Interviews Conducted

							                                                                                    1


 SECURITY AND DEFENCE POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

                             Interviews Conducted

                              * = multiple interviews
                           (Place of meeting in brackets)

N.B. For the most part, these involved formal (usually taped) interviews. Otherwise,
they involved substantial, more informal, discussions about European defence issues

                                     *******
*Air Commodore David Adams, UK MOD; Defence Attaché, British Embassy,
Paris (London & Paris)

Professor Gordon Adams, Director of the Political and Security Program, George
Washington University, (Washington DC)

Michele Alliot-Marie, French Minister of Defence, (Boston, Ma.)

Joachim Almunia, European Commissioner, (Boston, Ma.)

Professor Robert J Art, Christian A. Herter Professor of International Relations,
Brandeis University, USA (Cambridge)

Bruno Angelet, PSC Delegation, Belgian Representation to the European Union,
(Brussels)

Cesira d’Aniello, CFSP Unit, Council of the EU General Secretariat, (London)

*Gérard Araud, French Delegation to NATO; Centre d’Analyses et de Prévisions,
Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)

Claude-France Arnould, Directeur DGE 8, Defence Questions, Council of the
European Union, (Brussels)

*Paul Arkwright, UK Delegation to NATO (Brussels)

Jacques Attali, (former) Special Advisor to President François Mitterrand (Paris)

*Michel Aurillac, Président Club 89, (Paris)

Ambassador Jaroslav Auxt, Slovakian Representative to PSC (Brussels)

*Graham Avery, Chief Adviser, Enlargement Directorate-General, European
Commission, (Brussels)
                                                                                  2


*Robert Badinter, President of the Arbitration Commission of the Peace Conference
on the Former Yugoslavia; (former) French Minister of Justice, (Paris)
*Nigel Baker, Security Policy Department, FCO, (London)

*Alyson J.K.Bailes, Political Director, Western European Union; Director SIPRI
(Brussels)

Oleg N. Barabanov, Russian Institute for Strategic Studies, (Moscow)

*Dr. Sarah Beaver, Director General, International Security Policy, Ministry of
Defence, (London and Bucharest)

Lieutenant-Colonel Ian Bell, Department of Force Planning, Ministry of Defence,
(London)

Semen Belyakov, Head of Analytical Division, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia,
(Moscow)

Jacques Bénichou, President, French Aerospace Industries Association, former
PDG SNECMA, (Paris)

Emile Blanc, Former Délégué Général à l’Armement, (Paris)

Ambassador Sylvie Bermann, French Representative to the Political and Security
Committee (PSC), (Brussels)

Professor Bernard Boëne, Ecole Spéciale Militaire (St-Cyr)

Frank Boland, Deputy Director of Force Planning, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Admiral Paul Bonnot, Secrétariat Géneral de la Défense Nationale, (Paris)

Luigi Boselli, Head of the Delegation of the European Commission to the United
Nations (New York)

*Frédéric Bozo, Professor of contemporary history; Chercheur associé à l’Ifri,
(Paris)

Lodewijk Briët, European Commission Representative to Political and Security
Committee, (Brussels)

Olivier Brochet, Secrétaire des Affaires Etrangères, Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)

*Colin Cameron, Secretary General, Assembly of the Western European Union
(Paris & Brussels)
                                                                                   3


Claude Carlier, Directeur du Centre d'histoire de l'aéronautique et de l'espace,
(Paris)
Mihai Carp, Crisis Management Policy, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Dr. Ted Galen Carpenter, Vice President, Foreign Policy and Security Studies,
Cato Institut, (Washington DC)

Alain Carton, Délégation aux Affaires Stratégiques, French MOD, (Paris)

*Anthony Cary, Ambassador, Head of Cabinet of Commissioner Chris Patten,
(Brussels)

Ambassador Carles Casajuana, Spanish Representative to the Political and Security
Committee, (Paris)

Gabriele Cascone, NATO Office of Security, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

