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THE DAIRY INDUSTRY
IN ISRAEL 2007
Israel Cattle Breeders Association Israel Dairy Board
The Dairy Industry in Israel 2007
Editors: Daniel Hojman – Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture
Yossi Malul – Israel Cattle Breeders Association
Tova Avrech – Israel Dairy Board
Design and Production: Moshe Mirsky
Aknowledgments: Rachel Borushek – Israel Farmers’ Federation
Ephraim Ezra – ICBA, Israeli Herdbook
Shmuel Fridmann – IDB – National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality
Boaz Hanochi – ICBA
Liron Tamir – Israel Dairy Board
Joel I. Weller – Department of Genetics, Institute of Animal Sciences, A.R.O.
Yoel Zeron – Sion A.I. Company
Yossi Nir – Tnuva
Ilan Zadikov – Ministry of Environmental Protection
Sponsorships:
“Hachaklait”, Mutual Society for Clinical Veterinary Services
Sion A.I. Company
S.A.E. Afikim
Ambar Feed Mills
S.C.R. Engineers Ltd.
Tnuva
ISRAEL DAIRY BOARD (Production & Marketing) ISRAEL CATTLE BREEDERS ASSOCIATION
46, Derech Hamaccabim. P.O.B. 15578 38900 Caesaria Industrial Park
Rishon-Le’Tzion 75054, ISRAEL P.O.B. 3015, ISRAEL
Tel: 972-3-9564750 Tel: 972-4-6279700
Fax: 972-3-9564766 Fax: 972-4-6273501
e-mail: office@is-d-b.co.il e-mail: hmb-central@icba.org.il
www.milk.org.il www.icba.org.il
Contents
PART 1 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Map of the Dairy Industry in Israel 4
The Dairy Industry in Israel 5
The Agriculture Sector in Israel – Rachel Borushek 6
Dairy Farming in Israel 7
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
The Israel Dairy Board – Tova Avrech 8
Structure of the Israel Dairy Board 9
Annual Milk Quota and Milk Supply – Liron Tamir 10
The Reform in the Israeli Dairy Farms 1999-2007 – Ilan Zadikov 11
National Service for Udder Health & Milk Quality – Shmuel Fridmann 14
Milk Quality 15
Milk Marketing – Tova Avrech 17
Annual Marketed Milk 18
Research Fund 2007 19
Dairy Processing Companies in Israel – Yossi Nir 20
Sheep and Goat Milk Production 21
A New Record for Life-Time Milk Production – Daniel Hojman 22
PART 3 The Israeli Herdbook
The Israel Cattle Breeders Association – Yossi Malul 23
The ICBA Database – Ephraim Ezra 24
Production Summary for 2007
Production Averages by Calving Year 26
Production Averages by Parity Number 27
20 Cooperative Herds with Highest Production 28
20 Family Herds with Highest Production 29
20 Cows with Highest Production 30
20 Cows with Highest Lifetime Production 31
NOA – The Israeli Dairy Herd Management Program – Boaz Hanochi 32
Genetic Improvement
The Israeli Selection Index – Ephraim Ezra, Joel I. Weller 34
The Israeli Breeding Program – Yoel Zeron 35
Genetic Trends – Average Breeding Value of Cows 37
Genetic Trends – Average Breeding Value of Bulls 39
Bulls that performed largest number of inseminations 40
Fertility Statistics
Average Conception Rate at 1st service, by years 41
Fertility Summary for Heifers 42
Fertility Summary for 1st Lactation Cows 43
Fertility and Production 44
Fertility Summary for Adult Cows 45
Hahaklait Veterinary Services 46
➤
Map of the Dairy Golan Heights
s e a
Industry in Israel –
Galilee ISRAEL
Main Dairy Plants and F F
Dairy Farms Haifa
M e d i t e r r a n e a n
Sea of Galilee
F Dairy Plants F
Jezrael Valley F
Dairy Farms
Jordan Valley
Coastal Plain
Tel Aviv F
F
Judean Hills
F Jerusalem
Dead sea
Negev
The Israeli Dairy Industry
Arava
F
Eilat
Red sea
PART 1
4
The Dairy Industry in Israel
The dairy industry is one of the leading sectors in Israeli The Israeli Herdbook (DHI) receives and processes
agriculture, and a source of pride to all Israelis. It supplies information from the official milk production control system,
most of the domestic demand for milk and dairy products, which includes 90% of the dairy cattle in the country.
being the rest of the demand covered by imported supplies. In addition to production figures, the Israeli Herdbook
Israel has a total annual output of approx. 1.185 millions of incorporates information from the breeding system and from
liters of cow milk, 9.8 millions of liters of sheep milk and 7.9 the society for veterinarian services – “HaChaklait”. The
millions of liters of goat milk. comprehensive structure of the Israeli Herdbook provides
The annual value of products being processed is about $1.5 the farmer with useful multi-disciplinary information and is
billions. Milk shelves are filled with over 1,000 different used for evidence-based management analyses and decision
products which are healthy, innovative, tasty, and in row making processes, which have led to outstanding world-
with other state-of- the-art dairy industries. scale achievements. Indeed, the Israeli cow has the highest
Milk is produced on 1,010 farms, spread countrywide. The national milk (production/cow/year) and milk solids yields in
national dairy herd is comprised of about 130,000 head of the world. In 2007, the average annual milk yield per cow
the Israeli-Holstein breed, which has been developed by the was 11,291 kg of milk, of which 3.26% is protein (361 kg)
Israeli Genetic Improvement system. Since this cow has been and 3.70% is fat (409 kg).
selected for generations in the harsh conditions of the Israeli
climate, it is very well adapted to the local environment – a We are pleased to present you with this summary of the
long and hot summer and several endemic diseases. Nearly Israeli Dairy Industry for 2007 and hope you will understand
all cows are bred by artificial insemination. the reason why the Israeli dairy farm has become known as
a source of knowledge and pride.
Sincerely,
Shyke Drori Yaacov Bachar
Israel Dairy Board Israel Cattle Breeders Association
General Manager General Manager
5
PART 1 The Israeli Dairy Industry
The Agricultural Sector in Israel
Rache l B or us he k Israel Farmers’ Federation ► rachel_b@mail.netvision.net.il
➤
Population 7.18 million inhab.
Table 1.1
GDP per cápita 92,585 NIS = 22,540 US$
Economic and
financial data GDP of Agricultural Sector 9.8 NIS Billions = 2.4 US$ Billions
of Israel and its
Share of Agriculture in National GDP 1.5 %
agricultural sector
(1 US$ = 4.45 NIS) Share of Agriculture
in the Business Sector GDP 2.0 %
Direct Employment in Agriculture
as share of National Labor Force 2.3 %
Self-sufficiency of Agricultural Products 80.0 %
➤
Crops 13,905 61 %
Table 1.2
Marketing value of Livestock and livestock products 8,760 39 %
agricultural products. Thereof raw milk 2,129 9%
Value as received by
TOTAL 22,665 100 %
productor
(NIS million)
(1 US$ = 4.45 NIS)
Israel’s agricultural sector is characterized country, half of which is defined as desert.
by an intensive production system, which Despite the decrease in the number of
stems from the need to overcome the farmers’ and agriculture’s share in the GDP,
scarcity of natural resources, particularly agriculture plays a significant role as a
water. major food supplier to the local market and
The agricultural sector’s high level is an important factor in Israeli export. Total
of development is due to the close agricultural produce in 2007 accounted for
cooperation and interaction among 1.5% of the GDP.
scientists, extension advisers, farmers, and Some 64,500 people were directly
agriculture-related industries. employed in agriculture in 2007. This
These four elements have joined together number represents 2.3% of the country’s
to promote advanced technologies in all active labor force.
agricultural branches. The average monthly income per
The result is modern agriculture in a agricultural employee was $2,600 in 2007.
6
PART 1 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Dairy Farming in Israel
L i r on Ta m i r Senior Economist, Israel Dairy Board ► liron@is-d-b.co.il
➤
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Table 1.3
Family farms (Moshav)
No. of dairy farms,
by farm type, and Number 1,091 1,025 962 921 880 855 843 830
average annual milk Average quota (x 1,000 ltrs.) 439 492 511 524 541 560 564 589
quota per farm Cooperative farms (Kibbutz)
(x 1,000 ltrs.) Number 214 209 200 196 187 176 167 165
Average quota (x 1,000 ltrs.) 3,036 3,273 3,335 3,344 3,524 3,747 3,851 4,030
Agric. school farms
Number 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 15
Average quota (x 1,000 ltrs.) 713 750 731 719 733 746 784 811
Total
Number of farms 1,321 1,250 1,178 1,133 1,083 1,047 1,025 1,010
Average quota (x 1,000 ltrs.) 863 960 993 1,015 1,059 1,098 1,102 1,155
1,600
➤
No. of dairy farms
Annual quota per farm (ltrs.)
Fig. 1.1 1,400
Number of dairy 1,200
farms and average
1,000
annual milk quota per
farm, by year 800
600
No. of dairy farms
400
Average annual
quota per farm 200
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Types of Settlement In addition to the Jewish agricultural sector, Arab villages are
Much of Israel’s agriculture is based on cooperative located in Israel’s rural areas. Theses villages focus mainly on
settlements, which were developed in the early 20th production of small livestock (sheep and goats), vegetables,
century. The Kibbutz is a large collective production unit. field crops and olives.
Kibbutz members jointly own the means of production and All the Kibbutz dairy herds participate in the DHI system
share social and economic activities. At present, most of the and represent 62.6% of the cows with recorded production.
Kibbutz income comes from industrial enterprises owned Their average milk yield in 2007 was 11,703 kg/cow/year
by the collective unit. Another type of settlement is the and the average production of protein and fat was 797 kg/
Moshav, which is based on individual farms yet organized cow/year. Approximately 75% of the Moshav dairy herds
as a cooperative society. The residents in both types of participate in the DHI system and represent 37.4% of the
settlements are provided with a package of municipal cows with recorded production. Their average milk yield in
services. The Kibbutz and the Moshav currently account for 2007 was 10,594 kg/cow/year and the average production
83% of the country’s agricultural produce. of protein and fat was 723 kg/cow/year.
