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Health Informatics

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Shared by: sammyc2007
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3/24/2008
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Health+Informatics%0d%0aGraham+Wright+MSc+Programme+Director%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cImagination+is+more+important+than+knowledge%22+%e2%80%93%0d%0a%0d%0aAlbert+Einstein%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cEnrico%e2%80%99s+view%0d%0aIf+physiology+literally+means+'the+logic+of+life'%2c+and+pathology+is+'the+logic+of+disease'%2c+then+medical+informatics+is+the+logic+of+healthcare.+It+is+the+rational+study+of+the+way+we+think+about+patients%2c+and+the+way+that+treatments+are+defined%2c+selected+and+evolved.+It+is+the+study+of+how+medical+knowledge+is+created%2c+shaped%2c+shared+and+applied+Enrico+Coiera+1997%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cHealth+Informatics%0d%0aHealth+Informatics+is+having+a+mid-life+crisis%2c+it+is+a+45+year+old+profession+wandering+around+the+desert+to+find+itself%0d%0aYuval+Shahar+(2001)+IMIA+Invited+Satellite+Working+Conference+%e2%80%98Challenges+in+Medical+Informatics+%e2%80%93+successes+and+failures%e2%80%99+%2c+Madrid+March+2001%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c1.+Definitions%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+Informatics+%e2%80%a2+Medical+Informatics+%e2%80%a2+Nursing+Informatics+%e2%80%a2+Clinical+Informatics+%e2%80%a2+Health+Informatics%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cInformatics%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+the+application+of+information%0d%0atechnologies+to+optimize+the+information+management+function+within+an+organization%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cInformatics%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+information+management+%e2%80%a2+information+technology%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cInformation+management%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+assuring+that+the+right+information+is%0d%0aavailable+to+the+right+people%2c+within+and+without+an+organization%2c+at+the+right+time+and+place%2c+and+for+the+right+price%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cInformation+technology%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+any+technology+which+processes+and%0d%0acommunicates+data%2c+includes%3a%0d%0a%e2%80%93+computers%2c+voice%2c+data+and+image+sensing+and+communications+devices%2c+graphics+devices%2c+multi-media+storage%2c+etc.+%e2%80%93+pen%2c+paper%2c+telephones+and+fax+machines%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cHealth+or+Medical+Informatics%0d%0aThe+terms+'medical+informatics'+and+'health+informatics'+have+been+variously+defined%2c+but+can+be+best+understood+as+the+understanding%2c+skills+and+tools+that+enable+the+sharing+and+use+of+information+to+deliver+healthcare+and+promote+health.+'Health+informatics'+is+now+tending+to+replace+the+previously+commoner+term+'medical+informatics'%2c+reflecting+a+widespread+concern+to+define+an+information+agenda+for+health+services+which+recognises+the+role+of+citizens+as+agents+in+their+own+care%2c+as+well+as+the+major+information-handling+roles+of+the+non-medical+healthcare+professions.%0d%0aBMIS+(2002)%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cMedical+Informatics%0d%0a%22the+science+of+analysis%2c+documentation%2c+steering%2c+control+and+synthesis+of+information+processes+within+the+health+care+delivery+system%2c+especially+in+the+classical+environment+and+medical+practice%22.%0d%0aRecihertz+P+Protokoll+der+Klausurtagung+Ausbildungsziele%2c+Inhalte+und+Methoden+in+der+Medizinischen+Informatik+Ulm%3a+Reisenberg%2fb.+1973%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cNursing+Informatics%0d%0a%22A+combination+of+computer+science%2c+information+science+and+nursing+science+designed+to+assist+in+the+management+and+processing+of+nursing+data+and+the+delivery+of+nursing+care%22.%0d%0aGraves+JR%2c+Cocoran+S+The+Study+of+Nursing+Informatics+Image%3a+Journal+of+Nursing+Scholarship+Vol.+21%2c+p.+227%2c+1989%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cNursing+Informatics%0d%0a%22Integration+of+nursing%2c+its+information+and+information+management+with+information+processing+and+communications+technology+to+support+world+health%22.