*Admiral Jacques Chabaud, French Etat Major des Armées, (Paris)

Didier Chabert, Adjoint to French ambassador to PSC, (Brussels)

*Denis Chaibi, Commission Representation to PSC, (New Haven & Brussels)

Giancarlo Chevallard, External Relations DG, European Commission, (Brussels)

Jean-Pierre Chevènement, (former) French Defence Minister, (Paris)

Stephane Chmelewsky, Centre d’Analyses et de Prévision, Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)

Claude Cheysson, (former) French Foreign Minister, (Paris)

Jean-Yves Clairy, Délégation Générale pour l’Armement, (Paris)

David Clark (Adviser to Robin Cook, Foreign Secretary), FCO, (London)

*Professor Michael Clarke, Director, Institute for International Politics, Kings
College, (London)

*John Colston, UK Delegation to NATO, (Brussels)

Henri Conze, Délégué Général à l’Armement (Paris)

General Jean Cot, Former Commander of United Nations Project Forces, (Paris)

Robert Cooper, Director-General for External and Politico-Military Affairs,
Council of the European Union, (Oxford)
                                                                                   4


John Copley, Deputy Director of Defence, Thales Group, (Reading)
*General Sir Roderick Cordy-Simpson, Deputy Commander IFOR, Bosnia 1996-
1997, (London and Bath)

Dr. Paul Cornish, Director Centre for Defence Studies, King’s College, (London)

Dr Roger Cornish, Directorate North Atlantic & Western Europe, MOD, (London)

Maurice Couve de Murville, (former) French Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
(Paris)

Ambassador Marie Cross, Irish Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

Charles J. Dale, Director, Defence Partnership and Cooperation, NATO HQ,
(Brussels)

Thierry Dana, Cabinet of the French Prime Minister, (Paris)

Dr. Dmitri A. Danilov, Head of European Security Studies, Institute of Europe,
Russian Academy of Sciences, (Moscow)

*Dominique David, General Secretary of the Fondation pour les Etudes de Défense
Nationale, then Executive Director of IFRI, (Paris)

Mike Davis, Head of Policy Oversight, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Professor Yury P. Davydov, Head of Center for European Studies, Institute of the
USA and Canada, (Moscow)

Régis Debray, Foreign Policy adviser to President François Mitterrand,
(Nottingham)

*Paul Marie de la Gorce, Defence expert, journalist and author, (Paris)

Jean-Marc de la Sablière (Ambassadeur de France à l’ONU), (Boston Ma)

Admiral Paul Delahousse, UDF Defence specialist, (Paris)

Yuri S. Deryabin, Deputy Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian
Federation, (Moscow)

General Patrice de Rousiers, NATO Section, French General Staff, (Paris)

Gies de Vries, European Counter-Terrorism Coordinator (Boston, Ma.)

Pol de Witte, Head of Section Political Affairs, NATO HQ, (Brussels)
                                                                                  5


*Muriel Domenach, Sous-Direction Affaires Stratégiques, Quai d’Orsay; then
French Delegation to NATO (Paris & Brussels)

*Chris Donnelly, Special Adviser to NATO Secretary General, (Brussels)

Ambassador Michel Duclos, French Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

*Admiral Jean Dufourcq, French Representation to the EU Military Committee;
then NATO College, Rome, (Brussels & Paris)

André Dumoulin, Belgian Royal Military Academy, (Brussels)

Bergdis Ellertsdottir, Political Affairs Division, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

General Eberhard Eimler, (former) Head of the German Air Force (Bonn)

*Steven Everts, ESDP expert in Cabinet of Javier Solana, (Brussels)

Jonathan Eyal, Director, International Security Studies, Royal United Services
Institute, (London)

Laurent Fabius, (former) French Primer Minister (Paris)

Maurice Faure, Former Minister, member of the Commission pour les Assises de la
Confedération Européenne, (Paris)

J. Javier Fernandez, Foreign Affairs Committee, European Parliament, (Brussels)

Benita Ferrero-Waldner, European Commissioner for External Relations, (Boston,
Ma.)

