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Communicable Disease

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Shared by: Marie Ruby
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Communicable Disease Temple College EMS Professions Infectious Disease Produced  Bacteria  Viruses by invasion of body by  Fungi  Other organisms Communicable Disease Infectious disease Transmissible from one infected organism to another Transmitted by: Direct contact Indirect contact Airborne transmission Vehicle transmission (food, water, needles) Vector transmission (organisms) Prevention Maintain good personal health status Regular physical exams Prevention Immunizations  Hepatitis for:  Tetanus/diphtheria B  Measles, mumps, rubella TB skin test at least annually Prevention Consider immunizations for:  Influenza  Hepatitis A  Chicken pox Prevention  Wash hands following patient contacts  Wear gloves when contact with human body fluids is anticipated  Wear face mask if patient has productive cough (or put mask on patient) Prevention Avoid needle stick (Do NOT recap needles) Clean up blood spills quickly using bleach solution Use disposable equipment Tuberculosis Tuberculosis Bacterial infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) Transmitted by droplets Pulmonary TB - cough, infected sputum, hemoptysis, pleuritic pain) Tuberculosis Pulmonary  Cough  Infected TB Signs/Symptoms sputum  Hemoptysis  Pleuritic pain Tuberculosis Very low communicability, requires repeated exposure Mask patients with active TB Routine skin tests; follow-up on positive reactors Viral Hepatitis Hepatitis A Fecal-oral contact Children, young adults Most infections subclinical or very mild Does not cause chronic liver disease or carrier state Hepatitis B Parenteral transmission (blood, dirty needles) Sexual transmission Can cause liver failure, necrotic cirrhosis Can cause carrier state Viral Hepatitis  Signs/Symptoms Anorexia  Malaise  Nausea, vomiting  Fever  Joint pain  Dark urine, jaundice  Viral Hepatitis Vaccine, immune serum globulin available for both A and B Meningitis Meningitis  Inflammation of membranes covering brain, spinal cord  Bacteria, viruses, fungi  Bacterial forms most serious Bacterial Meningitis  Signs/Symptoms Headache  Nausea  Fever  Stiff neck   Rapid progression to delirium, coma, seizures Bacterial Meningitis Neissera meningitidis  Petechiae  Ecchymosis  Septic shock Bacterial Meningitis  Avoid contact with oral secretions  Not transmissible by breathing same air as patient  If close contact occurs, Rifampin 600mg bid  2d HIV/AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) infection  Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)  Damage to helper T cells suppresses immune system  Viral AIDS  Recurring  opportunistic infections Pneumocystis carini pneumonia  Kaposi’s sarcoma  Candida albicans HIV/AIDS  Transmitted by blood, semen, vaginal secretions  Contact with tears, saliva, sweat will not cause infection  Cannot be transmitted by casual contact  Wash hands, wear gloves, needle precautions
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