.
270 Moodley, S.
271 Mathews, E.H.; Els, R.; Basson, J.A.
272 Sebitosi, A.B.
273 Lukamba-Muhlya, J.M.; Davidson, O.R.
274 Van der Merwe, I.L.; Britten, A.C.
275 Van Harmelen, G.
276 Smith, I.; Smit, R.; Beckman, R.
277 Piketh, S.
278 Van Heerden, L.
279 Vaivars, G.; Mokrani, T.; Maxakatho, N.; Linkov, V.; Gericke,
G.
280 Uys, R.F.; Higgins, S.A.
281 Nogueira, F.
282 Holtshauzen, G.
283 Carter-Brown, C.; Gaunt, C.T.
284 McCann, K.
285 Marais, P.
286 Jeftha, L.
287 Van Der Merwe, C.A.; Grobler, L.J.
288 Tinto, E.S.
289 Conteh, M.A..
290 De Lange, E., Wentzel, M.
291 Vicatos, G.; Zulu, A.
292 Dobson, R.T.; Pakkies, S.A.
293 Howells, M.I.; Solomon, M.
294 Grobler, L.J., Dalgleish, A.Z., De Heijer, W.L.R..
295 Spalding-Fecher, R.
296 Tinto, E.S.
297 Winkler, H., Mavhungu, J.
298 Tinto, E.M.
299 De Klerk, G.B., Rallis, C.J.
300 Lloyd, P.J.D.
301 Kaiser, W.H., Grobler, L.J.
AD
Department of Unconventional Energy Sources and Electrical
Engineering, Dr. Panjabroo Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola,
India; Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal, India
OECD, Dept Environm, 2 Rue Andre Pascal, F-75775 Paris 16,
France
Univ Cape Town, Energy Res Ctr, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South
Africa
Ecoressources, Quebec City, PQ Canada
Univ Cape Town, Dept Elect Engn, ZA-7701 Cape Town, South
Africa
Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
Univ Cape Town, Energy Res Ctr, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South
Africa
World Resources Inst, Washington, DC 20006 USA
Int Energie & Polit Environm, Lab Econ Prod & Integrat, Grenoble,
France
Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9 Canada
Clarkson Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA
Univ Cape Town, Dept Elect Engn, ZA-7925 Cape Town, South
Africa
Fischer Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technol Res & Dev,
POB 1, ZA-1947 Sosolburg, South Africa
Fischer Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technol Res & Dev,
POB 1, ZA-1947 Sosolburg, South Afric
Univ Cape Town, Dept Chem Engn, Private Bag,Upper Campus,
ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa
Univ Cape Town, Energy Res Ctr, ZA-7708 Cape Town, South
Africa
Stanford Univ, Program Energy & Sustainable Dev, Stanford, CA
94305 USA
Univ Cape Town, Elect Engn Dept, ZA-7708 Cape Town, South
Africa
Univ Sydney, Dept Chem Engn, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
Rhodes Univ, Dept Biochem & Microbiol, ZA-6140 Grahamstown,
South Africa
Univ Cape Town, Dept Chem Engn, ZA-7700 Rondebosch, South
Africa
Univ Limpopo, Dept Appl Math, Private Bag X1106, ZA-0727
Sovenga, South Africa
North West Univ, ZA-0043 Faerie Glen 4, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, ZA-0002 Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Western Cape, Dept Chem, S Africa Inst Adv Mat Chem,
Private Bag X17, ZA-7535 Bellville, Cape Town South Africa
Cranfield Univ, DEOS, Def Acad United Kingdom, Swindon, Wilts
England
Royal Inst Great Britain, London W1X 4BS, England
Univ Coll London, Dept Chem, London, England
Univ N, Mat Modelling Ctr, Sch Phys & Mineral Sci, ZA-0727
Sovenga, South Africa
Univ
Fischer Tropsch Refinery Catalysis, Sasol Technol Res & Dev,
POB 1, ZA-1947 Sasolburg, South Africa
Sasol Technol Res & Dev, Fischer Tropsch Refinery Catalysis,
POB 1, ZA-1947 Sasolburg, South Africa
Sasol Technol Res & Dev, Fischer Tropsch Refinery Catalysis,
POB 1, ZA-1947 Sasolburg, South Africa
Univ Witwatersrand, Sch Proc & Mat Engn, Private Bag 3, ZA-2050
Wits, South Africa
Tshwane Univ Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Private Bag X680, ZA-
0001 Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Venda Sci & Technol, Dept Urban & Reg Planning, Sch
Environm Sci & Engn, Private Bag X5050, ZA-0950 Thohoyandou,
South Africa
Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Mech Engn, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602
Matieland, South Africa
Univ Stellenbosch, Dept Mech Engn, Private Bag X1, ZA-7602
Matieland, South Africa
Russian Acad Sci, Inst Chem Kinet & Combust, Novosibirsk
630090, Russia
Univ Technol, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa
Univ Pretoria, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, ZA-0002 Pretoria,
South Africa
Tech Witwatersrand, Dept Chem Engn, ZA-2028 Johannesburg,
South Africa
Univ KwaZulu Natal Pietermaritzburg, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci,
Res Ctr Plant Growth & Dev, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa
Univ KwaZulu Natal Pietermaritzburg, Sch Biol & Conservat Sci,
Res Ctr Plant Growth & Dev, ZA-3209 Scottsville, South Africa
Sasol Technol Res & Dev, ZA-1947 Sasolburg, South Africa
Univ Cape Town, Sasol Adv Fuels Lab, ZA-7925 Cape Town,
South Africa
Sasol Technol Res & Dev, ZA-1947 Sasolburg, South Africa
Univ Cape Town, Sasol Adv Fuels Lab, ZA-7925 Cape Town,
South Africa
Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town; Energy
and Resources Group, University of California, Berkeley
Graduate School of Business, University of Cape Town; Atlantic
Solar
Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Cape
Peninsula University of Technology
Department of Unconventional Energy Sources and Electrical
Engineering, Dr Panjabrao Deshmukh Krlshi Vidyapeeth
Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University,
Mozambique;Department of Physics, Eduardo Mondlane University,
National Institute of Meteorology,Mozambique;Department of
Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway;
University of
Department of Process Engineering, University of Stellenbosch
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town.
Centre for Distributed Power Electronic Systems, Department of
Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology;
Department of Electrical Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of
Technology
Energy Technology Unit, Cape Peninsula University of Technology,
Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Mangosuthu Technikon;
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
School of Mechanical Engineering, North West University
Crime, Violence and Injury Lead Programme, Medical Research
Council, UNISA Institute for Social and Health Sciences;Biostatics
Unit, Medical Research Council; Department of Health, West
Coast/Winelands
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa;
Department of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway
Department of Business Management, University of Stellenbosch,
Stellenbosch
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, South Africa;
Department of Economics, University of Oslo, Norway
Mechanical Engineering Department, BRCM College of
Engineering and Technology, Bahal; Mechanical Engineering
Department, NIT, Kurukshetra; Mechanical Engineering
Department, NIT, Hamirpur
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zimbabwe;
Department of Metallurgical Engineering, University of Zimbabwe
Institute of Radiation Problems, Azerbaijan National Academy of
Sciences, Baki, Azerbaijan
Palmer Development Consulting, Pretoria, South Africa
Palmer Development Consulting, Pretoria, South Africa
Institute for Technological Innovation, University of Pretoria.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch;
Stellenbosch Automotive Engineering (Pty) Ltd.
Community Resources, School of Agricultural Sciences and
Agribusiness, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg;
University of Twente, Netherlands
North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
North-West University, Potchefstroom
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch,
Stellenbosch.
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Cape Town.
North West University, Potchefstroom Campus; CRCED Pretoria
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town; Sustainable
Energy Africa; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Cape Town
Department of Economics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South
Africa; Centre for Environmental Economics and Policy in Africa
(CEEPA), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
University of Venda for Science and Technology
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
North West University; TIASA; HVAC International
Department of Discipline, Community Resources, University of
KwaZulu-Natal
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Portfolio Committee - Minerals and Energy, Parliament RSA;
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Centre of Research and Commercialisation, University of
Potchefstroom; HVAC International (Pty) Ltd
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch.
Energy and Development Research Centre, University of Cape
Town
Potchefstroom University, CHE
Eskom, South Africa
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Technikon Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Potchefstroom
University for CHE, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Energy Cybernetics cc; Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Sch. of Mech. and Mat. Engineering, University of Potchefstroom
for CHE
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town.
Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for New Electricity
Studies, University of Pretoria; Sasol, South Africa
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa; Simunye RTS, Eskom Generation, South Africa
Energy Research Centre, University of Cape Town
Telecom. Facilities Mgmt. Company; Department of Computing,
Potchefstroom Univ. Chrstn. H.E.; TEMM International (Pty) Ltd,
Mathews Consolidated Investm. P.L.; Telecom. Facilities Mgmt.
Company, PO Box 11823, Wierda Park South, 0057, South Africa
Gender/Ener., Minerals/Ener. P.C., Mintek Building, 200 Hans
Strijdom Drive, Randburg, 2125, South Africa; Intgd. Natl.
Electrificat. Programme, Department of Minerals, Private Bag,
Roggebaai, 8102, South Africa
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Centre for New Electricity Studies,
University of Pretoria; Sasol Centre for New Electricity Studies,
University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch;
Centre for Automotive Engineering, Stellenbosch
Department of Electrical Engineering, Centre for New Electricity
Studies, University of Pretoria
Palmer Development Consulting, Pretoria, South Africa
Energy and Devmt. Res. Ctr. (EDRC), University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa; SouthSouthNorth Project, Cape Town,
South Africa
Mechanical Engineering, Potchefstroom University for CHE, Energy
Cybernetics, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Energy (Environment and Economics), Minerals and Energy Policy
Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa; Energy (Environment and
Economics), Minerals and Energy Policy Centre, P.O. Box 629,
Randburg 2194, South Africa
SENKOM, Ctr. of Res. and Commercialisation, University of
Potchefstroom, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Postgrad. Ctr. for
Commercialisation, University of Potchefstroom for CHE, PO Box
2156, Faerie Glen, Pretoria 0043, South Africa; TEMM
International, F
Power Electronics Group, Department of Electrical Engineering,
University of Cape Town, Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South
Africa
Ener./Development Research Centre, University of Cape Town,
Private Bag, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
University of the Western Cape, Department of Chemistry, Porous
Media Group, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa;
ESKOM TSI, Johannesburg, South Africa
Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Cape Town,
Rondebosch, South Africa
Energy Research Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa
Potchefstroom University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
Ener./Development Research Centre, University of Cape Town,
Rondebosch, South Africa.
Palmer Development Consulting, Pretoria, South Africa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Stellenbosch,
Stellenbosch, South Africa
Energy Research Institute (ERI), University of Cape Town, Cape
Town, South Africa
Artificial intelligence; Hourly temperature profiles; Temperature
prediction
Energy and Devmt. Res. Ctr. (EDRC), University of Cape Town,
Cape Town, South Africa
Policy Analyst (Energy Programme), Minerals and Energy Plcy. Ctr
(MEPC), Randburg, South Africa
Energy and Devmt. Research Centre, University of Cape Town,
Cape, Town, South Africa
Minerals and Policy Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa
Energy Research Institute, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
TI SO
Design and development of a 20 kW cleaning and SO
cooling system for a wood-chip gasifier
CDM: Taking stock and looking forward ENERGY POLICY
Modelling a sustainability yardstick in modern ENERGY POLICY
energisation of rural sub-Saharan Africa
What factors influence mitigative capacity? ENERGY POLICY
Loss of life in induction machines operating with IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
unbalanced supplies ENERGY CONVERSION
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over Co/TiO2: Effect of FUEL
ethanol addition
Changing energy profiles and consumption patterns ENERGY POLICY
following electrification in five rural villages, South
Africa
Diesel-selective hydrocracking of an iron-based ENERGY & FUELS
Fischer-Tropsch wax fraction (C-15-C-45) using a
MoO3-modified noble metal catalyst
A comparison of the environmental benefits of ENERGY POLICY
bagasse-derived electricity and fuel ethanol on a life-
cycle basis
Beyond free electricity: The costs of electric cooking ENERGY POLICY
in poor households and a market-friendly alternative
Improving the bioremediation of phenolic BIORESOURCE
wastewaters by Trametes versicolor TECHNOLOGY
Solving microwave heating model in a slab using APPLIED THERMAL
Hermite-Pade approximation technique ENGINEERING
A Monte Carlo method for thermal building ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
simulation
The influence of catalyst layer morphology on the JOURNAL OF POWER
electrochemical performance of DMFC anode SOURCES
Evolving microstructure in MnO2 using JOURNAL OF CRYSTAL
amorphisation and recrystallisation GROWTH
Catalytic hydroprocessing of coal-derived ENERGY & FUELS
gasification residues to fuel blending stocks: Effect
of reaction variables and catalyst on
hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrodenitrogenation
(HDN), and hydrodesulfurization (HDS)
Skeletal isomerization of Fischer-Tropsch-derived ENERGY & FUELS
pentenes: The effect of oxygenates
Oligomerization of Fischer-Tropsch olefins to ENERGY & FUELS
distillates over amorphous silica-alumina
The application of the attainable region analysis to CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
comminution SCIENCE
Preliminary investigation on fuel related properties of JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY
clove stem oil-diesel blended fuels and performance INSTITUTE
parameters of diesel engine
Solar energy trial in folovhodwe South Africa: RENEWABLE ENERGY
Lessons for policy and decision-makers
Solar chimney power plant performance JOURNAL OF SOLAR
ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Flow through a solar chimney power plant collector- JOURNAL OF SOLAR
to-chimney transition section ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Filtration combustion of hydrogen-air, propane-air, COMBUSTION EXPLOSION
and methane-air mixtures in inert porous media AND SHOCK WAVES
Selected papers from the Third HEFAT Conference HEAT TRANSFER
ENGINEERING
Renewable energy for sustainable development in RENEWABLE &
Africa: a review SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
REVIEWS
Effects of autoclaving and charcoal on root- BIORESOURCE
promoting substances present in water extracts TECHNOLOGY
made from gelling agents
Development of a plate-fin type gas turbine JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL
recuperator SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
The estimation of knock-points of fuels by a FUEL
weighted mean square error criterion
Soil bacterial functional diversity as influenced by BIORESOURCE
organic amendment application TECHNOLOGY
Heat integration of multipurpose batch plants using APPLIED THERMAL
a continuous-time framework ENGINEERING
Critical evaluation of solar chimney power plant SOLAR ENERGY
performance
Effect of coal particle size distribution on packed bed FUEL
pressure drop and gas flow distribution
Laboratory heat transfer experiments on a 155 mm JOURNAL OF PRESSURE
compound gun tube with full length integral mid-wall VESSEL TECHNOLOGY-
cooling channels TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Dewatering ultrafine clean coal in a T. H. Filter Press COAL PREPARATION
The addition of red lead to flat plate and tubular JOURNAL OF POWER
valve regulated miners cap lamp lead-acid batteries SOURCES
Ion energy dependence of nanodol formation by SOLAR ENERGY
nitrogen-bombarded InP MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Numerical simulation of the combined effects of JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY
natural gas composition and pilot diesel fuel injection INSTITUTE
pressure on the dual-fuel combustion of a natural
gas-air mixture under constant-volume conditions
A versatile computer simulation model for rotary HEAT TRANSFER
regenerative heat exchangers ENGINEERING
Solid phosphoric acid oligomerisation: Manipulating FUEL PROCESSING
diesel selectivity by controlling catalyst hydration TECHNOLOGY
Numerical investigation of fan performance in a APPLIED THERMAL
forced draft air-cooled steam condenser ENGINEERING
An approach to rural distribution network design for ENERGY CONVERSION
sub-Saharan Africa AND MANAGEMENT
An analysis of off grid electrical systems in rural Sub- ENERGY CONVERSION
Saharan Africa AND MANAGEMENT
Distillate production by oligomerization of Fischer- ENERGY & FUELS
Tropsch olefins over solid phosphoric acid
Reaction kinetics of pulverized coal-chars derived FUEL
from inertinite-rich coal discards: Characterisation
and combustion
Reaction kinetics of pulverized coal-chars derived FUEL
from inertinite-rich coal discards: Gasification with
carbon dioxide and steam
Sanitary hot water consumption patterns in ENERGY CONVERSION
commercial and industrial sectors in South Africa: AND MANAGEMENT
Impact on heating system design
Scheduled Online in 2010 NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL
Syngas production from South African coal sources INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
using Sasol-Lurgi gasifiers OF COAL GEOLOGY
Kinetic analysis of non-isothermal thermogravimetric FUEL
analyser results using a new method for the
evaluation of the temperature integral and multi-
heating rates
The interim fuel storage facility of the PBMR ANNALS OF NUCLEAR
ENERGY
Induced structural damages by He+ irradiation in SOLAR ENERGY
conducting transparent indium-tin oxide thin films MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Pebble bed modular reactor (PBMR) NUCLEAR PLANT JOURNAL
Fed batch production of hydrogen from palm oil mill INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
effluent using anaerobic microflora OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
A characterisation of the surface properties of an FUEL
ultra fine fly ash (UFFA) used in the polymer industry
Alkaline hydrothermal zeolites synthesized from high FUEL
SiO2 and Al2O3 co-disposal fly ash filtrates
Numerical investigation into the effect of cross-flow APPLIED THERMAL
on the performance of axial flow fans in forced ENGINEERING
draught air-cooled heat exchangers
The importance of the Coriolis force on CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
axisymmetric horizontal rotating thin film flows AND PROCESSING
Consolidated bioprocessing of cellulosic biomass: CURRENT OPINION IN
an update BIOTECHNOLOGY
A dependency of quantum efficiency of silicon IEEE PHOTONICS
CMOS n(+)pp(+) LEDs on current density TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
Heat transfer characteristics of a quadratic Koch HEAT TRANSFER
island fractal heat exchanger ENGINEERING
Optimising trans-national power generation and ENERGY POLICY
transmission investments: a Southern African
example
Hydrocracking of iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch ENERGY & FUELS
waxes
The effect of ionisation of spray in cooling air on the APPLIED THERMAL
wetting characteristics of finned tube heat ENGINEERING
exchanger
The occurrence of potentially hazardous trace INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
elements in five Highveld coals, South Africa OF COAL GEOLOGY
On adapting a small PM wind generator for a IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
multiblade, high solidity wind turbine. ENERGY CONVERSION
Energy services in sub-Saharan Africa: how ENERGY POLICY
conducive is the environment?