*François Fillon, Defence Commission of French Parliament, (Paris)

Général d’Armée Pierre Forterre, Member of the French Conseil d’Etat, (Paris)

*Général Charles-Georges Fricaud-Chagnaud, Director of Fondation pour les
Etudes de Défense Nationale, (Paris)

Louis Gautier, Cour des Comptes, ancien Conseiller pour la défense du Premier
Ministre, (Paris)

Hubert Gambs, responsible for ESDP in cabinet of Benita Ferrero Waldner,
(Brussels)

*Sir Tim (Lord) Garden, (former) Director of Chatham House, (London & Paris)
                                                                                    6


Dr. Keith L. Gardner, Scientific and Environmental Affairs, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Dr. Ferenc Gazdag, Director, Institute for Strategic and Defence Studies, (Budapest)

*Admiral Jacques Gheerbrant, French Defence Attaché, (London & Bath)

André Giraud, (former) French Defence Minister, (London)

*Nicole Gnesotto, Director of the WEU/EU-Institute for Security Studies, (Paris &
Bath)

Ambassador Peter Gooderham, UK Representative to the Political and Security
Committee, (Brussels)

*Bruce George, President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE, (London)

Major-General Ian Gordon, Deputy Chief of the Australian Army, (Canberra)

*Dr. Philip H. Gordon, Senior Fellow, Brookings Institution, (Paris & Washington
DC)

*Andrei Grachev, Former Chef de Cabinet to Mikhail Gorbachev, (Fontevraud &
Paris)

*Dr. Camille Grand, Délégation aux Affaires Stratégiques, French MOD, (Paris)

*Charles Grant, Director, Center for European Reform, (London & Bath)

Alexander V. Grouchko, Europe Department, Russian Foreign Ministry, (Moscow)

Jean Guéguinou, French Ambassador to the UK, (London)

Ulrike Guérot, European expert, German Marshall Fund, (Berlin)

*Jean Guisnel, Defence Correpondent Le Point, and author (Paris)

*Elisabeth Guigou, Foreign Affairs Committee, French Assemblée Nationale,
Member of the European Parliament (New Haven & Paris)

*Richard Hatfield, Political Director, MOD, (London)

Brian Hawtin, Assistant Under-Secretary of State (Policy), MOD, (London)

Edward Heath, (former) UK Prime Minister, (Bath)
                                                                                  7


*François Heisbourg, (former) Director IISS, President of Geneva Centre for
Security Policy, (Paris, Brussels & London)

*Peter Hill, Political Counselor, UK Embassy, (Paris)

Anne-Else Hojberg, Political Affairs Division, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Sir John Holmes, UK Ambassador to Portugal, then to France, (Lisbon & London)

General Mihail E. Ionescu, Institute for Policy Studies of Defence, (Bucharest)

Ambassador Metka Ipavic, Slovenian Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

*General Sir Mike Jackson, Chief of the General Staff, Ministry of Defence,
(Birmingham & London)

*Sir Michael Jay, UK Ambassador to France, (London and Paris)

*Paul Johnson, Security Policy Department, FCO, (London)

Emyr Jones Parry, Policy Director, FCO, (London)

*Dr Mathias Jopp, Director, Institut für Europaïsche Politik, (Berlin)

*Dr. Karl-Heinz Kamp, Coordinateur de la Politique de Sécurité, Konrad Adenauer
Stiftung, (Berlin)

Boris Kasantsev, Deputy Director, Department of Europe, Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, (Moscow)

*Professeur Catherine Kelleher, Professor of Strategy, US Naval War College,
(Newport, RI & Geneva)

Sir John Kerr, (former) Permanent Under-Secretary, FCO, London; Secretary to
European Convention, Brussels (Boston Ma.)

