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Name__________________________________
2008 Sixth Grade Science
Final Exam Study Guide
This is a guide for you to use when studying for the science final. Most of these
concepts will be covered on the test. In class we will review this packet to help you in
your preparation.
Here are a few hints:
1. Gather all notes, study guides, tests, etc., which you have acquired since September.
2. Use this packet to highlight all key concepts.
3. Use this guide as a checklist, checking off topics as you review and know them.
Genetics and Heredity
What is a trait?
What is heredity?
What is Genetics?
Who is known as the "Father of Genetics”?
List the main parts of a cell and their major functions/jobs.
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4. _______________________________________________________________
5. _______________________________________________________________
6. _______________________________________________________________
7. _______________________________________________________________
8. _______________________________________________________________
9. _______________________________________________________________
10. _______________________________________________________________
11. _______________________________________________________________
1
A segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait is a _______________.
What does DNA stand for?
Name (and pair) the four nitrogen bases that make up the rungs of the double helix.
_________________________ ____________________________
_________________________ ____________________________
What chemicals make up the sides of the double helix?
What are alleles? Give an example.
What are chromosomes and how many human chromosomes are there in a healthy person?
The stronger of two genes for a trait is called the_________________________ ___________.
The weaker of two genes for a trait is called the _________________________ ____________.
A ______________ organism has genes that are alike for a particular trait. (TT or tt). A
_________________ organism has genes that are different for a trait (Tt).
Probability can be used to predict ____________________________________________.
What are Punnett Squares?
If two parents are heterozygous with brown eyes (carriers for blue eyes), what are the possible genotypes
and phenotypes of the offspring? What are the probabilities of each possible allele combination?
What are James Watson and Francis Crick noted for?
What is a mutation?
What is a sex-linked gene? Give two examples.
2
Name four genetic disorders. Include their causes, symptoms/ consequences, and treatments.
Disorder
Cause
Symptoms/Consequences
Treatments
Why are men more likely than women to be colorblind?
What is selective breeding? List two types.
What is genetic engineering?
What is cloning?
What is inbreeding?
What is hybridization?
What is the difference between a phenotype and a genotype?
What is a Pedigree?
How can DNA fingerprints be used to help forensic investigators at a crime scene? What else can be
used as evidence?
3
Hybrid is another word for__________________________________________.
Purebred is another word for _________________________________________.
What are mitosis and meiosis? What are their main purposes and final outcomes?
What is DNA replication and how, when, and why does it happen?
Explain how the following tools can be used to make predictions in Genetics:
Pedigree
Punnett Square
Karyotype
Amniocentesis
Scientific Method and Measurement (Nature of Science) (Including Density)
What is serendipity?
The ______________ ________________is the systematic way of problem solving used by scientists.
The basic steps in the scientific method are:
1. _________________________________
2. _________________________________
3. _________________________________
4. _________________________________
5. _________________________________
6. _________________________________
What is a manipulated variable in an experiment? What is a responding variable in an experiment?
What does it mean to make an inference and why is it important in the field of science?
4
Scientists run an experimental setup and a _________________setup, or a setup without the variable, to
compare and make sure that the results of the experiment were caused by the variable and not some
hidden factor.
What would graph representing constant speed look like? Sketch it.
What needs to be included on a graph?
The standard system of measurement used by all scientists is the _____________ ______________.
Celsius - temperature scale in which there are 100 degrees between freezing and boiling points of water.
milliliter - one-thousandth of a liter gram - basic unit of mass
centimeter - one-hundredth of a meter liter - basic unit of volume
meter - basic unit of length
kilometer - one thousand meters
The boiling point of water on the Celsius scale: _________________.
The freezing point of water on the Celsius scale: ________________.
Normal room temperature on the Celsius scale: _________________.
Normal body temperature on the Celsius scale: _________________.
The best metric unit for measuring the length of a room: ____________________.
The best metric unit for measuring the length of a pencil: ______________________.
The best metric unit for measuring the distance to White Plains: __________________.
The best metric unit for measuring the mass of a paper cup: ____________________.
The best metric unit for measuring your mass: ____________________________.
Complete the chart of metric prefixes.
kilo _____ deka m,L,g _____ _____ milli
5
REMEMBER to also review how to CONVERT metric units!!!
10 mm = ________________ m 7.8 mL = ________________ L
56 cm = _________________km 1000 L = ________________ mL
238 km = ________________ m 54.3 g = ________________ kg
Explain water displacement.
Define Density.
Based on its density, when will an object float? When will an object sink?
Forces, and Motion
All movement is compared with a background that is assumed to be stationary (still). This background
is called a _______________________________________.
What is motion?
What is speed?
What is the formula for speed?
A runner runs 200 meters in 20 seconds. What was the speed of the runner?
What is velocity?
Find the velocity of a bird that flew 8000 km in 50 hours south.
Define acceleration. Using the formula for acceleration, set up the following problem to be solved:
A car at rest at a stop light accelerates to 45 mph in 15 seconds. What is the acceleration?
6
Why does circular motion involve acceleration? Explain how a Ferris wheel accelerates.
What is the formula for momentum?
Compare the momentum of a large object to a small object.
What is force?
____________ forces cause a change in motion. ____________ forces are opposite in direction and
equal in size, and cause no change in motion.
What is friction?
Name three types of friction.
What is inertia?
Name and describe Newton's three laws of motion. Give an example of each.
1st Law =
2nd Law =
3rd Law =
What is mass?
A machine changes the _________________ or __________________ of a force.
Define mechanical advantage.
7
What is the mechanical advantage of each of the six simple machines?
Simple Machine Mechanical Advantage
What is a compound machine?
Who is Rube Goldberg?
What are the 3 parts of a lever?
1.
2.
3.
Sketch diagrams of the 3 classes of levers? List examples of each.
1st Class =
2nd Class =
3rd Class =
Define Potential and Kinetic Energy. Give an example of each.
Electricity and Electromagnetism
8
What is an atom?
Where are protons and neutrons found, and what charges do they have?
Where are electrons found and what charges do they have?
What is electricity?
What is the difference between static and current electricity?
List 3 natural and 3 human-made sources of electricity.
1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
What is the difference between an open and closed circuit?
List three differences between series and parallel circuits.
Draw schematic diagrams of a battery and two lamps in series and a battery and two lamps in parallel.
What is a switch?
What is a short circuit?
What is the difference between conductors and insulators?
9
What is a resistor?
What is a potentiometer? Give an example.
How are resistors decoded?
How does resistance affect brightness?
What is the difference between a gold and silver-banded resistor?
How do you find the percent error and what does it mean?
Explain the function and give an example of each of the following components:
Diode
LED
Capacitor
Motor
10
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