Load Forecast

APPENDIX A 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Hadi Saadat, ”Power System Analysis ”, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, 2002 2. A Report on Transmission Planning Study 2004, Nepal Electricity Authority 3. Rajesh Rajaraman, Fernando Alvarado et. al. Determination of Location and Amount of Series Compensation to Increase Power Transfer Capability, IEEE Transaction on Power Systems, Vol. 13, No. 2, May 1988 4. Real time Load Dispatch Data, Nepal Electricity Authority, Load Dispatch Centre, Siuchatar. 5. Matt Matele, ABB power Systems AB, Vasteras, Sweden “Enhancing of transmission capability by means of series compensation” PowerTech Conference, Mumbai, India, October 1999 6. M. Noroozian, P. Halvarsson, Reactive Power Compensatin Division, ABB Power Systems, S-721 64 Vasteras, Sweden, ”Applications of Controllable Series Capacitors for Damping or Power Swings”, 5th Symposium of Specialists in Electric and expansion Planning, (V SEPOPE), May 19-24, Brazil 7. Rolf Grunbaum, Ake Peterson, Bjorn Thorvaldsson, ”FACTS: Improving the performance of electrical grids”, ABB Review 3, 2002. 2 8. Rolf Grunbaum, Mojtaba Noroozian, Bjorn Thorvaldsson, ABB Power Systems, ”FACTS – powerful system for flexible power transmission”, ABB Review 5/1999. 9. Tore Petersson, ABB Power Systems, Sweden, ”Reactive Power Compensation”, ABB information bulletin. 10. Rahul Chokhawala, Bo Danelsson, Lennart Angquist, ”Power Semiconductors in Transmission and Distribution Applications”. 11. ”Series Compensation, Boosting transmission capacity”, ABB brochure. 12. R. Grünbaum Jacques Pernot, ”Thyristor-controlled Series Compensation: A State of art approach for optimization of transmission over power links” ABB Review 13. Dr. Vijay Vittal, E 457, ”Use of Series Compensation in Transmission Lines” 14. IEEE Standard for Series Capacitors in Power Systems, IEEE Std 824-1994 (Revision of IEEE Std 824-1985) 15. S.A. Soliman S.F. Mekhamer, M. E. El-Haw&y M. M. Mansour, M. A. Moustaf, ”State of the Art in Optimal Capacitor Allocation for Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Feeders” 16. E.J. de Oliveiraa,*, J.W. Marangon Limab, J.L.R. Pereira, ”Flexible AC transmission system devices: allocation and transmission pricing”, Electrical Power and Energy Systems 21 (1999) 111–118 3 17. A.S. Nayak and M.A. Pai, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, ”Congestion M anagement in Restructured Power Systems Using an Optimal Power Flow Framework”, Masters Thesis and Project Report, Power Systems Engineering Research Center 18. Narain G. Hingorani, ”Flexible ac transmission”, IEEE spectrum April 1993 19. S. S. Vadhera, ”Power Sys tem Analysis and Stability”, Khanna Publishers, 2000 20. Rakosh Das Begamudre, ”Extra High Voltage AC Transmission Engineering” 21. John J. Grainger, William D. Stevenson, Jr., ”Power System Analysis”, McGraw-Hill, Inc. 22. M. V. Deshpande, ”Electrical Power System Design”, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Company 23. Narain G. Hingorani, Laszlo Gyugyi, ”Understanding FACTS: Concepts and Techonology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems” IEEE Press, Poscataway, NJ 08855-1331 4 APPENDIX B 5 SERIES COMPENSATION TECHNOLOGY Series compensation is used in numerous applications and locations around the world. There are currently approximately 500 series compensation installations worldwide. Series compensation is frequently found on long transmission lines