Ambassador Julian King, UK Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

Matthew Kirk, European Secretariat, Cabinet Office, (London)

Panos Konstantopoulos, Interparliamentary Delegation, European Parliament,
(Brussels)

Bernard Kouchner, United Nations High Representative in Kosovo, (Oxford and
New Haven)
                                                                                  8


Ambassador Franz-Josef Kuglitsch, Austrian Representative to the Political and
Security Committee, (Paris)

*Professor Charles Kupchan, Council on Foreign Relations, Professor of
International Relations, Georgetown University, (Paris & Washington DC)

Boris Kuznetsov, Center for Integration Research & Projects, (Saint Petersburg)

Admiral Pierre Lacoste, Director of the Fondation pour les Etudes de Défense
Nationale, (Paris)

Mark Laity, BBC Defence Correspondent, later NATO spokesman, (London)

Major Pierre-Yves Lambert, Ecole Spéciale Militaire (Saint-Cyr, France)

*Dr. Carl Lankowski, Coordinator for European Studies, Department of State,
(Washington DC)

*Major General A. David Leakey, Director General, European Military Staff,
(London, Paris & Brussels)

*Ian Lee, Director, Europe, NATO & European Policy Group, MOD, (London &
Paris)

Christian Leffler, Chef de Cabinet of European Commissioner Margot Wallström,
(Brussels)

Pierre Lellouche, advisor to President Chirac, (Paris)

Igor Leshukov, Center for Integration Research & Programs, (Saint-Petersburg)

Mariot Leslie, Foreign and Commonwealth Office, (London)

Jean-David Levitte, French Ambassador to the USA, (Princeton)

Ambassador Imants Liegis, Latvian Representative to the PSC (Brussels)

*Sir David Logan, (former) UK Ambassador to Turkey, Director of the
Birmingham Centre for the Study of Security and Diplomacy (Paris, Birmingham)

Dr. Eckhard Lubkemeier, Deputy Director of European Affairs, Federal
Chancellery, (Berlin)

Ambassador Björn Lyrvall, Swedish Representative to the PSC, (Brussels)

Ian Maclean, Political Counselor, Canadian Embassy, (Paris)
                                                                                     9


*Sir Donald Maitland, (former) UK Ambassador to the EU and to NATO, President
of the Charlemagne Foundation, (London & Bath)

*Bruce Mann, NATO and European Division, MOD, (London)

Henri Martre, (former) Délégué Général à l’Armement, former PDG Aérospatiale
(Paris)

*Air Vice Marshall Tony Mason, Director of the Centre for the Study of Security
and Diplomacy, University of Birmingham (Moscow & Birmingham)

Andrew Mathewson, Director, International Policy, MOD (London)

Iouri Matveevski, Professor of European Law, (Moscow)

Bruce P. McLane, Head Peackeeping Section, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

Captain Leigh Merrick, Royal Navy, Cooperation and Regional Security Division,
NATO HQ, (Brussels)

*General Graham Messervy-Whiting, First DG of the EU Military Staff, Brussels
(Geneva & Birmingham)

*Pierre Messmer, Former French Defence Minister and Prime Minister, (Paris)

Général de Brigade Aérienne Jean Michel, Etat-Major des Armées, (Paris)

Ambassador Robert Milders, Dutch Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

Pierre Morel, Advisor to President François Mitterrand, (Paris)

Major Tom Mowle, US Air Force Academy, (Colorado Springs, USA)

*Graham Muir, UK Delegation to NATO, (Brussels)

*Jean Musitelli, Advisor to President François Mitterrand, (Paris)

Ambassador Reimer Nielsen, Danish Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

*Dr Alexander I Nikitin, Director, Center for International and Political Studies,
Moscow (Chapel Hill & Moscow)

Jette Nordam, Head, Multilateral & Regional Affairs Section, NATO HQ, (Brussels)

*Dr. Eva Nowotny, Austrian ambassador to the US, (Vienna, Honolulu and Boston)
                                                                                     10


Dr. Michael O’Hanlon, Senior Fellow, The Sydney Stein, Jr. Chair, Brookings
Institution, (Washington DC)

