BALANCE OF PAYMENTS STATISTICS DATABASE ON CD-ROM --

Documentation for use of Balance of Payments Statistics Database on CD-ROM Table of Contents: A. B. C. D. E. Introduction Balance of Payments Data Coverage Balance of Payments Codes for Standard Components and Additional Items Metadata in Time Series Two Formats of the BOPS Database--Scientific Notation and MS Access: Differences between their Time Series Record Structures A. Introduction The Balance of Payments Statistics (BOPS) Database and Browser on CD-ROM, published by the International Monetary Fund (the Fund), contains balance of payments data that member countries have reported to the Fund. The Fund is indebted to these countries for their cooperation in providing these data. For some of these countries, some data have been supplemented by details Fund economists have derived from other sources. The BOPS CD-ROM contains the economic time series appearing in the Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY) but generally with more extensive time coverage. The product is designed to meet the needs of two sets of users--those who prefer to access the database through an interactive interface and those who prefer to access or process the full contents of the database directly. For those who prefer to access the database interactively, the browser software provides a familiar and easy-to-use Windows interface for browsing the database, selecting series of interest, displaying the selected series in a spreadsheet format and saving the selected series for transfer to other software systems, such as Microsoft Excel[R]. It includes three complementary views for browsing the database: (1) a table view corresponding to the tables contained within the BOPSY publication; (2) an economic concept view that provides access to similar concepts across countries, to the extent that they exist; and (3) a view/search facility based on the structure of the time series codes. For assistance in using the browser software, an extensive on-line help facility is incorporated with the software, and a frequently-asked-questions file is provided in the Print_Me directory. For users who access or process the full contents of the database directly, the BOPS database text or "flat" file is provided on the CD-ROM in scientific notation (BOP.new) and MS Access (BOP.mdb) formats. In BOP.new, the data items are stored internally in a compressed form, which maintains six significant digits of accuracy for every observation and therefore allows for a greater degree of precision than in the printed issues. For assistance in using the flat file, sections B, C, D, and E ahead provide guidance: Section B is a note on the coverage of BOPS data. Section C covers the goals and objectives of the BOPS time series coding scheme, defines the coding system, and provides examples. The coding scheme is also discussed in the on-line -2help facility of the browser product. Sections D and E of this document provide technical information aimed primarily at users of the database files (i.e., the scientific notation file or MS Access database file.) Section D identifies the metadata structures of BOPS time series and provides definitions for coded metadata fields. Section E covers the time series record structure. Several documents are provided under the Print-Me directory to assist users of both the database and browser products. A discussion of BOPS methodology is provided in BOPINT.rtf file. The discussion of methodology in this file make specific reference to the tables and access features of the browser product, although the general discussion will be of interest to all users of BOPS data. Descriptions of individual country methodologies, compilation practices, and data sources are provided in the BOPCTYNOTES.rtf file; these notes are also available from the published data tables on the browser. And finally, a list of country codes and names is available in a separate file entitled BOPCTY.rtf, also under the Print_Me directory; it is primarily intended for users of the database files. B. Balance of Payments Data Coverage The BOPS data on CD-ROM are presented in accordance with the standard components of the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5). Similarly, international investment position (IIP) data also are presented in the BPM5 format. The IIP of a country is a balance sheet of its stock of external financial assets and liabilities. For certain countries, the IIP data do not contain sufficient detail to warrant publication. The BOPS database on CD-ROM provides users with over 130,000 time series of quarterly and annual balance of payments data for more than 175 countries. These data are also published in the Balance of Payments Statistics Yearbook (BOPSY), but the number of time series and periods for which data observations are given is larger in the BOPS database on CD-ROM. When the data are available, the annual entries generally begin in 1967 and quarterly entries begin in 1970. The period for which data are available varies from country to country, but most data for countries extend from the mid-1970s to the present. For each country included in the BOPS database, the CD-ROM provides the time series in national currency, as submitted by compilers, and in U.S. dollars. Conversion is performed on the basis of the average U.S. dollar/national currency exchange rate for the time period of data submission. Balance of payments data that are published in International Financial Statistics (IFS) and included in the IFS database and browser on CD-ROM are summarized from the yearbook series