Chemical fractionation tests on South African coal FUEL
sources to obtain species-specific information on
ash fusion temperatures (AFT)
Investigation of delamination in an edge-defined film- SOLAR ENERGY
fed growth photovoltaic module MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Selected Papers from the Second HEFAT HEAT TRANSFER
Conference ENGINEERING
Influence of spiral angle an heat transfer during HEAT TRANSFER
condensation inside spiralled micro-fin tubes ENGINEERING
Thermal upgrading of Fischer-Tropsch olefins ENERGY & FUELS
Heat transfer during annular tube contact in a HEAT TRANSFER
helically coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger ENGINEERING
A model of household energy services in a low- ENERGY POLICY
income rural African village
Numerical investigation of the effect of inlet flow APPLIED THERMAL
distortions on forced draught air-cooled heat ENGINEERING
exchanger performance
Thermodynamics analysis of processes. 1. INDUSTRIAL &
Implications of work integration ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY
RESEARCH
Integral 3-D thermal, electrical and mechanical IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
design of an automotive DC/DC converter POWER ELECTRONICS
Refinement of the transfer characteristic correlation HEAT TRANSFER
of wet-cooling tower fills ENGINEERING
The modeling of the combustion of high-ash coal- FUEL
char particles suitable for pressurised fluidized bed
combustion: shrinking reacted core model
Spontaneous combustion of carbonaceous FUEL
stockpiles. Part I: The relative importance of various
intrinsic coal properties and properties of the
reaction system
Spontaneous combustion of carbonaceous FUEL
stockpiles. Part II. Factors affecting the rate of the
low-temperature oxidation reaction
Improving seedling vigour of indigenous medicinal BIORESOURCE
plants with smoke TECHNOLOGY
Meeting electrification's social objectives in South ENERGY POLICY
Africa, and implications for developing countries
APMP international comparison of AC-DC transfer IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
standards at the lowest attainable level of INSTRUMENTATION AND
uncertainty MEASUREMENT
Porosity measurements of electrodes used in lead- JOURNAL OF POWER
acid batteries SOURCES
Immobilized white-rot fungal biodegradation of BIORESOURCE
phenol and chlorinated phenol in trickling packed- TECHNOLOGY
bed reactors by employing sequencing batch
operation
Air-cooling induced from spinning of spin-casting APPLIED THERMAL
moulds ENGINEERING
Influence of temperature inversions on wet-cooling APPLIED THERMAL
tower performance ENGINEERING
Development of a thermofluid model for axial field IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
permanent-magnet machines ENERGY CONVERSION
Convective heat transfer coefficients in concentric HEAT TRANSFER
annuli ENGINEERING
Current-voltage characteristics of high- PROGRESS IN
concentration, photovoltaic arrays PHOTOVOLTAICS
Physical and chemical properties of fully synthetic ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
aviation turbine fuel from coal. OF THE AMERICAN
CHEMICAL SOCIETY
Sasol slurry phase distillate(TM) semi-synthetic ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS
aviation turbine fuel. OF THE AMERICAN
CHEMICAL SOCIETY
An open oscillatory heat pipe water pump APPLIED THERMAL
ENGINEERING
Evaluation of performance parameters of PV RENEWABLE ENERGY
modules deployed outdoors
Use of turbines for simultaneous pressure regulation ENERGY CONVERSION
and recovery in secondary cooling water systems in AND MANAGEMENT
deep mines
New interpretation reveals potential in onshore OIL & GAS JOURNAL
Algoa basin, South Africa
Ethanol-diesel fuel blends - a review BIORESOURCE
TECHNOLOGY
Transition processes in filtration gas combustion COMBUSTION EXPLOSION
AND SHOCK WAVES
Monitoring current-voltage characteristics and RENEWABLE ENERGY
energy output of silicon photovoltaic modules
Using turbine expanders to recover exothermic ENERGY
reaction heat - flow sheet development for typical
chemical processes
One-step methyl isobutyl ketone synthesis from CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
acetone and hydrogen using Amberlyst((R)) CH28 AND PROCESSING
The early adoption of green power by Dutch ENERGY POLICY
households - An empirical exploration of factors
influencing the early adoption of green electricity for
domestic purposes
Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked JOURNAL OF POWER
chitosan membranes for application as alternative SOURCES
proton exchange membrane materials in fuel cells
Renewable energy policy in South Africa: policy ENERGY POLICY
options for renewable electricity
Energy and the World Summit on Sustainable ENERGY POLICY
Development: what next?
Calculation of eddy current loss in axial field IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
permanent-magnet machine with coreless stator ENERGY CONVERSION
Alternative oxidants for silicon fuel in time-delay COMBUSTION SCIENCE
compositions AND TECHNOLOGY
The amenability of some Witbank bituminous ultra FUEL PROCESSING
fine coals to binderless briquetting TECHNOLOGY
Assessment of wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes for BIORESOURCE
biokraft pulping of softwood chips TECHNOLOGY
Investigation of foreign particles in polycrystalline SOLAR ENERGY
silicon using infrared microscopy MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Neural network applications for detecting process CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
faults in packed towers AND PROCESSING
Multiproject baselines for evaluation of electric ENERGY POLICY
power projects
Converting plant biomass to fuels and commodity SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL
chemicals in South Africa: a third chapter? OF SCIENCE
Clean coal conversion options using Fischer- FUEL
Tropsch technology
Demand side management for commercial buildings ENERGY CONVERSION
using an inline heat pump water heating AND MANAGEMENT
methodology
Quantifying exploration back-in options using DCF OIL & GAS JOURNAL
method undervalues asset
Solar chimney turbine characteristics SOLAR ENERGY
The use of thermogravimetry in establishing the FUEL
Fischer tar of a series of South African coal types
Thermal modelling of an axial flux permanent APPLIED THERMAL
magnet machine ENGINEERING
Numerical investigation of the effect of fan APPLIED THERMAL
performance on forced draught air-cooled heat ENGINEERING
exchanger plenum chamber aerodynamic behaviour
Analysis of the effect of parasitic resistances on the RENEWABLE ENERGY
performance of photovoltaic modules
Improving the understanding of a novel complex CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
azeotropic distillation process using a simplified AND PROCESSING
graphical model and simulation
Distributed generation in Nigeria's new energy POWER ENGINEER
industry
Comments on the use of tracers to test dense- COAL PREPARATION
medium plant efficiency
Galerkin finite element analysis of spin casting APPLIED THERMAL
cooling process ENGINEERING
Cleaner flue gas and energy recovery through pinch JOURNAL OF CLEANER
analysis PRODUCTION
Selected papers from the First HEFAT Conference HEAT TRANSFER
ENGINEERING
Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of HEAT TRANSFER
angled spiraling tape inserts in a heat exchanger ENGINEERING
annulus
Loss coefficient correlation for wet-cooling tower fills APPLIED THERMAL
ENGINEERING
Effect of wet screening on particle size distribution FUEL
and coal properties
Integration of a turbine expander with an exothermic ENERGY
reactor loop - Flow sheet development and
application to ammonia production
Small and moderate Prandtl number convection in a INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
porous layer heated from below OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Relationship between chemical composition and FUEL PROCESSING
pyrolysis behaviour of a medium temperature pitch TECHNOLOGY
(or Lurgi-gasifier pitch)
The influence of the pickling and curing processes in JOURNAL OF POWER
the manufacturing of positive tubular electrodes on SOURCES
the performance of lead-acid batteries
Assessment of the wind power potential at SANAE RENEWABLE ENERGY
IV base, Antarctica: a technical and economic
feasibility study
South Africa's east coast frontier offers untested mid OIL & GAS JOURNAL
to deepwater potential
Empirical model for methane oxidation using a FUEL
composted pine bark biofilter
Diesel engine failures due to combustion INDUSTRIAL LUBRICATION
disturbances, caused by fuel with insufficient AND TRIBOLOGY
lubricity
Pressure drop in solar power plant chimneys JOURNAL OF SOLAR
ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Biodegradation of waste cellulose JOURNAL OF POLYMERS
AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Design of a physical model of the PBMR with the aid NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
of Flownet AND DESIGN
Measurement and verification of a motor sequencing ENERGY
controller on a conveyor belt
Deepwater 2D data reveal Orange basin objectives OIL & GAS JOURNAL
off western South Africa
Modelling the effects of natural gas composition on JOURNAL OF THE
dual-fuel combustion under constant-volume INSTITUTE OF ENERGY
conditions
An assessment of South African prepaid electricity ENERGY POLICY
experiment, lessons learned, and their policy
implications for developing countries
Electricity and externalities in South Africa ENERGY POLICY
Characterization of degradation in thin-film RENEWABLE ENERGY
photovoltaic module performance parameters
A novel method to detect broken rotor bars in IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
squirrel cage induction motors when interbar ENERGY CONVERSION
currents are present
Experimental design and statistical evaluation of a FUEL PROCESSING
full-scale gasification project TECHNOLOGY
Solar chimney turbine performance JOURNAL OF SOLAR
ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Calculation of pressure and density in solar power JOURNAL OF SOLAR
plant chimneys ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Derating of induction motors operating with a IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
combination of unbalanced voltages and over or ENERGY CONVERSION
undervoltages
Investigation of the cooling of spin-casting moulds APPLIED THERMAL
ENGINEERING
The economics of energy efficiency for the poor - a ENERGY
South African case study
Biodegradation of wastepaper by cellulase from BIORESOURCE
Trichoderma viride TECHNOLOGY
Utilisation of reactor heat in methanol synthesis to APPLIED THERMAL
reduce compressor duty - application of power cycle ENGINEERING
principles and simulation tools
Biodevelopment of wastepaper as a resource of ENERGY & FUELS
renewable energy: Influence of enzyme
concentration and paper amount on the
bioconversion process
Effect of cross-flow on the performance of air-cooled APPLIED THERMAL
heat exchanger fans ENGINEERING
The effectiveness of lime, chicken manure and leaf BIORESOURCE
litter ash in ameliorating acidity in a soil previously TECHNOLOGY
under black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) plantation
Consider comprehensive CPD efforts to cut costs - HYDROCARBON
With performance real-time field data, designers can PROCESSING
devise process retrofits at the conceptual stage that
control project scope and minimize engineering
revisions during FEED and detailed engineering
Nutrient availability and maize growth in a soil BIORESOURCE
amended with earthworm casts from a South African TECHNOLOGY
indigenous species
Optimize surge vessel control - Proportional only HYDROCARBON
algorithm complements multivariable predictive PROCESSING
control
Optimal optical generation profiles in a-Si : H p-i-n SOLAR ENERGY
solar cells MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Effect of interface states at the SnO2/p-a-Si : H SOLAR ENERGY
interface in an a-Si : H solar cell MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
An investigation of the effects of diesel pilot injection JOURNAL OF THE
parameters on natural gas combustion under diesel INSTITUTE OF ENERGY
conditions
Experiments and modelling of natural gas INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
combustion ignited by a pilot diesel fuel spray OF THERMAL SCIENCES
Microbial, chemical and physical aspects of citrus BIORESOURCE
waste composting TECHNOLOGY
Long-term monitoring of photovoltaic devices RENEWABLE ENERGY
Spectral response of a-Si : H p-i-n solar cells SOLAR ENERGY
MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Some thermal studies on pyrotechnic compositions JOURNAL OF THERMAL
ANALYSIS AND
CALORIMETRY
HVAC control strategies to enhance comfort and ENERGY AND BUILDINGS
minimise energy usage
Dams and development - An insight to the report of IRRIGATION AND
the World Commission on Dams DRAINAGE
A performance comparison between an air-source INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
and a ground-source reversible heat pump OF ENERGY RESEARCH
The design and experimental verification of heat INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
exchanger accumulators used in small commercially OF ENERGY RESEARCH
available air conditioning systems
A continually online trained neurocontroller for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
excitation and turbine control of a turbogenerator ENERGY CONVERSION
How to efficiently plan a grassroots refinery HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING
Limiting carrier effect in a-Si : H solar cells SOLAR ENERGY
MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Analysis of zenith luminance data for all sky RENEWABLE ENERGY
conditions
Fischer-Tropsch: a futuristic view FUEL PROCESSING
TECHNOLOGY
Biotechnology and the utilization of biowaste as a TRENDS IN
resource for bioproduct development BIOTECHNOLOGY
Make your next turnaround the best ever HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING
Neural network modelling of coal pyrolysis FUEL
Demand side management for water heating INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
