Chapter 1
Introduction
Scientific Method
Biological Organization
Cell Biology
HCR 118
• Me
• Student information sheet with “Super Secret Code Name” • Syllabus
The syllabus is the “map” to this course. Explains course resources and schedule.
Syllabus
COURSE IDENTIFICATION • Course Number: • Course Title: • Day/Time: • Credits: • Instructor: • Office Hours:
• • You can find me: E-Mail: HCR 118 Cell Biology T, TR 8:00 – 9:50 am 2 Tami Port T & R 1:00 – 2:00 other times by appointment in Lab 3150 or office 7421 tport@kvcc.edu
DESCRIPTION: Health Careers Cell Biology is a two credit course designed to introduce fundamental biological concepts to students entering the allied health curricula. MATERIALS: • Chemistry and Cell Biology for Allied Health Science, Ross, Frederick C. 6th edition. Kendall/Hunt, 2004. • #2 Pencil for exams, 3 Ring Binder, Computer Access
Syllabus
ATTENDANCE: Students are expected to attend all lectures and BE ON TIME!
If you are perpetually late to this class it may result in the loss of points. If you have a problem with your schedule
that interferes with your being on time to this class, you need to see me.
In-class essay question turned in end of class. Worth 2 points and denotes your attendance.
Attend fewer than 60% = failing grade. This is not a telecourse.
Syllabus
ONLINE QUIZZES:
• Posted under Short Quizzes on Educator. • See syllabus for when you quizzes are available. If you miss the deadline you do not get to retake
the quiz!
• Two test quizzes are available to familiarize you with the on-line testing process. The quiz
will work just like real quizzes, but no grade will be recorded. Make sure that you practice with this quiz!
Syllabus
GRADES
• • Your final grade will be calculated as follows: On-line quizzes (6 x 15 pts)…........................….90 points Daily Essay Question (12 x 2 pts)………………..24 points In-class Activity Worksheets (5 x 5 pts)……..…. 25 points Metabolism Project..........…………………….….. 20 points Midterm exam............................…….…………... 60 points Final exam........................ ………………………. 60 points
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Total possible
279 points
Courtesy
Be Respectful
YAWN!
Pay Attention If you can’t pay attention, at least keep it to yourself…don’t disrupt others.
Courtesy
• Tardiness
• Cell Phones off/silenced
• No Computers
EDUCATOR
http://www.kvcc.edu
Accessing On-line Course Materials
• Valley Information Portal
Login to system Username (example: jsmith1234)
1st initial, max 10 letters last name, last 4-digits of Valley Number.
Password
Your birthdate MMDDYY if provided, or last 6-digits of your Valley #
Destination
Drop down menu: Choose “Educator”
Login
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My Courses
Enter Course
EDUCATOR HCR 118 Course
BUTTONS of IMPORTANCE • Course Information (1st button) has downloadable Syllabus.
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Course Materials: Lecture Power Points Announcements: Where will post any reminders or new info. Automatically broadcast to your KVCC email.
Short Quizzes: All quizzes for course will be accessed here.
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External Links: Important resources to help you with course. Extra credit.
Resources to Help You Excel in This Class
• • Power Point Lectures Websites ScienceProfOnline.org & the Virtual Cell Biology Classroom (VCBC). VCBC has review worksheets and practice test questions for each lecture. See Educator for links. Cell Biology Study Guide: This is available on through the VCBC and in Educator Course Documents.
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How to Improve Your Grades & Study Skills: Information available on through the VCBC. See Educator for links.
KVCC Learning Center
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EXTRA CREDIT Review Questions
• For extra credit, you may choose to answer any 8 review questions that are available in VCBC for each lecture topic.
Some lecture topics have more than one online review sheet. MAXIMUM number of questions that you can turn in for each lecture is 8 questions for potentially 2 points of extra credit. You cannot turn in any review questions for extra credit after the 21st of February.
• Beyond the extra credit, completing the review questions should be part of your course study tactics.
The Learning Center
• Tutoring is Available for Many Different Courses
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Our class has a Learning Center facilitator (Amanda) who will hold a study group session every Wednesday from 9 – 10 am in room 8580.
Otherwise, tutoring is available by appointment, individual or small group basis.
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Room 2220 - across from Computer Lab / next to Testing Center.
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For more information on tutors' hours and to make an appointment: phone 488-4397 or stop in Room 2220.
FYI: KVCC also has Math and Reading/Writing Centers
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What is science
Science is a ______ for answering questions.
What is Science?
or
Here are a few statements to test your current understanding of science!
(You are thinking … Wow! This instructor is HARSH! A test the first time we meet.)
Science can prove anything, solve any problem or answer any question.
True or False?
False
• • • Science actually attempts to disprove ideas (hypotheses). Science is limited strictly to solving problems about the physical and natural world. Explanations based on supernatural forces, values or ethics can never be disproved and thus do not fall under the realm of science.
Any study done carefully and based on observation is scientific.
False
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• Science must follow certain rules.
• The rules of science make the scientific process as objective
as is possible.
Objective = Not influenced by feelings, interests and prejudices; UNBIASED
vs.
Subjective = Influenced by feelings, interests and prejudices; BIASED
Science can be done poorly.
Different scientists may get different solutions to the same problem.
The Controversy Over Spontaneous Generation
John Needham & Lazzaro Spallanzani
Problem:
Needham
What causes tiny living things to appear in decaying broth?
Spallazani’s Hypothesis: Microbes come from the air. Boiling will kill them.
Spallazani
Needham’s Hypothesis: Spontaneous generation.
Needham >
Spallazani >
1700’s
Soooo…what is good science?
____________ is the key to good science.
To be objective, experiments must be designed and conducted in a way that does not introduce bias into the study.
Scientists use the __________ _________
Scientific Method
Data Support Hypothesis
Data DO NOT Support Hypothesis
The Beginnings of Immunology
Edward Jenner and the first vaccine
Credited with introducing use of scabs from cowpox lesions to prevent smallpox. Was aware of farm workers' belief that if you had cowpox in past, you wouldn’t get smallpox.
_____________: Infectious disease that caused mild discomfort, aching, a few pustules, some swelling…symptoms that disappeared in a few days. No biggie.
_____________: Infectious disease that caused massive disfigurement, sometimes blindness, and often death. Question: Does having cowpox make a person immune to smallpox? Hypothesis: If I infect someone with cowpox, they will then be immune to smallpox. Experiments: Jenner made small incisions or punctures with cowpox material in arms of human subjects in order to prevent smallpox. Analysis & Conclusion: He saw that people that he infected with cow pox, when later exposed to smallpox, would get a little bit sick, but never come down with a full-blown case of smallpox. Present Results / Peer Evaluation: At first his peers doubted the safety and efficacy of his treatment, but eventually the value of the cowpox inoculum was recognized.
1800’s – English physician
Verification is another quality control measure to eliminate bias.
Results are verified by independent duplication and publication in a peer-reviewed journal.
__________ _________ = Two or more scientists from different institutions investigate the same question separately and get similar results.
_____-_______ ____________ = A journal that publishes articles only after they have been checked for quality by several expert, objective scientists from different institutions.
Scientific Theory vs. Law
_________
Explanation for an observation or series of observations that is substantiated by a considerable body of evidence. Example: Germ theory of disease - Infectious diseases result from the action of microorganisms. Although highly controversial when first proposed, it is now a cornerstone of modern medicine leading to such important innovations as antibiotics and hygienic practices.
__________
A statement of a scientific principle that appears to be without exception at the time it is made, and has become consolidated by repeated successful testing; A scientific rule.
Example: Newton's First Law of Motion (Law of Inertia) - every object either remains at rest or in continuous motion with constant speed unless acted upon by a force.
Treponema pallidum - Syphilis ♪ (Trep-o-neemah pal-lid-um)
So, what's the difference?
A __________ - explains how nature works. - are typically non-mathematical. A SCIENTIFIC ________ - describes what nature does under certain conditions, and will predict what will happen as long as those conditions are met.
- are often mathematically defined (once again, a description of how nature behaves).
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Looking at things this way helps to explain, in part, why physics and chemistry have lots of "laws" whereas biology has few laws (and more theories). In biology, it is very difficult to describe all the complexities of life with "simple" (relatively speaking!) mathematical terms.
So that’s Science…
Now, what’s the difference between: 1. Science 2. Non-science
3. Pseudoscience
___________ = Outside the Domain of Science
Nonscience is important in human thinking and experience.
• Values • Religious beliefs • Art
• Creativity & Intuition
Subjects of nonscience are usually easily separated from science.
_______________
When Nonscience Claims to Be Science
• Claims that can be tested
scientifically, but are not. • Try to pose as science.
Religious “science”: constantly upholds hypotheses instead of trying to falsify them.
Unidentified flying objects: none of the UFO “sightings” stand to careful scrutiny
Hauntings: none of the ghost “sightings” stand to careful scrutiny
Key to Blanks
P14: tool P21: objectivity, scientific method P23: cowpox, smallpox P24: independent duplication, peer-reviewed journal P25: theory, law P27: theory, law P29: nonscience P30: pseudoscience