7
PART 1 The Israeli Dairy Industry
The Israel Dairy Board Production & Marketing
Tov a Av r e c h Innovation and Health, Israel Dairy Board ► tova@is-d-b.co.il
T he Israel Dairy Board (IDB) is a private
organisation, jointly owned and
managed by the Government of Israel, the
The farmers:
• The Israel Cattle Breeders Association –
CEO & members
major processing companies, and the dairy • Israeli Farmers Federations - members
farmers. • Israeli Farmers Association
www.milk.org.il • The Jewish Agency
The Board consists of representatives from:
The IDB has the following objectives:
The Government: • To generate and organise cooperation
• The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural among all entities active in the sector.
Development • To implement the government policy
• The Ministry of Health regarding milk-production planning and
• The Ministry of Finance marketing (including management of
• The Ministry of Industry, Trade and quotas).
Labour • To deal with and dispose of surplus
milk.
The processors: • To improve the professional standards
• Tnuva Dairy – CEO & economy of the dairy industry.
• Strauss Dairy • To promote the consumption of milk
• Tara Dairy - CEO and dairy products.
Milk Production in Israel
• To manage the beef-cattle market.
PART 2
8
Structure of the Israel Dairy Board
General Assembly
Board of Directors
Internal Auditor
CEO
DCEO
Export Quality Innovation Scientific Computers Economics Planning Office
Control Control & Health Director
Marketing Finance Research Quotas Statistics
Publishing Fund Management
Public
Relations
Book Accountant National
Keeping Services For
Udder Health
Milk Quality
“Clean Herd” Milking Veterinarians Laboratory
Club Management
9
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
Annual Milk Quota and Milk Supply
Liron Ta m i r Senior Economist, Israel Dairy Board ► liron@is-d-b.co.il
Milk production in Israel is carried out under Dairy Board allowed the dairy farmers, in
a quota system, where the annual volume fact, to produce as much as they could.
is divided into monthly quotas. Economic The base price for the milk to the producer
incentives have been set to encourage dairy is agreed upon between government,
farmers level-up production throughout farmers and dairy industries. The price
months, so that milk supply to the industry reflects the average cost of production plus
is more uniform throughout the year. an agreed return for the farmers’ labor and
The fast increase in the demand for milk invested capital.
products caused that in 2007 the Israel
➤
Milk supply Milk quota
Table 2.1
Year (millions of ltrs.) (millions of ltrs.)
Cow milk – annual
supply and quota 1996 1,099 1,075
(millions of ltrs.) 1997 1,095 1,085
1998 1,126 1,124
1999 1,132 1,124
2000 1,128 1,140
2001 1,174 1,200
2002 1,154 1,170
2003 1,122 1,150
2004 1,146 1,150
2005 1,150 1,150
2006 1,124 1,130
2007 1,166 1,185
1,200
➤
(millions of ltrs.)
Fig. 2.1 1,150
Cow milk – annual 1,100
supply and quota
1,050
(millions of ltrs.)
1,000
Milk supply
950
Milk quota
900
850
800
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
10
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
The Reform in the Israeli Dairy Farms 1999-2007
Il a n Za di k ov Ministry of Environmental Protection ► ilanz@sviva.gov.il
While milk production per cow in Israel is among the investments in the cowsheds. The project included financial
highest in the world, dairy farms are major polluters of the grants of 50% for investments in infrastructure and systems
environment. Potential environmental problems include for environmental protection and 30% for greater efficiency.
soil and water source contamination caused by nutrients, Within the framework of the reform, strict criteria were
nitrates, brines, organic matter and pathogens as well as formulated for the environment-friendly operation of dairy
stench, flies and aesthetic degradation. farms, largely based on guidelines developed by the Ministry
There are about 120,000 milk cows in Israel, producing of Environmental Protection. Among others among other
about 1.124 billion liters of milk per year. It is estimated what???, guidelines relate to the establishment of proper
that one cow equals about 20 people in terms of potential treatment and disposal facilities including requirements
water pollution caused by organic material (BOD) generated for roofing, cement flooring, drainage systems to prevent
per day. Thus, the pollution generated by some 398,000 release of manure and leachate into the environment,
heads of cattle in Israel, including both milk and beef cows, manure collection and containment facilities, separation
exceeds the pollution generated by the entire human of solids from the waste stream, and sewage treatment at
population of the country. different levels.
The reform presented a golden opportunity to upgrade
Aims of the Dairy Farm Reform environmental infrastructures in dairy farms and to stop this
In 1999, a reform package was initiated in the dairy sector, source of environmental pollution.
which continued until 2007. The main aims of the reform At the onset of the reform project in 1999, there were
are as follows: 1,453 cowsheds in Israel. During the course of nine years
• Encouraging dairy producers to become larger, more of reform (1999 - 2007), the number of dairy farms was
competitive and more efficient; reduced by more than 30% - from 1,453 to 1,010. During
• Preventing pollution from dairy farms and protecting this same period, national milk production increased by
the country’s water sources by upgrading cowsheds and 102 million liters/year - from 1.124 billion liters in 1998
establishing environmental infrastructure. to 1.226 billion liters by 2008 (a 9% increase). By the end
In the first five years of the reform (until the end of 2004),
dairy farm owners could present engineering plans for
approval to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental
Protection. The years 2004 - 2006 were devoted to the
implementation of the plans and receiving grants. Due
to the security situation in the northern region of the
country and the vicinity of the Gaza region, an extension
was granted to dairy farms in this area to complete
implementation until 2007.
Components of the Reform Project
The reform project resulted from an agreement between
the Ministry of Finance, the Dairy Board and the Ministry
of Agriculture, with the Ministry of Environmental
Protection providing the professional requirements for
11
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
of 2007, 1004 dairy farms (98%) presented plans which implemented by the end of 2007.
were approved and 890 (89%) completed implementation During the entire reform period, investments totaling some
and comply with Ministry of Environmental Protection 979 million shekels were approved for infrastructure and
requirements. environmental protection facilities, of which 849 million
shekels were for dairy farms, 110.5 million for regional
Achievements of the Dairy Reform facilities for manure treatment and 20 million shekels for
During the course of a nine-year reform (1999 - 2007), the wastewater treatment plants, especially in the Negev.
following achievements were reached: Throughout the reform period, financial grants in the sum
• The total number of dairy farms was reduced from 1,453 of 493 million shekels were approved for investments in
to 1,010 - more than a 30% reduction. environmental infrastructure, regional manure treatment
• 98% of the dairy farms presented plans which were facilities and wastewater treatment.
approved and financial grants were determined for them In practice, 336 million shekels were granted for
(1004 dairy farms out of 1024). environmental investments in the dairy farm sector.
• 890 dairy farms implemented the reform and Approved grants for environmental treatment constituted
comply with Ministry of the Environmental about 53% of the total grants which were approved within
Protection requirements for a “bubble dairy farm” the framework of the dairy farm reform.
model. Total approved investments in the reform package including
About 68% of the total approved investment for environmental investments, greater efficiency and grants for
environmental plans for dairy farms and for the purchase of cows were 1,850 million shekels, of which 815
establishment of regional facilities for manure treatment was million constituted grants.
12
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Major Accomplishments Regional Solutions to Agricultural Wastes
Environmental improvement of Israel’s dairy farm sector Experience has demonstrated that regional systems are best
is a major achievement, even by world standards. In suited to provide environmental infrastructure and service
the beginning of 2008, most of Israel’s dairy farms to farmers, on the one hand, and to help dispose of and
were environment friendly, constituting a model for treat agricultural wastes, on the other hand. Therefore,
a comprehensive solution to one of the most difficult centralized manure collection and treatment systems have
problems associated with cattle raising in Israel. been set up and upgraded in recent years to deal with
Following is a summary of some of the major the problems generated by the agricultural sector. These
achievements: facilities comply with infrastructure requirements stipulated
Some 89% of Israel’s dairy farms are regulated from an by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, including
environmental viewpoint, equipped with infrastructure sealing, to prevent pollutant infiltration and measures for
for the prevention of pollutant infiltration, prevention of leachate collection.
manure, leachate and sewage overflow, prevention of Regional collection and treatment facilities, based on
rainwater contamination, organized collection of manure in different technologies, have contributed to the dairy farm
containment facilities, and environment-friendly solutions reform as well. In recent years, investments and grants
to wastewater, based, to a large extent, on existing sewage for 14 programs for the establishment and expansion of
systems. regional manure collection and treatment facilities were
The general dispersion of dairy farms in Israel has been approved in different parts of the country, from the Galilee
preserved, including fodder growth areas, which are in the north to the Negev in the south. Of these, 11
considered to be open spaces and may be used for the facilities were established, upgraded or are currently being
application of effluents and sludge generated by urban constructed.
wastewater. Investments in the sum of 110.5 million shekels were
The wastewater generated by the dairy farm sector, equal approved for regional facilities and grants in the sum of 56.5
in scope to the wastewater produced by some 6 million million were approved to facilitate their execution. Some
residents, is absorbed and treated in local or regional 50% of the total stock of cattle in the dairy farm sector is
sewage systems. associated with regional facilities.
Unique dry technologies based on local development, which In addition to providing a cost-effective, efficient and
reduce environmental nuisances such as stench and fly environment-friendly solution to the collection and
infestation associated with wet processes, were introduced. treatment of dairy farm wastes from individual farms, these
New technologies were imported which significantly reduce wastes are also used for the production of biogas. In the
water consumption and wastewater generation. north and south of the country, manure is largely processed
More than 25 small wastewater treatment plants, on into compost while in the central region of the country the
settlement or regional level, for the treatment of wastewater manure is utilized for the production of renewable energy.
and cowshed waste were upgraded, with financing from
the reform budget, according to the relative load of these The production of energy from a renewable source, such
cowsheds on the facilities. as agricultural waste, is a major accomplishment in Israel.
In terms of animal welfare, cows have benefited from a With the completion of the planned facilities, about a third
larger area and better conditions (20 sq.m/cow instead of of Israel’s cows will produce renewable energy in addition to
10 sq.m/cow previously), which have an impact on milk milk.
production as well.
Biogas facilities, which utilize cattle manure for renewable
energy generation were developed.
13
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
National Service for Udder Health & Milk Quality
Sh m ue l F r i dm a nn National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality, Israel Dairy Board ► shmulik@is-d-b.co.il
The National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality is a Udder Health
non-profit organization, whose objective is to improve the • Tracing and planning the eradication of contagious
udder health and milk quality of all milk producers (cows, mastitis e.g. Strep. Agalactiae 0.3% of cows are
sheep & goats) in Israel. The organization consists of a infected, Staph. Aureus (less than 2% are infected from
Mastitis Control Laboratory, veterinarians and instructors all the milik samples send by the farmers).
who are responsible for all farms in Israel that wish to • Advice during the eradication phase.
employ their services. Payments for the services provided • Advice to producers with high Somatic Cell Counts and/
by the National service for Udder Health and Milk Quality or high cell plate counts.
derive from the Israel Dairy Board budget. • Planning, implementation, and follow up on programs
The following services are provided to all dairy herds: to combat
• mastitis in individual cows and on a herd basis.