*Marc Otte, Head of ESDP, Policy Unit, Council of the European Union; then EU
Special Representative to the Middle East (Brussels)

Lord David Owen (former) UK Foreign Secretary, (London)

Dr Plamen Pantev, Director, Institute for Security and International Studies, (Sofia)

*Lord Chris Patten, European Commissioner for External Relations, (Bath,
Brussels, Paris & New Haven)

Graham Paul, Direction des Affaires Stratégiques, Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)

*Quentin Peel, International Affairs Editor, Financial Times, (London & New
Haven)

Ambassador Kenneth N. Peltier, Deputy Assistant Secretary General, NATO HQ,
(Brussels)

*General Jean-Paul Pélisson, French Representative to NATO Military Committee,
(Paris and Brussels)

*Marc Perrin de Brichambaut, Head of DAS, French MOD, (Paris & Boston)

*Lieutenant-Colonel Frédéric Pesme, Ecole Spéciale Militaire (Saint-Cyr & Paris)

Dr. Alexander A Pikayev, IMEMO, Moscow, (Tokyo)

*Edgard Pisani, (former Minister of General de Gaulle); Foreign Affairs adviser to

President François Mitterrand; President Institut du Monde Arabe, (Paris, Oxford,
Bath)

Admiral Mikhail Popov, Head of NATO Division, Ministry of Defence, (Moscow)

Ambassador Maciej Popowski, Polish Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

*Professor Barry Posen, Professor of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, (Cambridge, Ma.)

David Powell, UK Delegation to NATO, (Brussels)

Hugh Powell, Head, Security Policy Group, FCO, (London)
                                                                                  11


Samantha Purdey, Head of ESDP Section, FCO, (London)

Bruno Racine, Ancien Directeur du CAP et Conseiller pour les affaires
diplomatiques du Premier Ministre, (Paris)

Fritz Rademacher, Multilateral and Regional Affairs Division, NATO HQ,
(Brussels)

Matthew Reece, ESDP expert in Cabinet of Javier Solana, (Brussels)

Dr. Henning Riecke, Senior Research Fellow, Deutsche Gesselschaft fur
Auswartiges Politik, (Berlin)

Ambassador John B. Richardson, EU Ambassador to the United Nations, (New
Haven)

*Ambassador David Richmond, UK Representative to PSC, (Paris, Brussels &
London)

Sir Peter Ricketts, UK Ambassador to NATO, (Brussels)

Lord George Robertson, Secretary General, NATO, (London)

Michel Rocard, (former) French Prime Minister, (Boston & Paris)

Colin Roberts, Head CFSP Department, FCO, (London)

*Lord John Roper, (former) Director of WEU Institute for Security Studies,
(London and Paris)

Dr. Peter Rudolf, Senior Research Associate, Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik,
(Berlin)

Volker Rühe, (former) German Defence Minister, (Boston)

*Michael Rühle, Head, Policy Planning and Speechwriting Division, NATO HQ,
(Brussels)

Matthew Rycroft, Advisor to Tony Blair, 10, Downing Street, (London)

Admiral Pierre Sabatier-Garat, French Defence Attaché, French Embassy,
(London)

*Admiral Antoine Sanguinetti, (former) Major Général de la Marine, (Paris &
Bath)
                                                                                 12


Général de Brigade Patrice Sartre, Defence Advisor to the Secrétariat Général à la
Défense Nationale (Paris)

*Professor Kori Schake, US National Security Council; then US Military Academy,
West Point (Washington DC, Madison Wis, New Haven)

Bernard Schuler, Centre d’Analyse et de Prévision, Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)

General Rainer Schuwirt, Head of EU Military Committee, (Brussels)

Alexandra Schwartzbrod, Defence Correspondent Libération, author & defence
consultant (Paris)

General Brent Scowcroft, (former) National Security Adviser; President, Scowcroft
Group, (Washington DC)

Dr. Jiri Sedivy, Director, Institute of International Relations, (Prague)

Sam Selvaduri, UK Delegation to NATO, (Brussels)