of the BOPS database on CD-ROM. C. C.1 Balance of Payments Codes for Standard Components and Additional Items Goals and Objectives of the BOPS Coding System The principal goals and objectives of this coding system are completeness of coverage, brevity, simplicity, adaptability to automation, stability over time, and, where appropriate, extensibility. In addition, the codes must be suitable (useful) for the broadest possible range of countries, because member countries -3of the International Monetary Fund, the OECD, and the European Union will be asked to use these codes to meet part of their data reporting responsibilities. As will be seen, each of these factors had some impact on the structure of the codes. The scope of the codes being presented is quite narrow. It includes the standard components for balance of payments (BOPS) and international investment position (IIP) data as defined in the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5) together with the OECD/Eurostat components for trade-in-services. The latter is included as a furtherance of the spirit of international cooperation, which has already generated a consistency between the BOPS/IIP and the trade-in-services classifications. The coding scheme makes no attempt to address dates or periodicity, currency, country or partner country, economic activity, or a number of other related topics, because these items are the concern of a much broader audience. By avoidance of any overlap with these topics, the BOPS coding system may be seen to be compatible with any international standards that are developed for these topics. In addition, the use of the coding system is not limited to any specific environment (e.g., EDIFACT), but rather, it is thought to be sufficiently neutral to allow its use with any number of manual and electronic environments. This coding system consists of three parts--a single-digit position code, a three-digit topic code, and a tag code that may be any number of digits in length (i.e., ). The position and topic codes are viewed as always being required, while the tag code is viewed as being entirely optional. The position and topic codes are completely defined in this section. It is expected that tag codes will be defined by a country, or group of countries, to suit their own needs and purposes. As such, tag codes are not intended to follow any worldwide standards. However, a group of tag codes used primarily to identify standard components that are also items of exceptional financing (EF) is included on the CD-ROM and identified in this documentation. In choosing the position and topic codes, it was decided that brevity and the limitation of the codes to numerals would contribute greatly to the ease of their use. Short numbers are easy to read and remember. Their brevity and memorability will serve to minimize the burden placed upon respondents who need to fill out data collection forms, improve the efficiency of those involved in entry of the data into automated systems, and improve the transparency of the data when it is exchanged. Leading zeros, blank (null), and punctuation characters have been avoided in order to ensure the adaptability of the codes to any computing software environments that accept simple integers (e.g., the topic codes are drawn from the set of integers from 100 to 998). The codes were also chosen to provide some guidance as to the subject covered. Thus, the single-digit position code defines the type of item being described in the balance of payments or the international investment position (e.g., flows, stocks, or adjustment). The first digit of the topic code determines the broad section of the BOPS accounts being addressed. While asset and liability classifications and institutional classifications were treated consistently throughout the codes, no attempt was made to incorporate additional intelligence in the codes to support sorting. This was thought to be unnecessary because BOPS data are being entered into computing environments in virtually every country in the world, and the sorting needs of BOPS compilers are easily defined. Once in a computing environment, the data may be sorted by provision of programming instructions, which, once defined, may be continuously reused. The small increase in the burden that may be placed on the computers by this coding structure will -4be trivial in terms of operational costs and, presumably, will be overshadowed by the savings in human costs that arise out of its simplicity. The codes that resulted from the above-described criteria are very compact. In the services and other investment sections, there is almost no room for additional codes. However, these sections are also the most thoroughly covered and, therefore, the least in need of additional space. All other sections of the topic codes have ample room for expansion. Nevertheless, it is not expected that this space will be casually used. It is the stability afforded by this very process that will make the topical classification and the associated codes useful. C.2 Definition of the BOPS Coding System This coding system incorporates all the standard components and supplementary information lines of the BPM5 together with the components and memorandum items of the OECD EUROSTAT classification for international trade-in-services. The code consists of three components or sections as follows: One-decimal digit (selected from the range of 1 to 8) that describes the position of the subject in the BOPS/IIP accounts; Three-decimal digits (selected from the range of integers from 100 to 998) that identify all the