installations in South African commercial buildings OF ENERGY RESEARCH
Air-cooled heat exchanger inlet flow losses APPLIED THERMAL
ENGINEERING
Solar chimney cycle analysis with system loss and JOURNAL OF SOLAR
solar collector performance ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Compressible flow through solar power plant JOURNAL OF SOLAR
chimneys ENERGY ENGINEERING-
TRANSACTIONS OF THE
ASME
Improve APC uptime using analyzers with predictive HYDROCARBON
models PROCESSING
Environmental impacts associated with an INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
abandoned mine in the Witbank Coalfield, South OF COAL GEOLOGY
Africa
A study on zenith luminance on Madrid overcast RENEWABLE ENERGY
skies
Development of an alternative laboratory method to FUEL
determine thermal fragmentation of coal sources
during pyrolysis in the gasification process
Control level under fouling conditions HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING
Modern advanced control pays back rapidly HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING
Implementing a refinery information system HYDROCARBON
PROCESSING
Current-voltage curve asymmetry in a-Si : H solar SOLAR ENERGY
cells MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
X-ray fluorescence investigation of the Ga SOLAR ENERGY
distribution in Cu(In,Ga)Se-2 thin films MATERIALS AND SOLAR
CELLS
Seven sedimentary rock reference samples from OIL SHALE
Estonia
Trial run of FCCU additive reduces fuel-oil OIL & GAS JOURNAL
production in heavy feed
Performance analysis of a shaded-pole linear IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
induction motor using symmetrical components, field ENERGY CONVERSION
analysis, and finite element method
Development of energy model based on total daily RENEWABLE ENERGY
irradiation and maximum ambient temperature
The influence of return loop flow rate on stratification HEAT TRANSFER
in a vertical hot water storage tank connected to a ENGINEERING
heat pump water heater
Developing cost efficient control strategies to ensure APPLIED ENERGY
optimal energy use and sufficient indoor comfort
Computer simulation of the effect of phosphorous SOLAR ENERGY
doping of the i-layer in a thin-film a-Si : H p-i-n solar MATERIALS AND SOLAR
cell CELLS
Enhancing the impact of heat pump water heaters in ENERGY
the South African commercial sector
Analysis and performance of an ironless stator axial IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
flux PM machine ENERGY CONVERSION
The influence of a variable volume water heater on IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON
the domestic load profile ENERGY CONVERSION
Generating power and controversy: Understanding
Tanzania's independent power projects
Financing strategies for growth in the renewable
energy industry in South Africa
Energy efficient lighting and energy management
Performance evaluation of a 2 MW wind power
project
A solar energy resources assessment in
Mozambique
Decision support for evaluating energy demand in
vinification processes using fuzzy sets theory
Crude oil price movements and their impact on
South Africa
Technologies that contribute to reducing
environmental impacts of electrical production
The electricity supply industry in the Democratic
Republic of the Congo
Performance of a parabolic trough solar collector
Climate change mitigation: Capacity building and
training for SADC
From technology transfer to participative design: A
case study of pollution prevention in South African
townships
Safety issues relating to paraffin usage in Eshane,
Kwazulu-Natal
Energy price responsiveness in Zimbabwean mining
and manufacturing: A disaggregated demand
analysis
Replacement depreciation and price regulation
Demand for energy in Zimbabwe industries: An
aggregated demand analysis
Modelling and simulation of a solar absorption
cooling system for India
Estimating collectable solar energy by partially
shaded collectors using custom-designed charts and
tables: Demonstration for typical Zimbabwe
locations
Application of solar energy in the initial crude oil
treatment process in oil fields
Quantifying benefits of energy efficient house design
through monitoring of specified air quality and
household energy activity
Household paraffin consumption in four areas:
Benoni, Galeshewe, Gugulethu and Lady Grey
Granny shows the way: Results from implementing
an alternative fire-lighting method in Orange Farm
Stainless steel finned tube heat exchanger design
for waste heat recovery
From SHS to grid electricity in low-income rural
households
Determination of the impact on the standing losses
of installing blankets to electric hot water heaters in
South Africa
Measurement and verification of a municipal water
pumping project
How relevant to sub-Saharan Africa is the Kyoto
Protocol?
A heat pipe heat recovery heat exchanger for a mini-
drier
The impact of higher oil prices on Southern African
countries
A comparison of air emissions of thermal power
plants in South Africa and 15 European countries
Enhancing the efficiency of formal low-cost houses
by the development of a new low-cost ceiling system
The targeting of industrial energy audits for DSM
planning
Policies and scenarios for Cape Town's energy
future: Options for sustainable city energy
development
Constructing a greenhouse gas emissions inventory
using energy balances: The case of South Africa for
1998
Household energy needs and utilization patterns in
the Giyani rural communities of Limpopo Province,
South Africa
Energy and economic development: Challenges for
South Africa
Implementing energy efficiency policy in housing in
South Africa
A floating dome biogas digester: Perceptions of
energising a rural school in Maphephetheni,
KwaZulu-Natal
Carbon dioxide emissions from vehicles fuelled with
ethanol mixtures
The impacts of efficient residential lighting in
Matatiela, South Africa
Climate change mitigation: A training manual
A business model to overcome barriers to entry in
the South African downstream petroleum industry
Implementation of DSM strategies at the Kopanang
Mine
Testing the mitigation manual on trainers
Thermal modelling of a night sky radiation cooling
system
Consumer choice in an energy efficient lighting
context
Energy audit studies at the Tlokweng College of
Education - Gaborone, Botswana
Energizing Africa - A perspective from the South
African electrification experience
Prospects for efficient residential lighting in South
Africa
Energy audit studies at the Tlokweng College of
Education - Gaborone, Botswana
The findings on the pilot study application of the
South African Energy and Demand Efficiency
Standard
National policies and the CDM: Avoiding perverse
incentives
An energy management decision tool for induction
motor replacement/renewal
The energy profile of a rural community
The potential impact of the electricity basic services
support tariff on indoor air pollution and health in
South Africa
Energy management at a tertiary institution
Gender and income generation: A case study of the
Malamangwa community, Limpopo Province, South
Africa
An energy management tool for cryogenic air
separation plants
Thermal management of SUNSAT
A framework for energy management in cryogenic
air separation plants
The potential impact of an electricity basic services
tariff in non-grid electricity
Carbon financing for energy efficient low cost
housing
The scenario development of the carbon emission
offset projects for the 2002 world summit on
sustainable development
Phasing in the use of cleaner fuels in South African
industries: Policies, technologies and costs
Load shifting potential in South African mines
How Conducive to Electrification is the African Rural
Environment?
Dissemination of Solar Water Heaters in South
Africa: Policy Perspectives
Human contact with medium voltage lines:
Evaluation of high impedance earth fault detection
and protection
Bulletin Board to Operational Forward Energy
Market
Eskom's first experience with Wind Energy
Combining complex atmosphere aerosol research
with scientific outreach over the industrialised
highveld
Dish Stirling Applications for Rural Development
Inorganic direct methanol fuel cell
The use of EMI techniques to identify faults on
Eskom generators
PLC: Demonstrating the convergence capability of
the Technology
Mill maintenance enhancement through rotating
throat installations
Increasing network capacity by optimising voltage
regulation on medium and low voltage feeders
Proactive mitigation for Avian collision hazards
Development of 400Kv Guyed Strain structures
Energy efficiency and job creation - An input-output
model approach
How to use the commercial benchmarking database
to establish the potential of an energy-efficiency
upgrade in a commercial building
Sustainability issues in the restructured electricity
supply industry
Privatisation and liberalisation of the South African
electricity industry
The impact of electrification on other fuel uses: A
case study comparing two neighbouring areas in the
Limpopo Province
An insight on a three-fluid absorption refrigeration
machine based on experimental data
Development of a heat pipe (two-phase closed
thermosyphon) heat recovery heat exchanger for a
spray drier
An optimal energy and greenhouse gas mitigation
path for South Africa in the short to medium term
24-hour temperature prediction: A comparison of an
Al-model with conventional algorithms/mathematical
methods
Can carbon credits make solar home system
projects more viable?
Towards sustainable energy development - Policy
challenges for South Africa
Potential impacts of electricity industry restructuring
on renewable energy and energy efficiency
Stakeholders interaction in developing policy around
ESI restructuring in South Africa
A solar powered, back-to-back, liquid piston stirling
engine for water pumping
The safety of paraffin and LPG appliances for
domestic use
The use of neural networks to baseline the energy
use of a campus
KW
Biomass; Cleaning and cooling system;
Gasification; Wood-chip gasifier
clean development mechanism (CDM);
emission credits; project investment
sub-Saharan Africa; sustainable energisation;
technology diffusion and user-centred design
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT; CLIMATE-
CHANGE; EMISSIONS; COSTS
motor life and temperature rise; voltage
unbalance
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis; cobalt catalyst;
ethanol addition
domestic energy; fuelwood; electricity
CHAIN N-ALKANES; ZIRCONIA CATALYSTS;
SILICA-ALUMINA; HYDROISOMERIZATION;
HEXADECANE; ISOMERIZATION;
CONVERSION; ACIDITY; BALANCE;
DECANE
bagasse; ethanol; co-generation; life-cycle
assessment
poverty; electrification; LPG
Trametes versicolor; fungal bioremediation;
laccase; phenol; microbial activity
microwave heating model; infinite slab;
Hermite-Pade approximants; bifurcation study
Monte Carlo model; stochastic model;
deterministic model; building thermal
simulation; temperature distribution;
convolution
DMFC; catalyst; SECM; EIS
computer simulation; crystal structure; energy
storage; recrystallisation; oxides
SOLVENT-REFINED COAL; CETANE
IMPROVEMENT; PORE STRUCTURE;
WATER; DISTILLATES; QUINOLINE; OIL;
HYDROGENATION; KINETICS; PHENOLS
ETHERIFICATION; 1-PENTENE;
METHANOL; DEHYDRATION; CATALYSTS;
CRACKING; ZEOLITE; BUTENES; HZSM-5;
WATER
DIESEL FUELS; BED REACTOR;
CATALYSTS; ZSM-5; CONVERSION;
LIQUID; ACID; POLYMERIZATION;
DIMERIZATION; ZEOLITES
attainable regions; comminution; specific
energy; population balance model; process
synthesis; optimization
clove steam oil; diesel engine; diesel fuels; fuel
properties; performance
solar energy; pilot projects; renewable energy;
service providers; end users; policy and
decision makers
THEORETICAL PERFORMANCE; MODEL
solar energy; solar chimney; solar tower; radial-
to-axial flow; transition duct; loss coefficient
filtration combustion; porous media; hydrogen;
methane; propane; Lewis number
renewable energy; sustainable development;
environment; Africa
agar; auxin-like activity; Gelrite; mungbean
bioassay; rooting
bootstrap; efficiency curve; fuel blends
bootstrap; efficiency curve; fuel blends
Independent power projects; Power purchase
agreements; Power sector reform; Tanzania;
Tanzania Electric Supply Company Limited
Barriers to investment; Carbon credits; Carbon
trading; Dean development mechanism;
Financing process; Investment motives;
Renewable energy; Seed capital; Sustainable
development; Venture capital
Efficacy; Energy audit; Lighting efficiency
Performance; Power coefficient; Rating power;
Shutdown; System availability
Resources assessment; Solar energy; Solar
radiation components; Southern Africa
Energy minimization; Fuzzy logic; Maceration;
Vinification; Wine industry
Dependence; Domestic resource; Inflation;
Price fluctuations; Supply management
Electrical production; Energy consumption;
Energy technology; Environmental impacts;
Research and development
Electricity use; Hydropower; Public private
partnership
Acceptance angle; Optical efficiency; Parabolic
trough collector; Time constant
Air pollution; Devolatilised coal; Electrification;
eMbalenhle air quality project; Low-smoke
stoves low-smoke fuels
Energy usage; Eshane; Households; Kwazulu-
Natal; Paraffin; Paraffin-related injuries; Safety
measures
Energy share equations; Interfuel substitution;
Own-and cross-price elasticities of demand;
Taxes
Depreciation; Depreciation lifetimes; Price
regulation; Replacement cost
Elasticites; Interfuel substitution; Taxes;
Translog
Cooling; Flat plate collector; Simulation; Solar
absorption; Water-lithium bromide solution
Charts collector; Shading analysis; Solar
geometry
Ecology; Fossil fuels; Heat exchanger; Initial
crude oil treatment; Parabolic trough solar
plant; Solar reactor
Air quality; Benoni; Energy efficient design;
Fuel expenditure; Lady Grey; Low-cost
housing; Space heating
Association of South Africa; Benoni; Energy
expenditure; Galeshewe; Gugulethu;
Households; Lady Grey; Paraffin; Paraffin
Safety
Air pollution; Basa Njengo Magogo fire lighting
method; Coal; Firewood; Orange Farm.
High pressure; High temperature; Radial
finned tubes; Stainless steel heat exchanger.
