Law On Civil Aviation In Vietnam

Legal+document%3a+LHKDD+*+*%2fDate%3a%2f*+01%2f16%2f92+*+*%2fNumber%3a%2f*LHKDD+*+*%2fName+of+Document%3a%2f*+Law+On+Civil+Aviation+In+Vietnam+NATIONAL+ASSEMBLY+SOCIALIST+REPUBLIC+OF+VIETNAM%0d%0a%0d%0aIndependence-Freedom-Happiness+Hanoi%2c+26+December+1991+as+amended+16+January+1992%0d%0a%0d%0aLAW+ON+CIVIL+AVIATION+IN+VIETNAM+CHAPTER+1+General+Provisions+Section+1.+Objectives%2c+Scope%2c+and+Objects+Article+1+1.In+order+to+ensure+aviation+safety%2c+effective+use+of+aviation+potential%2c+contribute+to+economic+development%2c+and+expand+international+relations+and+co-operation%2c+this+Law+makes+regulations+in+relation+to+civil+aviation.+Civil+aviation+as+referred+to+in+this+Law+means+the+operation+of+aircraft+for+the+purpose+of+carrying+passengers%2c+baggage%2c+cargo%2c+post+parcels%2c+and+postal+items+and+for+providing+services+in+relation+to+other+economic+activities%2c+scientific+research%2c+and+cultural%2c+sporting%2c+health%2c+search+and+rescue%2c+and+other+civil+activities.+2.+Any+matter+arising+in+connection+with+civil+aviation+and+which+is+not+the+subject+of+provisions+in+this+Law+shall+be+subject+to+the+provisions+of+all+other+relevant+laws+on+Vietnam.+Article+2+Organizations+and+individuals+from+all+economic+sectors+shall+be+equal+before+the+law+in+their+civil+aviation+business+operations.+The+State+encourages+foreign+organizations+and+individuals+and+overseas+Vietnamese+to+co-operate+and+invest+in+the+area+of+civil+aviation+in+Vietnam%2c+on+the+basis+of+respect+for+the+independence+sovereignty%2c+and+laws+of+Vietnam.+Article+3+1.+This+Law+shall+apply+to+the+following%3a+(a)+Vietnamese+civil+aviation+activity+within+the+territory+of%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cVietnam.+(b)+Vietnamese+civil+aviation+activity+outside+the+territory+of+Vietnam.+provided+that+the+law+of+the+foreign+country+where+that+activity+takes+place+does+not+stipulate+otherwise.+2.+This+Law+shall+not+apply+to+the+aircraft+of+the+armed+forces+(including+the+navy)+or+to+other+aircraft+used+for+the+purpose+of+State+public+affairs%2c+which+aircraft+shall+hereinafter+be+referred+to+as+the+State+service+aircraft%2c+except+in+cases+where+those+aircraft+are+used+for+civil+purposes+or+in+other+cases+provided+for+by+this+Law.+Article+4+1.+Where+any+provisions+which+are+contrary+to+those+contained+in+this+Law+are+contained+in+an+international+treaty+signed+or+recognized+by+Vietnamese%2c+the+provisions+of+the+international+treaty+shall+apply.+2.+Vietnamese+organization+or+individuals+may+agree+with+a+foreign+organization+or+individual+at+the+time+of+signing+an+air+carriage+contract+or+air+services+agreement+to+apply+the+laws+of+a+foreign+country+provided+that+such+application+will+not+result+in+a+breach+of+the+prohibition+regulations+of+the+law+customs+and+practices+of+Vietnam.+3.+A+foreign+law+may+be+applied+in+Vietnam+for+the+purpose+of+resolving+disputes+which+arise+out+of+civil+aviation+operations+in+those+cases+provided+for+by+the+law+of+Vietnam+or+agreed+upon+in+the+contract%2c+and+provided+that+this+does+not+adversely+affect+the+order+and+public+interest+of+Vietnam.+Article+5+1.+The+Law+of+the+country+where+the+aircraft+is+registered+shall+apply+to+matters+which+arise+as+the+result+of+the+operation+of+the+aircraft.+2.+In+cases+where+a+conflict+of+laws+arises%2c+the+following+principles+shall+be+applied%3a+(a)+The+rights+to+ownership+of+the+aircraft+shall+be+determined+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+in+which+the+aircraft+is+registered.+(b)+The+form+of+the+contract+for+transfer+of+ownership+of+the+aircraft+shall+be+determined+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+in+which+the+contract+is+signed.+(c)+Any+payment+for+salvage+shall+be+made+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+where+the+aircraft+to+be+salvaged+is+registered.+(d)+Any+dispute+arising+from+a+collision+or+interference+with+an+aircraft+or+any+damage+caused+by+an+aircraft+to+a+third+person+on+the+ground%2c+shall+be+resolved+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+where+the+accident+occurred.+Section+2.+State+Management+of+Civil+Aviation%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cArticle+6+1.+The+State+management+of+civil+aviation+involves%3a+(a)+Preparing+and+implementing+a+plan+for+civil+aviation+development.+(b)+Issuing+legal+provisions+which+govern+civil+aviation%2c+and+signing+and+guaranteeing+compliance+with+international+treaties+on+aviation.+(c)+Establishing+and+managing+the+effective+use+of+all+available+airways.+(d)+Registering+aircraft%2c+airports%2c+ad+civil+landing+areas.+(e)+Operating+airports%2c+civil+landing+areas%2c+equipment+used+to+direct+air+traffic%2c+and+carriage+which+takes+place+by+air.+(f)+Organizing+search+and+rescue+operations+and+investigating+aircraft+accidents.+(g)+Organizing+and+ensuring+security+of+civil+aviation+operations.+(h)+Supervising+and+examining+and+imposing+administrative+penalties+in+respect+of+breaches+of+regulations+which+occur+in+civil+aviation+operations.+(i)+Promoting+international+co-operation+in+the+aviation.+area+of+civil%0d%0a%0d%0a2.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+be+responsible+for+the+uniform+State+management+of+civil+aviation.+The+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+shall+perform+the+specialized+function+of+State+management+of+civil+aviation.+Article+7+1.+All+civil+aviation+operations+which+take+place+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam+shall+comply+with+all+stipulations+of+the+law+of+Vietnam+in+relation+to+the+use+or+airspace.+2.+Foreign+passenger+aircraft+shall+operate+within+the+airspace+of+Vietnam+only+on+the+basis+of+a+bilateral+aviation+agreement+which+has+been+signed+with+the+Government+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam+or+a+permit+issued+in+respect+of+a+non-scheduled+operation.+CHAPTER+II+Aircraft+Section+a.+Registration+and+Nationality%0d%0a%0d%0aArticle+8+1.+Aircraft+as+referred+to+in+this+Law+means+aircraft%2c+gliders%2c%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cballoons+and+similar+machines+or+craft+than+can+derive+support+in+the+atmosphere+from+the+reactions+of+the+air.+2.+Any+aircraft+flying+within+the+airspace+of+Vietnam%2c+must+be+registered%2c+painted+with+or+display+its+internationally+recognized+nationality+marking+or+any+registered+sign+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+in+which+it+is+registered.+Article+9+1.+A+permit+for+registration+in+Vietnam+must+be+obtained+in+respect+of+any+aircraft+which+is+owned+by+a+Vietnamese+citizen+residing+in+Vietnam+or+by+a+Vietnamese+legal+entity+the+head-office+of+which+is+located+in+Vietnam.+An+aircraft+belonging+to+a+legal+entity+which+has+foreign+owned+capital+in+Vietnam+may+be+registered+in+Vietnam+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+Council+of+Ministers.+2.+Any+aircraft+in+Vietnam+which+has+not+been+registered+in+a+foreign+country+is+required+to+be+registered+in+Vietnam.+Article+10+1.+The+aircraft+referred+to+in+this+Law+are+those+used+for+civil+aviation.+2.+The+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+must+be+registered+in+the+registration+book+for+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.+After+registration+in+the+registration+book+for+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam%2c+an+aircraft+shall+be+deemed+to+be+of+Vietnamese+nationality+and+shall+be+issued+with+a+registration+certificate+as+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.+3.+The+registration+book+for+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+shall+be+available+for+public+inspection.+4.+The+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communication+and+Post+shall+establish+the+registration+book+for+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam%2c+and+shall+stipulate+the+procedures+required+for+registration%2c+the+painting+or+display+of+internationally+recognized+nationally+markings+and+the+sign+of+registration+as+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.+Article+11+A+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+shall+be+reregistered+where%3a+1.+It+is+no+longer+airwothy.+2.+Its+ownership+has+been+transferred.+3.+It+has+been+declared+missing.+4.+It+no+longer+satisfies+the+conditions+in+accordance+with+the+Law+of+Vietnam+for+registration+as+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cSection+2.+Flight+Requirements+Article+12+While+flying+within+the+airspace+of+Vietnam%2c+an+aircraft+shall+have+a+Certificate+of+Airworthiness+that+has+been+issued+or+recognized+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+country+of+its+registration+and+which+satisfies+the+requirements+of+Vietnam.+Article+13+Foreign+aircraft+operating+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam+are+obliged+to+satisfy+the+requirement+of+Vietnam+relating+to+the+use+of+communications+equipment.+Article+14+1.+The+maintenance+of%2c+repairs+to+and+aircraft+and+their+engines+shall+be+conducted+by+organizations+and+individuals%2c+licensed+by+the+authorized+State+body.