BOPS, trade-in-services, and selected supplementary information components; and a user-defined component that may be of any length. The complete code would take the form . However, the tag component is seen to be entirely optional. In contrast, the position and the topic components of the code are always required. Thus, a common implementation of the code will take the form . The first section of the code describes the position in the BOPS and IIP accounts and is defined as follows: Value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Position in BOPS/IIP accounts stock at the beginning of the period credit flows debit flows net flows price valuation adjustment exchange rate valuation adjustment other adjustments stock at the end of the period The first digit of the topic component identifies the section of the balance of payments as follows: Value 1 2 Section of the accounts goods services -53 4 5 6 7 8 9 income and current transfers capital account direct investment portfolio investment other investment reserves aggregates, financial derivatives, and supplementary information The second and third digits of the component are generally sequential counts of the components with some gaps to allow for the possibility of additional codes being included at a later time. In addition, with the exception of the direct investment accounts, the second digit of the topic component takes the values 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4 for assets and 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9 for liabilities in the financial accounts. C.3 Examples of Use of the BOPS Coding System As described in the earlier sections of this document, the coding system consists of three components the position, topic, and tag. The codes for the position and topic components have been defined within this document. However, the tag component is to be user-defined. For the purposes of providing an example of the usage of tag codes, we assume the following definition of tag codes for exports. These codes are based upon the components published in the quarterly publication "Balance of Payments Australia" and thus may be presumed to be user-defined. Topic Meat & meat preparations Cereal grains & cereal preparations Sugar, sugar preparations, and honey Wool and sheepskins Other rural Total rural Metal ores & minerals Mineral fuels Metals Machinery Transport equipment Other manufactures Other non-rural Total non-rural Tag Code 11 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 It is intended that there be a number of options that may be chosen by the user for the presentation of the position, topic, and tag codes. For example, the exports of wool and sheepskins may be coded as 2 110 14 (i.e., 2 110 for general merchandise credits and 14 for wool and sheepskins). However, this may also be presented as 211014, 2 11014, or 2110 14 in various documents to suit the convenience of the user. In electronic environments, it is generally recommended that the position, topic, and tag components be stored in separate fields within the data record. A complete coding of the above table is given below. Topic Meat & meat preparations Single Field 211011 Multiple Field 2 110 11 -6Cereal grains & cereal preparations Sugar, sugar preparations, and honey Wool and sheepskins Other rural Total rural Metal ores & minerals Mineral fuels Metals Machinery Transport equipment Other manufactures Other non-rural Total non-rural Total exports 211012 211013 211014 211015 211016 211021 211022 211025 211026 211027 211028 211029 211030 2110 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 12 13 14 15 16 21 22 25 26 27 28 29 30 For a second example, let us consider the coding of a small portion of the other investment section of the financial accounts. This example will not include a tag component. Topic Topic Other investment Liabilities Loans General govt. Long-term Short-term Banks Long-term Short-term Other sectors Long-term Short-term Single Field Credit Debit Net 2 700 3 700 4 700 2 750 3 750 4 750 2 762 3 762 4 762 2 767 3 767 4 767 2 768 3 768 4 768 2 769 3 769 4 769 2 770 3 770 4 770 2 771 3 771 4 771 2 772 3 772 4 772 2 773 3 773 4 773 2 774 3 774 4 774 2 775 3 775 4 775 Multiple Field Credit Debit 2 700 3 700 2 750 3 750 2 762 3 762 2 767 3 767 2 768 3 768 2 769 3 769 2 770 3 770 2 771 3 771 2 772 3 772 2 773 3 773 2 774 3 774 2 775 3 775 Net 4 700 4 750 4 762 4 767 4 768 4 769 4 770 4 771 4 772 4 773 4 774 4 775 When considering credits and debits for loans, the language that is commonly used is drawings and repayments. The BPM5 recommends reporting of all drawings and repayments for long-term loans as a supplementary classification. Most other financial account items are presently collected by the Fund on a net basis. Nevertheless, the coding system provides for the identification of all flows on a credit, debit, and net basis. The table below provides an example of the remaining portion of the position component for the other investment items. This coding covers the stocks and adjustments of the international investment position. Topic Other investment Liabilities Loans General government Long-term Short-term Banks Long-term Begin Period Stock 1 700 1 750 1 762 1 767 1 768 1 769 1 770 1 771 Price Val. Adj. 5 700 5 750 5 762 5 767 5 768 5 769 5 770 5 771 Xrate Val. Adj. 6 700 6 750 6 762 6 767 6 768 6 769 6 770 6 771 Other Adj. 