Domestic electrical equipment; Grid electricity;
Maphephetheni; Solar Home (PV) systems
Blankets; Demand side management; Hot
water heaters; Measurement and verification;
Standing losses
Baseline development; Load management;
Measurement and verification; Water pumping
Clean development mechanism; Kyoto
Protocol; Sub-Saharan Africa
Air drying; Energy savings; Heat pipe heat
exchangers; Thermosyphons
Oil dependence; Oil intensities; Price shocks;
Vulnerability
Air pollution; Electricity; Pollutant register;
Power generation
Energy efficiency; Installation; Low-cost ceiling
system; Low-cost housing; Thermal efficiency
Demand side management; Electricity
consumption; Energy audits; Energy saving;
Industrial energy audits; Payback periods
Cape Town; Energy development; Energy
policy; Energy savings; Energy use patterns;
Sustainable development
Economic sectors; Emission factors; Energy
balances; Greenhouse gas emissions;
Greenhouse gas inventory; IPCC; South Africa
Energy sources; Giyani rural communities;
Households; Houseld energy; Limpopo
Province; South Africa
Energy economy linkages; Energy for
sustainable development; Energy supply and
consumption; Externalities
Energy efficiency in housing; Residential
based carbon reduction; Sustainable
development in housing; Thermal comfort in
housing.
Biogas; Myeka High School; Rural
electrification; School energisation.
Compact fluorescent lamps; Energy
consumption; Free give-aways; Market
transformation
Basic fuel price; Downstream petroleum
industry; Energy White Paper; Import parity
price; Petroleum products
Demand side management; Kopanang Mine;
Optimum operating schedule
Night sky radiation cooling; Radiation cooling
system; Sky radiation cooling; Thermal
modelling
Compact fluorescent lamps; Market
transformation; Public awareness; Residential
lighting
Energy audit; Energy efficient facilities; Energy-
efficiency
Electricity consumption; Electrification
initiative; Electrification programme; Eskom;
South Africa
Compact fluorescent lamps; Residential
lighting; Savings
Energy audit; Energy efficient facilities; Energy-
efficiency
Efficient buildings; Energy guideline; Energy
standard; Energy-efficiency; SAEDES
CDM Executive Board; Clean Development
Mechanism; Renewable energy projects;
South Africa.
Energy efficiency; Energy intensive plant;
Large induction motors
Energy profile; Energy use; Fuels;
Households; Rural community
Household fuel use; Indoor air pollution and
health; Poverty tariff
Commercial buildings; Cost savings; Energy
management; Energy strategy; Energy usage;
Hostel energy usage; Peak demand; Sub-
metering
Economic development; Energy; Gender;
Income generation; Limpopo Province;
Malamangwa Community; South Africa2004
Cryogenic air separation plants; Energy
conversion model; Energy management
Microsatellites; SUNSAT; Thermal analysis
systems; Thermal management
Cryogenic air separation plants; Energy
management; Energy policy; Energy strategy
EBSST; Free basic services; Non-grid
electrification; Poverty; Rural electrification
Clean development mechanism; Climate
change mitigation; Residential; Thermal
performance
Cleaner fuels; Dirty fuels; Pollution; South
Africa technologies
Demand Side Management; Energy
Management; Load Shifting; Mine Simulation
African rural environment; Electrification;
Policy; Rural communities; Social equity
Botswana; Data analysis; Dissemination
strategies; Solar Water Heating; South Africa
Energy efficiency; Input-output model; Job
creation; Optimisation
Energy benchmarking; Energy database;
Potential energy savings
Electricity; Energy efficiency; Energy policy;
Renewable energy; South Africa;
Sustainability; White Paper
Electricity; Eskom; Liberalisation; Privatisation;
Restructuring models; South Africa
Energy use; Research methodology; Rural
electrification
Absorption; Experimental data; Refrigeration;
Thermal energy
Heat exchangers; Heat pipes; Heat recovery;
Mathematical modelling; Spray driers; Two-
phase thermosyphon
Baseline; Carbon dioxide emissions; Case
studies; Energy resources; Energy system;
Greenhouse gas; Integrated energy planning;
Integrated resource approach; LEAP model;
MARKAL model; South Africa
Electricity distribution industry; Energy
efficiency; Environment electricity supply
industry; Power sector reform; Renewable
energy; Restructuring
Electricity sector; Electricity supply industry;
Energy white paper; Restructuring;
Stakeholders
Low delta T stirling engine; Rural water
pumping; Solar power – thermal
Energy white paper; LPG appliances; Paraffin;
Stoves; Temperature
Baseline; Demand-side management; Neural
networks
CAT
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Energy & Fuels; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies
Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Energy & Fuels
Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical;
Mechanics
Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering,
Civil
Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels
Crystallography
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels
Energy & Fuels
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical
Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary;
Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics
Energy & Fuels
Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology;
Energy & Fuels
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical
AB Field22
The present study was undertaken with the objectives to develop a filter system for a 20 kW SN
engine application and to test the filter. It was observed that tar content in the gas ranged from
12.4 to 85 mg/m3, which was considered on the higher side, in so
The Kyoto Protocol's clean development mechanism (CDM) was established in 1997 with the 0301-
dual purposes of assisting non-Annex I Parties in achieving sustainable development and 4215
assisting Annex I Parties in achieving compliance with their quantified greenho
The bulk of rural Africa (as well as much of the third world) remains un-electrified and is 0301-
underserved or poorly served by any other form of modern energy infrastructure. In case of a 4215
deep sub-Sahara African country like Kenya it is often dismissively ar
This article builds on Yohe's seminal piece on mitigative capacity, which elaborates 0301-
'determinants' of mitigative capacity, also reflected in the IPCC's third assessment report. We 4215
propose a revised definition, where mitigative capacity is a country's abi
This paper estimates motor life when a motor is supplied with a combination of over- or 0885-
undervoltages with unbalanced voltages. The motor life is predicted by estimating the stator 8969
winding insulation life of squirrel cage motors using Arrhenius' equations
The effect of the addition of ethanol (2% and 6%) during Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis has 0016-
been investigated using a 10% Co/TiO2 catalyst in a stirred basket reactor (T = 220 degrees C, 2361
P = 8 bar, H-2/CO = 2). The transformation of ethanol vapour (2% and
Following the democratic transition in South Africa in the early 1990s the government has 0301-
implemented a widespread electrification programme, as well as introduced a free basic 4215
electricity allowance as a means of poverty alleviation. Yet there are limited
Iron-based low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch wax, in the carbon number range of C-15-C-45, 0887-
was hydrocracked using an unsulfided Pt/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst, modified with MoO3. The 0624
selective production of diesel having a low cloud point (-18 degrees C) combined
The energetic utilisation of agricultural residues is considered to be an important element in any 0301-
strategy to achieve renewable energy targets. In the approximately 80 cane-sugar producing 4215
countries there is potential to make better use of the fibrous re
The South African government is introducing a poverty-reduction policy that will supply 0301-
households with a monthly 50 kWh free basic electricity (FBE) subsidy. We show that FBE 4215
distorts the energy choices of poor households by encouraging them to cook with
The successful bioremediation of a phenolic wastewater by Trametes versicolor was found to 0960-
be dependent on a range of factors including: fungal growth, culture age and activity and 8524
enzyme (laccase) production. These aspects were enhanced by the optimisati
We employ Hermite-Pade approximation method to explicitly construct the approximate 1359-
solution of steady state reaction-diffusion equations with source term that arise in modeling 4311
microwave heating in an infinite slab with isothermal walls. In particular, w
A simplified Monte Carlo method for finding an approximation of the building inside temperature 0378-
distribution is given. Present simulation techniques are either over-simplified and use only a 7788
deterministic method, or are highly complex stochastic models. T
The anodes with different morphology for DMFC were prepared, and the influences of the 0378-
microstructure of anode catalyst layer on their electrochemical performance were investigated 7753
by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM), scanning electron microscop
The electrochemical properties of gamma-MnO2 are governed by the rich and complex 0022-
microstructure it accommodates. However, characterisation, at the atormstic level, of this 0248
material is difficult experimentally; rather the materials are typified by their X
Gas liquors, tar oils, and tar products resulting from the coal gasification of a high-temperature 0887-
Fischer-Tropsch plant can be successfully refined to fuel blending components by the use of 0624
severe hydroprocessing conditions. High operating temperatures a
Skeletal isomerization of 1-pentene to 2-methyl-1-butene (2M1B) and 2-methyl-2-butene 0887-
(2M2B) provides the precursors for etherification with methanol to produce tertiary amyl methyl 0624
ether ( TAME), an oxygenate fuel additive for octane improvement. Althoug
The oligomerization of Fischer-Tropsch-derived olefins over amorphous silica-alumina (ASA) 0887-
has been investigated at pilot-plant scale in the region of 140-265 degrees C and 3.5-6.8 MPa. 0624
The distillate yield is thermodynamically limited, and yields of 65-7
The aim of any comminution circuit is to produce material of a desired particle size distribution 0009-
(PSD) at a minimum operational cost. Currently, the comminution process is energy intensive 2509
and operates at very low efficiency when the input energy is comp
Oil extracted from clove stems was tested for several important fuel properties and compared 1743-
with standard diesel fuel. The viscosity of this oil lies between the minimum and maximum 9671
required values of the standard diesel fuel. It has very low cetane numb
In Mutale Local Authority of South Africa, a photovoltaic pilot project was commissioned to 0960-
provide off-grid electricity to 582 households residing in Folovhodwe village. The aim was to try 1481
a renewable source of energy supply in a rural settlement area. T
This paper evaluates the performance of a large-scale solar chimney power plant. The study 0199-
considers the performance of a particular reference plant under specified meteorological 6231
conditions at a reference location in South Africa. A computer simulation p
A solar chimney power plant consists of a large greenhouse-type collector surrounding a tall 0199-
chimney. The air heated within the collector passes through an inlet guide vane (IGV)cascade 6231
and then through a transition section to a turbine that powers a gene
The filtration combustion characteristics of hydrogen-air, propane-air, and methane-air 0010-
mixtures in inert porous media have been studied experimentally. It is shown that the 5082
dependences of the combustion wave velocity on the fuel-air equivalence ratio are
0145-
7632
Renewable energy usage in Africa has been reviewed using South Africa. Egypt. Nigeria and 1364-
Mali as case studies. The various national energy policies of these countries were analysed 0321
and areas that require attention to achieve sustainability were highlight
The root-promoting ability of water extracts made from gelling agents (agar and Gelrite) was 0960-
investigated using the mungbean rooting bioassay. Autoclaving these water extracts decreased 8524
the number of roots in mungbean cuttings compared to the controls. Th
A plate-fin type recuperator for a gas turbine/fuel cell hybrid power generation system was 1738-
designed, manufactured, and tested. Performance analysis shows that the performance of the 494X
system is directly affected by the performance of the recuperator. There
For fuels tested at critical compression ratio, the in-cylinder pressure development exhibits a 0016-
distinct change in the pressure rise rate, argued to be the onset of knock. The estimation of the 2361
position of knock is important for the evaluation of the bum
The aim of the present work was to assess the response of microbial functional diversity to 0960-
organic soil amendment and the relationship between the microbial functional diversity and soil 8524
carbon availability. Household solid waste compost, horse and rabbi
Presented in this paper is a continuous-time mathematical formulation for optimization of heat 1359-
integrated batch chemical plants. This formulation is applicable to both multipurpose and 4311
multiproduct facilities in which opportunities for direct heat integra
This paper evaluates the influence of a recently developed convective heat transfer equation, 0038-
more accurate turbine inlet loss coefficient, quality collector roof glass and various types of soil 092X
on the performance of a large scale solar chimney power plan
This paper focuses on the role of coal particle size distribution on pressure drop and gas flow 0016-
distribution through packed coal beds. This fundamental knowledge is helpful in better 2361
understanding the operational behaviour of fixed bed dry bottom gasifier
A 155 nun compound gun barrel with full-length integral mid-wall cooling channels was 0094-
manufactured and connected to a purpose built heat exchanger Laboratory testing of this 9930
system was carried out using electrical heating jackets applied to the outer surf
This study demonstrates a low-cost, high-efficiency filter press technology for dewatering minus 0734-
150 mm column flotation clean coal products from two coal mines. Pilot-scale in-plant 9343
demonstration of this technology at these two locations provided stable,
The study looked at the use of red lead in the manufacturing of valve regulated lead acid 0378-
(VRLA) miners cap lamp (MCL) batteries that were made with either flat plate or tubular 7753
positive electrodes. A problem with using only grey oxide in the manufacture
When InP is bombarded with noble gas ions or nitrogen ions, nano-scaled sputter cones 0927-
appear on the surface. In this study, we report on the ion energy dependence of the surface 0248
topography due to nitrogen ion bombardment. InP(I 0 0) substrates were bombar
The objective of this work is to investigate numerically the combined effect of natural gas (NG) 1743-
composition and pilot diesel fuel injection pressure on the dual-fuel (DF) combustion of the NG - 9671
air mixture under constant-volume conditions. A three-dimens
A simulation technique for predicting the thermal performance of rotary regenerative heat 0145-
exchangers, in particular those used for heating the intake air to power station boilers, has 7632
been developed and verified by means of site measurements. Various geom
Solid phosphoric acid (SPA) catalyst is traditionally used in crude oil refineries to produce 0378-
unhydrogenated motor-gasoline by propene and butene oligomerisation. SPA is also used in 3820
High-Temperature Fischer-Tropsch refineries (HTFT) to produce synthetic
Inlet air flow distortions in a large air-cooled steam condenser (ACSC), caused by structures, 1359-
wind and other fans may result in a significant reduction in fan performance, or volumetric 4311
effectiveness, as well as fan blade vibration. This phenomenon has a
The bulk of rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa have no access to electricity and are under- 0196-
served by any other form of modern infrastructure. The cost of infrastructure to mainly 8904
scattered communities has been perennially cited as largely to blame. Q
The decade leading up to the end of the last millennium saw systematic unbundling and 0196-
privatisation of power utility companies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The new profit driven 8904
entrepreneurs have swiftly moved to consolidate in urban enclaves and put paid to a
The conversion of Fischer-Tropsch derived olefins over solid phosphoric acid (SPA) is 0887-
practiced commercially. Although it is mostly used for motor-gasoline production, it is also used 0624
to produce distillates to increase refinery flexibility. During distill
An investigation was undertaken to determine the chemical, structural, mineralogical and 0016-
petrographic (maceral groups) properties of coal-chars derived from typical South African 2361
discards, in order to evaluate a suitable combustion reaction rate model. De
An investigation was undertaken to determine the kinetics of gasification of coal-chars 0016-
(pulverized) derived from typical South African inertinite-rich (high-ash) coals involving char 2361
reactions with carbon dioxide and steam and the effects of carbon monox
A large amount of individual sanitary hot water consumers are present in the South African 0196-
residential sector. This led to several studies being done on hot water consumption patterns in 8904
this sector. Large amounts of sanitary hot water are also consumed i
0892-
2055
Sasol has been operating the Sasol-Lurgi fixed bed coal gasification process for more than fifty 0166-
years, and with ninety seven units in operation still remains the world's largest commercial 5162
application of this technology. The combined operational and engi
A technique using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser results was developed for the 0016-
validation of reaction rate models together with associated parameters suitable for chemically 2361
controlled gas-solid reactions. The solution of the temperature integr
The PBMR's spent fuel and partially burnt fuel are stored in the sphere storage system (SSS), 0306-
which acts as the interim fuel storage facility of the plant. It is unique in the world since the fuel 4549
is stored in bulk containers (called storage tanks), each
Irradiation of polycrystalline sputter-deposited ITO thin films on float-glass substrates was 0927-
performed with high-energy MeV He+ ion beam implantation at doses in the range 2-6 x 0248
10(+15) ions/cm(2). A significant change in both surface morphology and crys
0892-
2055
Anaerobic production of hydrogen from palm oil mill effluent (POME) by microflora. was 0360-
investigated in 5-1 bioreactor at 60 degrees C and pH 5.5. POME sludge was collected from 3199
the anaerobic pond of a POME treatment plant at a palm oil mill and used as a
Fly ash is the residue from the combustion of pulverised coal in thermal power stations. It 0016-
consists of a variety of particle sizes of hollow silica-alumina spheres, which can be utilised as 2361
a custom made filler material in a number of industries, e.g. pl
A co-disposal reaction was used wherein fly ash (FA) was reacted with acid mine drainage 0016-
(AMD), to collect filtrates for zeolite synthesis. Raw fly ash as well as fly ash leached with HCl 2361