+2.+All+aircraft+manufactured+in+Vietnam+and+their+engines+and+equipment+shall+comply+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law+of+Vietnam%2c+and+shall+only+be+used+for+the+purposes+of+aviation+after+a+licence+for+use+has+been+issued.+Article+15+The+issue%2c+extension%2c+cancellation+and+withdrawal+of+Certificates+of+Airworthiness%2c+licenses+for+the+maintenance%2c+repair+and+testing+of+aircraft%2c+and+licenses+for+the+use+of+aircraft+manufactured+in+Vietnam+and+their+engines+and+equipment%2c+the+installation+of+radio+equipment+in+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+and+the+use+of+the+radio+equipment+of+civil+aircraft+operating+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam%2c+shall+be+the+subject+of+provisions+made+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post.+Section+3.+Papers+and+Documents+to+be+Carried+in+the+Aircraft+Article+16+1.+Each+operating+civil+aircraft+shall+carry+the+following+paper+and+documents%3a+(a)+Certificate+of+Registration.+(b)+Certificate+of+Airworthiness.+(c)+Licenses+of+crew+members.+(d)+Log+books.+(e)+A+licence+for+the+use+of+communications+equipment+on+board+the+aircraft%2c+where+such+equipment+has+been+installed.+(f)+A+flight+manual.+(g)+a+passenger+manifest+in+cases+involving+carriage+of+passengers.+(h)+A+cargo+manifest+in+cases+involving+carriage+of+cargo.+Depending+on+the+type+and+model+of+aircraft%2c+and+category+of+the+flight%2c+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+shall+stipulate+where+an+aircraft+may+be+exempted+from+the+requirement+to+carry+certain+of+the+papers+and+documents+referred+to%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cin+these+clause.+2.+Papers+and+documents+carried+by+foreign+civil+aircraft+shall+conform+with+the+law+of+the+country+where+that+aircraft+is+registered.+3.+The+authorized+State+bodies+of+Vietnam+may%2c+within+their+functions+and+duties+as+stipulated+by+the+law%2c+examine+the+papers+and+documents+carried+by+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+and+of+foreign+countries.+Section+4.+Rights+to+Ownership+of+Aircraft+Article+17+Any+transfer+of+ownership+or+of+the+rights+under+a+mortgage+or+charge+of+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+shall+take+place+in+accordance+with+the+provisions+the+law+of+Vietnam.+Article+18+Any+contract+for+the+transfer+of+ownership+of+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+shall+be+in+writing+and+shall+be+valid+only+upon+its+registration+in+the+registration+book+of+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.+Article+19+1.+Any+mortgage+or+charge+of+the+aircraft+shall+be+in+writing+and+shall+be+valid+only+upon+its+registration+in+the+registration+book+of+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam.+In+cases+where+a+number+of+mortgages+and+charger+have+been+granted+in+respect+of+the+same+aircraft%2c+the+order+of+priority+of+those+mortgages+and+charges+shall+be+determined+on+the+basis+of+the+time+at+which+each+of+them+was+registered.+2.+The+registration+of+mortgages+and+charges+may+only+be+removed+with+the+written+agreement+of+the+parties+or+by+order+of+a+court.+3.+After+priority+debts+have+been+paid%2c+debts+owed+to+creditors+who+have+registered+their+mortgages+shall+be+paid+on+the+basis+of+an+earlier+registration+having+priority+over+a+later+one.+Article+20+1.+Priority+debts+shall+be+paid+in+the+following+order%3a+(a)+Legal+costs+and+expenses.+(b)+Payment+for+salvage+of+aircraft.+(c)+Special+expenditure+incurred+in+the+maintenance+of+the+aircraft.+2.+Where+several+debts+exist+within+the+groups+contained+in+points+(b)+and+(c)+of+clause+1%2c+of+these+article+they+shall+be+paid+in+accordance+with+the+order+in+which+they+were+incurred.+Article+21+In+cases+where+an+insured+aircraft+which+is+the+subject+of+a+registered+mortgage+or+charge+is+missing+or+in+need+of+repair%2c+the+mortgagee+or+chargee+shall+be+entitled+to+the+benefit+of+any%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cinsurance.+Article+22+1.The+director+of+the+Airport+Department+may+make+decisions+regarding+the+arrest+and+detention+of+aircraft%2c+including+a+foreign+aircraft+which+has+breached+the+law%2c+upon+being+requested+to+do+so+by+other+authorized+State+bodies.+An+aircraft+may+be+detained+for+a+period+no+longer+than+forty-eight+(48)+hours+from+the+time+of+its+arrest.+2.+The+court+of+the+provincial+or+city+people's+committee+under+central+authority+may+make+decisions+regarding+the+arrest+and+detention+of+aircraft%2c+including+foreign+civil+aircraft%2c+upon+being+requested+to+do+so+by+a+creditor%2cor%2c+in+cases+where+the+aircraft+has+caused+damage+to+a+third+person+while+flying+%2c+by+the+victim+or+other+persons+who+have+the+rights+and+interests+required+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law.+Any+aircraft+of+the+same+owner+may+be+arrested.+An+aircraft+which+has+been+arrested+and+detained+shall+be+released+where%3a+(a)+all+debts+have+been+paid%3b+(b)+security+has+been+provided%3a+or+(c)+the+person+who+requested+the+detention+requests+that+the+aircraft+be+released.+3.+Persons+who+request+or+order+the+arrest+of+any+aircraft+shall%2cwhere+that+request+is+without+foundation+or+is+contrary+to+the+law%2c+be+liable+for+any+damages+suffered+by+the+aircraft+as+a+result.%0d%0a%0d%0aCHAPTER+III+Airports+and+Landing+Areas+Section+1.+General+Provisions+Article+23+1.+An+airport+as+referred+to+in+this+law+means+a+complex+of+facilities+comprised+of+a+landing+area%2c+terminal%2c+equipment+and+other+necessary+ground+facilities+which+are+used+in+the+departure+and+arrival+of+aircraft+and+air+transport+services.+A+landing+area+as+referred+to+in+this+Law+means+an+area+of+land+or+sea+designated+for+the+purpose+of+take+off%2c+landing%2c+and+movement+of+aircraft.+The+airport+and+landing+area+shall+be+surrounded+by+an+area+sufficient+to+ensure+the+safety+of+the+aircraft+and+of+the+inhabitants+of+the+area.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+promulgate+regulations+regarding+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing+area+of+a+legally+established+airport.+3.+The+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam%2c+and+foreign+civil+aircraft+engaged%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cin+international+operations+may+only+take+off+from+and+land+on+the+landing+area+of+an+airport+which+is+open+for+international+air+traffic.+An+aircraft+may+take+off+from+and+land+on+the+landing+area+of+a+domestic+airport+only+where+it+has+been+permitted+to+do+so+by+the+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers.+International+flights+as+referred+to+in+this+law+means+flights+which+take+place+between+two+or+more+countries.+Article+24+Airport+and+landing+area+charges+shall+be+stipulated+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+Section+2.+Establishment+of+Airports+and+Landing+Areas+Article+25+1.+the+establishment%2c+expansion+or+renovation+of+an+airport+and+landing+area%2cor+the+opening+of+an+airport+and+landing+area+to+international+air+traffic+may+only+take+place+where+a+licence+has+been+issued+by+the+Chairman+of+the+council+of+Ministers.+The+licence+shall+clearly+state+the+boundaries+of%2c+and+the+adjacent+areas+surrounding+the+airport+and+landing+aria%2c+and+the+conditions+necessary+for+their+establishment+in+each+specific+case.+The+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+decisions+in+relation+to+the+suspension+of+operations+of+an+airport+and+landing+area.+In+the+event+that+it+becomes+necessary%2c+a+temporary+landing+area+may+be+established+for+the+take+off+and+landing+area%2c+and+the+conditions+necessary+for+their+establishment+in+each+specific+case.+The+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+decisions+in+relation+to+the+suspension+of+operations+of+an+airport+and+landing+area.+In+the+event+that+it+becomes+necessary%2c+a+temporary+landing+area+may+be+established+for+the+take+off+and+landing+of+aircraft+subject+to+the+stipulations+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+2.+An+airport+and+landing+area+must+be+registered+in+the+registration+book+of+civil+airports+of+Vietnam.+3.+Construction+and+renovation+works%2c+the+installation+of+equipment+or+the+planting+of+trees+within+the+area+of+an+airport+and+landing+area+which+may+threaten+safety+or+interfere+with+flying+operations+is+strictly+prohibited.+Section+3.+Licence+to+Use+an+Airport+and+Landing+Area+Article+26+1.+A+licence+permitting+the+use+of+airports+and+landing+areas+shall+be+issued+where%3a%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c(a)+An+organization+or+individual+applying+for+the+licence+has+satisfied+all+conditions+in+relation+to+professional+knowledge%2c+use+of+aircraft%2c+equipment+and+other+matters+necessary+to+ensure+air+safety.+(b)+All+requirements+in+respect+of+the+airport%2c+landing+area+and+adjacent+areas+have+been+satisfied.+2.+The+duration+of+a+licence+for+use+shall+be+prescribed+in+the+licence+and+may+be+extended+or+renewed.