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 700 750 762 767 768 769 770 771 End Period Stock 8 700 8 750 8 760 8 767 8 768 8 769 8 770 8 771 -7Short-term Other sectors Long-term Short-term C.4 1 1 1 1 772 773 774 775 5 5 5 5 772 773 774 775 6 6 6 6 772 773 774 775 7 7 7 7 772 773 774 775 8 8 8 8 772 773 774 775 Coding of the Last Three Digits of the Topic Code 993 992 991 100 110 150 151 152 160 170 180 181 182 200 205 850 851 852 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 Component 1. Current account Goods, services, and income Goods and services A. Goods 1. General merchandise 2. Goods for processing 2.1 Processing abroad 2.2 Processing in the compiling economy 3. Repairs on goods 4. Goods procured in ports by carriers 5. Nonmonetary gold 5.1 Held as a store of value 5.2 Other B. Services 1. Transportation of which: Passenger Freight Other 1.1 Sea transport 1.1.1 Passenger 1.1.2 Freight 1.1.3 Other 1.2 Air transport 1.2.1 Passenger 1.2.2 Freight 1.2.3 Other 1.3 Other transport 1.3.1 Passenger 1.3.2 Freight 1.3.3 Other Extended classification of other transport (1.3) 1.4 Space transport 1.5 Rail transport 1.5.1 Passenger 1.5.2 Freight 1.5.3 Supporting, auxiliary, and other services 1.6 Road transport 1.6.1 Passenger 1.6.2 Freight 1.6.3 Supporting, auxiliary, and other services 1.7 Inland waterway transport 1.7.1 Passenger 1.7.2 Freight 1.7.3 Supporting, auxiliary, and other services 1.8 Pipeline transport 1.9 Other supporting and auxiliary transport -8services 2. Travel 2.1 Business 2.1.1 Expenditure by seasonal and border workers 2.1.2 Other 2.2 Personal 2.2.1 Health-related expenditure 2.2.2 Education-related expenditure 2.2.3 Other 3. Communications services 3.1 Postal and courier services 3.2 Telecommunication services 4. Construction services 4.1 Construction abroad 4.2 Construction in the compiling economy 5. Insurance services 5.1 Life insurance and pension funding 5.2 Freight insurance 5.3 Other direct insurance 5.4 Reinsurance 5.5 Auxiliary services 6. Financial services 7. Computer and information services 7.1 Computer services 7.2 Information services 8. Royalties and license fees 9. Other business services 9.1 Merchanting and other trade-related services 9.1.1 Merchanting 9.1.2 Other 9.2 Operational leasing services 9.3 Miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services 9.3.1 Legal, accounting, management consulting, and public relations 9.3.1.1 Legal services 9.3.1.2 Accounting, auditing, bookkeeping, and tax consulting services 9.3.1.3 Business and management consultancy and public relations services 9.3.2 Advertising, market research, and public opinion polling 9.3.3 Research and development 9.3.4 Architectural, engineering, and other technical 9.3.5Agricultural, mining, and on site processing 9.3.5.1 Waste treatment and depollution 9.3.5.2 Other 9.3.6 Other 9.3.7 Services between affiliated enterprises, not included elsewhere (n.i.e.) 10. Personal, cultural, and recreational services 232 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 245 246 247 249 250 251 253 254 255 256 257 258 260 262 263 264 266 268 269 270 271 272 273 274 275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284 285 287 -910.1 Audiovisual and related services 10.2 Other personal, cultural, and recreational services 11. Government services, n.i.e. 11.1 Embassies and consulates 11.2 Military units and agencies 11.3 Other C. Income 1. Compensation of employees 2. Investment income 2.1 Direct investment 2.1.1 Income on equity 2.1.1.1 Dividends and distributed branch profits 2.1.1.2 Reinvested earnings and undistributed branch profits 2.1.2 Income on debt (interest) 2.2 Portfolio investment 2.2.1 Income on equity (dividends) 2.2.1.1 Monetary authorities 2.2.1.2 General government 2.2.1.3 Banks 2.2.1.4 Other sectors 2.2.2 Income on debt (interest) 2.2.2.1 Bonds and notes 2.2.2.1.1 Monetary authorities 2.2.2.1.2 General government 2.2.2.1.3 Banks 2.2.2.1.4 Other sectors 2.2.2.2 Money-market instruments and financial derivatives 2.2.2.2.1 Monetary authorities 2.2.2.2.2 General government 2.2.2.2.3 Banks 2.2.2.2.4 Other sectors 2.3 Other investment 2.3.1 Monetary authorities 2.3.2 General government 2.3.3 Banks 2.3.4 Other sectors D. Current transfers 1. General government 2. Other sectors 2.1 Workers' remittances 2.2 Other transfers Capital and financial account A. Capital account 1. Capital transfers 1.1 General government 1.1.1 Debt forgiveness 1.1.2 Other 1.2 Other sectors 1.2.1 Migrants' transfers 1.2.2 Debt forgiveness 1.2.3 Other 2. Acquisitions/disposal of nonproduced nonfinancial assets 288 289 291 292 293 294 300 310 320 330 331 332 333 334 339 340 341 342 343 344 349 350 351 352 353 354 360 361 362 363 364 370 371 372 373 374 379 380 390 391 392 996 994 400 401 402 410 430 431 432 440 480 - 10 B. Financial account 1. Direct investment 1.1 Abroad *Claims on affiliated enterprises *Liabilities to affiliated enterprises Equity capital and reinvested earnings (see footnote 1) Claims on affiliated enterprises (see footnote 1) Liabilities to affiliated enterprises (see footnote 1) 1.1.1 Equity capital 1.1.1.1 Claims on affiliated enterprises 1.1.1.2 Liabilities to affiliated enterprises 1.1.2 Reinvested earnings 1.1.2.1 Claims 1.1.2.2 Liabilities 1.1.3 Other capital 1.1.3.1 Claims on affiliated enterprises 1.1.3.2 Liabilities to affiliated enterprises 1.1.4 Financial derivatives 1.1.4.1 Claims on affiliated enterprises 1.1.4.2 Liabilities to affiliated enterprises 1.2 In reporting economy *Claims on direct investors *Liabilities to direct investors Equity capital and reinvested earnings (see footnote 1) Claims on direct investors (see footnote 1) Liabilities to direct investors (see footnote 1) 1.2.1 Equity capital 1.2.1.1 Claims on direct investors 1.2.1.2 Liabilities to direct investors 1.2.2 Reinvested