were subjected to the same alkaline hydrothermal zeolite synthesis
Air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) which utilise large arrays of axial fans, commonly suffer 1359-
from inlet flow losses related to off-axis flow into the fans. This investigation aims to extend 4311
current knowledge on the effect of off-axis inflow on the perform
The steady axisymmetric flow of a thin fluid layer on a rotating disk is studied. It is shown that 0255-
within the restrictions of lubrication theory the Coriolis force is of the same magnitude as inertia 2701
and therefore negligible at leading order. In this pape
Biologically mediated processes seem promising for energy conversion, in particular for the 0958-
conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels. Although processes featuring a step dedicated 1669
to the production of cellulase enzymes have been the focus of most
A dependency of quantum efficiency of nn(+)pp(+) silicon complementary metal-oxide- 1041-
semiconductor integrated light-emitting devices on the current density through the active device 1135
areas is demonstrated. It was observed that an increase in current density
Heat exchangers are widely used in the air conditioning and refrigeration industries, and any 0145-
increase in their efficiency will have a positive effect on the industry as well. A new design of 7632
heat exchanger is proposed that will increase the heat transfer
Increased integration and co-operation within the Southern African power sector has opened 0301-
up significant opportunities for reducing the economic and environmental costs of meeting 4215
increasing electricity demand in Southern Africa. This paper applies a lin
Sasol iron-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reactor waxes were hydrocracked at 3.5 and 7.0 0887-
MPa hydrogen pressure to fuels using a NiMo on SiO2/Al2O3 catalyst. The aim was to 0624
predominantly produce diesel. The effects of feed carbon number distribution, react
A major concern when introducing a water spray to pre-cool the air flowing into a finned tube 1359-
heat exchanger is that wetting of the heat exchanger surface may cause corrosion. In an 4311
attempt to prevent droplets from impacting and wetting the heat exchanger
Permian coals of the southern hemisphere are generally considered to contain lower 0166-
concentrations of sulfides, halogens, and trace elements when compared to northern 5162
hemisphere Carboniferous coals. Few studies have considered the trace element content in
This paper explores the design space that exists between multiblade, high-solidity water- 0885-
pumping turbines and modern high-speed two and three-bladed horizontal axis wind turbines 8969
(HAWTs). In particular, it compares the features and performance of a small
The bulk of rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa have no access to electricity and are under- 0301-
served by any other form of modern infrastructure. The cost of infrastructure to mainly 4215
scattered communities has been perennially cited as largely to blame. T
Coals from the different sources used by Sasol vary substantially in terms of chemical and 0016-
physical properties and directly relates to gasifier behavior. Due to the large variation in coal 2361
properties from various sources, detailed coal and feedstock chara
In this study, we have carefully analysed the performance degradation in an edge-defined film- 0927-
fed growth (EFG) module due to delamination and moisture ingress. Our results showed that 0248
this degradation is directly related to the delamination as well as the
0145-
7632
This paper reports the influence of the spiral angle on the heat transfer performance during 0145-
condensation inside spiraled micro-fin tubes having constant geometric parameters such as fin 7632
height,pitch, shape (apex angle), and fin number, as various papers
Thermal oligomerization is a radical based conversion process. It offers specific advantages to 0887-
linear olefinic feed with a high alpha-olefin content, like primary Fischer-Tropsch products. 0624
Thermal oligomerization of C-4-C-14 Fischer-Tropsch feed material
Helically wound tube-in-tube heat exchangers are manufactured by coiling two tubes, one 0145-
placed inside the other. This method often results in the tubes not sharing the same center line, 7632
and therefore annular contact occurs in some cases. An experimental c
Energy use is closely linked to quality of life in rural Africa. The gathering of fuel-wood and 0301-
other traditional fuels is a strenuous and time consuming task mainly performed by women; 4215
indoor exposure to particulate matter, mainly from cooking and heatin
Forced draught air-cooled heat exchangers (ACHEs) are often arranged into banks consisting 1359-
of multiple rows of fan-heat exchanger combinations. Fans on the outer edge of the banks are 4311
subject to severe cross-flow conditions as the air is swept past en rou
This paper describes a new technique to analyze processes with a positive change in the Gibbs 0888-
free energy, AG, based on the second law of thermodynamics. In particular, the application of a 5885
two-stage process, consisting of an endothermic high-temperature
Power electronics is finding increasingly more applications in high temperature environments 0885-
where power density is also a driving factor. The engine compartment of a passenger vehicle is 8993
one such example. In this paper, an integral thermal, electrical, a
Transfer characteristic correlations given in the literature for wet-cooling tower fills are generally 0145-
only a function of the air and water mass flow rates. This is a gross simplification of a very 7632
complex heat and mass transfer (evaporative cooling) proc
An investigation was undertaken involving the combustion of high-ash coal/char particles under 0016-
conditions suitable for pressurised fluidised bed combustion, in order to evaluate an overall 2361
combustion model. The use of very poor quality feedstocks (greater
The likelihood of a coal stockpile or carbonaceous waste dump undergoing spontaneous 0016-
combustion is strongly influenced by factors that relate to both the intrinsic properties of the 2361
material itself, as well as the properties of the reaction system. An und
In part 1 of this paper, the rate of the low-temperature oxidation reaction was found to be 0016-
critical in determining the relative tendency of a carbonaceous material to self heat and hence 2361
undergo spontaneous combustion. A static isothermal apparatus was d
The application of smoke and aqueous smoke solutions stimulates seed germination in a 0960-
number of plant species. This study highlights the effects of aerosol smoke and smoke 8524
solutions on the germination and seedling vigour of three South African indigenous
Electrification programmes and projects are usually planned and evaluated on the basis of their 0301-
economic (financial) and socioeconomic performance. It is not usually recognised that 4215
electrification is often carried out for social objectives of poverty all
This paper presents preliminary results of the APMP.EM-K6a key comparison of ac-dc transfer 0018-
conducted during 2000 to 2003. The ac-dc voltage transfer difference of the travelling standard 9456
was measured at 3 V and selected frequencies from 1 kHz to 1 MHz th
A method is presented that determines the porosity of a complete electrode plate used in lead- 0378-
acid batteries. It requires only elementary equipment and is simple to operate, so that 7753
laboratory workers can use it as a routine method during manufacturing to
The biodegradation of phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) by immobilized white-rot 0960-
fungal cultures was studied in pinewood chip and foam glass bead-packed trickling reactors. 8524
The reactors were operated in sequencing batch format. Removal efficien
The quality of spin cast products and mould life are critically dependent on the thermal 1359-
conditions they are exposed to. An investigation was carried out on the effect of air-cooling 4311
induced by the spinning of the mould and its consequences on the thermal
Nocturnal temperature inversions have a detrimental effect on the performance of natural draft 1359-
wetcooling towers. The effects of the temperature inversion profile, the height of the inversion 4311
and the height from which air is drawn into the cooling tower,
In this paper, a thermofluid model combining a lumped parameter heat transfer model and an 0885-
air-flow model of a typical axial-field permanent-magnet (AFPM) machine is developed. The 8969
accuracy and consistency of the derived model are assessed by comparing th
The geometric shape of a passage's cross-section has an effect on its convective heat transfer 0145-
capabilities. For concentric annuli, the diameter ratio of the annular space plays an important 7632
role. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent
The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems have always been a good 1062-
indicator of the overall performance of a system. The aim of this paper is to give an overview 7995
and elucidate the use of the I-V characteristics of concentrator
0065-
7727
0065-
7727
The use of an open oscillatory heat pipe (or open pulsating heat pipe) for pumping water is 1359-
considered, as the need to pump water in rural areas remains a primary requirement in 4311
developing rural areas. A possible design for the pump is given and has been
This paper evaluates the performance parameters of five photovoltaic (PV) modules 0960-
comprising crystalline silicon, multi-crystalline silicon and edge-defined film-fed growth (EFG) 1481
silicon technologies. This evaluation was accomplished by measuring and anal
A system is proposed that uses a reverse-running multistage pump acting as a turbine to do 0196-
simultaneous pressure regulation and pressure recovery in secondary cooling water systems in 8904
deep mines. The turbine drives a standard induction motor that acts as
0030-
1388
Ethanol is an attractive alternative fuel because it is a renewable bio-based resource and it is 0960-
oxygenated, thereby providing the potential to reduce particulate emissions in compression- 8524
ignition engines. In this review the properties and specifications
The behavior of gas filtration combustion waves in the low-velocity regime has been studied 0010-
experimentally with variation in the parameters of the gas flow and porous medium. It is shown 5082
that in transition processes there may be quenching or formation of
Photovoltaic (PV) system designers use performance data of PV modules to improve system 0960-
design and make systems more cost effective. The collection of this valuable data is often not 1481
done due to the high costs associated with data acquisition systems. In
The integration of a turbine expander into different types of high pressure, exothermic chemical 0360-
synthesis processes is considered. In conventional systems, the reaction heat is often 5442
transferred to generate steam to drive steam turbines or used for heat
The consecutive condensation, dehydration and hydrogenation of acetone were studied in a lab 0255-
scale trickle bed reactor. Amberlyst(R) CH28, a commercial palladium impregnated cation 2701
exchange resin catalyst was used. Acetone conversions varying from 25 to 5
The results of this study provide empirical insight into factors influencing the early adoption of 0301-
green electricity by Dutch residential users. Earlier research revealed that early adoption is 4215
closely related to social visibility, which is lacking in the
Chitosan membranes cross-linked in sulfuric acid are evaluated for their thermal stability, water 0378-
absorption and proton conductivity properties as alternative proton exchange membrane (PEM) 7753
material for application in fuel cells. Chitosan membranes are fo
Investment in renewable energy and energy efficiency is important to reduce the negative 0301-
economic, social and environmental impacts of energy production and consumption in South 4215
Africa. Currently, renewable energy contributes relatively little to primary
Given the importance of energy issues to sustainable development, energy was a priority issue 0301-
at the World Summit on Sustainable Development in August 2002. The objective of this paper 4215
is to examine the outcomes of the Summit on energy, and to assess them
This paper presents a hybrid method for the calculation of eddy current loss in coreless stator 0885-
axial field permanent-magnet (AFPM) machines. The method combines the use of two- 8969
dimensional finite element (FE) field analysis and the closed-form eddy loss f
Antimony trioxide, lead chromate, and copper antimonite are suitable oxidants for silicon metal 0010-
in time-delay compositions ignitable by shock tubing. Measured burn rates for these systems 2202
vary from 6 to 30 mm/s. Lead chromate mixtures burned fastest under
Five ultra fine bituminous coals from the Witbank coalfield were studied. Selected chemical and 0378-
physical properties, coal petrographic characteristics and mineralogical compositions of the 3820
coals were measured. The coals were compacted, using a briquetting
Wood-inhabiting Basidiomycetes have been screened for various applications in the pulp and 0960-
paper industry and it is evident that different fungi need to be used to suit the specific 8524
requirements of each application. This study assessed the suitability of
The presence of SiC and SNO particles in as-grown polycrystalline silicon has been 0927-
investigated using infrared (IR) microscopy. These foreign particles were also characterized 0248
using electron beam induced current measurements, and scanning electron microsc
Artificial neural networks can be used as a fault diagnostic tool in chemical process industries. 0255-
Connection strengths representing correlation between inputs (sensor measurements) and 2701
outputs (faults) are made to learn by the network using the back propa
Calculating greenhouse gas emissions reductions from climate change mitigation projects 0301-
requires construction of a baseline that sets emissions levels that would have occurred without 4215
the project. This paper describes a standardized multiproject methodolo
There have been two distinct chapters in the history of converting cellulosic biomass to fuels 0038-
and commodity chemicals in South Africa. The first chapter, from the late 1970s to the early 2353
1990s, involved some of the most active research and development ef
Material and energy balances were prepared for two coal conversion options for the co- 0016-
production of liquid hydrocarbon products and electricity. The results are compared to the 2361
alternative approach of producing liquid hydrocarbons from natural gas. It is
Most of the sanitary hot water used in South African buildings is heated by means of direct 0196-
electrical resistance heaters. This is one of the major contributors to the undesirably high 8904
morning and afternoon peaks imposed on the national electricity supply
0030-
1388
A typical layout of a solar chimney power plant has a single axial turbine with radial inflow 0038-
through inlet guide vanes at the base of the chimney. Turbine efficiency depends on the turbine 092X
blade row and turbine diffuser loss coefficients. The paper prese
A method has been developed, by which the tar producing propensity of coal (Fischer assay) 0016-
can be assessed from a single trace of a thermogravimetric simulation of the proximate 2361
analysis of coal. It was found that, for a suite of 22 South African coal typ
The imperative for conserving energy highlights the need for considering the more widespread 1359-
implementation of higher efficiency electric machines such as the axial flux permanent magnet 4311
(AFPM) machine. Because of their compact geometry and high power den
The primary purposes of this numerical investigation is to determine to what extent the 1359-
performance characteristics of a particular axial flow fan affects the plenum chamber 4311
aerodynamic behaviour of a forced draught air-cooled heat exchanger. An axial flo
Parasitic resistances are detrimental to solar cell performance because they reduce the device 0960-
power output. In this paper the effects that series- and shunt resistance have on photovoltaic 1481
module performance parameters are discussed. Techniques used to m
Sasol Technology and Linde AG have developed an innovative azeotropic distillation process. 0255-
A light-boiling binary entrainer (ethanol and water) is used to recover hydrocarbons from a 2701
process stream that also contains oxygenated species. Conventional dist
1479-
8344
Separation efficiency tests are expensive, cumbersome to conduct, and the results of the tests 0734-
are only known days or even weeks after the test has been conducted. This reduces the value 9343
of the tests. Density tracers have been used in the past to obtain a
A Galerkin finite element numerical model was established to analyse the cooling process for 1359-
spin casting mould and cast parts, to predict the solidification time for functional parts with 4311
different shapes and mould temperature distribution at different m
The paper addresses the problems of cleaner energy generation in industrial applications. Its 0959-
aims further flue gas energy recovery accompanied with additional environmental impact. It 6526
shows how the widely accepted flue gas temperature of industrial coal
0145-
7632
Heat transfer augmentation in heat exchangers has received much attention in recent years, 0145-
mainly due to energy efficiency and environmental considerations. Many active and passive 7632
techniques are currently being employed in heat exchangers, with twisted t
Loss coefficient correlations given in the literature for wet-cooling tower fills are relatively simple 1359-
and generally do not represent the pressure drop accurately over a wide range of operational 4311
conditions. A new form of empirical equation is proposed t
Wet screening is one of the methods used to remove fine material from the coal feed to 0016-
gasification. Sasol Synfuels in South Africa undertook an investigation to quantify fine coal 2361
generation in the coal supply to gasification. Coal samples were wet scree
This paper investigates the direct integration of a gas turbine power cycle with an ammonia 0360-
synthesis loop. Such a loop represents a typical reactor-separator system with a recycle stream 5442
and cold separation of the product from the recycle loop. The hot r
The weak turbulence regime associated with porous media non-steady and non-periodic 0363-
convection, in models allowing temporal irregular (i.e. chaotic) solutions is reviewed, and the 907X
conditions for its validity are specified. The rich dynamics linked to the
This paper studies the chemical composition and pyrolysis behaviour of a medium temperature 0378-
pitch produced in the SASOL-Lurgi coal gasification process. The results are compared to a 3820
commercial petroleum pitch and a commercial binder coal-tar pitch. The S
The effects of changing the dipping and curing times of tubular positive electrodes on the 0378-
discharge capacity were investigated. The comparative study showed that longer dipping and 7753
curing times do not necessarily result in electrodes with better first ca
This paper presents a study for the utilization of wind energy at the South African research 0960-
station, SANAE IV, in Antarctica (71degrees40' S 2degrees 50' W). A procedure to evaluate the 1481
feasibility of utilising wind power for Antarctic stations is given.