+3.+A+licence+for+use+may+be+withdrawn+in+the+following+cases%3a+(a)+Where+the+organization+or+individual+applying+for+the+licence+has+been+unable+to+satisfy+the+conditions+contained+in+clause+1+of+the+article.+(b)+The+airport+and+landing+area+has+not+been+used%2c+has+ceased+operation+prior+to+the+expiry+of+any+time+limit+prescribed+by+the+law%2c+or+is+a+hazard+to+air+navigation+whilst+in+use.+4.+The+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+shall+issue%2c+extend+and+withdraw+any+licence+for+use.+Section+4.+State+Management+of+Airports+and+Landing+Areas+Article+27+1.+The+State+management+body+in+charge+of+civil+aviation+at+the+airport+and+landing+area+is+the+Airport+Department+which+is+headed+by+its+Director.+The+Director+of+the+Airport+Department+which+is+responsible+for+co-ordinating+the+activities+of+other+authorized+State+management+bodies%2c+at+the+airport+and+landing+area+and+for+ensuring+the+maintenance+of+public+order%2c+the+environment+and+hygiene.+2.+The+Council+of+and+duties+of+the+the+co-ordination+management+bodies+Ministers+shall+stipulate+the+organization%2c+rights+Airport+Department+and+shall+issue+regulations+for+of+the+activities+of+the+specialized+State+located+at+airports+and+landing+areas.%0d%0a%0d%0aThe+specialized+State+management+bodies+which+operate+regularly+at+airports+and+landing+areas+shall+be+provided+with+convenient+working+places+in+accordance+with+the+plan+approved+by+the+authorized+State+body.+Article+28+1.+Construction+and+renovation+works%2c+the+installation+of+equipment+or+the+planting+of+trees+in+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing+area+must+not+interfere+with+the+safety+of+the+airport+and+landing+area+as+stipulated+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+2.+The+Director+of+the+Airport+Department+shall+be+entitled+to+examine%2c+and+supervise+compliance+with+the+regulations+designed+to+ensure+safety+within+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing%0d%0a%0d%0a%0carea%2c+and+shall+suspend+the+construction+renovation+works%2c+the+installation+of+equipment+or+the+planting+of+trees+in+areas+where+those+activities+threaten+the+safety+of+air+navigation.+The+people's+committees+at+all+levels+where+airports+and+landing+areas+are+located+shall%2c+within+the+scope+of+their+functions+and+duties%2c+in+conjunction+with+the+Director+of+the+Airport+Department%2c+be+responsible+for+maintaining+public+order%2c+ensuring+the+implementation+of+provisions+designed+to+ensure+air+safety+in+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing+area%2c+take+measures+to+implement+the+destruction%2c+removal+of%2c+or+change+in%2c+the+design+of+words+and+equipment%2c+and+the+cutting+down+of+trees+which+threaten+the+safety+of+air+navigation.%0d%0a%0d%0aCHAPTER+IV+Aircrew+Section+1.+General+Provisions+Article+29+1.+The+crew+as+referred+to+in+this+law+means+the+aircraft+commander%2c+the+aircrew+members%2c+cabin+staff%2c+and+security+personnel+required+to+ensure+the+safety+of+the+aircraft+during+flight+operations.+The+aircrew+as+referred+to+in+this+law+means+a+group+of+men+who+individually+perform+the+functions+of+aircraft+commander%2c+co-pilot%2c+navigator%2c+flight+engineer%2c+and+radio+operator+during+the+flight.+The+crew+members+of+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+shall+be+Vietnamese+citizens+except+in+necessary+cases+where+they+may+be+foreign+citizens.+2.+A+civil+aircraft+may+fly+provided+that+it+has+a+sufficient+of+aircrew+members+on+board+in+accordance+with+the+law+of+the+where+the+aircraft+is+registered%2c+or+of+the+country+where+the+office+or+permanent+residence+of+the+operator+of+the+aircraft+located.+number+country+head+is%0d%0a%0d%0aOn+the+basis+of+the+type+and+model+of+aircraft%2c+the+category+of+its+flight+and+the+conditions+for+its+use+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+stipulate+the+positions%2c+functions%2c+and+duties+of+the+aircrew+members+of+the+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+and+of+the+aircraft+under+the+management+of%2c+and+being+used+by%2c+aircraft+users+whose+head+office+or+permanent+residence+is+located+within+Vietnam.+Article+30+1.+The+aircrew+members+of+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+must+possess+the+professional+knowledge%2c+health%2c+and+understanding+necessary+for+their+employment%2c+and+shall+be+entitled+to+perform+their+functions+only+after+they+have+obtained+the+necessary+licenses+issued+or+accepted+by+the+authorized+State+body.+2.+The+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cshall+stipulate+the+criteria%2c+procedures+and+conditions+for+the+grant%2c+recognition.+withdrawal%2c+cancellation+or+suspension+of+the+use+of+licenses+granted+to+crew+members.+Section+2.+The+Aircraft+Commander+Article+31+The+aircraft+commander+of+a+civil+aircraft+of+Vietnam+is+the+person+who+has+the+highest+authority+on+the+aircraft%2c+and+who+is+responsible+for+ensuring+the+safety+and+use+of+the+aircraft+while+it+is+while+it+is+in+operation.+Article+32+The+aircraft+commander+of+an+aircraft+may+make+decisions+in+relation+to%2c+and+shall+be+responsible+for+the+take+off%2c+flying%2c+and+landing+of+an+aircraft%2c+the+cancellation+of+any+flight%2c+the+return+of+an+aircraft+to+its+place+of+take+off%2c+and+for+the+performance+of+a+forced+landing.+In+cases+where+it+becomes+necessary%2c+in+order+to+avoid+further+danger+to+flight+safety%2c+the+aircraft+commander+may+choose+not+to+perform+the+flight+or+to+follow+the+plans+an+directions+of+air+traffic+control%2c+provided+that+at+all+times+he+acts+in+accordance+with+the+rules+of+air+traffic+control+and+reports+to+air+traffic+control+as+appropriate.+Article+33+1.+During+a+flight%2c+the+aircraft+commander+may+temporary+restrain+any+persons+who%2c+while+on+board+the+aircraft%2c+commit+a+crime%2c+breach+any+order+or+behave+in+a+manner+contrary+to+the+orders+of+the+aircraft+commander.+Such+persons+shall+be+delivered+to+the+appropriate+authorities+upon+the+aircraft+landing+at+the+nearest+suitable+airport.+2.+Where+it+becomes+necessary+in+order+to+ensure+the+safety+of+the+flight%2c+the+aircraft+commander+may%2c+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law%2c+order+the+release+of+fuel+and+throw+overboard+baggage%2c+cargo%2c+post+parcels%2c+and+postal+items.+3.+In+cases+where+a+forced+landing+is+necessary%2c+the+aircraft+commander+shall+be+entitled+to+give+all+necessary+orders+in+respect+of+all+persons+on+board+the+aircraft+until+such+time+as+this+responsibility+may+be+assumed+by+the+appropriate+authorities.+Article+34+The+aircraft+commander+shall+be+obliged+to+follow+the+instruction+of+the+operator+of+the+aircraft.+In+cases+where+these+instructions+are+unacceptable+or+unclear%2c+the+aircraft+commander+shall+inform+the+operator+immediately+and+may+adopt+any+of+the+following+courses+of+action%3a+1.+Expenditure+of+money+in+order+to+complete+the+flight.+2.+Performance+of+certain+tasks+in+order+that+the+aircraft+may+continue+flying.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c3.+Taking+of+certain+measures+and+expenditure+of+money+in+order+to+ensure+the+safety+of+passengers+and+their+effects+during+the+flights.+4.+Hire+of+labour+on+a+short-term+basis+in+accordance+with+the+specific+jobs%2c+performance+of+which+is+necessary+for+the+flight+to+take+place.+5.+Obtaining+a+loan+necessary+for+the+courses+of+action+described+in+this+article+to+take+place.+Article+35+1.+Where+an+aircraft+is+in+danger+or+in+involved+in+an+accident%2c+the+aircraft+commander+shall+be+responsible+for+taking+all+measures+necessary+to+ensure+the+safety+of+the+aircraft+passengers+and+their+effects+on+board+the+aircraft+and+shall+be+the+last+person+to+leave+the+aircraft.+The+aircrew+members+shall+not+leave+the+aircraft+unless+ordered+to+do+so+by+the+aircraft+commander.+2.+In+cases+where+other+aircraft%2c+persons+or+property+outside+the+aircraft+are+discovered+to+have+been+involved+in+an+accident%2c+the+aircraft+commander+shall+immediately+inform+air+traffic+control+and+shall+be+responsible+within+his+capacity+to+carry+out+rescue+operation+to+the+extent+that+this+will+not+endanger+the+aircraft%2c+passenger%2c+or+their+effects+on+board.+Section+3.+Labour+Contracts+for+the+Employment+of+Professional+Crew+Members+Article+36+Professional+crew+members+as+referred+to+in+this+law+means+those+persons+who+perform+the+functions+of+aircrew+members+and+who+are+registered+in+the+professional+crew+members'+registration+book.+The+conditions+for%2c+and+procedures+of+registration+and+the+establishment+of+the+professional+crew+members'+registration+book.+The+conditions+for%2c+and+procedures+of+registration+and+the+establishment+of+the+professional+crew+members'+registration+book+shall+be+stipulated+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post.+Article+37+Labour+contracts+governing+the+employment+of+professional+crew+members+shall%2c+in+addition+to+complying+with+the+provisions+contained+in+this+section%2c+comply+with+the+law+in+relation+to+labour.