used to improve voltage regulation. Due to the long transmission lines, voltage begins to decay as the line moves further from the source. Series compensation devices placed strategically on the line increase the voltage profile of the line. Another application where series compensation is commonly used includes situations where improved power transfer capability is required. Series compensation is a valid solution to increasing power transfer capabilities mainly because it is a more cost effective method compared to other methods currently available. One less common method to increasing power transfer capabilities is to install additional lines to an existing system. Adding new lines presents many disadvantages when compared to using the alternative of series compensation. The m disadvantages posed when ain installing additional lines to a system include astronomical equipment and installation costs, long term planning and approval periods that can exceed 3 years, as well as long-term installation periods. Series compensation does not pose any of the disadvantages previously mentioned. Series compensation is most well known for its use in improving system stability. Added stability greatly improves how the grid can handle a fault. When stability is questionable in certain areas, series compensation is a viable method used today to improve its stability. The applications previously mentioned are merely a select few of the uses that series compensation devices provide. These applications and others are used throughout the world to improve the system as a whole. One common location where series compensation devices are used heavily is on long transmission lines fed from hydroelectric generating plants. Many of the lines use the series compensation devices 6 to improve voltage regulation because the main load area is commonly several hundred kilometers from the generating station, allowing for large voltage decay. Series Compensation is used in order to decrease the transfer reactance of a power line at power frequency. A series capacitor installation generates reactive power that, in a self- regulating manner, balances a fraction of the line's transfer reactance. The result is improved functionality of the power transmission system through: • increased angular stability of the power corridor • improved voltage stability of the corridor • optimized power sharing between parallel circuits • Increases power transfer Improves reactive power balance Improves voltage regulation Economic savings • • • 7 Series Capacitor installations are installed in series with a transmission line, which means that all the equipment must be installed on a platform that is fully insulated for the system voltage in question. On this steel platform, the main capacitor is located together with the overvoltage protection circuits. The overvoltage protection is a key design factor as the capacitor bank has to withstand the throughput fault current, even at a severe nearby fault. The primary overvoltage protection typically involves non- linear metal-oxide varistors, a spark gap and a fast bypass switch. Secondary protection is achieved with ground mounted electronics acting on signals from optical current transducers in the high voltage circuit. Figure 1 A Typical Installation of Series Capacitor SC PRINCIPLE In a transmission system, the maximum active power transferable over a certain power line is inversely proportional to the series reactance of the line. Thus, by