earnings 1.2.2.1 Claims 1.2.2.2 Liabilities 1.2.3 Other capital 1.2.3.1 Claims on direct investors 1.2.3.2 Liabilities to direct investors 1.2.4 Financial derivatives 1.2.4.1 Claims on affiliated enterprises 1.2.4.2 Liabilities to affiliated enterprises 2. Portfolio investment 2.1 Assets 2.1.1 Equity securities 2.1.1.1 Monetary authorities 2.1.1.2 General government 2.1.1.3 Banks 2.1.1.4 Other sectors 2.1.2 Debt securities 2.1.2.1 Bonds and notes 2.1.2.1.1 Monetary authorities 2.1.2.1.2 General government 2.1.2.1.3 Banks 2.1.2.1.4 Other sectors 995 500 505 503 504 506 507 508 510 515 520 525 526 527 530 535 540 545 546 547 555 553 554 556 557 558 560 565 570 575 576 577 580 585 590 595 596 597 600 602 610 611 612 613 614 619 620 621 622 623 624 - 11 2.1.2.2 Money market instruments 2.1.2.2.1 Monetary authorities 2.1.2.2.2 General government 2.1.2.2.3 Banks 2.1.2.2.4 Other sectors 2.2 Liabilities 2.2.1 Equity securities 2.2.1.1 Banks 2.2.1.2 Other sectors 2.2.2 Debt securities 2.2.2.1 Bonds and notes 2.2.2.1.1 Monetary authorities 2.2.2.1.2 General government 2.2.2.1.3 Banks 2.2.2.1.4 Other sectors 2.2.2.2 Money market instruments 2.2.2.2.1 Monetary authorities 2.2.2.2.2 General government 2.2.2.2.3 Banks 2.2.2.2.4 Other sectors 3. Financial derivatives 3.1 Assets 3.1.1 Monetary authorities 3.1.2 General government 3.1.3 Banks 3.1.4 Other sectors 3.2 Liabilities 3.2.1 Monetary authorities 3.2.2 General government 3.2.3 Banks 3.2.4 Other sectors 4. Other investment 4.1 Assets 4.1.1 Trade credits 4.1.1.1 General government 4.1.1.1.1 Long-term 4.1.1.1.2 Short-term 4.1.1.2 Other sectors 4.1.1.2.1 Long-term 4.1.1.2.2 Short-term 4.1.2 Loans 4.1.2.1 Monetary authorities 4.1.2.1.1 Long-term 4.1.2.1.2 Short-term 4.1.2.2 General government 4.1.2.2.1 Long-term 4.1.2.2.2 Short-term 4.1.2.3 Banks 4.1.2.3.1 Long-term 4.1.2.3.2 Short-term 4.1.2.4 Other sectors 4.1.2.4.1 Long-term 4.1.2.4.2 Short-term 4.1.3 Currency and deposits 4.1.3.1 Monetary authorities 4.1.3.2 General government 4.1.3.3 Banks 630 631 632 633 634 652 660 663 664 669 670 671 672 673 674 680 681 682 683 684 910 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 700 703 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 714 715 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 730 731 732 733 - 12 4.1.3.4 Other sectors 4.1.4 Other assets 4.1.4.1 Monetary authorities 4.1.4.1.1 Long-term 4.1.4.1.2 Short-term 4.1.4.2 General government 4.1.4.2.1 Long-term 4.1.4.2.2 Short-term 4.1.4.3 Banks 4.1.4.3.1 Long-term 4.1.4.3.2 Short-term 4.1.4.4 Other sectors 4.1.4.4.1 Long-term 4.1.4.4.2 Short-term 4.2 Liabilities 4.2.1 Trade credits 4.2.1.1 General government 4.2.1.1.1 Long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.1.1.2 Short-term 4.2.1.2 Other sectors 4.2.1.2.1 Long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.1.2.2 Short-term 4.2.2 Loans 4.2.2.1 Monetary authorities 4.2.2.1.1 Use of Fund credit and loans from the Fund (see footnote 2) 4.2.2.1.2 Other long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.2.1.3 Short-term 4.2.2.2 General government 4.2.2.2.1 Long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.2.2.2 Short-term 4.2.2.3 Banks 4.2.2.3.1 Long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.2.3.2 Short-term 4.2.2.4 Other sectors 4.2.2.4.1 Long-term (see footnote 2) 4.2.2.4.2 Short-term 4.2.3 Currency and deposits 4.2.3.1 Monetary authorities General government 4.2.3.2 Banks Other sectors 4.2.4 Other liabilities 4.2.4.1 Monetary authorities 4.2.4.1.1 Long-term 4.2.4.1.2 Short-term 4.2.4.2 General government 4.2.4.2.1 Long-term 4.2.4.2.2 Short-term 4.2.4.3 Banks 4.2.4.3.1 Long-term 4.2.4.3.2 Short-term 4.2.4.4 Other sectors 4.2.4.4.1 Long-term 4.2.4.4.2 Short-term 5. Reserve Assets 5.1 Monetary gold 734 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 753 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 780 781 782 783 784 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 802 812 - 13 5.2 Special drawing rights 5.3 Reserve position in the Fund 5.4 Foreign Exchange 5.4.1 Currency and deposits 5.4.1.1 With monetary authorities 5.4.1.2 With banks 5.4.2 Securities 5.4.2.1 Equities 5.4.2.2 Bonds and notes 5.4.2.3 Money market instruments 5.4.2.4 Financial derivatives net 5.5 Other claims Errors and omissions Selected Supplementary Information 1. Exceptional financing transactions 1.1 Transfers 1.1.1 Debt forgiveness 1.1.2 Other intergovernmental grants 1.1.3 Grants received from Fund subsidy accounts 1.2 Direct investment 1.2.1 Investment associated with debt reduction 1.2.2 Other 1.3 Portfolio investment: borrowing by authorities or other sectors on authorities' behalf liabilities 1.4 Other investment liabilities 1.4.1 Drawings on new loans by authorities or other sectors on authorities' behalf 1.4.2 Rescheduling of existing debt * Arrears 1.4.3 Accumulation of arrears 1.4.3.1 Principal on short-term debt 1.4.3.2 Principal on long-term debt 1.4.3.3 Original interest 1.4.3.4 Penalty interest 1.4.4 Repayments of arrears 1.4.4.1 Principal 1.4.4.2 Interest 1.4.5 Rescheduling of arrears 1.4.5.1 Principal 1.4.5.2 Interest 1.4.6 Cancellation of arrears 1.4.6.1 Principal 1.4.6.2 Interest 1.5 Advance repayments 2. Memorandum items 2.1 Freight transportation on the basis of ex-works valuation of merchandise 2.1.1 Air freight 2.1.2 Sea freight 2.1.3 Road freight 2.1.4 Other freight 2.2 Tourists 2.3 Goods purchased in the frontier area by travelers 2.4 Hotel and restaurant services 2.5 Postal services 2.6 Courier services 811 810 803 802 808A. 808B. 806 806S. 806T. 806U 814A. 813 998 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 - 14 2.7 Gross insurance premiums 2.8 Gross insurance claims 2.9 Merchanting gross flows 2.10 Other miscellaneous business, professional, and technical services(OECD/Eurostat alternative regrouping of 1.B.9.3.5 plus 1.B.9.3.6) 2.10.1 Agricultural services 2.10.2 Mining services 2.10.3 Waste treatment and depollution 2.10.4 Other 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 Footnotes: *Entries shown with an asterisk are items that are not standard BOPS components as defined by the BPM5. 