+Article+38+The+employer+and+user+of+professional+crew+members+shall+sign+a+labour+contract+in+writing+with+the+professional+crew+members+and+register+this+contract+at+the+office+at+which+the+professional+crew+members'+registration+book+is+maintained.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cArticle+39+Labour+contracts+for+the+employment+of+professional+crew+members+shall+contain+the+following+principal+information+%3a+1.+The+scope+of+tasks+to+be+performed+and+the+minimum+monthly+salary+to+be+paid+which+shall+be+no+lower+than+that+stipulated+by+the+law+in+respect+of+professional+crew+members.+2.+The+allowances+to+be+paid+where+an+employee+is+forced+to+work.+stop%0d%0a%0d%0a3.+The+conditions+for+termination+of+a+labour+contract+in+cases+where+employees+become+ill%2c+disabled+or+die.+4.+The+last+destination+or+point+of+time+to+be+considered+as+the+end+of+the+duration+of+the+contract+signed+in+respect+of+each+specific+job.+5.+The+duration+of+any+stay+in+a+foreign+country%2c+the+allowance+to+be+paid+in+respect+of+temporary+residence%2c+and+the+conditions+for+leave+or+home+coming.+Article+40+Professional+crew+members+are+responsible+only+for+the+performance+of+the+tasks+described+in+the+contract+and+provided+for+by+the+law.+In+the+event+that+they+volunteer+to+work+under+special+conditions+which+are+not+provided+for+in+the+contract%2c+the+employer+and+user+shall+amend+the+contract+to+contain+those+working+conditions%2c+the+level+of+allowances+and+damages+for+losses.+Article+41+1.+Where+a+labour+contract+is+for+a+definite+term+and+expires+while+the+contract+is+still+being+performed%2c+the+contract+shall+automatically+be+extended+to+the+time+required+for+it+to+be+completed.+2.+Where+advance+notice+is+given+of+an+intention+to+terminate+unilaterally+an+indefinite+term+labour+contract+and+that+notice+is+given+while+the+contract+is+still+being+performed%2c+the+notice+period+shall+commence+as+from+the+date+on+which+performance+of+the+contracts+is+complete.+3.+Where+professional+crew+members+are+unable+to+continue+to+perform+their+duties%2c+their+employer+and+user+shall+transport+them+to+the+place+agreed+upon+in+the+contract+and+shall+bear+all+associated+costs.+4.+Where+the+aircraft+commander+prevents+the+professional+crew+members+from+working+for+reasons+of+safety+or+security+this+shall+not+be+deemed+to+constitute+termination+of+the+labour+contract.+The+employer+and+the+user+of+labour+shall+bear+all+costs+which+arise+from+such+work+stoppages.+CHAPTER+V%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cAir+Navigation+Section+1+%3a+General+Provisions+Article+42+All+Vietnamese+and+foreign+civil+aircraft+operating+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam%2c+State+service+aircraft+operating+within+areas+under+the+control+of+civil+aviation%2c+and+individuals+and+organizations+involved+flight+operations+shall+strictly+abide+by+the+rules+of+air+traffic+control+issued+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport.+Section+2+%3a+Air+Traffic+Control+Office+Article+43+1.+The+air+traffic+control+office+forms+part+of+the+system+for+uniform+management+of+all+civil+flight+operations.+2.+The+air+traffic+control+office+is+responsible+for+complying+with+all+stipulations+for+the+control+and+protection+of+air+space%2c+and+for+operating+closely+and+continuously+in+conjunction+with+the+agency+under+the+Ministry+of+National+Defence+which+controls+and+protects+air+space+in+accordance+with+the+regulations+for+co-ordination+of+activities+issued+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+Article+44+1.+A+person+shall+perform+the+functions+of+an+air+traffic+controller+only+after+he+has+obtained+the+requisite+licence+issued+by+the+authorized+State+body.+2.+Provisions+regarding%2c+the+criteria%2c+procedures+and+conditions+for+the+issue%2c+withdrawal+or+cancellation+of+the+use+of+the+licence+of+an+air+traffic+controller+shall+be+stipulated+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communication+and+Post.+Section+3.+Flight+Safety+Article+45+The+aircraft+commander+and+organizations+and+individuals+involved+in+making+preparations+for+the+flight+shall+strictly+obey+the+rules+for+preparation+for+a+flight.+Article+46+1.+While+operating+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam%2c+Vietnamese+and+foreign+civil+aircraft+must+fly+on+predetermined+airways.+Where+they+fly+beyond+such+airways%2c+the+aircraft+commander+and+air+traffic+control+shall+immediately+take+all+measures+necessary+to+bring+the+aircraft+back+to+the+airways.+2.+An+airway+may+be+used+only+when+there+exist+adequate+conditions+to+ensure+the+safety+of+flight+operations.+The+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+decisions%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cregarding+the+establishment+of+airways+and+issue+of+permits+for+their+use.+Article+47+1.+In+special+cases%2c+the+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+may+issue+decisions+to+ban+or+restrict+flights+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam.+Information+regarding+the+location+of+and+conditions+attaching+to+the+prohibited+or+restricted+areas+shall+be+made+available+to+the+public.+2.+Any+aircraft+flying+within+a+prohibited+area+shall+be+required+to+land+at+the+nearest+airport+or+at+a+designated+airport+outside+the+prohibited+area.+The+aircraft+commander+shall+be+obliged+to+state+clearly+the+reasons+for+the+breach.+Article+48+Aircraft+flying+over+densely+populated+areas+must+fly+at+the+specified+altitude.+An+aircraft+must+not+perform+any+maneuvers+or+training+flights+over+densely+populated+areas%2c+except+where+it+is+permitted+to+do+so+by+the+authorized+State+body.+Article+49+Except+where+it+is+permitted+by+the+authorized+State+body%2c+the+taking+of+any+aerial+photographs+or+the+use+of+radio+equipment+other+than+which+forms+part+of+the+equipment+of+the+aircraft+is+strictly+prohibited.+Article+50+Any+aircraft+which+flies+into+prohibited+airspace+or+breaches+the+stipulated+for+flying+in+and+out+of+that+airspace%2c+the+rules+of+air+traffic+control%2c+or+for+the+control+and+use+of+airspace+may%2c+if+the+order+of+the+authorities+is+not+complied+with%2c+be+required+to+operate+as+directed+by+air+traffic+control+or+land.+Section+4+%3a+Search+and+Rescue%2c+and+Investigation+of+Aircraft+Accidents+Article+51+1.+The+air+traffic+control+office+and+the+search+and+rescue+office+shall+take+all+measures+as+and+when+they+become+necessary+to+rescue+and+aircraft+which+is+in+danger+or+which+has+been+involved+in+an+accident.+An+aircraft+in+danger+is+one+which+is+facing+danger+or+has+a+person+on+board+who+is+dangerous+and+is+unable+to+be+restrained+by+the+flight+crew.+An+aircraft+involved+in+an+accident+is+one+which+has+been+damaged+or+destroyed+during+it+take+off%2c+flight+or+landing%2c+which+has+lost+the+ability+to+communicate+and+is+descending+or+is+forced+to+land+outside+and+airport.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c2.+Where+an+aircraft+is+in+danger+or+has+been+involved+in+an+accident+within+the+area+of+an+airport+and+landing+area%2c+the+Director+of+the+Airport+Department+located+in+that+area+shall+be+responsible+for+co-ordinating+with+the+search+and+rescue+office+in+organizing+the+rescue+of+persons%2c+the+aircraft+and+personal+effects+within+the+respective+areas+of+their+responsibilities.+Where+an+aircraft+in+danger+or+an+aircraft+involved+in+an+accident+is+outside+the+airport+and+land+area%2c+the+search+and+rescue+office+shall+co-ordinate+with+the+appropriate+local+authority+and+other+organizations+in+conducting+search+and+rescue+operations.+3.+All+organizations+and+individuals+shall+be+responsible+for+the+timely+provisions+of+information+regarding+aircraft+accidents+to+the+local+authority%2c+search+and+rescue+office%2c+or+nearest+aviation+organization+for+the+provision+of+assistance+in+the+search+for+and+rescue+of+persons%2c+and+the+protection+of+the+aircraft+and+personal+effects+on+board.+Article+52+1.+Where+an+aircraft+is+in+danger%2c+or+has+been+involved+in+an+accident%2c+or+lost+its+powers+of+communication+and+its+position+is+unable+to+be+determined%2c+the+air+traffic+control+office+and+the+search+and+rescue+shall+immediately+conduct+a+search.+2.+The+aircraft+and+all+people+on+board+shall+be+declared+missing+after+six+months+from+the+date+on+which+the+last+information+on+the+aircraft+was+received+in+accordance+with+the+procedures+stipulated+by+the+law.+Article+53+The+investigation+of+an+aircraft+accident+shall+take+place+in+accordance+with+the+procedures+stipulated+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+Article+54+All+stipulations+of+the+Maritime+Code+of+Vietnam+which+relate+to+the+salvage%2c+protection+and+treatment+of+sunk+or+drifting+property+at+sea+also+apply+to+aircraft+wreckage+and+other+effects+which+were+on+board+the+aircraft%2c+which+are+sunk+of+drifting+property+at+sea+shall+also+apply+to+aircraft+wreckage+and+other+effects+which+were+on+board+the+aircraft%2c+which+are+sunk+of+drifting+offshore+or+near+the+coast+line+of+Vietnam.