compensating the series reactance to a certain degree, using a Series Capacitor, an electrically shorter line is realized and higher active power transfer is achieved. Since the series capacitor is self-regulated, i.e. its output is directly (without control) proportional to the line current 8 itself, it will also partly balance the voltage drop caused by the transfer reactance. Consequently, the voltage stability of the transmission system is raised. Series compensation in a transmission system improves voltage control and reactive power balance because the reactive power generation in series capacitors increases as the transmitted power increases. In this respect, the series capacitor is a self- regulating device. The transmission system configuration and the requirements regarding protective equipment and reinsertion time determine the protective scheme to be adopted. The time from when a faulty line section is disconnected until the series capacitors are again in full operation is often the most essential factor to be taken into consideration. Protection is much more important in series compensation than in shunt. The main reason for this is the fact that the capacitors are placed in series with the line thus making the device more susceptible to line currents than shunt capacitors. This need for additional protection is one of the main reasons that series compensation is more costly than shunt compensation. Approximately 40-50% of the total cost of a series compensation installation goes to system protection. There are numerous methods for protection implementation. These include the use of fuses, varistors, and spark gap settings. Fuses are used to disconnect and isolate the faulted section of a capacitor bank. By separating the capacitors into sections and protecting each section by a different fuse, the risk of secondary faults can be eliminated. Two types of fuse designs exist: external and internal. Internal fuse designs provide one main advantage ove r external fuse designs in the sense that when a fault occurs, the capacitance of the series compensation component will reduce by approximately 3%. 9 With respect to an external fuse design, a fault occurrence will result in the entire series compensation unit being taken out of service. Varistors, as mentioned earlier are used as another method for protection implementation. The world’s first varistor protective scheme was put into practice in 1979 by General Electric. This scheme allows for fast reinsertio n following disturbances, providing a cost effective high-performance option. Spark gap settings are another effective method of protection that works in conjunction with varistors. This option provides excellent over-voltage protection and allows the capacitor to remain in service during the majority of system faults. The main idea behind a spark gap is that it enables the series capacitor to be bypassed in certain situations where the varistor is unable to absorb currents during the presence of a fault. The elimination of the spark gap improves reliability, eliminates gap maintenance issues, reduces the required platform area, increases the capacitor bank’s availability, and lowers the installation cost. Depending on the environment in which the series capacitor is to operate, a suitable protective principle will be specified. • • Single Gap Protective Principle Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) 10 Figure 2 500 MVAR 400 kV Series Capacitor at