Laboratory diagnosis and services Analysis of milking parlours and
• During 2007 the lab analysed a total of 112,449 milking equipment
samples. • Advice on milking parlour construction.
• The lab is certificated with the Quality Management • Advice to dairy farmers on milking machine
Standard ISO 17025. specifications.
• Analysis of samples from clinical mastitic cows sent by • Supervision of companies supplying milking equipment,
dairy farmers (11.116). teat dips and detergents.
• Analysis of samples sent by farmers from pre-partum • Static and dynamic testing of milk parlours.
cows for sub-clinical mastitis. • Milk parlor troubleshooting.
• Antibiograms providing information to the clinical
veterinarian (2991 tests). Education
• Evaluation of teat dip samples from dairy herds(588 • Advice on laboratory facilities and laboratory
samples). examinations.
• Bulk tank analysis for Strep. Agalactiae (1925 samples • Organisation of workshops for producers and for dairies.
taken). • Publication of technical news letters.
• Analysis of bedding samples. • Promotion of research projects.
• Para tubercolosis milk test by ELIZA from individual cows • Field studies.
and herd level: About 2.6% of Israeli cows were found • Advice, co-ordination, and follow up of all services
to be infected with Para tuberculosis; the amount of provided.
problematic herds is 14% (a problematic herd has over
5% infectivity).
14
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Milk Quality
➤
Fig. 2.2
Milk supply, by
somatic cell count
categories,
in 2007
Premium
Grade A
SOMATIC CELL COUNT
Grade B, C and D
Quality Grade Count per ml % of supplied milk
Premium Less than 220,000 55.9
Grade A 220,001 – 280,000 31.9
Grades B, C and D over 280,000 12.2
Total 100.0
➤
Fig. 2.3
Milk supply, by
bacterial count
categories, in 2007
Premium
Grade A
Grade B
BACTERIAL COUNT
Quality Grade Count per ml % of supplied milk
Premium Less than 10,000 47.5
Grade A 10,001 – 75,000 51.2
Grade B over 75,000 1.3
Total 100.0
15
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
450
➤
scc (x 1,000)
Fig. 2.4
Average somatic cell 400
count, by year
350
300
250
200
150
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
A firm and constant policy was established the average SCC (annual average for all
by the Israel Dairy Board in the 90s with farms) to decrease from 428,000/ml in
the aim of improving milk quality. Economic 1995 to 196,000/ml in 2006 (data from
incentives were set in order to lower the milk processing plants). The increase of the
somatic cell count in the milk supplied average SCC in 2007 is explained by the
to the industry and a threshold of price efforts to increase milk supply in order to
categories was progressively lowered attend the fast growing demand of milk
along years. The farmers’ response caused products.
16
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
Milk Marketing
Tov a Av r e c h Innovation and Health, Israel Dairy Board ► tova@is-d-b.co.il
Every dairy in Israel does its own marketing and promotes its A new educational project launched during 2007 was “The
own brands. The IDB however, promotes only generic milk Milk Stage”: Over 10,000 classes in elementary schools
and generic milk products. received a kit, including a challenging game to be played in
Consumption of milk products in Israel has distinct class, a personal notebook with facts about healthy nutrition
characteristics: most families are not accustomed to eating and tips on improving nutritional habits. This kit, put
meat for dinner. Dinner, when eaten at home, is usually a together by the IDB comprises a book telling the story of
dairy meal, while meat is consumed at lunch. Thus, milk Sidan & Dan, two imaginary characters that help strengthen
products are usually eaten at breakfast and at dinner. Some bones, a memory game, colouring-in pages, stickers, letters
of the reasons for this tradition are the Kosher precepts to parents and several other activities, all dealing with health
which determine that milk and meat are not eaten at the and nutrition The “Sidan & Dan” kit was distributed free
same meal. of charge to 9,500 kindergartens in Israel, including 2,000
The most popular cheese in Israel is a white spreadable kits adapted for the Arab sector, and 1,500 for the religious
cheese; its per-capita consumption is the highest in the sector. Letters were sent to teachers several months after
world. the kit was received, with additional nutritional information
Although a great deal of dairy products are consumed by as well as games for the kids.
Israelis, children suffer from similar nutritional problems as Pediatricians, gynecologists, gastroenterologists and
those of the Western world: chronic shortage of calcium in dietitians were given a great deal of information about
the diet, and a growing obesity rate. nutrition during 2007, including facts and figures about
The IDB adopted the “three-a-day” philosophy as a leading osteoporosis, the connection between eating dairy products
concept, and the “three-a-day” logo appears on every and weight loss, and the importance of the “three-a-day”
IDB publication. “Three-a-day” will be the main message concept.
in the near future, as part of a long-term educational The year 2007 was the fourth year in which the IDB,
program. The concept has been promoted on the radio and together with all dairy farms in Israel, celebrated “The Joy
in brochures, in meetings and in every IDB activity. During of Milk” festival. In February, a month with very high milk
2007 the IDB continued its extensive educational program yields, dairy farmers open their doors and invite visitors in
in kindergartens called “Sidan & Dan” (Sidan is Hebrew for to watch milking, feeding, handling and caring of the cows,
calcium). As the name suggests, the programme deals with sheep and goats.
the importance of consuming milk and milk products three
times a day as part of a balanced diet.
17
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Annual Marketed Milk
Cow Milk Sheep & Goat Milk
Fermented Milk Soft Cheese Hard Cheese Butter Soft Cheese Hard Cheese
Year Fluid Milk and Desserts Ton Ton Ton Ton Ton
2002 359,594 148,743 79,252 22,435 5,423 925 1,140
2003 359,859 147,151 79,900 22,547 5,444 1,040 1,131
2004 370,266 146,820 80,703 22,813 5,713 1,266 1,200
2005 378,957 151,766 82,359 23,528 5,816 1,273 1,236
2006 402,251 164,220 87,266 25,112 6,209 1,361 1,173
2007 405,928 166,610 88,177 26,472 6,175 1,695 1,096
Table 2.5
Distribution of annual
marketed milk, by Fermented Milk & Hard Cheese Butter Fluid Milk
Desserts 4% 1% 59%
dairy products. (tons) 24%
➤
Fig. 2.5
Distribution of
annual marketed
milk, by dairy
products (% of total,
based on skimmed
milk equivalent)
Soft Cheese
12%
18
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
Research Fund 2007
The goal of the Dairy Board Research Fund for Dairy and productivity. The total budget of the fund was about 4
Beef Cattle is to support mainly applied research, provide millions shekels.
the farmers with advanced tools to improve productivity and During 2007 The Israel Dairy Board funded another
health conditions and to significantly reduce their expenses. scientific fund, together with the Ministry of Health.
Also, it aims at promoting the quality of dairy and beef The fund promotes research on the subject: ”Milk and
products for consumer health. The professional committees dairy products’ contribution to human health”. It was
and the supreme steering committee are appointed to constructed in order to enlarge the circle of research done
examine all grant proposals in the light of these aims. in Israel to human doctors and researchers and to add more
The majority of the research which was done during 2007 research establishments to the pool. The total budget of the
dealt with nutrition and feeding, and with health and fund – 500,000 shekels.
MILK LOSS RESULTING FROM SUBCLINICAL
MASTITIS IN HIGH-YIELDING ISRAELI COWS
S. Friedman1#, E. Shoshani2, E. Ezra3
1- Udder Health and Milk Quality Laboratory, Israel Dairy Board.
2- Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.
3- Herd Book, Israeli Cattle Breeders’ Association.
#E-mail: Shmulik@mba-labs.org.il
INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS
Mastitis is a well known disease that impairs 400,000 Bacteriological tests of composite milk were analyzed. Type of pathogen were
milk production. A retrospective defined according to NMC, 1999. In addition data of over 1,600,000 records of monthly
epidemiological study was carried out, based SCCs and milk production were collected from the Israeli Herd Book for the years 1995-
on milk recording data (1995-1999) and 1999. Three statistical models, using the GLM procedure of SAS were used:
bacteriological tests that were performed on
all dairy herds in Israel annually. 1. MODEL 1 - The dependent variables were SCC or milk production. The independent variables
were: Herd type (HT) – 1 cooperative farm (more than 250 cows) 2 – family farm (less than 100
cows). Categories of days in milk (CDIM) were divided among three categories: 5-100, 101-200 and
GOALS OF THIS STUDY: 201-305 days. Lactation number – lactations 1, 2, 3, and 4 and above. Udder Infection
Pathogen (UIP) - Bacterial group ; Month of calving (Mn) where n = 1-…..12.
To determine rates of sub clinical infection on
national level; 2. MODEL 2 – same as in model 1 but SCC was divided into six groups and lactation number into
To diagnose the dominant pathogens causing two groups.
the sub clinical infections in Israeli herds; 3. MODEL 3 – same as in model 1 but SCC was divided into two groups: "non infected" cows – SCC
To quantify the milk loss caused by sub clinical < 200,000 somatic cells/ml, and " infected" (sub clinical infections) cows – SCC > 200,000 somatic
mastitis in Israeli herds. cells/ml milk.
Distribution of the pathogens (%) involved The effects of lactation no. of “non-infected” Effect of SCC on milk losses (kg) /day of
in sub clinical mastitis as diagnosed by yearly and “infected” cows on SCC and corrected milk primiparous ( ) and cows ( ) during 305-d
routine bacteriological samples during production lactation period.
lactation in primiparous and cows in the years
1995-1999 SCC Lactation No. of SCC Milk
(n = 414,363) groups no. observation (*1000) (kg/day)
Diagnosis result Primiparous Cows below 1 413,246 81 30.9
200,000 2 279,319 85 36.7
Streptococcus non-agalactia 3.2 7 3 165,167 91 38.9
Staphylococcus aureus 2.3 3.4 4+ 171,312 97 39.4
Environmental (Gram negative) 1.2 2.7 Total 1,029,044 86 36.5
Above 1 134,161 714 29.5
CNS (Micrococci) 33 18.1 200,000 2 135,715 773 33.2
Corynebacterium bovis 2.9 5.1 3 118,079 833 35.1
Others (fungi, yeasts, algae) 1.8 2.9 4+ 194,903 948 35.0
Total 582,858 830 33.2
No growth 55.6 60.8
Total 100 100
“Non-infected” - SCC below 200,000
"Infected" - SCC above 200,000
The main sub clinical bacterial infections are The biggest effect of SCC on daily milk yield
environmental and opportunistic bacterial High relationship (P<0.01) was found between loss was between 100,000 and 200,000 cells/ml
groups. In all bacteria, apart from CNS, the lactation number, milk yield and “infectious” in all lactations (0.6 kg – primiparous,
infection rate increased with increasing category derived from SCC only. 2.4 kg – adults). Milk losses at higher SCC was
lactation number. relatively small.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The main pathogenic factors causing sub clinical udder infections in the Israeli dairy herd are
environmental and opportunistic bacteria.