+CHAPTER+VI+Carriage+by+Air+Section+1+%3a+Air+Transport+Undertakings+Article+55+1.+Only+air+transport+undertakings+which+are+established+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law+of+Vietnam+may+conduct+business+in+the+area+of+public+air+transport.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c2.+A+licence+for+the+establishment+an+air+transport+undertaking+shall+be+granted+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+after+it+has+obtained+a+permit+from+the+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers.+3.+The+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post+shall+grant+and+operating+licence+for+scheduled+carriage+by+air+and+shall+make+stipulations+for+the+grant+of+an+operating+licence+for+non-scheduled+carriage+by+air.+4.+The+licence+for+the+establishment+of+the+undertaking%2c+and+the+operating+licence+may+be+withdrawn+or+suspended+when+the+air+transport+undertaking%3a+(a)+Breaches+the+conditions+of+business+and+operation+or+other+stipulations+contained+in+the+aviation+regulations.+(b)+Has+not+commenced+operation+within+six+months+from+the+date+on+which+the+operating+licence+was+issued.+(c)+Has+ceased+operation+for+a+period+of+more+than+six+months.+The+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communication+and+Post+shall+have+the+power+to+issue%2c+extend%2c+withdraw%2c+cancel+or+suspend+licenses+for+the+establishment+of+air+transport+undertakings+and+operating+licenses.+5.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+stipulated+provisions+in+respect+of+the+procedures+and+conditions+for%2c+and+the+extension%2c+withdrawal%2c+cancellation+or+suspension+of+the+establishment+licence%2c+business+registration%2c+and+the+conditions+for+scheduled+operations%2c+and+the+conditions+for+and+limits+to+non-scheduled+operations.+Article+56+The+National+Airline+of+Vietnam+shall+be+provided+with+the+material%2c+technical%2c+and+financial+requirements+necessary+for+its+operations.+Article+57+Foreign+airlines+shall+not%2c+except+in+cases+permitted+by+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post%2c+carry+passengers%2c+baggage%2c+cargo%2c+post+parcels+and+postal+items+between+places+of+departure+and+destination+which+are+both+located+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam.+Article+58+1.+Foreign+airlines+may+only+carry+passengers%2c+baggage%2c+cargo%2c+post+parcels+and+postal+items+from+foreign+countries+into+Vietnam+and+from+Vietnam+to+foreign+countries+on+the+basis+of+aviation+agreements+signed+with+the+Government+of+Vietnam.+2.+Carriage+by+non-scheduled+operations+from+Vietnam+to+foreign+states+and+from+foreign+states+to+Vietnam+shall+take+place+only+when+permitted+by+the+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport%2c+Communications+and+Post.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cSection+2+%3a+Contract+for+the+Carriage+of+Cargo+Article+59+Subject+to+the+provisions+of+any+contract+between+the+consignor+and+the+consignee%2c+for+the+carriage+of+cargo%2c+the+carrier+shall+transport+the+cargo+agreed+upon+in+the+contract+to+its+destination+and+deliver+it+to+the+person+is+entitled+to+delivery.+The+consignor+shall+be+liable+to+pay+all+transport+freight+and+fees.+Article+60+1.+An+air+waybill+is+the+document+of+cargo+carriage+and+prima+facie+evidence+of+the+conclusion+of+a+contract+for+the+carriage+of+cargo%2c+the+conditions+of+carriage+and+of+receipt+of+the+cargo.+2.+The+absence%2c+irregularity+or+loss+of+an+air+waybill+shall+not+affect+the+existence+of+the+validity+of+the+contract+for+the+carriage+of+cargo.+Article+61+1.+The+consignor+shall+state+on+the+air+waybill+the+name%2c+weight%2c+quantity%2c+dimensions%2c+packaging+and+other+characteristics+of+the+cargo.+Every+carrier+of+cargo+shall+be+entitled+to+check+the+accuracy+of+the+declaration.+The+consignor+shall+be+liable+to+pay+compensation+in+respect+of+damages+caused+to+the+carrier%2c+or+damages+for+which+the+carrier+is+otherwise+liable%2c+due+to+the+irregularity%2c+inaccuracy+or+incompleteness+of+the+particulars+furnished+by+him.+2.+The+consignor+shall+be+obliged+to+deliver+to+the+carrier+of+the+cargo+all+documents+and+other+necessary+information+in+relation+to+the+cargo.+3.+The+consignor+shall+observe+the+conditions+and+requirements+provided+by+the+carrier+in+relation+to+the+packing+of+and+symbol+and+codes+to+be+marked+on+the+cargo.+The+carrier+has+the+right+to+refuse+to+carry+cargo+where+its+conditions+and+requirements+in+relation+to+packing+of+the+cargo%2c+and+marking+with+symbols+and+codes+have+not+been+satisfied.+Article+62+1.+Details+in+relation+to+the+date%2c+weight%2c+dimension%2c+packing+and+number+of+packages+as+stated+by+the+consignor+in+the+air+waybill+shall+be+prima+facie+evidence+for+the+purposes+of+determining+the+value+of+the+cargo+in+the+event+that+any+claims+area+lodged+against+the+carrier.+2.+Details+in+relation+to+the+quantity%2c+volume+and+condition+of+the+cargo+stated+by+the+consignor+in+the+air+waybill+shall+not+constitute%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cevidence+to+be+used+against+the+carrier%2c+except+and+insofar+as+the+carrier+and+the+consignor+have+checked+and+certified+them%2c+or+the+data+relates+to+the+condition+apparent+of+the+cargo.+Article+63+1.+Upon+producing+the+air+waybill%2c+the+consignor+shall+be+entitled+to%3a+(a)+Order+that+the+cargo+be+unloaded+at+the+airport+of+its+departure+or+destination.+(b)+Stop+the+carriage+of+cargo+during+any+landing+which+occurs+in+the+course+of+the+journey.+(c)+Order+that+the+cargo+be+delivered+either+at+its+place+of+destination+or+in+the+course+of+its+journey+to+a+person+other+than+the+consignee.+(d)+Require+that+the+cargo+be+returned+to+the+airport+of+departure.+In+cases+where+the+consignee+refuses+to+accept+the+cargo%2c+or+the+cargo+is+unable+to+be+delivered+to+the+consignee%2c+the+consignor+shall+remain+entitled+to+that+cargo.+2.+All+the+rights+of+the+consignor+contained+in+clause+1+of+this+article+shall+be+terminated+from+the+point+of+time+at+which+the+consignee+requests+that+the+consignor+return+the+air+waybill+and+cargo+to+him.+3.+Any+rights+of+the+consignor+contained+in+clause+1+of+this+article+may+not+be+exercise+where+to+do+so+would+result+in+the+obstruction+of+the+normal+operations+of+the+carrier+or+create+an+impediment+to+other+consignees.+The+requirements+of+the+consignor+in+relation+to+the+cargo+shall+be+recorded+in+the+air+waybill.+In+the+event+that+satisfaction+of+the+requirements+of+the+consignor+becomes+impossible%2c+the+carrier+shall+inform+the+consignor+of+this+immediately.+The+consignor+shall+bear+all+costs+arising+from+satisfaction+of+the+above+requirements.+Article+64+1.+Upon+the+cargo+reaching+the+airport+of+destination%2c+the+carrier+shall+inform+the+authorized+consignee+to+attend+and+collect+the+cargo.+2.+In+cases+where+the+consignee+refuses+to+accept+the+cargo%2c+or+the+cargo+cannot+be+delivered+to+the+consignee%2c+then+the+carrier+shall+be+obliged+to+keep+the+cargo+and+inform+the+consignor+by+registered+letter+of+the+matter.+The+consignor+shall+bear+all+costs+which+arise.+3.+If%2c+within+thirty+(30+days+from+the+date+of+its+receipt+of+the+registered+letter+from+the+carrier%2c+the+consignor+has+not+responded+to%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cthat+letter%2c+the+carrier+shall+be+entitled+to+dispose+of+that+cargo.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+stipulate+the+procedures+for+disposal+of+cargo.+The+proceeds+remaining+from+the+disposal+of+cargo+after+all+expenses+in+relation+to+the+carriage%2c+storing+and+disposal+of+the+cargo+have+been+deducted%2c+shall+be+deposited+in+the+bank+in+order+that+they+may+be+paid+to+the+person+entitled+to+them.+If+within+one+hundred+and+eighty+(180)+days+from+the+date+of+disposal+of+the+cargo+no+claim+has+been+made+in+respect+of+the+proceeds%2c+the+carrier+shall+appropriate+those+proceeds+to+the+State+Treasury+in+accordance+with+the+procedures+stipulated+by+the+law.+Section+3+%3a+Contracts+of+Carriage+of+Passengers+and+Baggage+Article+65+Subject+to+the+terms+of+the+contract+which+relate+specifically+to+passengers+and+baggage+the+carrier+shall+carry+passengers+and+baggage+to+the+destination+prescribed+in+their+flight+tickets%2c+book+seats+for+the+passengers+on+the+aircraft+and+forward+baggage+to+its+authorized+recipient+and+the+passengers+shall+pay+fares+and+fees+including+charges+in+respect+of+any+excess+baggage.+Article+66+1.+The+baggage+checks+and+the+baggage+claim+labels+of+passengers+shall+constitute+prima+facie+evidence+of+the+conclusion+and+conditions+of+the+contract+and+of+receipt+of+baggage+to+be+carried.+2.+The+absence%2c+irregularity+or+loss+of+the+baggage+checks+and+baggage+claim+labels+shall+not+affect+the+existence+and+validity+of+the+contract+of+carriage.+Article+67+The+carrier+shall+take+due+care+of+the+passengers+and+keep+them+informed+throughout+the+flight.+In+cases+where+the+carriage+is+interrupted+or+delayed%2c+the+carrier+shall+be+obliged+to+provide+accommodation+and+living+requirements+for+the+passengers+and+shall+bear+all+associated+costs.