0030-
1388
Methane concentration in the explosive range is of particular concern in the confined space of 0016-
underground mining environments, where the hazards of accidental ignition of methane may be 2361
further compounded by coal dust explosions. The aim of this study wa
A large number of diesel engine failures have been reported in the immediate past. The large 0036-
proportion of these engines that were investigated, were recently overhauled engines that failed 8792
soon after the overhaul process. In some cases, these engines fai
dThe paper investigates flow through a representative tall solar chimney with internal bracing 0199-
wheels. It presents experimental data measured in a 0.63-m-dia model chimney with and 6231
without seven bracing wheels. The bracing wheels each had a rim protruding
Environmental issues such as the depletion of nonrenewable energy resources and pollution 1566-
are very topical and would need more scientific attention in order to be addressed in a way 2543
beneficial to life. The extent of solid waste production is a global conc
The design of a physical model of the power conversion cycle of the pebble bed modular 0029-
reactor (PBMR) with the aid of the code Flownet is discussed in this paper. The purpose of the 5493
physical model is to demonstrate the control strategies and operating pro
One important question that is almost always asked when any demand-side management 0360-
activity is implemented is: "How much is it saving?" That is an easy question to ask and it can 5442
almost always be expected. However, it is not necessarily easy to answer. On
0030-
1388
With increasing restrictions on tailpipe emissions from vehicles powered by internal combustion 0144-
engines and growing concern over the use of liquid hydrocarbon fuels, alternative fuels have 2600
gained popularity. Natural gas (NG) is a promising alternative fue
This study reviews the economics. logistics, and technology underlying the South African 0301-
experiment of prepaid electricity. Although this experiment has resulted into benefiting large 4215
masses of small and dispersed consumers, it has also generated a set of
As the electricity supply sector in developing countries undergoes increasingly rapid 0301-
restructuring, and technology and fuel choices widen, understanding the environmental 4215
implications of investment choices becomes ever more important. The objective of th
This paper characterizes and compares the degradation observed in thin-film module 0960-
performance. Three commercially available thin-film modules comprising a-Si:H, a- 1481
Si:H/aSiGe:H/a-SiGe:H and CuInSe2 technologies were used in this study. After an initial in
The paper details the theoretical and experimental investigation into the axial force produced by 0885-
broken rotor bars on copper cage rotors. It introduces interbar current theory and the overall 8969
fault progression of broken rotor bars. The paper also present
Sasol in South Africa gasifies approximately 30 million tons of bituminous coal per year to 0378-
synthesis gas, which is converted to fuels and chemicals via the Fischer-Tropsch process. 3820
Three years ago, Sasol embarked upon A unique project to optimise the gas
An experimental investigation of the performance of a solar chimney turbine is presented. The 0199-
design features a single rotor and uses the chimney supports as inlet guide vanes (IGVs) to 6231
introduce pre-whirl. This reduces the turbine exit kinetic energy at
This technical brief develops calculation methods for the pressure drop in very tall chimneys, as 0199-
in solar chimney power plants. The methods allow for density and flow area change with height, 6231
for wall friction and internal bracing drag. It presents equat
This paper examines the proper application of induction machines when supplied by 0885-
unbalanced voltages in the presence of over- and undervoltages. Differences in the definition of 8969
voltage unbalance are also examined. The approach adopted is to use NEMA der
Spin casting is being used widely in the prototyping industry as a secondary process to convert 1359-
a master model into a functional metal or plastic part. The main problem of the spin-casting 4311
process is the poor thermal conductivity of silicone rubber as mou
dSouth Africa's Reconstruction and. Development Programme set ambitious goals for 0360-
providing basic services to all, including housing and electrification. More efficient use of energy 5442
has the potential to socially and politically support these goals, parti
Environmental issues such as the depletion of non-renewable energy resources and pollution 0960-
are topical. The extent of solid waste production is of global concern and development of its 8524
bioenergy potential can combine issues such as pollution control and b
The chemical conversion in a methanol reactor is restricted by equilibrium, therefore the 1359-
synthesis loop is operated at high pressure and unconverted gas is recycled. Such a synthesis 4311
loop consumes large amounts of compression work. In this paper a new fl
Renewable energy would become more topical as natural energy resources are depleted. Also 0887-
a major global issue is the extent of solid waste generation of which biowaste is the main 0624
component and development of its bio-energy potential can address issues s
In large-scale applications such as arrays of axial fans in air-cooled heat exchanger systems, 1359-
edge-proximity and wind-induced cross-flow may decrease the flow through some fans by 4311
causing the flow to enter them at off-axis angles. In this study, such off
There are about 130,000 hectares of land in South Africa that have been under black wattle 0960-
plantation for a long time and whose soils have become more acidic than those from 8524
contiguous land without the tree. This incubation study investigated the effectiv
0018-
8190
The study was undertaken to assess the availability to maize of nutrients from earthworm casts 0960-
(wormcasts) collected from a grazing paddock in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. 8524
Maize (cv PAN 473) was grown in pots filled with ground wormcasts, no
0018-
8190
The dependence of the maximum power output P-M and short-circuit current J(SC) on the form 0927-
(relative variation with position) of the optical generation rate profile in an a-Si:H p-i-n solar cell 0248
has been investigated computationally. It was found that the
Computational investigations of an a-Si:H solar cell have indicated that interface states at the 0927-
SnO2/p-a-Si:H interface enhance device performance by about 5%. A detailed analysis has 0248
revealed that the interface states enhance the drift field by capturin
The effects of the diesel pilot injection parameters on combustion of natural gas (NG) under 0144-
diesel engine conditions were studied numerically using a three-dimensional (3-D) model and 2600
experimentally in a constant-volume combustion bomb (CVCB). The 3-D mo
Experiments and numerical simulations have been carried out in order to understand the 1290-
combustion of natural gas (NG) under diesel cycle conditions. The study used a natural gas/air 0729
mixture with a pilot diesel fuel spray for ignition in a constant volume
Citrus waste supplemented with calcium hydroxide and with a CIN ratio of 24:1, pH of 6.3 and 0960-
moisture content of 60% was composted by piling under shelter. With regular turning over of 8524
the pile and replenishment of moisture, the thermic phase lasted for 6
For photovoltaic (PV) devices to operate successfully over an expected lifespan of 30 years, 0960-
much research is needed in all aspects of these devices. This study is concerned with the 1481
monitoring of the performance and degradation of PV devices over extende
The spectral response of a typical thin-film a-Si:H p-i-n solar cell has been investigated using 0927-
the simulation RAUPV2. The peak in the external quantum efficiency has been observed to 0248
shift towards the violet part of the spectrum on decreasing the cell t
Some applications of thermal analysis (TA) and temperature profile analysis (TPA) to the study 1418-
of a variety of binary pyrotechnic systems are described. Factors that effect the combustion of 2874
such fuel/oxidant mixtures are discussed. Trends in burning beha
Good heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) control ensures comfort. It is usually also 0378-
the most cost-effective way to improve energy efficiency of air-conditioned buildings. In this 7788
article, the comfort enhancement and energy saving potential w
The World Commission on Dams was initiated as a new form of global policy making to find a 1531-
way beyond the intensifying conflicts over dam projects. It was established by diverse groups to 0353
conduct an independent global review of the performance and impacts
In this study, the performance of a reversible ground-source heat pump coupled to a 0363-
municipality water reticulation system, is compared experimentally and with simulations to a 907X
conventional air-source heat pump for space cooling and heating. A typical mun
This study involves the mathematical modelling and experimental verification of a heat 0363-
exchanger accumulator. The study was initiated with a literature survey which, according to the 907X
authors, revealed that there was no published material that described ho
The increasing complexity of the modern power grid highlights the need for advanced modeling 0885-
and control techniques for effective control of turbogenerators. This paper presents the design 8969
of a Continually Online Trained (COT) Artificial Neural Network (A
0018-
8190
The limiting carrier effect in a-Si:W p-i-n and n-i-p solar cells has been investigated 0927-
computationally, by adjusting the values of the carrier band mobilities. Using a realistic optical 0248
generation rate profile, it was found that the effect is significant
Two different procedures are explored in the present work to estimate the zenith luminance at 0960-
the International Daylight Measurement Program station in Madrid, when all the data available 1481
are used independently of the sky type. On the basis of the results
Although the three processing steps that constitute the Fischer-Tropsch based Gas-to-Liquids 0378-
(GTL) technology, namely syngas generation, syngas conversion and hydroprocessing, are all 3820
commercially proven and individually optimized, their combined use is n
There is widespread concern that increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide and other 0167-
greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere will ultimately lead to climate changes. 7799
Recognizing the important role that fossil fuels have in the economies and lifestyle
0018-
8190
Yields of coal pyrolysis products obtained by four different techniques of pyrolysis were 0016-
modelled using neural network analysis. Coals from five different sources were considered in 2361
this study. The modelling focused on effects as diverse as holding time
The largest percentage of the sanitary hot water used in South African buildings is heated by 0363-
means of direct electrical resistance heaters. This is one of the major contributing factors of the 907X
undesirable high morning and afternoon peaks imposed on the n
The primary purpose of this experimental investigation is to determine the influence that 1359-
differences in air-cooled heat exchanger geometry have on heat exchanger inlet air flow losses. 4311
Heat exchanger geometry would not only include details pertaining to
An ideal air standard cycle analysis of the solar chimney power plant gives the limiting 0199-
performance, ideal efficiencies and relationships between main variables. The present paper 6231
includes chimney friction, system, turbine and exit kinetic energy losses
Chimneys as tall as 1500 m may be important components of proposed solar chimney power 0199-
plants. The exit air density will then be appreciably lower than the inlet density. the paper 6231
presents a one-dimensional compressible flow approach for the calculation
0018-
8190
Mining at Middelburg Colliery in the Witbank Coalfield commenced at the turn of the last 0166-
century. Initially, there was little environmental degradation associated with mining activities; 5162
however, in the late 1930s, a pillar-robbing programme commenced. Th
The zenith luminance has been measured at Madrid for skies with a cloud cover of 7-8 oktas 0960-
and experimental mean 15-min values of L-z have been obtained. Among the most accurate 1481
fits to the data, a 2nd degree polynomial for L-z against tan(alpha) is the m
Lump coal may undergo fragmentation when exposed to high temperatures thus changing the 0016-
particle size distribution of the coal [1]. Primary fragmentation occurs during devolatilization. In 2361
fixed-bed gasification, fragmentation may lead to a change in perm
0018-
8190
0018-
8190
0018-
8190
The J-V curve asymmetry of an a-Si:H solar cell, that is exhibited under carrier mobility 0927-
interchange, has been investigated computationally. The electron- and hole mobilities (mu(n) 0248
and mu(p)) considered here are 13.2 and 2.2 cm(2)V(-1) s(-1). We use the
The efficiencies of Cu(In,Ga)Se-2/CdS/ZnO solar cell devices in which the absorbers are 0927-
produced by classical two-step processes are significantly lower that those in which 0248
coevaporated absorbers are used. A significant problem related to two-step growth
The major oxide and trace element compositions of seven sedimentary rock reference samples 0208-
(claystone, organic-rich argillite, two limestones, dolostone, sandstone and feldspathized 189X
volcanic ash) are presented. Among studied samples the organic-rich argil
0030-
1388
The performance analysis of a shaded-pole linear induction motor using symmetrical 0885-
components, field analysis and finite element methods is presented. Calculated results and 8969
measurements are compared and discussed.
To predict the energy produced by photovoltaic modules under certain meteorological 0960-
conditions, an energy model can be used. Existing energy models need parameters that are 1481
not always available. In this study, an energy model based on regression analysis
A temperature-controlled hot water heat pump was simulated using heating in a vertical, 0145-
domestic hot water storage tank. The influence of the return loop flow rate on stratification was 7632
investigated experimentally. The return loop is the water line that s
Good HVAC control is often the most cost-effective option to improve the energy efficiency of a 0306-
building. However the effect of changing the control strategy (i.e. effect on indoor comfort and 2619
energy consumption) is usually the most difficult to predict.