2. The average infection rate for a dairy herd was between 40 and 60%. The infection rate by these
bacteria rises with the age of the cow, except for the CNS group that was dominant in the primiparous
(with a rate almost twice as high as those in the other lactation groups).
3. The rate of milk loss is directly correlated to the SCC level. In primiparous with SCC levels between
100,000 and 1,000,000 cells/ml the milk loss was between 2 and 4%; for the older cows milk loss was
higher – between 5.5 and 9%.
19
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Dairy Processing Companies in Israel
Yos s i Ni r Tnuva Dairy Industry
The Israeli Milk Industry is based on three major producers: The milk industry has also modernized its storage and
Tnuva, Strauss and Tara. distribution capabilities, moving from small storerooms in
Tnuva was founded in 1926, at the time when Tnuva was the inner cities to large automatic logistics centers where the
launched as a cooperative with the objective of handling extensive variety of products are stored and organized for
milk production. Since then, Tnuva has been the largest distribution throughout Israel.
and leading producer of milk in the country. It has provided All the new sites are ecologically friendly. For example,
stability to the dairy sector and has promoted its growth, to recycling has been largely implemented. A good illustration
the point that in 2007 a total of 1,200,000,000 liters of milk of this approach has been the construction of a new factory
were delivered. to process whey, the Ba’emek plant, which collects whey
Tnuva’s dairies receive about 900 million liters of milk from all the dairies and produces milk protein powders and
annually and transform it into dairy products. The winter lactose. Other improvements relate to quality control and
milk surplus is converted into milk powder and butter. In strict regulations to avoid risking health hazards.
2007, 8,600 tons of milk powder was produced. The produced raw milk meets the highest international
Tara and Strauss dairies collect and process 120 million and quality standards. Milk transportation specifications have
115 million liters of milk per year, respectively. In addition, been set to preserve the quality of the product delivered by
54 small dairies in Israel collectively produce 40 million liters dairy farmers that compares with the highest international
of milk annually. standards.
Over the last 10 years, the Israeli milk industry has passed Production lines in dairy plants use state of the art cleaning
comprehensive reforms that include: and hygienic technologies and also adopt international
• Specialization and renovation of most dairy plants. standards as ISO; GMP; HACCP etc, to maintain milk quality
• Building of the Alon Tavor dairy, a modern milk levels and extend the shelf-life of products.
processing facility that is one of the most advanced in Finally, distribution of processed products has been
the world, equipped with “state of the art” technology upgraded; delivery trucks are fully refrigerated and equipped
and automation. with cooling control.
As the Alon Tavor dairy plant became operational and This updated dairy industry, distinguished by innovative
expanded, Tnuva closed the city dairies; Tel-Aviv, Haifa and packaging and a large variety of products, is both the result
Jerusalem, and converted the Rehovot facilities into a dairy of intense competition and concern for the consumer’s
plant specializing in liquid and flavored milk that included welfare. Strong emphasis is placed on the consumer and in
UHT. Moreover, the company has renovated production fact, customer satisfaction is our main goal.
lines specializing in hard-cheese processing at the Tel Yosef The intense competition and the limited size of the Israeli
dairy plant and salty cheeses at the Tene Noga dairy. market have encouraged the largest dairies to initiate
• Strauss has established a new dairy facility in Ashdod activities overseas. Recently, Tnuva opened a new dairy
and Netivot and has renovated its Yotveta plant. in Romania and milk products are exported to the United
• Tara, recently bought by the Coca-Cola licensed States market, especially for the kosher consumer sector.
company in Israel, is planning to establish a new dairy In 2008 Tnuva changed ownership from a coorporative to a
plant in the south. private company owned by the “Apex” fund, the Mivtach-
• Many small dairies are also undergoing a renovation Shamir group and farmers.
process.
20
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Sheep and Goat Milk Production
➤ Raising sheep and goat for milk and meat is
Table 2.3 Sheep milk Goat milk one of Israel’s oldest agricultural branches.
Sheep and goat Year (x 1000 ltrs.) (x 1000 ltrs.)
Today, approximately 2,500 families*
milk – Annual 1996 8,735 2,315 raise sheep and goats under a wide range
production 1997 9,021 2,581 of production systems: from extensive,
1998 8,695 2,982 traditional, semi-nomadic, and transhumant
1999 8,716 2,940 flocks to the intensive, zero-grazing dairy
2000 8,736 3,375 and meat units of moshav and kibbutz
2001 9,758 3,579 farms in various parts of the country. The
2002 10,389 4,147 evolution of the Israeli sheep sector is a
2003 9,931 5,142 good example of how modern technology
2004 10,446 5,407 has been integrated into a traditional
2005 11,527 6,171 farming system through research and
2006 10,966 7,027 development.
2007 9,877 7,928
Milk production
Some 11.0 million kg of sheep milk and
7.0 million kg of goat milk are produced
annually. The milk is used for a diverse
range of cheese and yogurt products. Due
to their high quality and properties, sheep
and goat cheeses are exported, mainly to
the USA.
* sheep for meat included.
21
PART 2 Milk Production in Israel
A New Record for Life-Time Milk Production
Dan i e l Hoj m a n Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture ► daniel.hojman@gmail.com
The cow “Felix” has set, by 1/1/2008, an outstanding Considering that by the end of 2007 there were 98,548
record for lifetime milk production for the Israeli herd and cows with recorded production in the Israeli DHI, the
most probably for the world: 200,279 kg of milk. This percentage of cows with an accumulative milk production of
spectacular production was achieved in 5,069 days-in-milk, more than 100,000 kg has risen to 0.6%.
with an average yield of 39.51 kg per day-in-milk, 3.28% By the same time, in the Dutch DHI there are 589,000
milk-fat and 2.87% milk-protein. This extraordinary cow Holstein cows with controlled milk production and in the
from the Ma’ale HaGilboa dairy farm, a Lasso’s daughter, U.S.A. DHI there were 3,923,000 (data from ICAR). A
was 17 years old by that date and milking its 13 lactation.
th
similar percentage of cows with an accumulative yield of
Lasso’s sire was Laser, son of Lavlar, all three of them Israeli more than 100,000 kg of milk -as shown in the Israeli herd -
born and tested bulls. Lavlar was born to the American bull would mean 3,534 cows in The Netherlands and more than
La-Del Ideal Superior, active in the late 70s. 23,500 in the U.S.A. with life-time accumulative production
The Ma’ale HaGilboa dairy farm is located on top of the surpassing 100,000 kg of milk.
Gilboa Mountain, which borders the southern part of the What about the sires of such outstanding high-yielding
Yezrael Valley. The herd has 253 milking cows, which in cows? The following table provides interesting information.
2007 produced an average per-cow yield of 13,184 kg of
milk, with 3.35% milk-fat and 3.13% milk-protein (853 Number of
kg of fat and protein). Remarkably, in the Ma’ale HaGilboa cows that
over passed
herd there are 10 cows with a lifetime milk production of
100,000 kg
more than 100,000 kg of milk. of
One of the most remarkable characteristics of the accumulative Country
Israeli dairy herd is the impressive number of cows with milk of sire’s
Sire production* origin Grand-sire – Country of birth
outstanding life-term milk yields. By 1/1/2008 there were
594 cows, with an accumulative yield that surpassed SCORER 248 Israel THONYMA SECRET – U.S.A.
100,000 kg of milk, and are still in the herds. This is a clear SHENEF 30 Israel PONY – Israel
demonstration that life-herd longevity, which does not SIR 26 Israel RASHAM – Israel
conflict with high yields.
TEVA 21 Israel KINGSTEAD VALINT TAB
– Canada
FLOR 21 Israel ACRES STARLITE BACHELOR
– U.S.A.
* and still in the herds by 1/1/2008
Other sires had less than 20 daughters in the data set.
Scorer as sire of those outstanding cows is impressive. Scorer
was born in 1990. He performed 199,204 inseminations,
and still is the most utilized Israeli bull ever. Sixteen of his
sons were tested and some of them were also extensively
used. Indeed… impressive!
Felix – World record cow for life-term milk production
22
PART 2 The Israeli Dairy Industry
The Israel Cattle Breeders Association
Yos s i M a l ul Publishing Department Editor, ICBA ► hmb-malul@icba.org.il
Israel Cattle Breeders Association
Services Representation
Genetic Milk DHI Herd Extension
evaluations analysis managment and applied
laboratory program: research
NOA
Government NGOs Press
The Israel Cattle Breeders Association The organization supplies essential
The Israeli Herdbook
represents all dairy cattle farmers in Israel. assistance to its members and the satellite
For the past 80 years the organization has organizations connected to the industry.
been the sole representative of all milk The pivot point of the organization is the
producers in the country, taking care of all National Herdbook, which is one of the
their professional needs and sustaining a most comprehensive herdbooks in the
vibrant and modern industry. world.