+Article+68+1.+Passengers+shall+not+be+liable+to+pay+charges+in+respect+of+their+registered+baggage+or+items+of+which+they+themselves+take+charge+provided+that+such+baggage+is+not+in+excess+of+the+weight+specified+by+the+carrier+in+its+conditions+of+carriage.+2.+Children+are+exempted+from%2c+or+entitled+to+a+reduction+in+fares+and+shall+receive+seats+which+are+suitable+for+their+respective+age+groups.+Article+69%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cThe+carrier+has+the+right+to+refuse%2c+before+or+during+a+journey%2c+to+carry+passengers+who+have+purchased+tickets+and+booked+seats+where%3a+1.+The+condition+of+a+passenger's+health+is+such+that+the+carrier+is+of+the+opinion+that+to+carry+or+continue+to+carry+that+passenger+would+cause+harm+to+him+or+to+other+passengers+on+board+the+flight.+2.+It+is+necessary+to+do+so+in+order+to+avoid+the+spread+of+an+epidemic.+3.+The+passengers+do+not+obey+the+stipulations+which+govern+carriage+by+air+or+cause+public+disorder+or+threaten+flight+safety+thereby+affecting+the+lives+and+health+of+others.+4.+It+is+necessary+to+do+so+for+reasons+of+security.+In+the+cases+referred+to+in+clauses+1%2c+2%2c+3+and+4+of+this+article%2c+the+passengers+shall+be+entitled+to+return+their+ticket+and+obtain+a+refund+of+the+fare+paid+in+proportion+to+the+amount+of+the+ticket+which+remains+unused%2c+after+deductions+have+been+made+in+respect+of+fees+and+fines%2c+if+any%2c+imposed+in+accordance+with+the+conditions+of+the+rules+of+carriage.+Article+70+Passengers+may+terminate+their+contract+of+carriage+and+refuse+to+continue+the+flight+at+any+point+during+the+course+of+their+journey+when+the+aircraft+has+landed+at+any+airport+or+the+destination+of+a+forced+landing%2c+and+shall+be+entitled+to+return+their+tickets+and+obtain+a+refund+of+the+fare+paid+in+proportion+to+the+amount+of+the+ticket+which+remains+unused%2c+after+deduction+have+been+made+in+respect+of+the+fees+and+fines%2c+if+any+imposed+in+accordance+with+the+conditions+of+carriage.+Section+4+%3a+Fares+Article+71+The+principles+for+formulating+the+amount+of%2c+and+conditions+to+be+applied+to+payment+of%2c+fares+for+carriage+by+air+shall+be+stipulated+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+The+Minister+of+the+Ministry+of+Transport+Communication+and+Post+shall+recommend+the+levels+of+fares+to+be+charged+for+carriage.+Section+5+%3a+Carriers'+Liability+Article+72+The+carrier+must+be+insured+against+liability+for+death+of+or+personal+injury+to+passengers+in+accordance+with+the+limits+to+liability+and+stipulations+of+the+law+in+relation+to+insurance.+Article+73+The+carrier+shall+be+liable+for+all+damage+arises+due+to+the+death+of%2c+or+any+personal+injury+suffered+by%2c+a+passenger+which+results+from%0d%0a%0d%0a%0ccarriage+by+air+and+does+not+result+directly+from+the+passenger'+s+own+state+of+health.+Article+74+1.+The+carriage+shall+be+liable+for+all+damage+which+arises+due+to+the+destruction%2c+loss+of%2c+or+damage+to%2c+baggage+of+a+passenger+which+occurs+during+its+carriage+by+air%2c+apart+from+those+cases+where+the+damage+occurs+due+to+any+of+following%3a+(a)+The+natural+characteristics+of%2c+or+inherent+defects+in+the+cargo+or+baggage.+(b)+The+arrest+by%2c+or+other+action+of%2c+the+authorities+or+a+court+in+relation+to+the+cargo+or+baggage.+(c)+Armed+conflict.+(d)+The+fault+of+the+consignor+or+consignee+of+the+baggage%2c+or+error+committed+by+the+person+who+is+entrusted+by+the+consignor+and+the+consignee+to+escort+the+cargo+and+baggage.+2.+The+carrier+shall+only+be+liable+for+the+damage+arising+from+baggage+which+is+lost%2c+missing+or+damaged+where+it+is+prevent+that+he+was+the+cause+of+that+damage.+Article+75+1.+The+period+of+carriage+by+air+of+passengers+is+calculated+from+the+time+at+which+the+passengers+arrive+at+the+terminal+or+enter+the+aerobridge+to+board+the+aircraft+to+the+point+of+time+at+which+they+leave+the+terminal+under+the+guidance+of+the+staff+acting+on+the+carrier's+behalf.+2.+The+period+of+carriage+by+air+of+cargo+and+baggage+is+calculated+from+the+point+of+time+at+which+the+consignor+deposits+the+cargo+and+baggage+with+the+carrier+to+the+point+of+time+at+which+the+carrier+delivers+the+cargo+and+baggage+to+its+authorized+recipient.+Article+76+1.+The+damages+to+be+paid+by+the+carrier+in+respect+of+cargo+which+is+lost%2c+missing+or+damaged+shall+be+calculated+on+the+following+basis%3a+(a)+The+declared+value+of+cargo+and+baggage+where+such+a+declaration+has+been+made.+Where+the+carrier+is+able+to+prove+that+the+declared+value+is+greater+than+the+actual+value%2c+the+amount+of+damages+shall+be+calculated+on+the+basis+of+the+actual+value.+(b)+The+value+of+the+actual+damage+in+respect+of+cargo+and+baggage+the+value+of+which+has+not+been+declared.+(c)+The+value+of+actual+damage+to+the+baggage.+2.+Where+damages+are+to+be+paid+calculated+on+the+basis+of+points+(b)%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cand+(c)+of+clause+1+of+this+article%2c+the+amount+of+those+damages+shall+be+no+greater+than+the+amount+due+in+accordance+with+the+limits+of+liability%2c+except+in+cases+where+it+is+impossible+to+calculate+the+value+of+actual+damage%2c+in+which+case+the+amount+of+damage+to+be+paid+shall+be+that+which+represents+the+uppermost+limit+of+liability.+3.+Apart+from+the+damages+referred+to+in+this+article%2c+the+carrier+shall+also+refund+to+the+consignor+freight+and+carriage+fees+paid+in+respect+of+the+damaged+cargo+and+baggage.+Article+77+1.+The+carrier+shall+be+liable+for+any+damage+which+arises+due+to+delay+in+the+event+that+he+is+unable+to+prove+that+he%2c+or+his+servants+or+agents+had+taken+all+necessary+measures+to+avoid+the+damage+or+that+it+was+impossible+for+him+to+take+such+measures.+Cargo+shall+be+deemed+to+be+missing+if%2c+after+seven+days+from+the+date+on+which+it+should+have+arrived+at+its+destination%2c+it+has+not+arrived.+Where+damages+have+been+paid+and+the+cargo+then+arrives%2c+the+consignee+is+still+entitled+to+receive+that+cargo+and+shall+return+to+the+carrier+all+damages+he+received.+2.+The+damages+paid+as+the+result+of+delay+shall+be+no+greater+than+the+amount+due+in+accordance+with+the+limits+of+liability.+Article+78+1.+A+carrier+shall+not+be+entitled+to+limit+his+liability+in+those+cases+where+he+has+engaged+in+willful+misconduct+or+neglect+thereby+causing+the+damage.+The+liability+of+a+carrier+shall+only+be+limited+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law+and+the+carrier+shall+be+entitled+to+reductions+in%2c+or+exemptions+from%2c+those+limits+only+where+the+person+who+has+suffered+the+damage+has+himself+caused+the+errors+or+contributed+to+the+cause+of+that+damage.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+stipulate+limits+to+the+liability+of+the+carrier+in+relation+to+domestic+carriage+by+air.+2.+Any+agreements+of+the+entered+into+with+passengers%2c+the+consignor+or+the+consignee+which+are+aimed+at+exempting+him+from+or+entitling+him+to+a+reduction+in+the+limit+of+his+liability+stipulated+in+this+law%2c+shall+be+void+and+of+no+effect.+3.+The+carrier+is+entitle%2c+however%2c+to+enter+into+agreements+which+increase+the+limits+of+his+liability+in+relation+to+passengers%2c+the+consignor+or+the+consignee.+Article+79+The+carrier+may+require+that+the+passengers%2c+the+consignor+or+the+consignee+pay+damages+to+the+carrier+or+those+damages+in+respect+of+which+the+carrier+shall+otherwise+be+liable%2c+The+manner+in+which+payment%3a+shall+take+place+and+the+amount+of+damages+to+be+paid+shall+accord+with+the+stipulations+of+the+civil+law.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cArticle+80+1.+The+consignor+and+its+authorized+recipe+...+or+legal+representative+shall+be+entitled+to+lodge+claims+and+institute+proceedings+against+the+carrier.+2.+Before+proceeding+may+be+instituted+against+the+carrier+in+relation+to+the+loss+and+destruction+of+cargo+and+baggage%2c+the+consignor%2c+or+the+passenger+concerned+or+the+authorized+recipient+of+the+cargo+shall+give+notice+of+the+claim+to+the+carrier+within+the+following+time+limits%3a+(a)+In+cases+involving+loss+of+baggage%2c+seven+days+from+the+due+date+of+receipt+of+the+baggage.+(b)+In+cases+of+missing+or+destroyed+cargo%2c+fourteen+(14)+days+from+the+due+date+of+receipt+of+cargo.+(c)+In+cases+of+delay+of+carriage%2c+twenty+one+(21)+days+from+the+date+on+which+the+authorized+recipient+should+have+received+the+cargo+or+baggage.+3.+The+carrier+shall+inform+the+claimant+of+its+acceptance+or+rejection+of+the+claim+within+thirty+(30)+days+from+the+date+of+its+receipt+of+the+claim.+Where+the+claim+is+rejected+or+the+above+time+limit+expires+without+a+response+being+received%2c+the+claimant+shall+be+entitled+to+commence+legal+proceedings.+Article+81+The+time+limit+for+legal+proceedings+to+be+instituted+against+the+carrier%2c+in+respect+of+the+loss+or+destruction+of+cargo+and+baggage%2c+is+one+year+from+the+date+of+arrival+of+the+cargo+and+baggage+at+its+destination%2c+or+from+the+date+on+which+the+aircraft+ought+to+have+arrived+at+its+destination%2c+or+from+the+date+on+which+the+carriage+was+suspended.