Isovaara, Swedish Power Grid The basic protective scheme for series capacitors is shown in the diagram below. In parallel with the capacitor bank, there is a spark gap which will by-pass the bank in the event of excessive overvoltages caused by system faults. The short-circuit current then flows through the spark gap instead of through the capacitors. A damping circuit limits the amplitude and provides the required damping of the capacitor discharge current. To by-pass and reinsert the series capacitors, a by-pass breaker is incorporated. The singlegap scheme is designed to provide medium speed reinsertion, approximately. 200-400 ms, which in most cases is fully adequate. The characteristics of the above scheme are: • Very robust and reliable protective equipment • Figure 3Single Gap Series Capacitor Non-self-extinguishing spark gaps Medium-speed reinsertion • 11 A non- linear resistor of zinc-oxide (ZnO) type limits the voltage across the series capacitor during a fault sequence and reinserts the bank immediately on termination of the fault current. The energy is normally absorbed by the ZnO varistor without necessitating the firing of the spark gap or closing of the by-pass breaker. The series capacitor and the ZnO varistor are in circuit during the fault period and reinsertion takes place automatically and without delay when the line fault is cleared. The characteristics of the ZnO scheme are: • • • • • Static protective circuit Instantaneous reinsertion feature Inherent back-up protection Improved compensation efficiency Reduced reinsertion transients 12 Figure 4 MOV-Protection – Gap(Fig A) and Gapless System (Fig B) Due to recent developments in Series Compensation Technology, many technical problems have been solved and the failure rates of the capacitors and varistors used has decreased. General Electric, ABB and Alstom have produced capacitors with an average failure rate of approximately more than 0.3%. System reliability when dealing with series capacitance was something that had been inconsistent throughout different applications in the past. When a series compensation application was implemented in Sweden in 1975, the system was extremely reliable. In 15,000 capacitor unit service years (number of capacitors multiplied by the number of years), only 3 units had to be replaced. This was an average annual failure rate of less than 0.1%. However, when a similar application was implemented in the United States in the 1970’s, the system was much less reliable. There were problems with the reliability of reinserting capacitance back into the system following disturbances. But due to advanced technological improvements and strict IEEE standards for Series Capacitors [14] and a separate IEEE committee for series capacitors, the Series Compensation Technology is now well tested and proven. 13 DISADVANTAGES OF SERIES COMPENSATION • High initial cost • Heavy dependence on protection • Past reinsertion problems following a disturbance • Sub-synchronous resonance (Mojave) The two main disadvantages of series compensation are the high initial costs and the subsynchronous resonance. Advancements are being made to improve the protection of series compensation. As the components used to protect this implementation method become more reliable, they won’t need to be replaced as often and the system will be operable for a longer time at the same overall cost. Sub-synchronous resonance is another major problem when dealing with series compensation. In 