PART 3
23
The ICBA Database
Ep hr a i m E z r a Herdbook Manager, ICBA ► hmb-efraim@icba.org.il
In 2007 the Israeli Dairy Herdbook collected information Central milk laboratory – This laboratory, presently equipped
from 98,548 cows in 699 herds, 90% of the dairy cows in with three FOSS analyze-instruments, analyzes milk
the country. The ICBA database gathers information and components (fat, protein, lactose, SCC, MUN and casein
merges additional data from other related sources, and rate) in the DHI milk samples. This laboratory also analyzes
aims to integrate all relevant information regarding the milk samples from daily shipments to the dairies. These
Israeli dairy herd. This integrated database allows farmers, results are used to determine payment for farmers.
extension advisors, veterinarians, the Sion A.I. institute and
others, access to controlled and accurate information. A.I. technicians – Technicians of the Sion A.I. cooperative
Sources and users of this system are listed below: services inseminate 98% of the cows in Israel. All cows
from the herds included in the DHI system have bar-coded
Input sources insemination cards containing information on the cows
and their pedigree. Before selecting a semen straw, the
DHI – Milk recording is performed by two methods. In technician checks bloodlines of the cow and candidate sires,
herds with > 150 cows (70% of the cows), recording is using a hand-held terminal. Inseminations are performed
done monthly by an ICBA representative (A4 method), who only if inbreeding coefficient is under 3.125%. Details of the
records the relevant information on a hand-held terminal. inseminations are transferred to the ICBA database, via the
On the remaining 30% of cows, the farmer manually terminals.
records milk yield (B4 method) and sends the information to
the central computer. For all milk-recorded cows, a monthly National Service for Udder Health and Milk Quality –
sample of milk is sent to the Central Milk Laboratory. The “Udder Health” database is located on the Israel Dairy
24
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
Board server, and is regularly updated with information on The farmer enters data on calvings, cows that are “dried
all cows included in the DHI system. Bacterial cultures are off”, new acquisitions, culled cows, veterinary pregnancy
matched to other information of the cow; including days check results, diagnostic codes, veterinary treatments, etc.
in milk, SCC, milk yields, milking status, and calving dates. Once a month all information is transferred to the Herdbook
Results are sent to the farmer and the veterinarian, and database, and a series of logical checks is applied to correct
merged into the ICBA database. mistakes. Farmers that do not use a computer management
program send paper reports that are manually entered into
Processing plants – Samples of all milk supplied to dairy the central database.
processing plants in Israel is assayed for fat, protein, lactose,
and SCC. For each shipment, the dairies send the farmer Reports
a summary including the milk quantity shipped, fat and
protein content, and SCC of the milk. This information is Genetic evaluations of bulls and cows are computed bi-
transferred to the ICBA database. Once a month the dairies annually in conjunction with the Department of Genetics of
send each farmer and the ICBA a summary of marketed milk the Institute of Animal Sciences of the Agricultural Research
volume and payment details. Organization. Results are distributed to the farmers,
forwarded to Interbull, and published on the ICBA Hebrew
Interbull – Every three months a file of genetic evaluations Internet site (www.icba.org.il) that includes an FTP server.
of all recorded bulls in the participating countries is Files including data on cow birth, calving and culling dates,
forwarded by Interbull. Information of bulls whose milk yields and laboratory results are sent to the “Udder
semen has been imported to Israel, but do not have Health” laboratory. Files including data on cow birth,
local evaluations, is updated automatically at the central calving and culling dates, results of pregnancy checks and
computer, and this information is distributed electronically to genetic evaluations, including the Interbull evaluations are
the farmers. sent to Sion A.I. company. Milk recording results, records
of the milk shipments to the dairies, results of bacterial
Farms – Approximately 80% of the cows registered on the analyses from the “Udder Health” laboratories, and genetic
DHI are located at farms that use a management computer evaluations, including the Interbull evaluations, are sent to
program. About 90% of those farms use the “NOA” the dairy farms. Monthly summaries are forwarded to the
program that was developed and is maintained by the ICBA. Ministry of Agriculture extension advisors, feed centers,
and regional dairy farmers associations. Files including milk
recording results, diagnostic codes, and treatments are sent
to the “HaChaklait” veterinary cooperative.
Summary
The Israel Cattle Breeders Association database is the hub
for all information on dairy farming in Israel. All data are
subject to logical checks, so that the dairy farmer and
other end-users receive accurate and reliable information.
The intensive computer application in Israeli dairy farming
enables all of the entities involved to access the large
database at a relatively low cost.
25
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
➤
Calving year No. of cows Milk, kg Fat, % Protein, %
Table 3.1 & Fig. 3.1
Production averages 1995 83,696 10,665 3.20 2.99
of Israeli-Holstein 1996 81,477 10,665 3.26 3.02
cows, by calving year 1997 81,507 10,887 3.33 3.07
305-day adjusted 1998 82,004 10,850 3.31 3.08
lactations (1-5)
1999 81,742 11,029 3.33 3.08
2000 81,622 11,048 3.37 3.08
2001 80,787 11,031 3.39 3.09
2002 86,554 10,890 3.48 3.11
2003 84,696 10,938 3.55 3.09
2004 84,694 11,200 3.54 3.08
2005 83,456 11,565 3.49 3.10
2006 77,334 11,506 3.52 3.14
2007 80,874 11,687 3.52 3.15
Milk 11,750 3.60
Milk (kg)
Fat & Protein (% / kg)
Fat (%)
11,500 3.50
Protein (%)
11,250 3.40
11,000 3.30
10,750 3.20
10,500 3.10
10,250 3.00
10,000 2.90
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
Due to a policy which encouraged the consumption, for the consumers preference
production of milk rich with protein and fat is low-fat milk products. Thus arose a need
there was an increase in their quantity over to suppress the growth in fat content.
the years. The average fat content during Starting August 2005 a policy of lower
2007 was 3.70% (in 2006 – 3.66%). The payment per fat above a specific level every
rise in fat content in raw milk is opposite year (in 2007 the level was 3.9% per year)
to the decline in average fat content in caused a decline in fat content.
26
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
➤
Table 3.2 1st lactation 2nd lactation Adult
Production averages cows cows cows Total
in 2007, by parity Complete lactations
number No. 23,778 17,300 24,426 65,504
Milk yield, kg 11,253 13,048 13,450 12,546
ECM* yield, kg 11,622 13,290 13,458 12,747
Fat yield, kg 418.1 470.9 477.7 454.3
Fat, % 3.71 3.61 3.55 3.62
Protein yield, kg 365.8 419.3 422.7 401.2
Protein, % 3.25 3.21 3.14 3.2
Adjusted 305-d lactations
No. 22,922 16,735 23,584 63,241
305-d adjusted ECM, kg 11,574 11,961 11,809 11,764
Days in milk 362 356 353 357
Milk yield, kg/day in milk 31.1 36.7 38.1 35.1
Feed days 424 418 416 419
ECM yield, kg/cow in herd-day 27.4 31.8 32.3 30.4
Dry period, days 61 62 63 62
Days open 148 141 140 143
Calvings
Total No. of calvings 32,053 23,565 40,360 95,978
Calves born 32,429 24,529 43,391 100,349
Age at calving, months 24 38 66 45
Normal calvings 28,271 22,281 38,154 88,706
Normal calvings, % 88.2 94.6 94.5 92.4
Premature calvings 708 508 808 2024
Premature calvings, % 2.2 2.2 2 2.1
Abortions, % 11.6 12.2 10.8 11.4
Stillborn calves, % 8.6 5.8 7.3 7.3
* ECM = Economic Corrected Milk, according to the formula for milk payment:
up to 3.779% Milk Fat: 0.1 * kg Milk + 7.67 * kg Fat + 20.21 * kg Protein
over 3.779% Milk Fat, the index for kg Fat is 3.56
27
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
➤
No. of
Table 3.3
ECM Milk Fat Protein F+P SCC cows
20 cooperative herds
No. Herd kg kg % % kg x1000 in herd
with highest average
1 Habonim 14,137 13,777 3.60 3.25 942 239 219
annual milk yield per
cow (3x milkings) in 2 Carmiya 13,817 13,644 3.59 3.19 923 225 329
2007 3 Alumim 13,762 13,378 3.65 3.24 921 189 286
4 Shutfut Ran 13,751 13,530 3.51 3.23 911 136 904
5 Sa’ad 13,574 12,986 3.63 3.33 903 239 278
6 Yavne 13,544 13,259 3.64 3.21 907 124 378
7 Nachal Oz 13,497 13,168 3.63 3.23 902 109 301
8 Carmel Ma’on 13,449 13,130 3.56 3.26 893 195 411
9 Nitzanim 13,245 13,044 3.56 3.21 882 186 291
10 Yad Chail 13,216 12,923 3.51 3.26 875 195 520
11 Givat Hayim Ijud 13,180 12,998 3.57 3.20 879 137 330
12 Migdal Oz 13,169 12,843 3.60 3.24 878 205 242
13 Ginosar 13,056 13,256 3.44 3.10 866 175 245
14 Ma’ale Gilboa 12,963 13,184 3.35 3.13 853 208 253
15 Maccabi-Hanaton 12,936 12,782 3.57 3.19 863 211 477
16 Tze’elim 12,914 12,684 3.61 3.20 863 204 273
17 Devir 12,871 12,638 3.58 3.22 858 205 288
18 Horshim 12,854 12,727 3.51 3.20 853 247 243
19 Neve Harif 12,835 12,701 3.54 3.19 854 181 231
20 Revadim 12,794 12,425 3.56 3.28 849 203 264
28
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
Table 3.4
20 Family herds
with highest average
annual milk yield
per cow (2x + 3x
milkings) in 2007
No. of
ECM Milk Fat Protein F+P SCC cows
No. Village Herd kg kg % % kg x1000 in herd
1 Neot Golan Cohen Farm 13,133 12,923 3.72 3.16 887 231 36
2 Givat Yoav Efrat Farm 12,955 12,631 3.73 3.19 874 138 43
3 Kanaf Koren Farm 12,903 12,765 3.71 3.13 872 75 27
4 Talmei Yeji’el Feibish Farm 12,882 12,653 3.54 3.23 856 243 47
5 Kfar Haro’eh Peleg Farm 12,744 12,241 3.75 3.27 858 115 90
6 Be’er Tuvia Botzlin Farm 12,698 12,663 3.62 3.12 853 121 96
7 Ramat Tzvi Landau Farm 12,686 12,988 3.32 3.11 834 168 67
8 Havat HaShkafim Havat HaShkafim 12,629 12,536 3.52 3.19 839 130 105
9 Neot Golan Refet Association 12,588 12,355 3.78 3.14 854 279 101
10 Nir Israel Fodor Farm 12,562 12,329 3.53 3.24 833 188 196
11 Amatz Sahar Farm 12,505 12,123 3.67 3.24 838 288 71
12 Sde Ya’akov Baranawski Farm 12,485 12,085 3.60 3.28 831 186 128