+Section+6+%3a+Other+provisions+Article+82+The+provisions+of+this+chapter+shall%2c+unless+otherwise+stipulated+by+the+international+treaties+on+aviation+which+Vietnam+has+signed+or+recognized%2c+also+apply+to+international+carriage+by+air+which+is+conducted+by+the+air+transportation+undertaking+in+Vietnam.+International+carriage+by+air+means+any+type+of+carriage+by+air+agreed+upon+by+the+contracting+parties%2c+the+places+of+departure+and+destination+of+which+are+located+either+within+the+territories+of+two+countries+or%2c+alternatively%2c+within+the+territory+of+one+country%2c+but+involving+an+agreed+stopping+place+within+the+territory+of+another+country.+Article+83+The+carriage+by+air+of+postal+parcels+or+items+shall+take+place+in%0d%0a%0d%0a%0caccordance+with+the+provisions+of+the+law+relating+to+post.+Article+84+1.+The+carriage+by+air+of+explosives%2c+weapons+or+toxic%2c+inflammable%2c+radioactive%2c+highly+magnetic%2c+metal+eroding+and+fetid+substances+must+be+permitted+by+the+authorized+State+body+and+shall+take+place+strictly+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+in+relation+to+special+handling+and+carriage.+2.+Any+carriage+by+air+into+and+through+the+territory+of+Vietnam+of+weapons%2c+instruments+of+war%2c+and+radioactive+substances+which+are+capable+of+causing+substantial+damage+to+human+life%2c+health%2c+ecology%2c+and+the+environment+is+strictly+prohibited+except+in+special+cases+where+it+is+permitted+by+the+Chairman+of+the+Council+of+Ministers.+CHAPTER+VII+Non-contractual+Liability+Section+1+%3a+Liability+for+Damage+to+Third+Persons+on+the+Ground+Article+85+1.+Any+person+on+the+ground+who+suffers+damage+caused+by+aircraft+to+their+person%2c+health+and+effects%2c+hereinafter+referred+to+as+a+third+person+on+the+ground+is%2c+pursuant+to+the+provisions+of+this+chapter%2c+entitled+to+claim+damages+provided+that+he+can+prove+that+an+aircraft+in+flight.+or+persons+or+objects+falling+from+it%2c+was+or+were+the+direct+cause+of+the+damage.+A+third+person+on+the+ground+shall+not+be+entitled+to+recover+damage+which+is+not+directly+caused+by+the+events+referred+to+in+this+clause.+2.+The+aircraft+shall+be+deemed+to+be+in+flight+as+from+the+time+of+engine+start-up+for+the+purpose+of+take-off+to+the+time+of+engine+shut-down+after+landing.+Balloons+and+similar+flying+equipment+shall+be+deemed+to+be+in+flight+as+from+the+time+at+which+they+leave+the+ground+to+the+time+at+which+they+touch+down+on+the+ground.+Article+86+1.+The+operator+of+an+aircraft+shall+be+liable+for+damages+suffered+by+a+third+person+on+the+ground.+2.+Where+the+aircraft+has+been+chartered+and+this+is+not+registered+in+the+civil+aircraft+registration+book%2c+the+owner+of+the+aircraft+and+its+operator+shall+be+liable+for+any+damage+incurred+to+a+third+person+on+the+ground.+Where+the+charter+of+the+aircraft+has+been+registered+only+the+owner+shall+be+liable+for+any+damage+arising+when+an+accident+occurs.+3.+The+person+directly+liable+for+damage%2c+as+referred+to+in+clauses+1+and+2+of+this+article%2c+shall+not+be+liable+to+pay+damages+where+the+damages+is+the+direct+consequence+of+armed+conflict+or+of+the+aircraft+being+requisitioned+by+the+authorities+during+such+time.%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c4.+A+person+who+uses+and+aircraft+without+authorization%2c+thereby+causing+damage+to+a+third+person%2c+shall+be+liable+for+any+resulting+damages.+The+owner+of+the+aircraft+for+damage+which+arises+where+he+is+unable+to+prove+that+he+had+taken+all+necessary+measures+to+prevent+such+unauthorized+use.+Article+87+When+two+or+more+aircraft+as+the+result+of+a+collision+or+interference+while+flying%2c+cause+damage+to+a+third+person+on+the+ground%2c+the+operators+of+the+aircraft+shall+be+jointly+liable+for+all+damage+caused.+Article+88+Where+it+is+proved+that+the+person+who+suffers+the+damage%2c+has+committed+errors+or+contributed+to+causing+the+damage%2c+the+persons+who+would+otherwise+be+liable+for+the+damage+shall+as+stipulated+by+the+civil+law+be+exempted+from%2c+or+entitled+to+a+reduction+in+their+liability.+Article+89+1.+The+stipulations+which+govern+liability+for+damages+in+this+chapter+shall+not+prevent+any+person+liable+for+damages+from+instituting+legal+proceedings+against+any+other+persons+for+contribution.+The+limit+of+liability+for+damages+to+be+paid+by+a+user+of+an+aircraft+who+is+a+citizen+or+legal+entity+of+Vietnam+and+who%2c+in+his+use+of+the+aircraft%2c+caused+damage+to+a+third+person+on+the+ground+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam%2c+shall+be+stipulated+by+the+Council+of+Ministers.+2.+The+stipulation+in+this+section%2c+in+relation+to+liability+for+damage+to+third+persons+on+the+ground%2c+shall+also+apply+in+respect+of+foreign+organizations+which%2c+and+individuals+who%2c+in+their+use+of+aircraft%2c+cause+damage+to+a+third+persons+on+the+ground+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam.+Article+90+1.+Foreign+organizations+which%2c+and+individuals+who%2c+operate+aircraft+and+cause+damage+to+third+persons+on+the+ground+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam+shall%2c+in+respect+of+each+aircraft+and+each+accident%2c+be+liable+for+damages+subject+to+the+following+limits+of+liability%3a+(a)+Five+hundred+thousand+(500%2c000)+francs+in+respect+of+aircraft+weighing+one+thousand+(1%2c000)+kilograms+or+less.+(b)+Five+hundred+thousand+(500%2c000)+francs+plus+an+additional+four+hundred+(400)+francs+for+each+kilogram+in+excess+of+one+thousand+(1%2c000)+kilograms+in+respect+of+aircraft+weighing+more+than+one+thousand+(1%2c000)+kilograms%2c+but+not+exceeding+six+thousand+(6%2c000)+kilograms.+(c)+Two+million+five+hundred+thousand+(2%2c500%2c000)+francs+plus+an+additional+two+hundred+and+fifty+(250)+francs+for+each+kilogram+in+excess+of+six+thousand+(6%2c000)+kilograms+in+respect+of+aircraft%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cweighing+more+than+six+thousand+(6%2c000)+kilograms%2c+but+not+exceeding+twenty+thousand+(20%2c000)+kilograms.+(d)+Six+million+(6%2c000%2c000)+francs+plus+an+additional+one+hundred+and+fifty+(150)+francs+for+each+kilogram+in+excess+of+twenty+thousand+(20%2c000)+kilograms+in+respect+of+aircraft+weighing+more+than+twenty+thousand+(20%2c000)+kilograms%2c+but+not+exceeding+fifty+thousand+(50%2c000)+kilograms.+(e)+Ten+million+five+hundred+thousand+(10%2c500%2c000)+francs+plus+and+additional+one+hundred+(100)+francs+for+each+kilogram+in+excess+of+fifty+thousand+(50%2c000)+kilograms+in+respect+of+aircraft+weighing+more+than+fifty+thousand+(50%2c000)+kilograms.+2.+Liability+for+damage+arising+from+death+or+injury+shall+not+exceed+five+hundred+thousand+(500%2c000)+francs+in+respect+of+each+death+or+injury.+3.+Weight+as+referred+to+in+this+article+means+the+maximum+take-off+weight+of+the+aircraft%2c+excluding+the+effect+of+lifting+gas+when+it+is+used.+The+francs+referred+to+in+this+article+is+a+monetary+unit+worth+sixty+five+point+five+(65.5)+milligrams+of+gold+of+millesimal+fineness+nine+hundred+(900).+Article+91+1.+In+the+case+where+it+is+prevent+that+the+operator+of+the+aircraft+has+made+and+international+or+unintentional+error%2c+thereby+causing+serious+damage%2c+the+operator+shall+not+be+entitled+to+the+benefits+of+the+limits+of+liability.+2.+An+unauthorized+user+of+an+aircraft+shall+not+be+entitled+to+the+benefits+of+the+limits+of+liability.+3.+Where+an+incident+occurs+which+causes+damage%2c+as+referred+to+in+article+87+of+this+Law%2c+the+person+who+suffers+that+damage+shall+be+entitled+to+recover+from+each+specific+aircraft%2c+damages+to+the+limit+of+liability+imposed.+The+persons+liable+for+damage+caused+by+each+specific+aircraft+shall+not+be+liable+to+pay+any+damages+which+are+in+excess+of+their+respective+limits+of+liability.+Article+92+Where+the+total+value+of+the+actual+damage+caused+is+in+excess+of+the+limits+of+liability%2c+damages+shall+be+paid+as+follows%3a+1.+Where+a+claim+for+damages+is+made+exclusively+in+respect+of+loss+of+life+or+personal+injury+or+exclusively+in+respect+of+damage+to+property%2c+the+level+of+damages+shall+be+reduced+in+proportion+to+the+amount+of+actual+loss+of+each+claim.+2.+Where+damages+in+respect+of+both+loss+of+life+or+personal+injury+and+in+respect+of+damage+to+property+are+claimed%2c+one+half+of+the+total+sum+distributable+shall+be+appropriated+to+meet+claims+in+respect+of+loss+of+life+and+personal+injury+and%2c+if+sufficient%2c+shall%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cbe+distributed+proportionately+between+the+claim+concerned.+The+remainder+of+the+total+sum+distributable+shall+be+distributed+proportionately+among+the+claims+in+respect+damage+to+property+and+the+portion+not+already+covered+of+the+claims+in+respect+of+loss+of+life+and+personal+injury.+Article+93+The+operator+of+aircraft+must+comply+with+mandatory+insurance+requirements+or+take+measures+to+ensure+the+ability+to+pay+the+limit+of+mandatory+liability.