1. These items are aggregates of standard components which are necessary in order to reconcile the BOPS and the IIP standard components. 2. These items are to be reported as supplementary information on a gross basis, i.e., debits and credits, separately. C.5 Coding of Tag Field in BOPS Database Code A. B. C. CA CB CC CD BA BB BC EB EC ED Component Financial account, excluding reserves Export/import of goods, trade statistics Adjustments: For coverage For classification For valuation For timing Transportation of which: Passenger Freight Other Debt forgiveness EF Current transfers, General government EF Other intergovernmental grants EF Grants received from Fund subsidy accounts Direct investment in reporting economy, Liabilities to direct investors EF Investment associated with debt reduction EF Other Portfolio investment, Liabilities EF Other investment, Liabilities EF Drawings on new loans EF Rescheduling of existing debt EF Advance repayments EF Total arrears EF Accumulation of arrears EF Principal on short-term debt EF Principal on long-term debt EF Original interest EF EG EH EJ EK EM F. FA FB FC FD - 15 EF EF EF EF EF EF EF EF EF EF Penalty interest Repayments of arrears Principal Interest Rescheduling of arrears Principal Interest Cancellation of arrears Principal Interest FE FF FG FH FI FJ FK FM FN FO D. Metadata in Time Series Each time series on the CD-ROM is composed of a descriptor record (containing metadata--control codes, operation codes, and descriptive information--about the time series) and numerous data records (also containing a number of metadata items that describe some aspect of the series). Metadata items described in this section comprise: Descriptor record: 1) time-series code, consisting of country/area code, topic/subject code (position, topic, tags), source/currency code, and undefined code 2) descriptor-record indicator 3) data type 4) magnitude (dimension/unit) code 5) decimal code 6) English descriptor 7) country/area name 8) magnitude name 9) base year 10) data-provider code 11) scale factor 12) data-type code 13) year-end code 14) consolidation code 15) last-update date 16) subject matter 17) calculation sequence 18) splice override 19) national descriptor 20) responsibility code Data record: 1) starting-year identifier 2) data frequency 3) break/footnote indicator D.1. D.1.1. Descriptor Record Metadata Time Series Code Time series in the BOPS CD-ROM are uniquely identified by a time series code—-the first thirteen characters in the descriptor record. A description and the structure of the time series code is given below. - 16 CCC TTTTTT S PPP Three-character country/area code (always numeric) Six-character alphanumeric topic/subject code A numerical code that identifies the source/currency Three-character partner country code. This field is not used in BOPS codes. (As a matter of convention, a period [i.e., the punctuation mark "."] is always used on the CD-ROM as a position holder to indicate a blank in the time series code.) D.1.1.1. Country/Area Code in Time Series In the first three positions of the BOPS time series code, the country code identifies the country or area to which the time series data relate. “Country” in this publication does not always refer to a territorial entity that is a state as understood by international law and practice; the term also covers the Euro Area and some territorial (nonsovereign) entities, for which statistical data are provided internationally on a separate basis. The country code always consists of three numeric digits. The first digit typically provides regional grouping as follows: 0 1 2,3 4 5,8 6,7 9 World or all country aggregates Industrial countries Western Hemisphere Middle East Asia Africa Centrally managed or formerly centrally managed and other economies and other aggregates A complete list of country codes in numerical and alphabetical order is provided in a separate file titled BOP.cty in Print_Me. D.1.1.2. Topic/Subject Code In positions 4 through 9 of the time series code is the topic/subject code. It is a six-position alphanumeric code indicating the topic or subject for each time series. In the BOPSY printed publication, the topic/subject code is the six characters that can be found next to time series descriptors, under the column heading "Code" on a given country page. In the printed publication and on the CD-ROM, a "." or period is inserted as a placeholder when a position would otherwise be blank. The subjects included in the topic/subject code are: Position in time series code on CD-ROM Content 4 POSITION Meaning/Editing Specification 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Stock at beginning of period Credit flows Debit flows Net flows Price valuation adjustment - 17 6. 7. 8. 0. 5, 6, 7 TOPIC Exchange rate valuation adjustment Other adjustments Stock at end of period Other The first digit of the topic identifies the section of the BOP: 1. Goods 2. Services 3. Income and current transfers 4. Capital account 5. Direct investment 6. Portfolio investment 7. Financial derivatives 8. Other investment 9. Reserves 10. Aggregates and supplementary information May be alphabetical characters or ".". The general rule is tag1 for the subitem of the same topic and tag2 for the subitems of tag1. 