13 Kefar Vitkin Preker Farm 12,471 12,301 3.76 3.13 846 225 41
14 Avni Eitan Nissan Farm 12,436 12,221 3.78 3.14 844 182 71
15 Be’er Tuvia Golan Farm 12,432 12,223 3.62 3.20 832 151 151
16 Shfeyia Ag. School Shfeyia Ag. School 12,408 11,786 3.76 3.32 833 195 71
17 Nir Banim Strashnov Farm 12,405 12,104 3.70 3.20 835 196 85
18 Beit Hilkyia Duvdevani Farm 12,404 12,411 3.46 3.17 821 258 142
19 Tzipori Shmueli Bros. Farm 12,393 12,187 3.68 3.17 834 143 142
20 Beit Shearim Marmor Farm 12,342 11,677 3.59 3.41 816 233 56
* x3 milkings/day
29
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
➤
Table 3.5 Cow Lact. Milk Fat Protein ECM
20 cows with highest No. Herd No. Sire No. kg % % kg
adjusted ECM yield in 1 Shutfut Ran 6642 Marcie 1 16,632 4.00 3.53 18,419
2007 2 Givat Hayim Ijud 2476 Torpedo 1 17,711 3.66 3.22 18,165
3 Refet Ma’ale 8447 Mo’ed 4 18,060 3.41 3.21 18,143
4 Shutfut Ran 5820 Sus 3 18,519 3.53 3.02 18,090
5 Shutfut Ran 6596 Avsha 1 17,822 3.56 3.17 17,968
6 Shutfut Ran 6561 Lidar 1 17,345 3.64 3.25 17,883
7 Carmiya 5792 Coopi 4 16,960 3.78 3.27 17,747
8 Habonim 5533 Avsha 3 18,713 3.15 3.00 17,638
9 Refet Galil Ma’aravi 7935 Torpedo 4 17,086 3.74 3.21 17,619
10 Shutfut Ran 5702 Avsha 3 17,439 3.81 3.09 17,613
11 Refet Ma’ale 5089 Sod 4 17,728 3.57 3.07 17,545
12 Migdal Oz 6234 Roliez 3 17,738 3.61 3.05 17,541
13 Habonim 5561 Sefel 3 18,336 3.07 3.09 17,510
14 Shutfut Ran 6202 Poretz 2 16,632 3.91 3.28 17,501
15 Habonim 5587 Madar 2 16,254 3.77 3.41 17,442
16 Shutfut Ran 5725 Avsha 3 18,525 3.55 2.84 17,429
17 Raichin Farm 261 Avsha 1 17,489 3.04 3.30 17,406
18 Alumim 530 Safkan 2 17,231 4.20 3.00 17,388
19 Sa’ad 4983 Avsha 2 17,400 3.88 3.01 17,370
20 Carmel-Ma’on 2729 Meidan 3 18,338 3.40 2.93 17,365
30
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
Average
Cow Lact. Days Milk milk yield Fat Protein Culling
No. Herd No. Sire No. in milk kg kg/day % % date
1 Ma’ale Gilboa 6492 Lasso 13 4,934 197,167 40.0 3.27 2.87
2 Maoz Hayim 4616 Ginat 12 4,041 172,122 42.6 3.34 2.81
3 Ma’ale Gilboa 6817 Boteach 9 4,039 161,963 40.1 3.33 3.15
4 Ein Charod Ijud 1201 Amzar 11 3,870 160,593 41.5 3.43 2.83 26/07/07
5 Alumim 1299 Tamim 9 3,743 156,635 41.9 3.46 3.02 09/10/07
6 Strashnov Farm 295 Tamim 10 3,670 151,381 41.3 2.83 2.74
7 Shluchot 4131 Bosna 14 4,026 151,223 37.6 3.25 2.87
8 Efrat Farm 4132 Boteach 11 3,554 148,255 41.7 3.65 3.05
9 Refet Hanegev 5572 Lime 8 3,107 148,015 47.6 3.61 3.05 21/06/07
10 Refet Tefen-Tuval 998 Bum 10 3,531 147,901 41.9 3.10 3.08
11 Gazit 3044 Ginat 12 3,892 145,613 37.4 3.09 2.86 20/06/07
12 Ma’ale Gilboa 7131 Sport 9 3,278 143,032 43.6 3.18 2.98
13 Israel Yair 963 Sir 11 3,456 142,597 41.3 3.70 3.04
14 Yagur 9449 Pitzpon 12 3,807 142,031 37.3 3.27 3.04 04/06/07
15 Neveh Eitan 7057 Mefi 9 3,754 141,618 37.7 2.86 2.79 21/11/07
16 Yavneh 504 Boteach 11 3,633 140,084 38.6 3.59 3.24
17 Ma’ale Gilboa 6920 Bor 11 3,505 139,991 39.9 3.14 3.00 01/08/07
18 Ma’ale Gilboa 7169 Sir 8 3,118 139,748 44.8 2.89 2.98
19 Refet Darom 3586 Flor 10 3,463 138,771 40.1 3.75 3.06
20 Refet Ziv 499 Simbad 9 3,529 138,301 39.2 3.29 2.84 01/10/07
Table 3.6
20 cows with highest
lifetime yield,
producing in 2007
31
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
NOA – The Israeli Dairy Herd Management Program
Boa z Ha noc hi Product Manager of NOA Software, ICBA ► hmb-hboaz@icba.org.il
NOA is a comprehensive program for dairy herd • Quota production planning – Special interactive module
management which was developed by the Israel Cattle for better managing of the milk quota production along
Breeders Association (ICBA). NOA addresses all aspects of the year. Simulation of the herd milk production on a
dairy farming. NOA has been designed to give the herd monthly level, with a sophisticated prediction algorithm.
manager up-dated information regarding all aspects of dairy The prediction is based on the herd performance in the
activity. last 2 years.
• Lactation curve analysis – Special report for analyzing
Major features of NOA the periodic lactation curve of the entire milking
• Herd management – Updating of lactation, production cows. Seasonal production is also analyzed and the
and reproduction events. Cows entry (acquisition), effectiveness of the cooling system can be evaluated
culling and moving between groups within the herd. by this report. Graphic presentation of the lactation
Veterinary data: input of diagnosis, treatments, curve is provided for each lactation number separately.
medications and automatic synchronization protocols. Production level ratio of first lactation cows to second
• Feeding – Linear programming and ration composition, and third lactation cows is calculated.
feed production and TMR planning, stock management
and stock reports. Communication with feeding
controllers. Complete tracking and monitoring of feed
consumption.
• Milk production – Milk marketing updating, milk
recording and summary reports including lactation
summaries. Communication with different brands and
types of commercial milk-meters (on-line milk data).
• Reproduction – All the Herdbook reproduction
parameters are available in NOA. Simple predesigned
reports give a reliable updated picture of the
reproduction status and trends to the dairy farmer.
Numerous reproduction indicators are calculated: days
open, pregnancy rate, heat detection rate, conception
rate, waste days, etc.
• Genetic management – Graphical presentation of cows
and bulls pedigree data. Mating program is implemented
to optimize the breeding value progress of the herd
and to minimize the risk of inbreeding. Simple tools to
implement breeding program according to particular
herd goals.
32
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
• Economic module – New module that was released in Each month new dairy farms install the program and the
the 2008 version gives the farmer the opportunity to total number of cows which are managed under NOA
record all the financial transactions including delivery software in Israel is nearly 80,000.
notes and invoices. Dynamic profit and loss report can NOA interfaces with all aspects of dairy production control,
be easily derived. This module gives the dairy farmer an including milking robots and feeding controllers.
efficient tool for better controlling current management. For the first time, comprehensive dairy farm management is
• Additional features – Shared database (network), possible with a single integrative and user-friendly program.
powerful report generator, PDA application for pocket The program is maintained by an ICBA professional team
pc (IPAQ-HP) that includes all cows’ data. that includes experienced field advisers, phone support for
software users and programmers. Communication between
NOA coordinates import and export of files to the national the dairy farm computer and the national Herdbook
Herdbook database, dairy processing plants, central milk database is carried out via an Internet website maintained
laboratory, livestock insurance companies, “Udder Health” by ICBA. Numerous dairy farmers and entities in the dairy
laboratory, feed mills, and others. industry are connected via the “Milk net”, which facilitates
NOA uses a Windows user interface and is user-friendly, two-way interactive exchanges and provides E-mail, a
despite its complexity and sophistication. The program was bulletin board and other services.
developed by top Israeli dairy herd professionals in order to International cooperation – ICBA cooperate with DeLaval
meet the needs of both small and large dairy enterprises. Company globally. In the coming year’s dairy farmers
NOA was introduced in Israel in April, 2000. Today, nearly around the world will be able to utilize many of the features
600 dairy farms use the program, including 98% percent of of NOA system.
all dairy farms with over 250 dairy cows.
33
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
The Israeli Selection Index
Ep hr a i m E z r a Herdbook Manager, ICBA ► hmb-efraim@icba.org.il
Joe l I . We l l e r Institute of Animal Sciences, Dept. of Genetics, A.R.O. ► weller@agri.huji.ac.il
The Israeli breeding program is monitored by the Israeli of those traits relative to milk production. The current Index
Breeding and Herdbook Committee, which includes PD07 was updated in December 2006 and is as follows:
representatives of the Sion A.I. Company, the Israel Cattle
Breeders Association, and scientists of the Department PD07 = 6.3 (kg Fat) + 25.4 (kg Protein) – 300 (SCS) + 26
of Genetics of the Institute of Animal Sciences of the (% Daughters’ Fertility) + 0.6 (Days Herdlife) + 10% (%
Agricultural Research Organization. Persistency) – 3 (% Dystocia) – 6 (% Calf mortality)
PD07 – THE ISRAELI BREEDING INDEX Expected genetic gains after ten years of selection using this
index are: 725 kg milk, 26.5 kg fat, 26.5 kg protein, - 0.14
Index coefficients for Milk, Fat, and Protein were computed SCS, 1.7 % daughters’ fertility, 150 days herdlife, 2.4 %
to maximize expected farmer profit. Profit was computed persistency, -1.2 % dystocia, and -1.0 % calf mortality.
as income, less cost of feed required to produce the three
milk components, transportation costs for fluid milk, and the Genetic evaluations for milk, fat and protein production,
fixed costs per cow, which were set so that the net profit SCS, daughters’ fertility and persistency are calculated by
would equal zero. The index coefficients were computed the multitrait animal model, using parities 1 to 5, with each
by differentiating the profit equation with respect to each parity considered as a separate trait. Herdlife is calculated
component. The index coefficients were normalized so that by a single trait animal model. “Persistency” is persistency
one standard kg of milk with 3.50% Fat and 3.13% Protein, of milk production. Dystocia and calf mortality refer to
would have a unit value. The index coefficient for somatic the effect of the cow calving and include only first parity
cell score (SCS) was computed so that expected changes records. Dystocia and calf mortality are calculated by sire
for SCC would be close to zero. The index coefficients for and maternal grandsire models. The base for all genetic
daughters’ fertility, herdlife, persistency, dystocia, and calf evaluations is the mean breeding value for cows born in
mortality were computed to account for the economic value 2000.
