Green Energy and Hydrogen from Coal The draft of

Green Energy and Hydrogen from Coal The draft of Integrated Project Proposals in Support for the HYPOGEN EU Initiative of Sustainable Energy Development Jerzy Bednarczyk, Jan Kozubowski, Jan Rogut Institute of Opencast Mining “Poltegor”, Wrocław, poltegor@igo.wroc.pl Warsaw Technical University, Warsaw, jankozu@inmat.pw.edu.pl Central Mining Institute, Katowice, rogutjan@yahoo.com Main Targets and Points of Interests of Hydrogen Related Research in Poland: • Fossil fuel based power plants as future energy and hydrogen producers the sustainable way - the Green Energy from Coal concept • Trans-border Czech - Slovak- Polish HyCom in Cieszyn/Tesin as an important tool for regional development - non fossil • Establishment of the International R&D Centre of Separation Technologies for Hydrogen Economy Needs - EU Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge (TOK) Fund - Coke oven gas as separation model fluid - low cost nanostructured metals for hydrogen separation, cleaning up, and storage • Hydrogen as friendly (!), safe (!) and profitable (!) material and energy carrier 2 Sources of Natural Gas for Europe in Short Term Perspective Long-term Security of Gas Supply in a Liberalized Market Jean-Paul PINON Director Gas Market, CREG Co-chairman of the Gas Working Group, CEER UNEC Round Table – Genève 20/01/2004 3 Hydrogen Production, Investment Costs Investment Costs (1990 US$/kW) 4,000 Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) Partial Oxidation (POX) 3,000 Coal Gasification Thermal Cracking Biomass Gasification 2,000 Electrolysis 1,000 0 0.001 0.01 0.1 3 1 10 Capacity (million Nm H2 /day) 4 Coal is of great interest because it is: • Plentiful. Resource ~ 500 years (vs. gas/oil: ~100 years). • • • Inexpensive. 1-1.5 $/GJ HHV (vs. gas at 2.5+ $/GJ). Ubiquitous. Wide geographic distribution (vs. middle east). Clean?! Gasification, esp. with sequestration, produces little gaseous emissions and a chemically stable, vitreous ash. 5 European Green Electricity and Hydrogen from Coal Technology Development Area 4 2 3 1 6 Locations and Specialisations • Upper Silesia - bituminuous coal based demonstration plant for H&E production and CO2 sequestration „Black Triangle” - lignite based demonstration plant plant for H&E production and CO2 sequestration Belchatow lignite mine - large scale facility for basic sequestration research gfz Potsdam - facility for applied sequestration research Newcastle University - mineral sequestration, process water issues University of Stuttgart, SIU Carbondale, ISSEP Liege coal processing JRC (Petten, Ispra, Sevilla ) - foresight, regulations and policy aspects 7 • • • • • • Electricity Generation in EU 9% 12% OWER ECH Gas Renew. 14% Oil Coal Nuclear 35% 30% Total production: 2.500 TWh p.a. on coal = 750 TWh p.a. Average Efficiency Oil 2000: η  35 % Average Efficiency 2010/15: η  50 % Electricity Generation on same amount of coal means: Production of 321 TWh electricity p.a. with zero CO2-Emission ! or Coal input: Oil / 0,35 = 2143 TWh 750 2010/15: 2143 x 0,50 = 1071 TWh Difference: 1071 - 750 = 321 TWh H.-J. Me ier, Dr. K. Th eis, Octob er .2 002 Saving of 30 % CO2 and coal for same electricity production ! 8 Fig.: 13 „Green” Electricity and Hydrogen from Coal Clean Coal Technologies + CO2 Sequestration = Green Hydrogen and Energy from Coal 9 Vision of Technologically Viable and Economically Feasible Increase of Total Energy Efficiency of Electricity Production of Coal Based Power Plants from 30-35 % now to 60-70 % in 10-15 Year Long Perspective 10 HYPOGEN FutureGen 11 USTDEV-1.2.7 - Capture and sequestration of CO2 associated with cleaner fossil fuel plants Global and EU energy supply will, for the foreseeable future (2015 - 2020), be dominated by fossil energy sources. However, their CO2 emissions are a major drawback in the context of global climate change. The challenge is therefore to be able to use these fossil fuels whilst eliminating CO2 through cost-effective capture and sequestration and at the same time maintaining EU industrial competitiveness in global markets. Targets: reduce the cost of CO2 capture from 50-60 € to 20-30 € per tonne of CO2 captured, whilst aiming at achieving capture rates above 90%, and assess the reliability and long term stability of sequestration. 