%0d%0aIMIA+Nursing+Informatics+6th+International+Congress+Stockholm%2c+October+1997%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cHealth+Informatics%0d%0a%22The+study+of+nature+and+principles+of+information+and+its+applications+within+all+aspects+of+health+care+delivery+and+promotion%22.%0d%0aProtti+DJ+A+New+Undergraduate+Program+in+Health%2fMedical+Informatics+AMIA+Proceedings+Masson+Publishing%2c+1982%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cHealth+Informatics%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+Health+informatics+is+seen+as+to+be%0d%0aconcerned+with+the+individual+and+group+behaviour+of+health+care+personnel+in+their+interaction+with+information+and+information+technologies.+%e2%80%a2+Medical+informatics+is+seen+to+be+rooted+in+medicine+and+computer+science+%e2%80%93+the+social%2c+organizational%2c+and+policy%0d%0a%0d%0aaspects+of+information+technology+are+not+usually+taken+into+consideration%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cInternational+view%0d%0aHealth+informatics+is+concerned+with+the+systematic+processing+of+data%2c+information+and+knowledge+in+medicine+and+healthcare.+The+domain+covers+computational+and+informational+aspects+of+processes+and+structures%2c+applicable+to+any+clinical+or+managerial+discipline+within+the+health+sector+whether+on+a+tele+(remote)+basis+or+not.+Health+informatics+is+delivered+by+operational+health+practitioners%2c+academic+researchers+and+educators%2c+scientists+and+technologists+in+operational%2c+commercial+and+academic+domains+Jean+Roberts+%e2%80%93+Medinfo2001%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cBodies+of+knowledge%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+hard+sciences%0d%0a%e2%80%93+biology+and+clinical+chemistry+%e2%80%93+computer+science+%e2%80%93+engineering+%e2%80%93+mathematics+and+physics+%e2%80%a2+soft+sciences+%e2%80%93+economics+%e2%80%93+information+science+%e2%80%93+management+science+%e2%80%93+psychology+%e2%80%93+sociology+%e2%80%a2+medicine+and+other+health+care+professions%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cAreas+of+instruction+and+learning%0d%0aA.+Information+1.+Management+2.+Technology+B.+Healthcare+Organizations+1.+Clinical+(Delivery)+2.+Management%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cA.+Information+1.+Management%0d%0a%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+%e2%80%93+Data+-+Information+-+Wisdom+Spectrum+Power+and+value+of+information+Data+modeling+and+data+standards+Coding%2c+classification%2c+nomenclature+Data+analysis+%26+statistical+methods+Systems+analysis+and+design+Information+sources+(local%2c+national%2c+international)+%e2%80%93+Managing+information+resources%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cA.+Information+2.+Technology%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+Hardware+processing+and+storage+technologies+%e2%80%a2+Computer+languages+%e2%80%a2+Software%3a+operating+systems%2c+databases%2c+%e2%80%a2%0d%0aapplication+Communications+technologies+%e2%80%93+Local+Area+Networks+%e2%80%93+Intranets+and+the+Internet+%e2%80%93+Telematicss%2ftelemedicine+Infusion%2fdiffusion+theories+Effectiveness+metrics+Security+and+Confidentiality%0d%0a%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cB.+Healthcare+Organizations+1.+Clinical+(Delivery)%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0aHistory+and+culture+of+clinicians+Clinical+practice+content+and+process+Clinical+practice+guidelines+and+protocols+Evidence-based+decision+making+Decision+support+and+expert+systems+Health+outcomes+and+health+status+Epidemiology+Population+health%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cB.+Healthcare+Organizations+2.+Management%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0aorganization+theory+and+models+communications+theories+management+process+and+practice+organizational+development+and+change+management+health+economics+and+fiscal+management+resource+allocation+models+individual+and+group+decision+support+systems+ethics+and+legislation%0d%0a%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cClinical+Work%0d%0a%0d%0aInformation+and+Communication+technologies%0d%0a%0d%0aOrganisation+of+medicine+and+health+care+(system)%0d%0a%0d%0aThree+Domains+Needing+an+%e2%80%9cEffective+Fit%e2%80%9d%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cContext%3a+Health+Care+System%0d%0a%0d%0aOrganising+and+managing+Clinical+practice+Learning+from+sets+