The simulation RAUPV2 has been used to model a thin-film a-Si:H p-i-n solar cell, fabricated at 0927-
the Rand Afrikaans University. For a physically acceptable set of input parameters, the 0248
simulated J-V curve agrees very well with the empirical J-V curve, unde
By far the largest application of heat pumps in the South African commercial sector is in the 0360-
heating of sanitary hot water in buildings like hotels, hospitals, prisons and residences at 5442
universities, technikons and schools. In most of these cases, heat p
This paper presents the analysis, design and performance of an axial flux permanent magnet 0885-
(AFPM) machine with an ironless stator. The topology has a large airgap length and zero core 8969
losses. A machine model that uses both lumped magnetic circuit and fini
In this paper a variable volume water heater and a load impact model is presented. The 0885-
variable volume water heater is a unique system that can be implemented as a residential 8969
demand-side management tool. The variable volume water heater can shift the ele
Initially conceived of within the broader context of power sector reform in the late 1980s and
early 1990s, Independent Power Projects (IPPs) were intended to relieve state utilities of the
burden of financing new plants, bring quick, quality power and re
This study analyses empirical qualitative data collected from key stakeholders in the renewable
energy industry in South Africa. As a step on the path towards developing better success in
financing for renewable energy entrepreneurs, a financing framework
Energy management and the application of energy consumption reduction methods is high on
the priority list of South Africa's electrical supply utility, Eskom. One of Eskom's Demand Side
Management (DSM) recovery plan steps was the establishment of a subsi
This work is the analysis of the energy generation of a 2 MW wind power project installed at
Motha, District Amaravati, in the state of Maharashtra. The various availabilities of the wind
power project were studied for the efficient energy production of t
Just as with other Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries, Mozambique
faces severe, interrelated problems of energy and environment linked, with massive
consumption of fuel wood biomass. The conventional power grid provides less than 7% o
The current trend associated with high energy demand, depletion of energy reserves and low
potential of renewable energy sources linked with strong industrial growth, is increasingly
becoming unsustainable. As a result, production costs have increased con
The purpose of this paper is to examine crude oil price movements and their impact on South
Africa. A useful starting point is understanding the factors that have played a prominent role in
influencing oil pricing. For this reason, I begin by focusing on
The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) was attended by approximately 21
000 international delegates in Johannesburg, South Africa in 2002. The aim was to institute
ecologically sound environmental management. Research has shown that fossil fue
The electricity supply industry of the Democratic Republic of Congo is reviewed, from the
formation of the Societe´ National d'Electricite´ (SNEL) in 1970 until today. The DRC
government established a national utility, because electricity is a key element
The performance of a South African parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) module has been
characterised using the ASHRAE 93-1986 standard. The collector is designed for component
testing and development in a solar energy research programme. Low-temperatu
The Training of Trainers Workshop, a training manual on climate change mitigation developed
by Energy Research Center (ERC) 2006 was held in Pretoria. The focus of the workshop was
to impart skills development in the mitigation courses developed at ERC. T
Since the 1960's several unsuccessful attempts were made to reduce air pollution in South
African townships. These efforts targeted coal fires and included devolatalised coal, low-smoke
stoves and electrification. All these efforts were more or less presc
This study describes results of a household survey conducted in Eshane in the rural Kwazulu-
Natal Midlands in April 2002, including baseline socio demographic, energy usage, paraffin-
related injury and safety knowledge information. A total of 404 intervie
This paper examines market signals that enhance efficiency in energy use and the allocation of
energy resources, focusing on Zimbabwean manufacturing and mining. We estimate own- and
cross -price elasticities of demand to determine how far industrial ener
Price regulation occurs quite commonly amongst natural monopolies which frequently include
public utilities. In South Africa and in certain countries in Africa, there has recently been a
revival of price regulation in certain industries and enterprises, w
This paper describes interfuel substitution for liquid fuel, coal and electricity in Zimbabwe
manufacturing and mining using a translog cost function. Our data series spans over a 24 year
period. To mitigate the short time span of this time series data, w
This paper presents modelling and simulation of a solar absorption cooling system. In this
paper, the modelling of a solar-powered, single stage, absorption cooling system, using a flat
plate collector and water-lithium bromide solution, is done. A comput
In this paper, an approach for the estimation of insolation available to a solar energy collector
that may be shaded temporally by external horizon obstructions is described. This approach
uses, in place of complicated mathematical expressions or sophisti
Because of rich solar and oil reserves in the Absheron Peninsula (latitude 40° 26' N and
longitude 49° 46' E) of Azerbaijan, application of solar energy in the oil treatment process in the
oil fields was considered. An experimental plant with double modul
Energy efficient building design aims to use passive design principles such as orientation,
insulation, materials and surrounding area layout to minimise the need for active space heating
or cooling. Implementation of the principles of energy efficient de
The perception still exists amongst decision makers that paraffin consumption will decrease
with increased rates of electrification. Electricity is only added to the fuel mix used by
households. Although paraffin is often perceived to be a more affordable
High levels of air pollution caused by domestic coal burning create human health problems and
unwarranted economic loss. The associated health cost is estimated at R1.2 billion per annum.
The Basa Njengo Magogo (BNM) alternative fire lighting method repre
Around the world the implementation of heat recovery systems play an increasingly important
role in the engineering industry. Recovered energy is utilised in production plants (especially in
the food industry) and saves companies millions in expenses per
The Maphephetheni area is a unique area. First of all, it was the first rural area with
Photovoltaic (PV) experience in KwaZulu-Natal. In 1996 a project was started by Solar
Engineering Services to install Solar Home Systems (SHSs) in 50 households in thi
Electric hot water heater blankets are being used as a demand-side management (DSM)
measure to save electricity consumption in residential areas. The purpose of this study was to
determine the impact of installing blankets to hot water heaters. A resident
The processes that were followed to develop the baseline to Measure and Verify (M&V) a
Municipal Demand Side Management (DSM) water pumping project that is being implemented
is described in this paper. This paper is a follow-up on a previous paper present
The African Recovery Journal once referred to it as, 'an opportunity for African countries to
attract new financing for their own sustainable development'. It was indeed waited for with
much anticipation. In fact, today, it is readily observable that the
This paper considers the thermal design and the experimental testing of a heat pipe
(thermosyphon) heat exchanger for a relatively small commercially available mini-drier. The
purpose of the heat exchanger is to recover heat from the moist waste air strea
In determining the magnitude of oil shocks to the economies of Southern Africa, it is essential
that we examine the various components of vulnerability, as well as the crude oil price
movements and the relationship between energy and development. Because
Data recorded in the recently established European Pollutant Emission Register (EPER) is
potentially useful for benchmarking of the environmental performance of industrial activity
against European practice. Entries in the category of large power plants i
Existing formal low-cost houses in South Africa have been shown to be very thermally and
energy inefficient. This could be problematic for the country since the government has
promised to build roughly 3 million more of these houses in the near future. In
The scope of this section of the study is to establish which industries to target for energy audits
and demand side management (DSM) projects. As only a limited number of audits will be
conducted, it is important to establish how to maximise the return on
This study examines a set of energy policy interventions, which can make a major contribution
to sustainable development for the City of Cape Town -economically, environmentally and
socially. Major energy savings can be made from modal shifts in the trans
This paper discusses the procedures and results of constructing a greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions inventory for South Africa, using the official national energy balance for 1998. In
doing so, the paper offers a snapshot of the South African energy supply a
A study was conducted in the rural communities of the Giyani district in Limpopo Province, with
the aim of identifying types of energy resources used and the patterns of utilization of such
energy sources. Surveys were conducted in three villages and semi
Energy provision is crucial to overall development. The South African economy uses a large
amount of energy, is highly energy-intensive, and heavily dominated by the extraction of raw
materials and primary processing. As the demand for energy grows, the e
The Thermal Insulation Association of South Africa (TIASA) is supporting government
measures to promote energy efficiency in South African buildings. The research document
titled: 'New standards of thermal design to provide comfort and energy efficiency i
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether biogas technology could provide a school
with an acceptable, affordable, efficient and sustainable alternative energy resource, thereby
providing opportunities for cost savings, income generation and gr
The growing interest in the possible use of ethanol from natural sources to blend with petrol
(gasoline) derived from crude oil (or synthesis from other fossil fuels) should be supported by
knowledge of the likely effect on greenhouse gas emissions. This
A very significant proportion of Matatiela households still rely on environmentally polluting fuels
(i.e. woodfuel, candles, and paraffin) for reasons that they are easily accessible and affordable,
and as a legacy of the inequalities of the past social a
A training manual on climate change mitigation courses with the overall objective of meeting
the challenges of climate change in the future and providing a support and skills is developed
by the Energy Research Center (ERC).The objectives of the training
The South African downstream petroleum industry was in the hands of Whites and
Multinational Oil Companies during the apartheid era. Many Historically Disadvantaged South
Africans (HDSA's) were excluded from the mainstream industry through, among other in
This paper describes the implementation of Demand Side Management (DSM) strategies at
AngloGold's Kopanang Mine, for a period of three months during 2001. Since the unit price of
electricity was very high during certain hours of the day, it was endeavoure
The Energy Research center (ERC) has developed training modules on climate change
mitigation and its test on the trainers was investigated. The main objective of the mitigation
manual was to impart skills development in the field of training, repeating an
The thermal modelling of a night sky radiation cooling system suitable for a room situated in the
Namib Desert at Gobabeb, Namibia, is considered in this paper. The system consists of the
following components: radiator panels, a single water storage tank,
Wide use of compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) offers opportunity for residential savings with
favourable environmental benefits. The size of the South African residential market shows that
there are strong opportunities to be optimised. To exploit such opp
An energy audit at the Tlokweng College of Education in Gaborone, revealed that a reduction
of more than 60% in the annual electricity account could be achieved. Various financially viable
opportunities have been identified. These include new lights in th
Liberating energy-deprived communities by means of electrical reticulation (electrification) is
the conventional paradigm. South Africa has followed this route by connecting an estimated 4.5
million homes during the past decade. To provide a similar servi
Residential lighting is a key component of peak electricity and has vast potential of contributing
to a reduction in load demand relatively quickly and cheaply, given the nature of its electricity
consumption. For this to happen, we need to understand how
An energy audit at the Tlokweng College of Education in Gaborone, revealed that a reduction
of more than 60% in the annual electricity account could be achieved. Various financially viable
opportunities have been identified. These include new lights in th
The South African Energy and Demand Efficiency Standard (SAEDES) is an energy-efficiency
guideline initiated by the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME) and the Council for
Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR). The DME sponsored a pilot study to t
The CDM is a project-based mechanism to promote flexibility in mitigation climate change, by
promoting investment in mitigation projects in developing countries. There has been concern
about potential perverse incentives for developing countries like Sout
In an energy intensive plant, large induction motors are usually utilized as drivers for non-linear
loads such as compressors, fans, pumps or blowers. These motors are usually required to
operate on a continuous basis meaning that, over time, even a relat
A report of domestic energy use in the community of Nkweletshini in south western Kwa-Zulu
Natal in 2002, is discussed. The community has a low housing density, below the 50
households per km2 measure used by Eskom as the limit for future electrification.
An electricity basic services support tariff is being introduced in South Africa to alleviate the
worst impacts of poverty by providing a free portion of electricity to customers. Linked to this
are obvious social and economic benefits and impacts, but al
Energy Management is an increasingly important issue for all tertiary institutions in South Africa
because of budget cuts and increased financial strain. This paper describes the history and
initiatives taken at the Potchefstroom University for Christian
The Integrated National Electrification Programme plays an important role in the socio-
economic development of South African society by providing modern energy. In this socio-
economic development project, government has put in place issues of Black Econom
Steel, petrochemicals, metallurgy, explosives, food and many other industries require large
amounts of air products such as oxygen and nitrogen. Cryogenic air separation technology is,
unlike other air separation technologies, in a mature stage of its lif
South Africa's first microsatellite SUNSAT was launched in February 1999. It was subjected to
an orbital drift that altered its polar orbit with an eclipse period of 36 minutes in July 1999, to
one of an eclipse period equal to zero minutes in June 2000.
Steel, petrochemicals, metallurgy, explosives, food and many other industries require large
amounts of air products such as oxygen and nitrogen. Cryogenic air separation technology,
unlike other air separation technologies, is in a mature stage of its lif
The impact of implementation of electricity basic services tariff to non-grid electricity customers
was studied. It was recommended that the local government equitable share formulae should
be reviewed and the national government should produce guidelines
Despite a growing understanding of the economic, health and environmental benefits of more
energy efficient and environmentally sound low-cost housing, progress has been very slow in
South Africa. This paper examines how carbon finance, through the Clean
In order to achieve a carbon neutral WSSD, the Johannesburg Climate Legacy had to develop
scenarios of projects on the basis of a range of criteria and restrictions. A system had to be
developed that could be used to "filter" out all the relevant data and
The Multi-Point Plan (MPP) for phasing out dirty fuels in South Africa represents a new
approach to air quality management and it is anticipated that the plan will contribute to the
development of a National Air Quality Management Programme. In the contex
Due to government's policy requiring cost-reflective tariffs, the electricity market in South Africa
is changing. These changes offer innovative business opportunities that have to be
investigated and developed. One such opportunity is through saving mone
The bulk of rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa have no access to electricity and are under-
served by any other form of modern infrastructure. The cost of infrastructure to mainly
scattered communities has been perennially cited by engineers as largel
The use of renewable energy has been promoted all over the world because it is considered as
a clean source of energy and environmentally friendly as compared to fossil fuels. The
objective of this paper is to search for policy and measures for the dissem
Prevention of fatalities and/or injury during electrical contact incidents is a moral obligation of
any supply authority. It has been the topic of discussion in many engineering forums over the
years and still there is no conclusion as to where the obliga
Technological innovation is one of the primary drivers in business strategy to achieve growth,
competive edge, and increase shareholder value. Complimentary to the technological
innovative aspects, should be a well evolved customer focus, as well as a foc
Eskom launched its first wind farm on the 21 February 2003 just North of Cape Town at
Klipheuwel, in fact tne first wind farm in Southern Africa. The wind farm consists of 3 wind
turbines, with a combined rating of 3.16MW. Different horizontal type turbin
A research on atmospheric aerosols, important in understanding global atmospheric changes,
is presented. The research ascertains current variations in atmospheric aerosols burden over
the South African Highveld and determines how this varies seasonally an
According to 2001 figures, of the 10770975 households in South Africa, 3 652 560 or 33.9%
are not electrified. Most of these households are located in rural areas, far removed from the
electrical grid. As such it is anticipated that a large percentage of
Significant commercial advances of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) continue to be
hampered by several issues involving the use of proton exchange membranes (PEM).