34
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Israeli Breeding in 2007
Yoe l Ze r on Director of Science and Production, Sion A.I. Company ► yoel@sion-israel.com
The increased demand for milk in 2007 brought Israeli 2007 2006
dairy farmers to lower the culling rate from 35% to 24%.
No. of Inseminations 351,989 327,230
As a result of that, the total number of cows grew and –
Disqualifications 61,149 56,022
consequently – also the number of inseminations performed
Imported semen
by the Sion Company increased. The Israeli dairy farmer
% of total No.
continues considering the local proven bulls as a reliable and
No. of doses of inseminations
dependable source for inseminating the herd. All in all, the
BREED 2007 2006 2007 2006
extent of inseminations performed with imported semen
Holstein 10,150 9,889 2.9 3.0
remains similar to that of past years.
Charolais 6,196 17,200 1.8 5.3
Belgian Blue 4,131 917 1.2 0.3
Inseminations
NRF 3,064 2,008 0.9 0.6
Fig.1 displays the percentage of inseminations according
Other breeds 1,115 1,484 0.3 0.5
to insemination number. In comparison to 2006, the
Total 24,656 31,498 7.1 9.7
percentage of repeated inseminations has increased.
Table 1
In 2007, the number of inseminations at Sion reached a
Total number of inseminations and disqualifications during the past two
total of 352,000, signifying an increase of 7.5% compared years and use of imported semen by breed. Disqualifications are cases in
to the number registered in 2006. Table 1 shows the overall which the farmers wanted to inseminate the cow, but after being checked by
the inseminators, it was decided not to perform the insemination.
inseminations and disqualifications during the past two years
and explains the use of imported semen. There was a 2.6%
decline in the use of imported semen between 2006 and
2007, mainly as a decrease in the demand for beef cattle
semen. Charolais semen was used for approximately 5%
in 2006, compared with just 2% in 2007. In contrast, the
use of Belgian Blue semen increased slightly. The number of
imported Holstein semen doses has remained constant at
about 3% during the past two years. The imported semen is
used primarily for the heifer population.
35 32.2
Inseminations %
30
25
20 18.9
14.8
15 11.8
10 7.7
5.1
5 3.4 2.2 1.4 0.9 0.6
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
disqualification
Inseminations number
Fig 1
Distribution (% of total) of inseminations by insemination number
35
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Young Bulls Laboratory and Semen Production
This year was used the semen from 52 young bulls born in At Sion’s main site approx. 190 bulls are kept, and they are
2005 and 2006, of which 17 were considered as promising- divided into three primary age groups: young, tested and
young ones. Over the years, a sense of trust has developed proven bulls. The majority of the bulls mount twice a week
between breeders and dairy farmers. Young bulls performed but some of them do it four times a week. Those are bulls
a large part of the total number of inseminations – around which are popularly requested, or those for which a large
30%- and their semen is paid at the same price as proven semen bank -40,000 straws- is under preparation. The total
bulls’. The percentage of young bulls who return after production of our laboratory in 2007 was approx. 1,360,000
progeny testing remains at 10%, but it is 30-40% among doses. The average number of bulls mounting each month
those that were considered as promising-young bulls. In was 54. The group of mounting bulls primarily comprises
fact, about 45% of the bulls on the proven bull’s present bulls aged up to 2.5 years (young and tested bulls), which
list, were -at their time- promising-young bulls. Many Israeli produce an average of 250 doses per mount. Thus, an
dairy farms use mating programs, in which the default average of 160 mounts is required to produce the 40,000
choice is that young bulls will inseminate 1st calvers. doses storaged at the bank, a process that is completed in
about 1.5 years.
36
PART 3 The Israeli Dairy Industry
Table 3.7
Average Breeding
Value of cows, by
birth year – Genetic
Trends
Birth Milk Fat Fat Protein Protein Daughters’ Productive Calf Calving Lactation PD07
Year kg kg % kg % SCS Fertility Longevity Mortality Diff. Persist. % kg
1986 -730 -33.7 -0.08 -35.4 -0.12 0.00 -0.16 -238 -0.19 0.58 -3.14 -1289
1987 -668 -33.7 -0.10 -33.9 -0.13 0.04 -0.70 -223 -0.45 0.26 -3.22 -1267
1988 -535 -33.0 -0.13 -31.7 -0.14 0.11 -0.60 -198 -0.60 -0.14 -2.55 -1200
1989 -414 -31.4 -0.16 -29.4 -0.15 0.14 -0.63 -173 -0.44 -0.65 -2.09 -1122
1990 -279 -28.2 -0.17 -27.8 -0.18 0.13 -0.65 -150 0.00 -0.54 -2.01 -1049
1991 -219 -23.1 -0.14 -23.9 -0.16 0.15 -0.33 -138 0.76 0.00 -1.73 -914
1992 -140 -18.3 -0.12 -19.8 -0.14 0.18 0.16 -97 1.41 0.80 -1.54 -753
1993 -114 -17.2 -0.12 -17.8 -0.13 0.25 -0.18 -99 1.35 1.53 -0.83 -720
1994 -117 -15.9 -0.11 -15.0 -0.10 0.23 -0.67 -92 1.60 1.30 -0.62 -641
1995 -154 -13.0 -0.07 -13.8 -0.08 0.19 -0.38 -85 1.34 1.48 -0.82 -571
1996 -81 -10.7 -0.07 -10.5 -0.07 0.13 -0.14 -54 1.37 1.23 -0.33 -425
1997 -62 -6.9 -0.04 -8.1 -0.05 0.09 0.22 -32 1.13 1.27 -0.56 -304
1998 -45 -6.5 -0.04 -5.5 -0.04 0.06 0.76 -5 1.21 1.02 -0.25 -196
1999 -19 -4.0 -0.03 -3.3 -0.02 0.01 0.28 -6 1.10 1.10 -0.20 -120
2000 0 0.0 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 1.05 1.40 0.00 -11
2001 58 2.9 0.01 2.8 0.01 0.01 -0.26 18 0.79 1.39 0.51 85
2002 75 4.7 0.02 3.3 0.01 0.01 0.44 36 0.47 1.33 0.42 141
2003 106 8.5 0.05 5.8 0.03 -0.03 0.63 41 0.11 1.68 0.35 248
2004 59 13.0 0.10 6.8 0.05 -0.08 0.47 39 -0.06 1.55 0.62 314
2005 151 19.4 0.13 10.9 0.06 -0.11 1.36 75 0.01 1.61 0.94 514
37
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
600
Average Breeding Value of cows
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
-1,000
-1,200
-1,400
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fig. 3.2
Average Breeding Value of cows for PD07 and Milk,
by birth year – Genetic Trends
Milk
PD07
0.40
Average Breeding Value of cows
0.10
0.07
0.04
0.01
0
-0.02
-0.05
-0.08
-0.11
-0.14
-0.17
-0.20
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
Fig. 3.3
Average Breeding Value of cows for Fat and Protein
percentages, by birth year – Genetic Trends
Fat %
Protein %
38
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
Table 3.8
Average Breeding
Value of bulls, by
birth year
Birth Number Milk Fat Fat Protein Protein Daughters’ Productive
year of bulls kg kg % kg % SCS Fertility Longevity PD07
1981 32 -421 -21.1 -0.06 -19.3 -0.06 0.04 0.05 -153 -757
1982 60 -439 -18.0 -0.02 -19.1 -0.05 0.06 -0.03 -172 -754
1983 19 -239 -14.8 -0.06 -16.2 -0.08 0.01 0.29 -101 -575
1984 39 -394 -17.1 -0.03 -19.2 -0.07 0.05 -0.20 -134 -718
1985 39 -388 -14.4 -0.01 -18.2 -0.06 0.07 -0.12 -139 -684
1986 31 -303 -14.0 -0.03 -16.1 -0.06 0.16 -0.36 -122 -652
1987 38 -258 -14.4 -0.05 -12.5 -0.04 0.16 -0.20 -108 -546
1988 48 -183 -10.4 -0.04 -11.9 -0.06 0.04 -0.62 -91 -477
1989 33 -110 -7.7 -0.03 -10.9 -0.07 0.05 0.00 -74 -411
1990 31 -144 -8.8 -0.03 -11.1 -0.06 0.04 0.54 -80 -414
1991 41 -23 -6.9 -0.05 -5.4 -0.04 0.15 -0.20 -67 -293
1992 42 -187 -5.7 0.01 -6.6 -0.01 0.13 -0.74 -79 -342
1993 53 -216 -7.8 0.00 -7.7 -0.01 0.13 0.00 -52 -340
1994 46 -115 -5.6 -0.01 -4.4 -0.01 0.08 -1.05 -62 -263
1995 38 -42 2.6 0.04 -0.4 0.01 0.10 -0.64 -44 -88
1996 53 -146 -1.1 0.04 -2.5 0.02 0.13 -1.05 -54 -191
1997 31 -130 0.8 0.05 0.3 0.04 -0.03 0.27 -27 -5
1998 57 27 5.1 0.04 5.0 0.04 0.04 -1.06 -23 93
1999 22 -22 -0.1 0.01 2.2 0.03 0.04 0.13 -11 22
2000 28 -79 4.3 0.07 3.0 0.05 -0.05 0.01 -15 89
2001 44 120 6.2 0.02 5.8 0.02 0.10 -0.12 12 152
2002 21 108 11.0 0.1 7.1 0.04 -0.02 0.13 26 254
2003 17 84 5.5 0.0 6.5 0.04 -0.02 -0.12 33 208
39
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
➤
Table 3.9 No. of
Bulls that performed Bull No. Bull name Sire inseminations
largest number 3274 Scorer Thonyma Secret 199,204
of inseminations 829 Gyus Oren 198,997
(all years) 2132 Gaby Arlinda Jet Stream 181,527
783 Pirchach Hason 160,375
3651 Avsha Sea-Mist Bell Extra 149,779
3212 Sinbad Sunran Sundacer 145,711
2124 Shoeg Shofet 128,094
787 Amir Icar 119,631
3258 Shenef Pony 115,990
2357 Flor E-Z-Acres Starlite Bachelor 114,112
3241 Teva Kingstead Valiant Tab 111,922
3089 Pitspon Gyus 111,182
3123 Tamim Crescent Mead Chief Stewart 110,645
3811 Sofon Sccorer 110,276
3080 Pirate Sabal 110,058
2122 Shats Shofet 110,046
3304 Goopi Goliat 108,771
2176 Genosar Gyus 103,848
2278 Mefi Marshfield Elevation Tony 98,673
930 Amit Senator 95,782
40
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
Fertility Statistics
Information on insemination and pregnancy the basis for practical decisions regarding
checks enable a thorough analysis of fertility management.
fertility performance at national and herd Data is presented as average results by
level. Reports are issued to farmers and are parity categories.