1971 at Southern California Edison’s Mojave station in Nevada, one of the generator shafts broke unexpectedly. Upon checking into the problem, it was found that the 60 Hz generator was producing 31 Hz, corresponding to a torsional resonance frequency of 29 Hz, the complementary frequency for 60 Hz. After conducting research, series compensation on the transmission line was found to have changed the electric circuits natural frequency to coincide with the mechanical system’s natural frequency. When these two frequencies matched up, oscillations at the resonance frequency of the system began. In the case of the Mojave station, the oscillations were so strong that one of the generator shafts actually broke. Currently, avoiding one generator’s natural frequency can be done with relative ease. However, it is more difficult to avoid the frequencies of all generators in a given power system. 14 APPENDIX C POWER DEVELOPMENT MAP OF NEPAL 15 16 APPENDIX D POWER DEVELOPMENT IN THE WESTERN REGION OF NEPAL 17 18 APPENDIX E REAL TIME LOAD DISPATCHING DURING PEAK LOAD : WESTERN REGION 19 20 APPENDIX F REAL TIME LOAD DISPATCHING DURING PEAK LOAD: EASTERN REGION 21 22 APPENDIX G REAL TIME LOAD DISPATCHING DURING PEAK LOAD: INPS TOTAL 23 24 APPENDIX H LOAD FORECAST 2006-2010 25 Substation Bus No. Area Mahendranagar Ataria Lumki Kohalpur Lamahi Aandhi Khola Jhimruk Shivapur Butwal Bardghat Bharatpur Dhalkebar Lahan Duhabi Anarmani Damauli Pokhara New Pokhara(Lekhnath) Modi Bhaktapur Harisiddhi% New Parwanipur@ Attarkhel (Melamchi) Hetauda Hetauda Cement*** Amlekhgunj Simra Ashok*** Jagadamba Jyoti Spinning*** Himal Iron Triveni Spinning 101 102 103 104 105 106 106 107 108 110 112 114 115 116 117 119 120 126 130 132 134 141 601 603 604 605 606 606 607 607 607 West West West West West West West West West West East East East East East West West West Bagmati Bagmati East Bagmati East East East East East East East East East 04-05 Load MW 2.8 5.1 0.7 10.2 6.1 4.6 1.05 3.69 33.7 5.7 30.6 30.8 8.1 42.4 17.5 16.2 13.6 5.4 3.1 15.7 0 0 0 5.6 6.9 0.32 22.27 2.3 6.9 1.42 3.97 5.6 05-06 Load MW 2.99 5.44 0.75 10.88 6.51 4.91 1.12 3.94 35.96 6.08 32.65 32.87 8.64 45.24 18.67 17.29 14.51 5.76 3.31 16.75 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.98 7.36 0.34 23.76 2.45 7.36 1.52 4.24 5.98 Substation Forecast 06-07 07-08 Load Load MW $MW 3.16 3.45 5.76 6.29 0.79 0.86 11.51 12.57 12.88 18.01 5.19 5.67 1.18 1.29 4.16 5.35 38.03 41.54 6.43 7.03 34.53 37.72 34.76 26.36 9.14 9.98 47.85 52.26 19.75 21.57 18.28 19.97 15.35 16.76 6.09 6.66 3.50 3.82 17.72 19.35 12.62 13.78 19.01 20.76 0.00 0.00 6.32 6.90 7.79 8.50 0.36 0.39 25.13 27.45 2.60 2.83 7.79 8.50 1.60 1.75 4.48 4.89 6.32 6.90 08-09 Load MW 4.79 6.73 0.92 14.65 24.11 6.07 1.39 8.05 44.45 7.52 40.36 28.21 10.68 56.53 23.08 21.37 17.94 7.12 4.09 20.71 14.75 22.22 0.00 7.39 9.10 0.42 29.38 3.03 9.10 1.87 5.24 7.39 09-10 Load MW 6.18 7.25 1.00 16.90 25.82 6.54 1.49 10.81 47.94 8.11 43.53 30.42 11.52 61.52 24.89 23.05 19.35 7.68 4.41 22.33 15.91 23.96 0.00 7.97 9.82 0.46 31.68 3.27 9.82 2.02 5.65 7.97 26 Parwanipur Birgunj Siuchatar Balaju Lainchour New Chabel New Baneswor New Patan Sunkoshi Trisuli Devighat Banepa Panchkhal Teku K3& Kawasoti# Chandranighapur## Total Nepal Load Raxaul (at 33 kV) Balmikinagar (at 132 kV) Thakurgunj (at 11 kV) Jogbani (at 11kV) Total Committed India Load 608 609 610 611 612 613 615 616 617 618 619 621 623 630 631 East East Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati Bagmati 