+Section+2+%3a+Liability+for+Damage+Caused+by+Air+Collisions+or+Interference+Article+94+1.+Where+damage+arises+due+to+an+air+collision+or+interference%2c+the+liability+of+the+operator+of+the+aircraft+shall+be+determined+as+follows%3a+(a)+If+the+damage+occurs+due+to+the+fault+of+one+party%2c+then+damages+shall+be+paid+by+that+party.+(b)+If+damage+occurs+due+to+the+fault+of+both+parties%2c+liability+for+damage+shall+be+apportioned+in+accordance+with+the+degree+of+fault+of+each+party.+Where+it+is+impossible+to+determine+such+degrees%2c+the+liability+for+damage+shall+be+equally+shared.+Where+it+is+impossible+to+determine+whether+there+was+any+fault%2c+neither+party+shall+be+liable.+2.+The+stipulations+contained+in+this+article+shall+not+affect+claims+made+against+the+carrier+for+damages.+The+carrier+has+the+right+to+require+the+party+at+fault+referred+to+in+clause+1+of+this+article%2c+to+pay+on+his+behalf%2c+all+damages+in+respect+of+which+he+as+carrier+would+otherwise+be+liable.+Article+95+All+stipulations+contained+in+this+chapter+shall+apply+equally+to+State+service+aircraft.+CHAPTER+VIII+Inspection+of+Aviation+Safety+Article+96+1.+Inspection+of+aviation+safety+is+for+the+purpose+of+ensuring+that+the+stipulations+of+the+law+on+aviation+safety+are+implemented.+Inspection+of+aviation+safety+shall+include+the+following%3a+(a)+Control+of+documents%2c+material+and+licenses+which+are+related+to+aviation+safety.+(b)+Inspection+of+the+technical+safety+aspects+of+the+condition+of%0d%0a%0d%0a%0caircraft%2c+equipment+used+in+the+service+of+the+aircraft%2c+airport%2c+landing+areas%2c+and+ground+equipment+used+in+the+service+of+air+traffic.+(c)+Suspension+of+all+activities+which+are+in+breach+of+the+stipulations+relating+to+air+safety+and+the+grounding+of+aircraft+and+equipment+which+does+not+satisfy+the+satisfy+requirements.+(d)+Recommendation+of+measures+to+deal+with+and+rectify+all+breaches+of+the+stipulations+relating+to+aviation+safety.+(e)+Imposing+administrative+penalties+for+conduct+which+breaches+the+stipulations+relating+to+aviation+safety.+2.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+provisions+for+the+inspection+of+aviation+safety.+Article+97+1.+Foreign+and+Vietnamese+organizations+and+individuals+conducting+aviation+activities+within+the+territory+of+Vietnam+shall+be+responsible+for+implementing+the+decisions+and+request+of+the+aviation+safety+inspector.+The+operator%2c+pilot+in+command+of+the+aircraft%2c+and+individuals+involved+in+aviation+activities+shall+be+responsible+for+reporting+to+the+aviation+safety+inspector+no+later+than+three+days+from+the+date%3a+on+which+any+of+those+persons+are+involved+in+or+become+aware+of+an+accident%3b+of+any+serious+technical+breakdown+of+the+aircraft+or+its+equipment%3b+of+any+malfunction%3b+or+any+other+event+likely+to+affect+performance+in+relation+to+aviation+safety.+2.+The+aviation+safety+inspector+shall+obey+the+law+and+be+legally+responsible+for+the+performance+of+his+duties.+CHAPTER+IX+Dealing+with+Breaches+and+Resolution+of+Disputes+Section+1+%3a+Dealing+with+Breaches+Article+98+1.+Any+person+who+behaves+violently+towards+others+on+board+an+aircraft%2c+destroys+or+caused+damage+to+an+aircraft%2c+directly+or+indirectly+brings+on+broad+the+aircraft+items+and+materials+which+are+capable+of+destroying+an+aircraft%2c+destroys+or+causes+damage+to+air+traffic+control+equipment+or+illegally+interferes+in+its+use%2c+intentionally+gives+misinformation+which+may+threaten+flight+safety+or+who+breaches+other+stipulations+of+the+law+in+relation+to+civil+aviation+activity%2c+shall%2c+depending+on+the+seriousness+of+the+offense%2c+be+subject+to+administrative+penalty+or+criminal+prosecution+and+where+any+damage+is+sustained%2c+shall+be+liable+in+respect+of+claims+for+damages.+2.+Any+person+who+takes+advantage+of+his+position%2c+and+power%2c+to+breach+the+stipulations+in+relation+to+aviation+safety%2c+ticket%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cselling%2c+air+waybills%2c+reservation+services%2c+carriage+by+air%2c+and+other+civil+aviation+activities+shall%2c+depending+on+the+seriousness+of+the+offense%2c+be+subject+to+disciplinary+action%2c+administrative+penalty+or+criminal+prosecution+in+accordance+with+the+stipulations+of+the+law.+Article+99+Any+organization%2c+which+or+individual+who%2c+breaches+the+stipulations+contained+in+article+8%2c+12+and+13+of+this+Law+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+twenty+million+(200%2c000%2c000)+dong.+Article+100+Any+aircraft+operator%2c+crew+member+or+operator+of+aviation+technical+equipment+who+breaches+the+stipulations+in+respect+of+carrying+with+them+the+necessary+documents%2c+fails+to+satisfy+the+conditions+specified+in+the+licenses%2c+or+who+engages+in+prohibited+activities+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+ten+million+(10%2c000%2c000)+Article+101+Any+person+who+breaches+his+duty+to+inform+or+report%2c+as+stipulated+in+article+32%2c+clause+2+of+article+35%2c+clause+3+of+article+51+and+clause+1+of+article+97+of+this+Law%2c+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+up+to+two+million+(2%2c000%2c000)+dong.+Article+102+Any+person+who+causes+damage+to+aircraft+or+its+equipment+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+twenty+million+(20%2c000%2c000)+dong.+A+fine+of+up+to+ten+million+(10%2c000%2c000)+dong+may+be+imposed+in+respect+of+any+person+who%3a+1.+Without+a+permit+granted+by+the+Director+of+the+Airport+Department%3a+(a)+Installs+within+the+airport+and+runway+areas+signs+and+equipment+similar+to+those+used+for+airport+markings.+(b)+Places+inflammable+objects+within+the+airport+and+landing+area.+(c)+Places+objects+to+attract+birds+or+leaves+animals+to+roam+within+the+airport+and+landing+area.+2.+Breaches+the+rules+in+relation+to+placement+of+signal+lights+and+markings+for+the+purpose+of+identifying+buildings+and+project+in+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing+area.+3.+Destroys+the+equipment+and+signals+of+the+airport+and+landing+area.+Article+103+Any+person+who+breaches+the+rules+in+relation+to+the+building+of+architectural+projects%2c+installation+of+equipment%2c+and+planting+of+trees+within+the+areas+adjacent+to+the+airport+and+landing+area+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+ten+million+(10%2c000%2c000)+dong%2c+and+to+an%0d%0a%0d%0a%0corder+to+remove+them%2c+restore+the+area+to+its+original+state+and+pay+all+costs+and+expenses.+Article+104+Any+person+who+breaches+the+rules+in+relation+to+the+carriage+of+dangerous+cargo+or+who+restricts+the+carriage+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+ten+million+(10%2c000%2c000)+dong.+Article+105+Any+person+who+breaches+the+stipulations+in+respect+of+selling+tickets%2c+issuing+air+waybills%2c+making+reservations+and+providing+services+to+passengers+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+op+up+to+twenty+million+(20%2c000%2c000)+dong.%0d%0a%0d%0aArticle+106+1.+Any+person+who+disrupts+the+discipline+and+good+order+on+board+the+aircraft+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+one+million+(1%2c000%2c000)+dong.+2.+Any+person+who+breaches+the+rules+in+relation+to+filming%2c+and+photographing%2c+and+using+the+communication+facilities+on+board+an+aircraft+shall+be+subject+to+a+fine+of+up+to+one+million+(1%2c000%2c000)+dong+and+confiscation+of+his+equipment+and+film.+Article+107+Any+person+who+breaches+the+stipulation+in+respect+of+fire+prevention+on+board+the+aircraft%2c+and+environmental+and+preventative+hygiene+within+the+airport+and+landing+area+shall+be+to+a+fine+of+up+to+ten+million+(10%2c000%2c000)+dong.+Article+108+1.+Any+person+who+commits+a+breach+may%2c+apart+from+fines%2c+also+be+subject+to+additional+penalties+and+other+measures+pursuant+to+the+stipulations+of+the+law+in+relation+to+administrative+penalties+and%2c+where+damage+is+sustained%2c+shall+also+be+liable+to+pay+damages.+2.+The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+stipulations+in+respect+of+the+jurisdiction+over+administrative+penalties+and+shall%2c+when+price+inflation+increased+by+twenty+(20)+per+cent+or+more%2c+adjust+the+amount+of+fines+to+be+imposed.+Section+2+%3a+Resolution+of+Disputes+Article+109+All+disputes+which+arise+in+relation+to+civil+aviation+may+be+resolved+by+way+of+negotiation%2c+conciliation+or+arbitration+or+be+brought+before+the+court+for+judgment+pursuant+to+the+jurisdiction+and+procedures+stipulated+by+the+law.+CHAPTER+X%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cFinal+Provision+Article+110+This+Law+shall+be+of+full+force+and+effect+as+of+1+June%2c+1992.+All+previous+provisions+which+are+contrary+to+this+Law+are+hereby+repealed.The+Council+of+Ministers+shall+make+detailed+regulations+for+the+implementation+of+this+Law.+This+Law+was+approved+by+Legislature+VIII+of+the+National+Assembly+of+the+Socialist+Republic+of+Vietnam+at+its+10th+Session%2c+on+26+December+1991.+President+of+the+National+Assembly+LE+QUANG+DAO%0d%0a%0d%0aBackBack+%3cindex.html%3e%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c