*Michael Shackleton, Head of Division, European Parliament, (Paris & Brussels)

William Shapcott, Adviser to the High Representative CFSP, Council of the
European Union, (Lisbon)

*Dr. Jamie Shea, Director, Policy Planning, NATO HQ, (Boston & Brussels)
Commodore Malcolm Shirley, Royal Navy, Commodore of HMS SULTAN (Bath)

Goran Svilanovic, Chair, Working Table 1, Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe,
(New Haven)

Anatoly A. Slussar, Ambassador, Foreign Policy Association, (Moscow)

*Colonel François Sommerlat, Head of Mission EU-WEU, Etat-Major des Armées,
French MOD, (Bath & Paris)

Javier Solana, High Representative for the CFSP, Secretary General of the
European Council (Cambridge Ma. & Paris)

David Spence, European Commission Delegate to Disarmament Talks, Geneva
(London)

*Helmut Steinel, Head of External Relations, European Commission DG 1A,
(Brussels)
                                                                                 13


General Jean Suquet, Director Institut des Hautes Etudes de Défense Nationale,
(Paris)

Dmitri Tarabrine, Europe Department, Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
(Moscow)

*Bruno Tertrais, Fondation pour la Recherche Stratégique, (Paris)
Nuno Severiano Teixeira, Director Instituto de Defensa Nacional, (Lisbon)

*Adam Thomson, Head, Security Policy, FCO, (London)
Dmitri V. Trenin, Deputy Director, Carnegie Moscow Center, (Paris)

Lord Christopher Tugendhat, (former) European Commissioner, (Bath)

Patrick Turner, Security Policy Department, MOD, (London)

*Dr Ivan Tyulin, Deputy Director, MGIMO, (Moscow, Bath, Paris)

Colonel Nicolae Uscoi, National Defence College, (Bucharest)

Dr. Anatoly I. Utkin, Chair of Foreign Policy Department, Institute of USA and
Canada Studies, (Moscow)

Pavel Vacek, Czech Foreign Ministry, (Prague)

Wim Van Eekelen, Secretary General WEU, (Brussels)

Hubert Védrine, Secretary General of the Elysée; (former) French Foreign
Minister, (Paris)

Simone Veil, Member, Assises de la Confederation Européenne, (Paris)

Sacha Vondra, Advisor to President Vaclav Havel, (Prague)
Colonel Jacques Walch, French Representation to NATO Military Committee,
(Paris)

*Sir Stephen Wall, UK Ambassador to the EU; advisor to Tony Blair, (Brussels,
London and New Haven)

*Professor Stephen Walt, Robert and Renee Belfer Professor of International
Affaires, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, (Cambridge, Ma).

David Ward, CFSP Department, FCO, (London)

Dr Christof Weil, Head of ESDP Division, Auswärtiges Amt, (Berlin)
                                                                               14


*Hans-Bernhard Weisserth, Head of ESDP, Council of the European Union,
(Brussels)

*Bryan Wells Deputy Director, North Atlantic & Western Europe, MOD, (London)

Dr Alison Weston, Civilian Crisis Management DGE IX, Council of the European
Union, (Munich)

Richard A. Williams, Armaments Planning, Programmes and Policy, NATO HQ,
(Brussels)

*Lord David Williamson, Secretary General of the European Commission;
(Brussels and Bath)

General Dr. Klaus Wittmann, Defence Adviser FRG Delegation to NATO,
(Brussels)

Ambassador Dirk Wouters, Belgian Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

Richard Wright, Commission Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

Alexander Yakovlev, International Democracy Foundation, (Moscow)

Ambassador Tarcisio Zammit, Maltese Representative to PSC, (Brussels)

*Henry Zipper de Fabiani, Adjoint au Directeur, French MOD, Paris; OSCE
Delegation to BiH, (Paris & Bath)

*General Jens Zimmermann, German Defence Attaché, German Embassy, (Paris)

Salomé Zourabichvili, Affaires Stratégiques, Quai d’Orsay, (Paris)