22.2 27.6 14.8 12.9 20.9 19.9 26.8 25.9 1.36 3.13 2.7 5.8 2.6 23 0 0 0 521.91 0 1.2 0 0 1.2 23.69 29.45 15.79 13.76 15.27 21.23 28.60 13.54 1.45 3.34 2.88 6.19 2.77 24.54 21.25 0.00 0.00 557.03 0 0 0 0 0 6.11 31.15 16.70 14.56 16.15 22.46 26.11 5.91 1.53 3.53 3.05 6.55 2.93 25.96 22.47 0.00 0.00 595.27 0 0 0 0 0 6.67 29.09 18.24 15.90 17.64 24.53 28.52 6.45 1.68 3.86 3.33 7.15 3.20 28.35 24.55 0.00 16.71 655.04 0 0 0 0 0 7.14 31.13 19.52 17.02 18.88 26.25 30.52 6.91 1.79 4.13 3.56 7.65 3.43 30.34 26.27 0.00 17.88 711.09 0 0 0 0 0 7.70 33.57 21.05 18.35 20.36 28.31 32.92 7.45 1.93 4.45 3.84 8.25 3.70 32.72 28.33 0.00 19.28 771.46 0 0 0 0 0 98001 98002 98003 98004 India India India India Total Requirment of NEA (excluding Balmikinagar) Growth Rate NEA Forecast 2004 Total Load with Transmission Loss * 521.9 557.0 1.0671 595.3 1.0684 634.20 633.96 655.0 1.1001 697.70 697.62 711.1 1.0856 757.40 757.32 771.5 1.0849 821.70 821.61 556.30 555.83 593.60 593.23 27 APPENDIX I REAL TIME NODE VOTAGES : LDC DATA 28 ------------------------------------------------------------- Node voltages and power flows Node Name Voltage kV Generation MW MVAr -------------------------------------------------------------------------------MAHEN 132 ATARIA 132 LAMKI-132 JHIMRUK 132 KOHAL 132 LAMAHI 132 SHIVPUR 132 HETAUDA 132 KG-A BUTWAL KL-2 (14 MW) BARDGHT 132 GANDAK 132 LEKHNATH 132 POKHARA 132 MODI (14MW) DAMAULI 132 DHALKE 132 BHARTPUR 132 LAHAN 132 DUHABI-132 BKOSI(36 MW) KHIMTI(60MW) KUSAHA MRS (68 MW ) ANARMANI 132 LAMSANGU-132 SIU - 132 SIU-1 BKP-132 BALAJU 132 127 128 128 130 135 132 134 134 124 138 135 126 135 136 135 135 136 132 120 128 117 117 139 139 0 132 116 139 127 60.6 33.5 59.2 0 61.1 12.6 19.2 0 19.4 7.4 .5 0 0 94 22.23 11.2 .4 29 SUNKOSI PANCHKHAL-66 CHLME(22MW) BANEPA - 66 DEVGHT(14MW) TRSHL-A BKP-66 BALAJU 66 LAIN SIU-66 NEW CHABL 66 PATAN GWARKHU BANESWOR-66 TEKU - 66 HETAUDA - 66 KL-1 AMLEKH SIMARA PARWANI BIRGUNJ 63.61 62.1 62.1 59.9 60 60 6.5 .7 20.2 6.4 0 0 0 0 61 60.6 135 59.2 60.7 60.2 58 60.6 8.9 14.5 54.8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Power flow in two-winding transformers Node From Node Til MW Loadflow MVAr --------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------- HETAUDA 132 SIU-1 SIU-1 BKP-132 BALAJU 132 - HETAUDA - 66 SIU-66 SIU-66 BKP-66 BALAJU 66 28.6 41.6 18.1 27 28.8 17.6 14.6 1.8 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 30 APPENDIX J CAPACITANCE MVAR CALCULATIONS 31 Capacitance Calculations in MVAR for the required compensation Vbase Zbase 132 kV 174.24 MVAbase 100 Year 2009 Level of Compensation in Butwal- Kaligandaki Section 0% 25% 50% 75% Xcpu 0.06310 0.01578 0.03155 0.01578 Xc 10.99 2.75 5.50 2.75 MVAR 1584.79 396.20 792.39 1188.59 Year Additional Compensation in Butwal Bardghat Section for year 2010 2009 75% Xcpu 0.0472 Xc 8.22 MVAR 1588.98 32 POWER FLOW RESULTS WITHOUT COMPENSATION 2009 powerflow2009 After few redispatches Specify the level of Series compensation in Butwal Bardghat Section0 Specify the no. of circuit in Butwal Bardghat Section2 Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel Method Maximum Power Mismatch = 0.000976274 No. of Iterations = 104 Bus Voltage Angle ------Load------ ---Generation--- Injected No. Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar Mvar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1.075 1.058 1.025 0.931 0.998 1.018 0.999 1.061 1.080 1.008 0.999 1.009 0.949 0.000 0.433 -2.421 -8.274 -5.244 -4.238 -5.193 1.011 4.668 -5.972 -7.211 -7.029 -7.516 0.000 6.420 9.640 190.000 7.500 77.140 4.000 22.480 0.000 3.200 55.000 4.710 0.000 0.000 140.979 79.454 0.000 2.520 10.000 4.000 0.000 3.780 78.000 46.595 0.000 86.220 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.940 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.230 5.000 0.000 0.000 1.570 7.000 1.790 0.000 8.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 89.000 1.494 0.000 1.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.560 30.000 14.000 0.000 1.850 10.200 4.230 0.000 0.000 27.100 23.750 0.000 0.000 Total 380.090 160.730 397.279 175.313 Line Flow and Losses --Line-- Power at bus & line flow from to MW Mvar MVA 1 --Line loss-- Transformer MW Mvar tap 140.979 79.454 161.827 2 -3.642 16.625 17.019 0.077 -2.502 6 144.599 62.826 157.657 3.459 7.157 33 2 3.580 1.480 1 3.718 -19.126 3 64.538 9.628 8 -64.583 10.991 3.874 19.484 0.077 -2.502 65.252 1.578 1.380 65.512 0.284 0.237 3 68.360 42.815 80.661 2 -62.960 -8.248 63.498 1.578 1.380 4 131.262 51.037 140.835 7.833 15.339 -190.000 -86.220 3 -123.429 -35.698 5 -39.645 -26.463 13 -26.876 -24.060 -7.500 4 41.043 6 -45.550 7 -2.991 -2.940 27.194 -29.207 -0.927 208.648 128.488 7.833 15.339 47.666 1.398 0.731 36.073 0.200 -0.323 8.056 49.234 1.398 0.731 54.110 0.382 -3.223 3.131 0.001 -0.700 4 5 6 -72.140 -30.230 78.218 5 45.932 25.985 52.773 0.382 -3.223 1 -141.139 -55.669 151.721 3.459 7.157 10 23.063 -0.536 23.069 0.199 -2.494 3.000 2.992 0.220 0.226 3.008 3.000 7 5 8 0.001 -0.700 -22.480 -8.810 24.145 2 64.868 -10.754 65.753 0.284 0.237 9 -87.470 2.003 87.493 1.593 3.464 89.000 8 89.063 1.494 89.013 1.461 89.075 9 1.593 3.464 10 -3.200 -1.250 3.435 6 -22.864 -1.958 22.948 11 19.674 0.712 19.687 0.199 -2.494 0.124 -2.186 34 11 -25.000 -7.560 26.118 10 -19.550 -2.898 19.763 0.124 -2.186 12 -5.443 -4.670 7.171 0.041 -2.290 5.490 5.484 2.380 2.379 5.984 5.978 12 11 13 0.041 -2.290 27.100 23.750 36.034 4 27.076 23.737 36.008 0.200 -0.323 17.170 14.590 Total loss 35 POWERFLOW RESULTS USING SHUNT COMPENSATION 2009 50 MVAr Shunt Compensation at Butwal Specify the level of Series compensation in Butwal Bardghat Section0 Specify the no. of circuit in Butwal Bardghat Section1 Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel Method Maximum Power Mismatch = 0.000800514 No. of Iterations = 80 Bus No. Voltage Mag. Angle Degree ------Load-----MW Mvar ---Generation--MW Mvar Injected Mvar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1.075 1.058 1.025 0.933 1.004 1.046 1.004 1.061 1.080 1.037 1.029 1.038 0.951 0.000 0.261 -2.758 -8.827 -6.187 -4.403 -6.137 0.839 4.497 -6.053 -7.226 -7.057 -8.071 0.000 6.420 9.640 190.000 7.500 77.140 4.000 22.480 0.000 3.200 55.000 4.710 0.000 0.000 2.520 3.780 86.220 2.940 30.230 1.570 8.810 0.000 1.250 21.560 1.850 0.000 140.940 10.000 78.000 0.000 0.000 5.000 7.000 0.000 89.000 0.000 30.000 10.200 27.100 31.914 4.000 45.055 0.000 0.000 0.000 1.790 0.000 1.336 0.000 14.000 4.230 23.750 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 50.