8,9 TAG (tag1, tag2) D.1.1.3. Source/Currency Code In position 10 of the time series code is a numeric character that identifies the source or the currency of the time series. Valid source/currency codes are: Data reported in U.S. dollars National currency SDRs Exchange rate Euro data BOPS Yearbook (BPM5) D.1.1.4 Undefined code 1 2 3 4 6 9 In positions 11, 12, and 13 of the time series code are dots(...) to indicate that this field is not applicable to the BOPS database. Additional Metadata Items in the Descriptor Record: D.1.2. Descriptor-Record Indicator In position 14 is a one-position alphabetic code “H” distinguishing the descriptor record from the data record. D.1.3. Data Type An alphanumeric code, which represents three different fields in a one-position value. The three fields have been added to the CD-ROM descriptor record as data type (stock, average, or flow), year-end code (fiscal-year end), and consolidation code, described later in this section. - 18 The following table provides information on this code: Code A B C D E F G H I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 blank D.1.4. Type of Data Average Average Average Average Flow Flow Flow Flow Flow Average Average Average Flow Flow Flow Flow Flow Stock Stock Stock Stock Stock Stock Stock Stock Average Average Average Average Flow Flow Flow Flow Stock Any End of Fiscal Year December March June September June December March June September December December December March December December March December December March June September December December December June December March June September December March June September December Any Magnitude (Dimension/Unit) Code A one-position alphanumeric code that indicates the unit of measurement (weights, volumes, currencies, rates, etc.) and the scale (units, thousands, millions, etc.) of a series. The valid codes are as follows: A B C D E F G (specified national currency [n.c.] units) per U.S. dollar (specified n.c. units) per U.S. cents U.S. dollar per (unit of specified n.c.) U.S. cents per (unit of specified n.c.) (specified n.c. units) per SDR SDRs per (unit of specified n.c.) Metric tons - 19 H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 > $ * # & ; / ) ( _ = { } Thousand metric tons Thousand barrels Kilograms Thousand long tons Long tons Millions fine troy ounces Thousand cwt (100 pounds) Thousand cubic meters Thousand cwt (112 pounds) 100 pounds 1000 pounds Millions of SDRs Billions of SDRs U.S. dollars per metric ton U.S. dollars per (unit of unspecified n.c.) Fine kilograms Thousand fine kilograms Thousand fine ounces Fine ounces Unspecified units (generally named in descriptor) Millions of U.S. dollars Millions of (specified n.c. units) Billions of U.S. dollars Billions of (specified n.c. units) Percent per annum Index number Thousands of U.S. dollars Thousands of (specified n.c. units) Millions Trillions of (specified n.c. units) U.S. cents per pound U.S. dollars per short ton U.S. dollars per barrel U.S. dollars per bushel U.S. dollars per fine ounce Millions of metric tons U.S. dollars per pound Million barrels SDRs per fine ounce U.S. dollars per 100 yards Thousand gallons ECUs (European currency units) per (unit of specified n.c.) (specified n.c. units) per ECU D.1.5. Decimal Code The decimal code in position 18 of the descriptor record is not used to scale the data. This field normally indicates the number of decimal places for presentation purposes. D.1.6. English Descriptor A 36-position field that describes the subject of the time series. D.1.7. Country/Area Name - 20 A 24-position field that identifies the reporting country to which the data pertain. D.1.8. Magnitude Name A 16-position field that states the magnitude of the time series. D.1.9. Base Year Not applicable to BOPS. D.1.10. Data-Provider Code A one-position alphanumeric code used to identify the source from which the data originated. The following list identifies the valid data-provider codes: Data reported in US$ Data reported in national currency Data in SDRs Exchange rate Data in euros D.1.11. Scale factor 1 2 3 4 6 The scale factor is not being applied to control the data presentation. This two-position field normally indicates the scale factor that could be used for the presentation of data in decimal format. D.1.12. Data-Type Code A one-position alphanumeric code that identifies the data in the time series as stock, flow, average, or unknown. Valid values are S, F, A, or U. D.1.13. Year-End Code A three-position alphabetic year-end code identifies the end of the fiscal year of the time series. Values are MAR, JUN, SEP, DEC, or UNK (unknown). D.1.14. Consolidation Code Not applicable in BOPS. D.1.15. Last-Update Date An eight-position field indicating the date on which the time series was last updated in the form YYYYMMDD, where YYYY is the year, MM is the month, and DD is the day of this date. D.1.16. Subject Matter A two-position alphabetic code classifies the time series as to its general topic. D.1.17. Calculation Sequence A one-position alphabetic code that indicates in which hierarchical sequence a time series has been calculated. - 21 D.1.18. Splice-Override Code A one-position alphabetic code that specifies the rules for splicing a time-series version with the preceding version. Valid codes are: B, butt splice; R, ratio splice. D.1.19. National Descriptor Not applicable in BOPS. D.1.20. Responsibility Code The responsibility code