12 Major Research Partners • • • • • • • Poland - GIG, Poltegor, PW, IChPW, IE, AGH, IGSMiE, EMAG Czech Republic: TU Ostrava, ICHP Praque, Germany: TU Stuttgart, gfz Potsdam, GGS Hannover, UK: University of Newcastle, BGS Belgium: ISSEP JRC ( Petten, Ispra, Sevilla) US: SIU Carbondale, US EPA NRMRL Cincinnati, Washington University • Greece: NTUA • Russia: Yukos R&D Centre, Boreskov Institute of Catalysis • Denmark : DTU Lyngby 13 Low emission coal gasification to hydrogen combined with sequestration ready CO2 production 14 ISCC - Innovative In Situ CO2 Capture Technology for Solid Fuel Gasification 15 Energy and Hydrogen Production post-combustion capture Energy Conversion ASU Fossil Fuel Capture of CO2 Oxy-fuel combustion Capture of CO2 Storage/Use of CO2 Energy / Power Energy Conversion pre-combustion decarbonisation Partial oxidation or Reforming CO Shift Fuel gas extraction Energy / Power or Hydrogen 16 Low emission coal gasification combined with CO2 sequestration in unmineable coal beds and CBM recovery 17 Underground coal gasification combined with geothermics and CO2 sequestration 18 CO2 + H2 + CO O2 + H2O CO2 + H2 + CO X CO2 X A H2O HOT H2O COLD H2O HOT ToC 300 C A B C 60 B 0 25 50 75 years 19 Distribution of Magnesium Silicate Mineral Deposits Worldwide xMgO.ySiO2.zH2O (s) => x MgO (s) + y SiO2 (s) + z H2O (R1) MgO (s) + CO2 => MgCO3 (s) (R2) 20 Mine Water The Existing Problem To be Solved And we do not need the more in future 21 Final Targets • Development of background for construction of distributed system of energy and hydrogen production from coal, combined with • European distributed system of carbon dioxide sequestration • using synergy with other methods of hydrogen production 22 Partners from non EU Countries have been invited for participation US RF China Japan 23 TOK 24 R&D Centre of Separation Technologies for Hydrogen Economy Needs Sources of the funds: • Marie Curie Transfer of Knowledge Coordinated Action • US DOE and US EPA open solicitations • European Capital Venture • Private/Public Partnership 25 Production of Hydrogen and Electricity from Coal Division of Component Costs Conventional Gasification Technology Hydrogen Separation Membrane Reactor 5% 17% 27% 22% 39% 26% 11% 8% 4% 8% 11% 22% Gas separation total Compression total Gasification reactor Purification & recovery GTCC or turbine Gas separation total Coal preparation Compression total Gasification reactor Purification & recovery GTCC or turbine Coal preparation Data for diagrams taken from “Production of Hydrogen and Electricity from Coal with CO2 Capture” by T.G. Kreutz et al. .http://www.princeton.edu/~cmi/research/Kyoto02/Kreutz%20Kyoto%2002.pdf 26 Coke - oven gas as a model gas mixture for development of advanced, low cost separation - cleaning technologies 27 28 Hydrogen as FRIENDLY SAFE and PROFITABLE material and energy carrier 29 Innovative Concepts • Hydrogen as a reagent for hazardous waste treatment - dioxin free alternative to incinerators ( EcoSteel ) • Bio-mimetic Process of Hydrogen Generation from Biomass • Hydrogen as energy source for biological methods of value recovery ( metal and clean water) from mine water drainage 30 EcoSteel RESEARCH PROGRAMME OF THE RESEARCH FUND FOR COAL AND STEEL (CALL 2004) 31 Bio-mimetic Process of Hydrogen Generation from Biomass A. Brune, TIBITECH January 1998 (VOL 16) 32 55.0 Hydrogen Production Cost ($/GJ) (February $US 2003) 45.0 Grid Electrolysis (Fossil Fuel Based) PV Electrolysis Solar Based Thermal Powered Electrolysis Solar Antenna Power Conversion Steam Reforming of Natural Gas Partial Oxidation Coal Gasification Ammonia Based Solar Powered Electrolysis Wind 35.0 25.0 15.0 5.0 2003 2008 2013 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 Year 33 Welcome to Cooperation Rogut Jan Central Mining Institute Plac Gwarkow 1 40-166 Katowice Poland (+48) 506 184 865 (+48) 32 259 2455 sixjr@gig.katowice.pl rogutjan@yahoo.com Thanks for Attention 34