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Total 380.090 160.730 397.240 126.075 50.000 Line Flow and Losses --Line-from to Power at bus & line flow MW Mvar MVA --Line loss-MW Mvar Transformer tap 1 2 6 140.940 -0.657 141.588 31.914 15.727 16.188 144.508 15.740 142.510 0.067 2.793 -2.543 4.316 2 3.580 1.480 3.874 36 1 3 8 0.724 67.539 -64.559 -18.269 8.610 11.129 18.284 68.086 65.511 0.067 1.716 0.284 -2.543 1.683 0.237 3 2 4 68.360 -65.823 134.109 41.275 -6.927 48.178 79.854 66.187 142.501 1.716 8.016 1.683 15.737 4 -190.000 3 -126.093 5 13 -36.973 -26.889 -86.220 -32.441 -29.706 -24.063 208.648 130.199 47.429 36.084 8.016 1.372 0.200 15.737 0.632 -0.330 5 4 6 7 -7.500 38.345 -42.831 -2.992 -2.940 30.338 -32.347 -0.904 8.056 48.895 53.673 3.126 1.372 0.759 0.001 0.632 0.375 -0.708 6 5 -72.140 43.590 19.770 32.721 -11.872 -1.088 74.800 54.504 139.301 23.086 0.759 2.793 0.188 0.375 4.316 -2.716 1 -138.795 10 23.060 7 5 3.000 2.993 0.220 0.196 3.008 3.000 0.001 -0.708 8 2 9 -22.480 64.843 -87.464 -8.810 -10.892 2.155 24.145 65.751 87.490 0.284 1.592 0.237 3.463 9 8 89.000 89.056 1.336 1.307 89.010 89.066 1.592 3.463 10 6 11 -3.200 -22.873 19.665 -1.250 -1.627 0.377 3.435 22.930 19.668 0.188 0.117 -2.716 -2.367 11 10 -25.000 -19.548 -7.560 -2.744 26.118 19.739 0.117 -2.367 37 12 -5.454 -4.809 7.271 0.040 -2.432 12 11 5.490 5.494 2.380 2.378 5.984 5.986 0.040 -2.432 13 4 27.100 27.089 23.750 23.733 36.034 36.015 0.200 -0.330 Total loss 17.144 15.347 38 powerflow2009 Specify the level of Series compensation in Kaligandaki Butwal Bardghat Bharatpur Section.75 Specify the no. of circuit in Butwal Bardghat Section2 Power Flow Solution by Gauss-Seidel Method Maximum Power Mismatch = 0.000867619 No. of Iterations = 287 Bus Voltage Angle ------Load------ ---Generation--- Injected No. Mag. Degree MW Mvar MW Mvar Mvar 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1.075 1.063 1.045 0.974 1.026 1.040 1.027 1.065 1.080 1.031 1.023 1.033 0.991 0.000 2.571 1.589 -2.200 -1.352 -1.027 -1.303 3.164 6.863 -2.693 -3.880 -3.708 -1.506 0.000 6.420 9.640 190.000 7.500 77.140 4.000 22.480 0.000 3.200 55.000 4.710 0.000 0.000 140.529 74.580 0.000 2.520 10.000 4.000 0.000 3.780 78.000 34.893 0.000 86.220 0.000 0.000 0.000 2.940 0.000 0.000 0.000 30.230 5.000 0.000 0.000 1.570 7.000 1.790 0.000 8.810 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 89.000 -3.607 0.000 1.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 21.560 30.000 14.000 0.000 1.850 10.200 4.230 0.000 0.000 27.100 23.750 0.000 0.000 Total 380.090 160.730 396.829 153.635 Line Flow and Losses --Line-- Power at bus & line flow from to MW Mvar MVA 1 --Line loss-- Transformer MW Mvar tap 140.529 74.580 159.092 2 -42.304 22.381 47.859 0.533 -0.656 6 182.766 52.252 190.088 4.991 -1.828 3.580 1.480 3.874 2 39 1 42.837 -23.037 48.638 0.533 -0.656 3 25.370 8.409 26.728 0.268 -1.541 8 -64.619 16.104 66.596 0.291 0.249 3 68.360 31.113 75.107 2 -25.102 -9.950 27.002 0.268 -1.541 4 93.451 40.978 102.040 3.968 6.746 -190.000 -86.220 3 -89.482 -34.232 5 -73.519 -27.722 13 -26.902 -24.310 -7.500 4 77.063 6 -81.688 7 -3.045 -2.940 26.740 -28.726 -0.954 208.648 95.807 3.968 6.746 78.572 3.544 -0.983 36.259 0.185 -0.492 8.056 81.570 3.544 -0.983 86.592 0.951 -3.954 3.191 0.001 -0.740 4 5 6 -72.140 -30.230 78.218 5 82.639 24.773 86.272 0.951 -3.954 1 -177.775 -54.079 185.819 4.991 -1.828 10 23.061 -0.979 23.081 0.190 -2.672 3.000 3.046 0.220 0.214 3.008 3.054 7 5 8 0.001 -0.740 -22.480 -8.810 24.145 2 64.910 -15.855 66.819 0.291 0.249 9 -87.403 7.050 87.687 1.590 3.447 89.000 -3.607 89.073 8 88.993 -3.603 89.066 -3.200 -1.250 3.435 6 -22.871 -1.692 22.933 11 19.672 0.450 19.677 -25.000 -7.560 26.118 9 1.590 3.447 10 0.190 -2.672 0.118 -2.330 11 40 10 -19.553 -2.780 19.750 0.118 -2.330 12 -5.454 -4.780 7.252 0.040 -2.403 12 11 13 5.490 5.494 2.380 2.377 5.984 5.986 0.040 -2.403 27.100 23.750 36.034 4 27.087 23.818 36.069 0.185 -0.492 Total loss 16.670 -7.157 41