is a data protection feature designed to prevent unauthorized access to or updating of a time series. The six-position alphabetic code identifies the custodian responsible for the maintenance of the time series. D.2. D.2.1 Data Record Metadata Starting-Year Identifier A four-position numeric field that specifies the starting date for data in that record. D.2.2. Data-Frequency Code A one-position alphabetic character that identifies data frequency (A for annual; Q for quarterly). D.2.3. Break/Footnote Indicator Not applicable in BOPS. E. Two Formats of the BOPS Database--Scientific Notation and MS Access: Differences between their Time Series Record Structures BOPS Database in Scientific Notation - BOP.new E.1. The file titled BOP.new on the CD-ROM contains observations stored/displayed in scientific notation. Each time series contains descriptor records and data records, as described below: E.1.1. Descriptor Record Structure The first record of a time series is called the descriptor record, is up to 162 characters in length, and is identified by the letter "H" in position 14 of the record. This record contains control codes and descriptive information—-metadata (see section D.1)--about the time series. The sequence of alphanumerics in positions 4 through 9 in a time series code is identical to the sequence in the time series code in the BOPSY. The descriptor record structure in a time series is as follows: Position Field Length Class Data Field Name - 22 1-3 4-9 10 11-13 14 15 16 17 18 19-54 55-78 79-94 95-98 99 100-101 102 103-105 106 107-114 115-116 117 118 119-154 155-160 161-162 3 6 1 3 1 1 1 1 1 36 24 16 4 1 2 1 3 1 8 2 1 1 36 6 2 Numeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphabetic Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Alphanumeric Country code or area code Topic/subject code Source/currency code Undefined Descriptor record indicator Blank Data-type code Magnitude (dimension/unit) code Decimal code English descriptor Country name Magnitude (dimension/unit) name Base year Data-provider code Scale factor Data type Year-end code Consolidation code Last-update date Subject matter Calculation sequence Splice-override code National descriptor Responsibility code Blank E.1.2. Data Record Structure Following the descriptor record of a time series are its associated data records. The annual records are sequenced first, followed by quarterly records. A time series can contain a variable number of records. The exact number of records in any time series is dependent upon the availability of the annual and quarterly data. The first four positions of the annual and quarterly data records specify the starting year for data in that record. The fifth position identifies an annual data record by an "A" and a quarterly data record by a "Q". The data consists of 12 thirteen-position fields (twelve numeric positions and a preceding position not employed in the BOPS database). Each record may contain twelve years of annual data or up to three years of quarterly. Quarterly data records always begin with Quarter 1 in the first data field. For example, a data record with 1962Q in positions 1-5 would contain 3 years of quarterly data fields from 1962 through 1964. If data for the first and second quarters of 1962 are unavailable, the first two data fields will be blank. The data fields appearing within a time series are represented in scientific notation in units. For presentation purposes, these fields can be scaled by the dimension/unit or decimal code contained in positions 17 and 18 of the descriptor record. For example, a data field of 1.23208E+09 with a dimension/unit "1" would take on a value of 1232.08 million U.S. dollars while the same data field with dimension/unit of "4" would take on a value of 1.2 billion national currency (dimension/unit 1 = millions of U.S. dollars; 4 = billions of national currency). See subsections D.1.4 and D.1.5 for the description of magnitude(dimension/unit) and decimal codes. - 23 The data record structure in a time series is as follows: Position 1-4 5 6-18 19-31 32-44 45-57 58-70 71-83 84-96 97-109 110-122 123-135 136-148 149-161 162 Field Length 4 1 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 1 Class Numeric Alphabetic Numeric “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ “ Data Field Name Year identification Data frequency--A (Annual), Q (Quarterly) Data1 Data2 Data3 Data4 Data5 Data6 Data7 Data8 Data9 Data10 Data11 Data12 Blank E.2. BOPS Database in MS Access Format - BOP.mdb The BOP.mdb file is an MS Access database that is accessible with MS Access 97. Although BOP.mdb is available for user access, users should note that the International Monetary Fund reserves the right to alter the structure of the database without notice. For this reason, users who develop their own programs to access the data are advised to use the BOP.new format (in scientific notation), rather than the BOP.mdb format. The BOP.mdb file contains two tables: TimeSeries and Observations. The TimeSeries table contains the main attributes of time series as described in section D. The Observations table contains all time series observations and has the following structure: OID: TimeSeries code OstartYY: the year Ovalue1 to Ovalue12: the monthly values (1=January, ......, 12=December) The BOPS database contains no monthly data. Ovalue13 to Ovalue16:the quarterly values (13=Q1, ......, 16=Q4) Ovalue17: the yearly values Flag1 to Flag12: the monthly footnote (1=January, ......,12=December) Flag13 to Flag16: the quarterly footnote (13=Q1, ......, 16=Q4) Oflag17: the yearly footnote Note: