oceanenergy

Ocean Energy Developments The Engineering Business Ocean Energy Developments at EB Tide, wave and wind energy Dr Tony Trapp Managing Director 1 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments EB – The company ! ! ! ! ! ! Established 1997 and owned by 4 directors 40 staff – mainly professional engineers Headquarters and workshops in NE England Design, procure, assemble and integrate Commission, trial and operate Serial innovators 2 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Cable installation & protection 3 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Pipeline trenching ploughs 4 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments 1200m Rock-dump ROV Courtesy Van Oord ACZ 5 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Ormen Lange gas field 20% of UK gas supply ? 6 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Launch & recovery systems 7 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Technology for ROPG ! ! ! ! ! ! Tidal stream power Wave power Power cable installation and protection Low cost offshore wind installation Localised becalming for system installation Offshore Wind Turbine Access System Stingray EB Frond Cable Guardian Merlin WaveMatt WaterBridge 8 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Power and Energy - The Units ! ! ! TW: TerraWatt - 1012 Watts - POWER TW-hr: TerraWatt-hour 1012 Watts-hrs -ENERGY TW-hr/yr: ENERGY per year Convenient to use average power Comparisons: ! ! ! 9 Large power station - 1 to 1.2GW (0.001TW) Average world electricity consumption 1.7TW (2001) Average UK electricity generation 0.044TW (2001) 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Waves – the global energy trail Solar ra diation 1 7 4 ,0 0 0 TW Wind Power Recoverable 6TW (0.3%)? 0T W 174 ind ow )? T (1% Energy in Wind To waves 10TW (0.6%)? Energy in Ocean Waves Turbulence and Seabed friction 10TW? 10 1%-2% Recoverable 0.1-0.2TW? 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Waves - much studied kW/m ! Characterisation complex because: – – – Variable amplitude, frequency, wavelength, direction Subject to refraction, reflection, diffraction Large annual variations 7 January 2004 11 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Waves - Energy Extraction NB: you cannot take the energy from midocean and the coast! Many sites with average energy > 50kW/m ! ! ! 12 Red lines represent about 20,000km 20,000km at average 50kW/m is 1TW Realistic extraction 10% to 20%? - 0.1 to 0.2TW 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Waves - The Bigger Picture ! ! Torness nuclear power station - 1200MW Wave power – – – Average @ 50kW/m @ 20% average collection? 120km wave front required to replace one Torness This ignores the intermittent nature of waves Torness 120km coast (NB bad wave site) Blyth 1% to 2% Recoverable 0.1 to 0.2TW? 13 0.2TW is about 13% of current world electricity consumption [0.2T£ (£200 billion) investment] 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Tides - energy trail Solar gravity 1.7TW ns ea ? oc o TW T .5 2 Lunar gravity 2.5TW Rock 1.7TW? Energy flow in Ocean tides 5TW? Earth slows - 2x10-5 sec/yr Moon recedes 40mm/yr Seabed friction 2.5TW 14 1% to 2% Recoverable 0.02 to 0.05TW? TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tides - much less studied Gravitational attraction of moon and sun: ! ! ! ! Very small forces: max effect 1.6×10-7 of gravity Large water movements, slow speeds Oscillatory dynamics - large scale exchange between KE and PE Tidal energy sites require special and rare local seabed and coastal features: – – Some places have high tidal ranges - barrage sites Some places have high tidal speeds - tidal stream energy sites 15 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tides - energy and power Flow of KE: Energy passing per sec work done: Force x speed Units of Power 140MW @ 160km/hr Tidal streams appear very energetic, but they are not dissipating much energy Tug not moving 16 140MW @ 2m/s 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Energetic Tidal Streams Shetland Islands ! ! ! 17 How much energy is there? How much can be extracted? What is the effect of energy extraction? 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Tidal Channel - Simplified Yell sound 4km long, 1km wide, 30m deep ! ! Analysisconclusions: Rough of flow: – – – – – – Simple open channel there? How much energy is flow approach About 120MW @ 2m/s The flow is driven by a head difference generated across the channel How much can be extracted? - About 12MW by the dynamics of the oceans. What is the effect? About 10% slowing There must be an energy balance, and mass must be conserved 7 January 2004 18 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments •Tide is very 2-dimensional compared to wind •Tidal generators take up a large proportion of the flow area Compare tide with wind Slice of atmosphere Fluid mechanics very similar The main difference is scale Channel/swept area ratio 1700 Slice of tide channel Channel/swept area ratio 8 19 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tides - Other Issues ! Many practical issues are similar to wave: – – – – Technical and commercial viability Irregular but predictable power output Difficult and dangerous environment Grid Connection - proximity to customers ! Environmental issues are similar to wave: – – – Permissions : Other users/stakeholders Physical limitations Public resistance to interference with the tides ! 20 Where does the electricity comes from when the tide is not running? TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tide - The Bigger Picture ! ! Torness nuclear power station - 1200MW Tide power – – Yell East channel @ 120 MW @ 10% collection? 100 similar sites required to replace one Torness And this ignores the intermittent nature of tide 1% to 2% Recoverable 0.02 to 0.05TW? 0.05TW is about 3% of current world electricity consumption. 0.05T£ (£50 Billion) investment? 21 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tide & wave resource conclusions ! ! ! Resource size and availability does matter It is important to understand the nature and the limitations of the resources There is no clarity in resource estimation, and a tendency to be vague and over-optimistic about what can be collected ! Wave and tide could make a significant (but probably relatively small) contribution to world energy needs ! ! ! 22 But still create a large industry and provide increased security of supply UK is uniquely placed to exploit tide and wave energy Strong UK offshore sector provides human and physical resources TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Demonstration programme Tidal Stream Generator 23 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Stingray – the vision 24 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Hydroplane Angle Vertical Velocity Component Net Flow Tidal Flow θA 25 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tests at Newcastle University 26 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Permits, licences & consultations Shetland Island Council - Development Department Shetland Island Council - Infrastructure Services Department Shetland Island Council - Marine Operations Department Shetland Fishermens Association Shetland Fish Producers Organisation Shetland Shellfish Management Organisation Shetland Salmon Farmers Association informed Shetland Shellfish Growers Association Shetland Sea Mammal Group Shetland Biological Records Centre Community Councils informed - Delting and Yell Sullom Voe Oil Terminal Environmental Advisory Group Scottish Executive - Environment and Rural Affairs Scottish Executive - Energy Division Scottish Executive Development Department Scottish Environment Protection Agency Crown Estate - lease issued Scottish Natural Heritage UK Hydrographic Office MOD BP Scottish and Southern Scottish Coastal Forum informed RSPB Sea Mammals Research Unit, St Andrews University 27 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Insurance 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Stingray results 2003 Energy collected over one typical tide 28 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Tidal Energy Business ! ! ! ! TEB is a new company jointly owned by EB and NaREC TEB is established to develop Stingray technology Existing Phase 3 programme nearly completed Developing plans for Phase 4 www.Tidal-EB.co.uk 29 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments EB Frond concept Surging device Retracts in bad weather Seabed reacting Point absorber – tuning important 30 Resonant oscillation TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Installation of generators ! ! ! ! ! Installation is a major factor for every technology Important for long term success and economic viability Timing is important – summer better than winter Will effect operation and maintenance Must consider decommissioning as well Installation of demonstration machines ! ! ! Will need frequent intervention for maintenance and upgrade Need to deploy and recover easily and quickly Stingray allows for easy recovery and deployment TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 31 Ocean Energy Developments Deployment of Demonstrators 5 knot current 32 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments EB Frond demonstrator installation Major Issues: ! Safe and easy deployment and recovery ! Easy repair, development and maintenance 33 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Connecting the power station ! Cable installation must aim to be: – – – – – Efficient Reliable Low risk Minimum weather down time Low cost ! ! Must consider repair and replacement strategy Two tasks: – Connecting generators together ! Do cables need to be buried – wave sites?, tidal sites? – 34 Connecting the power station to land 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy 27 August 2003 Landing the 1st (round 1) cable at North Hoyle Developments EB Sea Stallion 4 cable plough 180t peak pull Up to 3m trench 100m water depth Robust skids No exposed hydraulics Effective installation = low maintenance 35 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments North Hoyle cable installation Plough Weather can seriously delay operations 36 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments WavemattTM localised becalming 37 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Initial Wavematt Trials 38 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Wavematt performance – first trial 80 60 40 Before WaveMatt Wave Height (mm) 20 After WaveMatt 0 60mm to 30mm, 50% reduction in wave height 70% reduction in wave power -20 -40 -60 -80 39 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments West Gabbard - wind turbines 100 80 Available working time % 60 West Gabbard Vessel can operate in 1.0m waves 40 Without WaveMatt 60% availability 219 days a year With WaveMatt 92% availability 337 days a year 20 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 Maximum allowable wave height /m 40 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Offshore wind turbine installation Merlin Vestas Wind Systems As a non-investing partner 5MW turbine, 120m mast, 650 tonnes 41 Low cost Less weather dependent 7 January 2004 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Crown Estate Round 1 & 2 Round 1: 450 turbines, 1.5GW Round 2: 2400 turbines, 7.1GW 42 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments CE R2 - Turbines per day Assume: 3MW turbines, 150 operating days per year, build 2006-2010 (5 years) Wash Thames North West Total 1202 turbines 621 turbines 567 turbines 2390 turbines 1.6/day 0.8/day 0.8/day 3.2/day 43 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Feasibility study " 1st Phase – 35% of project costs – – – Technical investigation – Barge stability and wave induced motions – Marine Operations – Lifting system design – Forces into turbine tower and barge – Foundation design – clamping vs grouting – Turbine modifications Outline design – Equipment rough order magnitude cost evaluation – Operational cost comparison vs limited scenario Review with DTI 44 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Phase 2 feasibility study " 2nd Phase – 65% of project costs – – – Mathematical modelling – Increased scope mathematical model for barge motions – FEA for turbine tower interface to lifting system – FEA analysis of clamping system at foundation Economic modelling – “Virtual Project” cost analysis for live project Business Plan for Merlin development 45 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Merlin™ Turbine Installation System 2MW turbine, 70m Hub Height, 488 tonnes (Horns Rev, Vestas V80) 46 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Wind Turbine Foundation ! ! ! ! ! Basic Strength / Load Cases Stiffness and Fatigue Strength Setting time for full strength connection Jacking stability Clamping options 47 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Merlin™ system - Opportunities ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! Lower capital cost Lower day rate – ROM £20,000 / day Lower weather downtime risk Possibility to undertake periodic major maintenance without crane barge Decommissioning is the same as installation Reduced seabed disruption in the area of the foundation pile System can work in almost any water depth and currents Allows assembly using land based teams and “Normal” low height mobile cranes Installation operations could be conducted at higher wind speeds Barges and support vessels are readily available 48 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Other benefits of Merlin™ system ! Turbine Design Benefits ! Removal of tower bolted connections – Site welds? – Cheaper / less fatigue? ! Installation Benefits ! ! Quicker foundation full strength connection? Less weather dependent cable pull in ! Commissioning Benefits ! Possibility to undertake some testing on land prior to offshore installation? 49 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments WaterBridge concept 50 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments 19 December - WaterBridge-Lite 51 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments 2 Jan 2004 - WindBridge-Lite Personnel transfer 52 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004 Ocean Energy Developments Politics in ocean energy ! Aspirational industry – – – – – Enthusiastic amateurs Passionate professionals Cautious realists Professional doubters Cynics 7 January 2004 EB 53 TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved Ocean Energy Developments Politics in Renewables ! ! Government has been enthusiastic and supportive Renewables are a fashionable ‘honey-pot’ at the moment – – – – Consultants industry is booming Every RDA wants a renewables sector Rapid growth in test and research centres Far too many conferences ! The greatest need is for medium/long term stability – – Long term funding (Stingray had 5 break points in 30 months) Build up long term teams with real excellence ! ! 54 DTI has provided strong support EB has provided a good return to government TP04 01 Offshore Engineering Society ADT – Copyright The Engineering Business Ltd All rights reserved 7 January 2004