of+patients+Diagnosing+and+treating+a+patient%0d%0a%0d%0aThe+three+levels+of+clinical+activity+which+should+be+the+focus+of+information+technology+in+a+health+care+system%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cFailure+to%3a%e2%80%a2+understand+the+nature+of+different+clinical+practices+and+its%0d%0a%0d%0a%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%0d%0aconsequence+for+the+use+of+technology%3b+understand+the+nature+of+the+relationship+between+clinical+staff+and+management+which+might+predispose+clinical+staff+to+oppose+introduction+of+a+clinical+information+system%3b+recognise+wider+imperatives+and+set+ill-conceived+targets%3b+choose+robust%2c+transferable%2c+extendable+and+proven+technologies+which%2c+for+example%2c+do+not+inhibit+future+developments%3b+take+into+account+research+and+evaluation+of+informational+developments+such+as+terming+and+classification+systems%3b+relate+the+technologies+to+the+imperatives%3b+recognise+the+clinical+imperative+need+to+treat+more+patients+at+least+as+well+in+less+time+using+new+systems%3b%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cFailure+to%3a%e2%80%a2+create+an+affordable+and+practical+technology+financial+%e2%80%a2%0d%0aplan+from+a+high+level+strategy%3b+involve+the+future+users+in+such+a+way+that+their+input+is+meaningful+to+determine+system+requirements+and+to+gain+their+subsequent+ownership+prepare+and+develop+individuals+and+the+organisation+to+make+effective+use+of+information+technologies%3b+implement+in+an+orderly+and+timely+way%3b+actually+check+whether+the+technologies+are+meeting+expectations+and+requirements%2c+whether+the+system+is+highly+valued+and+to+react+accordingly%0d%0a%0d%0a%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c2.%0d%0a%0d%0aSelects+and+prioritises+opportunities%2c+problems%2c+imperatives+and+requirements+for+change%0d%0a%0d%0aAssesses+and+understands+the+context+%26+identifies+consequences+for+clinical+work+and+imperatives+for+change+Respond%0d%0aRespond+Identify+i+mpact%0d%0a%0d%0aIdentify+impac+t%0d%0a%0d%0aHealth+care+Clinical%0d%0aOrganisation+of+clinic+al+work+Sets+ofpatients+Singl+e+pati+ent%0d%0a%0d%0aObs+erve+%26+enquire+T+el+l%0d%0a%0d%0a1.+Assesses+and+understands+what+%5band+for+what+key+reasons%5d+activities+occur+at+each+level%0d%0a%0d%0a3.%0d%0aKnows+of+appropriate+technological+developm+ents+%26+relates+them+to+inform+ation+requirem+ents%3a+knows+of+opportunities+and+imperatives+for+change%0d%0a%0d%0aT+el+l%0d%0a%0d%0a7.%0d%0aObs+erve+%26+enquire+T+el+l%0d%0a%0d%0aObs+erve+%26+enquire%0d%0a%0d%0aWork+System%0d%0aT+el+l+Relate+%26+check+Relate+%26+Chec+k%0d%0a%0d%0aEvaluates%2c+reviews+and+assesses+the+impact+and+values+it%0d%0a%0d%0aT+el+l%0d%0a%0d%0aRespond+%26+Implement%0d%0a%0d%0a4.+Creates+an+information+and+technology+strategy+and+financial+plan%0d%0a%0d%0a5.+Involves%2c+informs+persuades%2c+prepares+for+these+technologies+and+other+changes%0d%0a%0d%0aReal+ise%0d%0a%0d%0a6.+Plans+and+introduces+new+technologies+with+other+changes%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cStages+of+the+model+1+to+4%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+Assesses+and+understands+what+and+for+what%0d%0areasons+things+happen+%e2%80%a2+Assesses+and+understands+the+context+and+identifies+consequences+for+clinical+work+and+imperatives+for+change+%e2%80%a2+Selects+and+prioritises+opportunities%2c+problems%2c+imperatives+and+requirements+for+change+%e2%80%a2+Knows+of+appropriate+technological+developments+and+relates+them+to+information+requirements%3b+knows+of+opportunities+and+imperatives+for+change%0d%0a%0d%0a%0cStages+of+the+model+5+to+8%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+Creates+an+information+and+technology+and%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2+%e2%80%a2%0d%0astrategy+plan+Involves%2c+informs%2c+persuades%2c+prepares+for+these+technologies+and+other+changes+Plans+and+introduces+new+technologies+and+other+changes+Evaluates%2c+reviews+and+assesses+the+impact+and+values+it%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c%e2%80%98hybrid%e2%80%99+managers-informaticians%0d%0a%e2%80%a2+select+the+appropriate+information+and%0d%0acommunication+technologies%2c+%e2%80%a2+involve+perceived+beneficiaries%2c+%e2%80%a2+identify+the+prospective+benefits%2c+%e2%80%a2+successfully+plan%2c+implement+and+evaluate+the+impact+of+change%0d%0a%0d%0a%0c
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