Reduced methanol efficiencies and catalyst poisoning occur as a result of the high methano
A research program has been carried out into the use of Electromagnetic Interference (EMI)
testing for fault diagnoses. As part of this program a novel piece of software has been
developed that uses pattern recognition techniques to interpret the EMI sign
Within the electricity and telecommunication businesses of Eskom, research examined the
latest developments associated with Power Line Communication (PLC) technology. PLC is the
first technology that couples electricity with communication services. Commun
A research project on mill maintenance enhancement through rotating throat installations was
discussed. The aim of the project was to quantify the benefits of rotating throats on vertical
spindle mills in terms of some criteria including maximum mill thro
A study was conducted on increasing the network capacity by optimizing voltage regulation on
medium and low voltage feeders. An approach, based on Network Classes and transformer
Tap Zones, was used to optimize the feeder. It was found that the measured v
Overhead powerlines have been identified as a significant unnatural form of mortality for all
large terrestrial bird species, particularly due to their low population numbers and high
vulnerability (fight characteristics) to powerline collisions. In almos
The development of 400Kv Guyed strain structures was discussed. Excel based software was
developed to a) automate the foundation design process and b) optimize the geometry of
footing. The new structures represented a saving between 46% - 25% on conventio
The effect of a set of energy efficiency measures on an economy was explored. Specifically, to
provide incentives for a planned energy efficiency implementation program. As such, the
energy efficiency measures may be applied in any sequence. For each poss
This paper discusses how the Commercial Benchmarking Database can reduce the amount of
time and effort spent, when performing an energy-efficiency audit on a commercial building or
facility. Firstly, the Benchmarking Database itself is discussed, then how
The late 1990's had been showing a move towards the restructuring of the electricity sector,
from a traditional state-owned vertical integrated electricity utility to a modern market-orientated
electricity supply industry. Stakeholders across the spectrum
This paper discusses some of the issues of privatising and liberalising the South African
electricity industry. The government's stance on the privatisation and liberalisation of the
industry is to attract foreign investment and provide its citizens the o
An energy baseline study was conducted in two rural areas in the Limpopo Province of South
Africa, to provide energy specific household data to assist in the planning and design of further
actions on the dissemination of improved stoves. When the data was
The reasons for low performance of a domestic-size three-fluid absorption refrigeration system
were studied. To improve the performance, the boiler, lift tube, vapor-liquid separator and the
heat exchanger were modified, while maintaining the same princip
A heat pipe or two-phase closed thermosyphon heat recovery heat exchanger may be used to
reduce the overall operating energy requirement of a drier. The mathematical modelling of the
process whereby heat is recovered from the hot exhaust stream and used t
Following a description of the South African energy system, this paper discusses the results of
the national Integrated Energy Planning (IEP) model and discusses why better management of
existing energy resources provides and economic option for the count
Artificial intelligence was used to predict hourly temperature profiles. The artificial intelligence
models were trained using a dataset consisting of CSIR-data. The models were then verified by
using actual measured data of 2000 obtained for the SAWB. Mo
This paper presents a financial analysis of using solar home systems as a Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) project under the Kyoto Protocol to the climate change convention. The
main conclusion is that, while the carbon revenue can improve the internal r
This paper gives a brief overview of the coming World Summit on Sustainable Development
(WSSD) with specific reference to energy as a key component in the sustainable development
discourse. Broadly, it examines the international approach to sustainable de
The South African electricity industry is on the brink of considerable restructuring. The future of
social and environmental public benefits provided in this context is uncertain. This paper
focuses on environmental public benefits, such as renewable ener
The process of policy-making in the South African energy sector was discussed. As such, four
dimensions to the process were observed which provides a framework to understand the
unfolding of the policy process around electric supply industry (ESI) restruc
A low temperature difference, back-to-back gamma type Stirling engine is presented with the
emphasis on rural water pumping. A prototype engine was constructed and performance in
terms of the characteristic pump curves measured. Two representative graphs
Households have an absolute need for thermal energy, particularly for cooking. Poorer
households use coal, dung, fuelwood, LPG and paraffin. Unpressurised paraffin appliances are
far from safe. The temperature in the fuel tank can easily exceed the flashp
This paper investigates the technique of modelling a baseline with the aid of Neural Networks
(NN) for the tracking and evaluation of Demand Side Management (DSM), NN was used to
develop the baseline purposes. The study was conducted at the main campus of
Field25 PY VOL PART P1 P2
PD 2006 17 4 65 69
JAN 2007 35 1 15 28
JAN 2007 35 1 548 552
JAN 2007 35 1 692 703
DEC 2006 21 4 813 822
JAN 2007 86 73 80
DEC 2006 34 18 4081 4092
NOV 15 2006 20 6 2330 2336
NOV 2006 34 17 2654 2661
NOV 2006 34 17 3351 3358
FEB 2007 98 3 579 587
FEB 2007 27 599 603
DEC 2006 38 12 1395 1399
SEP 29 2006 160 1 326 333
AUG 15 2006 294 1 118 129
SEP 20 2006 20 5 1761 1766
SEP 20 2006 20 5 1771 1776
SEP 20 2006 20 5 1799 1805
SEP 2006 61 18 5969 5980
SEP 2006 79 3 158 165
AUG 2006 31 10 1561 1571
AUG 2006 128 3 302 311
AUG 2006 128 3 312 317
JUL-AUG 2006 42 4 372 383
OCT 2006 27 8 1 1
DEC 2006 10 6 603 612
OCT 2006 97 15 1942 1950
JUL 2006 20 7 1068 1076
SEP 2006 85 1880 1893
SEP 2006 97 13 1484 1489
SEP 2006 26 13 1369 1377
2006 80 5 535 544
JUL-AUG 2006 85 1439 1445
MAY 2006 128 2 279 284
JAN-MAR 2006 26 1 33 54
APR 21 2006 155 2 428 439
JUN 15 2006 90 10 1504 1512
MAR 2006 79 1 26 37
JUN 2006 27 5 68 79
MAY 2006 87 5 437 442
JUN 2006 26 846 852
JUN 2006 47 1101 1112
JUN 2006 47 1113 1123
MAR-APR 2006 20 2 439 445
MAY 2006 85 1067 1075
MAY 2006 85 1076 1082
APR 2006 47 6 687 701
SEP-OCT 2005 23 5 34 0
JAN 17 2006 65 243 253
FEB 2006 85 3 418 422
NOV 2005 32 17 1854 1866
JAN 6 2006 90 1 111 119
SEP-OCT 2003 21 5 50 50
OCT-NOV 2005 30 1393 1397
DEC 2005 84 18 2295 2300
DEC 2005 84 18 2324 2329
FEB 2006 26 200 208
FEB 2006 45 2 90 98
OCT 2005 16 5 577 583
OCT 2005 17 10 2041 2043
NOV 2005 26 9 22 29
DEC 2005 33 18 2337 2349
SEP-OCT 2005 19 5 1795 1803
DEC 2005 25 3129 3137
AUG 19 2005 63 228 246
SEP 2005 20 3 685 692
NOV 2005 33 16 2044 2051
OCT 2005 84 1768 1777
SEP 15 2005 88 4 403 411
SEP 2005 26 7 1 2
SEP 2005 26 7 11 21
JUL-AUG 2005 19 4 1462 1467
JUL-AUG 2005 26 6 16 21
SEP 2005 33 14 1833 1851
AUG 2005 25 1634 1649
MAY 11 2005 44 10 3529 3537
MAY 2005 20 3 566 575
MAY 2005 26 4 35 41
JUN 2005 84 9 1136 1143
JUN 2005 84 9 1151 1160
JUN 2005 84 9 1161 1170
AUG 2005 96 12 1323 1330
JUL 2005 33 10 1309 1317
APR 2005 54 2 795 798
MAR 1 2005 141 2 316 325
JUL 2005 96 11 1264 1275
JUN 2005 25 1183 1194
JUN 2005 25 1325 1336
MAR 2005 20 1 80 87
MAR 2005 26 2 38 44
JAN 2005 13 1 55 66
AUG 22 2004 228 2
AUG 22 2004 228 2
MAR 2005 25 4 603 621
APR 2005 30 4 611 620
MAR 2005 46 4 563 575
JAN 3 2005 103 1 34 39
FEB 2005 96 3 277 285
SEP-OCT 2004 40 5 553 563
MAR 2005 30 3 399 411
OCT-DEC 2004 29 2045 2060
DEC 2004 43 12 1539 1545
JAN 2005 33 2 183 196
SEP 10 2004 136 1 16 23
JAN 2005 33 1 27 38
JAN 2005 33 1 99 112
SEP 2004 19 3 532 538
SEP 2004 176 9 1565 1575
OCT 15 2004 85 15 1647 1662
OCT 2004 95 1 25 30
MAY 30 2004 82 4 577 585
JUL 2004 43 7 841 847
JUL 2004 32 11 1303 1317
NOV-DEC 2003 99 499 507
APR 2004 83 6 765 770
JUN 2004 45 1553 1563
FEB 2 2004 102 5 38 0
2004 76 235 241
MAR 2004 83 533 536
FEB 2004 24 193 207
FEB 2004 24 359 371
MAR 2004 29 3 333 344
MAR 2003 43 3 483 493
OCT-NOV 2003 17 5 18 20
SEP-DEC 2003 23 251 266
JAN 2004 24 1 95 110
2004 12 2 165 170
NOV-DEC 2003 24 6 1 2
NOV-DEC 2003 24 6 29 39
DEC 2003 23 17 2201 2211
DEC 2003 82 18 2231 2237
NOV 2003 28 14 1495 1509
AUG 2003 27 10 941 960
NOV 15 2003 84 63 77
JUL 1 2003 116 211 218
OCT 2003 28 13 2037 2061
JUN 2 2003 101 22 40 44
JUL 2003 82 11 1359 1365
2003 55 65 75
MAY 2003 125 2 165 169
JAN 2003 11 1 23 28
JUN 2003 222 203 213
JUL 2003 28 9 913 927
APR 7 2003 101 14 44 49
MAR 2003 76 506 2 9
JUL 2003 31 9 911 927
JUN 2003 31 8 721 734
JUL 2003 28 9 1455 1469
MAR 2003 18 1 71 79
MAR 15 2003 80 3 263 278
FEB 2003 125 1 101 106
FEB 2003 125 1 127 129
DEC 2002 17 4 485 491
JAN 2003 23 1 17 27
DEC 2002 27 12 1099 1117
JAN 2003 86 1 21 23
OCT 2002 22 14 1549 1558
SEP-OCT 2002 16 5 1277 1279
AUG 2002 22 12 1403 1415
OCT 2002 85 1 9 16
JUN 2002 81 6 53 0
SEP 2002 84 2 197 201
MAY 2002 81 5 49 52
JAN 31 2002 71 1 85 101
JAN 31 2002 71 1 131 140
SEP 2001 74 500 81 90
OCT 2001 40 10 927 936
JAN 2002 81 1 71 76
FEB 2002 25 2 183 197
NOV 2001 69 4 303 314
2001 65 2 323 334
OCT 2001 33 8 853 863
MAR 2001 50 1 53 64
AUG 2001 25 10 899 910
AUG 2001 25 10 911 925
SEP 2001 16 3 261 269
JUN 2001 80 6 43 49
AUG 2001 69 1 9 16
OCT 2001 24 2 185 196
JUN 2001 71 149 155
MAY 2001 19 5 172 177
APR 2001 80 4 91 0
MAY 2001 80 7 1021 1027
MAR 25 2001 25 4 291 317
MAY 2001 21 7 771 786
AUG 2000 122 3 133 137
AUG 2000 122 3 138 145
FEB 2001 80 2 87 89
JAN 2001 45 195 216
MAY 2001 23 1 49 55
JAN 2001 80 2 245 249
NOV 2000 79 11 71 73
SEP 2000 79 9 47 50
SEP 2000 79 9 57 0
OCT 2000 64 3 197 207
NOV 2000 64 4 371 383
2000 17 3 215 223
AUG 28 2000 98 35 44 48
MAR 2000 15 1 24 29
SEP 2000 21 1 37 47
MAR-APR 2000 21 2 67 73
JUN 2000 66 2 135 159
MAR 15 2000 61 3 287 300
JAN 2000 25 1 51 70
DEC 1999 14 4 1051 1056
DEC 1999 14 4 1558 1563
2006 17 4 39 56
2006 17 4 57 64
2006 17 4 33 38
2006 17 4 70 74
2006 17 4 76 85
2006 17 4 4 18
2006 17 4 25 33
2006 17 4 19 24
2006 17 3 21 28
2006 17 3 71 78
2006 17 3 81 88
2006 17 3 58 64
2006 17 3 7 9
2006 17 3 49 57
2006 17 3 10 20
2006 17 3 39 48
2006 17 3 65 70
2006 17 3 29 38
2006 17 2 26 30
2006 17 2 5 9
2006 17 2 23 26
2006 17 2 17 22
2006 17 2 47 56
2006 17 2 10 16
2006 17 2 57 64
2006 17 1 42 49
2006 17 1 5 9
2006 17 1 5 9
2006 17 1 10 17
2006 17 1 72 81
2006 17 1 72 81
2006 17 1 58 65
2006 17 1 28 41
2005 16 3 105 116
2005 16 3 88 93
2005 16 3 94 103
2005 16 3 122 128
2005 16 3 129 136
2005 16 3 137 138
2005 16 3 117 121
2005 16 3 139 142
2005 16 2 40 49
2005 16 2 68 73
2005 16 2 74 79
2005 16 2 56 57
2005 16 2 50 55
2005 16 1 15 15
2005 16 4 4 14
2005 16 4 27 33
2005 16 4 15 20
2004 15 4 130 135
2004 15 4 118 122
2004 15 3 98 102
2004 15 3 80 87
2004 15 3 88 91
2004 15 2 40 49
2004 15 2 58 63
2004 15 2 64 73
2004 15 1 16 25
2004 15 1 26 32
2004 15 1 4 9
2003 14 4 128 133
2003 14 4 135 140
2003 3 94 97
2003 3 88 93
2003 3 82 87
2003 3 99 105
2003 33 39
2003 2 5
2003 19 25
2003 6 9
2003 14 18
2003 47 50
2003 63 68
2003 10 13
2003 51 55
2003 40 46
2003 56 62
2003 26 32
2003 14 2 54 61
2003 14 2 40 45
2003 14 1 14 19
2003 14 1 8 13
2003 14 1 20 26
2002 13 4 110 121
2002 13 4 130 138
2002 13 4 123 129
2002 13 3 72 78
2002 13 3 79 85
2002 13 3 92 94
2002 13 2 43 49
2002 13 2 50 55
2002 13 2 36 42
2002 13 2 56 61
2002 13 1 3 13