➤
Conception Rate at 1st service (%)
Table 3.10 & Fig. 3.4
Average Conception Year Heifers 1st Lact. cows Adult cows
Rate at 1st service, 1994 65.6 42.6 34.7
for Heifers, 1st Lact. 1995 65.1 44.7 36.8
cows and Adult cows 1996 64.6 44.2 36.9
(all herds), by years
1997 62.7 43.9 35.7
1998 59.6 40.4 33.2
1999 63.3 43.1 36.7
2000 63.2 44.5 37.4
2001 63.9 44.0 37.1
2002 63.8 43.0 36.1
2003 64.6 43.0 36.4
2004 65.9 43.0 35.6
2005 64.2 40.7 32.6
2006 64.3 41.2 33.3
2007 64.3 40.9 33.0
Heifers 70
Conception Rate (%)
1st Lact. cows 65
Adult Cows 60
55
50
45
40
35
30
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
41
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
➤
Table 3.11 Number of heifers and Conception Rate, by age at 1st service
Fertility summary N % of total C.R. (%)
for heifers, all herds < 13 months 30.2 64.9
(period: 14-15 months 59.0 64.3
11/06 – 10/07) 16-17 months 9.3 63.2
18-23 months 1.5 61.0
Total 100 64.3
Number of heifers and Conception Rate, by insemination number
N % of total C.R. (%)
First inseminations 33,210 64.3
Second inseminations 12,353 55.3
Third inseminations 5,542 48.5
Fourth + more inseminations 5,649 32.0
Total of inseminations 56,754 57.6
Heat detection
Distribution of cycles length (days):
5 - 17 856 4.8
18 - 15 11,155 64.1
16 - 35 1,083 6.6
36 - 60 4,169 24.4
Total of natural cycles 17,263 89.5
Induced cycles 2,016 10.5
Average days between inseminations 27
Rejections by inseminator 16.9
Preg.checks with negative results 11.7
Distribution of heifers by age at pregnancy onset
<13 months 6,774 21.0
14-15 months 17,288 53.7
16-17 months 5,715 17.7
18-19 months 1,783 5.5
20-21 months 638 2.0
Average age at effective insem. (mo) 15.3
42
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
➤
Table 3.12 Number of first-calvers and Conception Rate, by days post-partum at 1st service
Fertility summary for N % of total C.R. (%)
first-calvers, all herds < 70 days 12.2 38.9
(period: 71 - 100 days 58.8 43.1
11/06 -10/07) 101 - 130 days 24.5 39.2
131 - 150 days 4.5 33.1
Total 100 40.9
Number of first-calvers and Conception Rate, by insemination number
N % of total C.R. (%)
First inseminations 28,625 40.9
Second inseminations 17,211 36.5
Third inseminations 11,084 33.9
Fourth + more inseminations 20,258 28.5
Total of inseminations 77,178 35.6
Heat detection
Distribution of cycles length (days):
5 - 17 1,840 5.1
18 - 15 22,249 62.2
16 - 35 4,058 11.3
36 - 60 7,618 21.3
Total of natural cycles 35,765 89.8
Induced cycles 4,072 10.2
Average days between inseminations 27
Rejections by inseminator 13.6
Preg.checks with negative results 24.3
Distribution of first-calvers, by days post-partum at effective insemination
< 75 days 2,131 8.7
76 - 110 days 9,347 38.2
111 - 150 days 5,895 24.1
151 - 180 days 2,805 11.5
181 - 270 days 4,314 17.6
Average Open days 129
43
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
11,500 45
Conception Rate (%)
Milk Yield (kg/cow/year)
Fig. 3.5 11,250
Average Milk Yield
11,000
and Conception Rate 40
at 1st service, for 10,750
adult cows, between
10,500
1994 – 2007
10,250 35
Conception Rate at
1st service 10,000
Milk Yield 9,750
30
9,500
9,250
9,000 25
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
The main fertility management goal for milk production by 1,923 kgs, without
the farmer, is to have cows and heifers noticeable deterioration of fertility
conceiving at the time the farmers performance, as evaluated by Pregnancy
intends them to, so that calvings will Rate at 1st service. This value has remained
occur according to a projected production quite constant (38.2%) during those years.
schedule. The lowest value (35.9%, in 1998) was the
Many studies in recent years have warned result of a very hot summer season, which
against the association between increasing significantly affected Pregnancy Rate. In the
levels of milk production and low fertility last three years a slight decline in fertility
performance. has been registered.
Fig. 3.5 shows that between 1991 and
2007 the Israeli cow has raised its average
44
PART 3 T h e Is r a e li Herdbook
➤
Table 3.13 Number of Cows and Conception Rate, by days post-partum at 1st service
Fertility summary for N % of total C.R. (%)
adult cows, all herds < 50 days 0.7 21.5
(period: 51 - 80 days 44.9 32.7
11/06 - 10/07) 81 - 110 days 43.0 33.5
111 - 150 days 11.4 32.6
Total 100 33.0
Number of Cows and Conception Rate, by insemination number
N % of total C.R. (%)
First inseminations 54,041 33.0
Second inseminations 36,466 33.6
Third inseminations 23,913 31.1
Fourth + more inseminations 42,028 26.6
Total of inseminations 156,448 31.1
Heat detection
Distribution of cycles length (days):
5 - 17 5,627 7.5
18 - 15 43,704 57.9
16 - 35 10,047 13.3
36 - 60 16,121 21.4
Total of natural cycles 75,499 88.7
Induced cycles 9,632 11.3
Average days between inseminations 27
Rejections by inseminator 10.4
Preg.checks with negative results 28.6
Distribution of first-calvers, by days post-partum at effective insemination
< 75 days 5,479 12.4
76 - 110 days 14,910 33.8
111 - 150 days 10,797 24.5
151-180 days 5,221 11.8
181-270 days 7,705 17.5
Average Open days 128
45
PART 3 T h e Is r a el i Herdbook
Hachaklait Veterinary Services
Written by Dr. Nadav Galon, Chief Veterinarian
The Beginning Department of Herd Health
Hachaklait was established back in 1919 by a handful of enthusiastic Hachaklait Department of Herd Health produces a monthly and an
pioneer farmers. The vision they had was to combine a mutual annual herd report for each computer- managed farm, monitoring
insurance policy with comprehensive veterinary medicine. The and analyzing its production, reproduction and economical
initial motive was to protect valuable cattle, which were imported performance. Our herd health experts meet with the manager and
into a hot land, burdened with disease. Hachaklait was founded as staff of every farm to present and discuss their findings and advise
a cooperative, which was owned and managed by the farmers for them regarding future improvements.
the benefit of the farmers. The veterinarians were contracted as the
employees of the cooperative. From its small beginning as a few Clinical Research Unit
farms around the Sea of Galilee, Hachaklait grew hand in hand with Hachaklait Clinical Research Unit functions as a CRO for national
the Israeli Food Animal Industry to encompass the entire country. and international companies. Additionally, the unit provides
epidemiological and statistical support to Hachaklait veterinarians
Our Mission involved in research projects.
Today, almost 90 years later, Hachaklait is still a strong and thriving
unique organization both in size and philosophy, in the veterinary Drugs
world. Hachaklait is a farmer cooperative, still owned and managed Since almost all veterinary drugs in Israel are imported, Hachaklait
by the farmers for their benefit. Our basic goal is to give our handles registration, importation and distribution of a wide range
clients the best veterinary service at a reasonable cost. Each farm of drugs, vaccinations and equipment. In order to perform this task,
pays a yearly fixed rate per animal in order to cover all routine and Hachaklait operates a large and modern central drug warehouse.
emergency medical needs. Thus, Hachaklait has a long term and Being the dominant drug buyer in the country and one of the largest
stable contract with the farm, and is committed to the well being of veterinary groups in the world, we can offer our clients drugs at very
the animals, and the sound economy of the farm. competitive wholesale prices. In addition, drugs are sold without
any surcharge. We advocate for low and rational drug use and the
The Services prevention of drug residues from entering into the food chain.
Hachaklait believes in intensive service at all levels: sick individual Hachaklait strongly believes that its intensive farm visits routine and
cows, herd health, prevention and control of infectious and herd-monitoring activities reduce our clients’ drug use, drug costs
production diseases, as well as food safety and animal welfare. Our and increase their product safety.
vets visit each farm two to three times a week, and each cow receives
several routine visits per lactation, to make sure she is producing at Our Affiliations
maximal efficiency. All the cows are checked after calving for both Hachaklait Head Office and its Chief Vet keep close ties and work
clinical and sub clinical diseases, for reproductive status and before relations with the following bodies: The Milk Board, the Israeli
drying up. All the data from each individual cow is collected at the Cattle Breeders Association, the National Herd Book, Sion (the
farm and processed by Hachaklait. Hachaklait has its own clinical Israeli A.I. company), the Milk Quality and Udder Health Lab, The
research unit to perform clinical field trials in collaboration with National Veterinary Services and the Kimron Veterinary Institute,
local as well as international companies and research bodies. the Koret Vet School of the Hebrew University, the Ministry
of Agriculture Extension Service and some other international
Clientele organizations including the WAB.
Hachaklait serves more than 800 dairy farms with over 90,000 Hachaklait promotes various means of continuing education for our
milking cows, which comprise about 80% of the dairy cattle vets and clients, in the form of conferences, meetings and formal
population in Israel. These are made up of 160 large Kibbutz herds studies, to keep them up-to-date with the vast changes in veterinary
and 650 smaller Moshav (family) dairy farms. There are some 60 knowledge.
beef herds with 20,000 dams and some 300 feedlots with 30,000
steers, as well as 200 sheep and goat farms.
Personnel Our Address:
Thirty-six of Hachaklait vets serve as district practitioners
throughout Israel. Hahaklait
Ten junior vets operate as relief (locum) for the district vets and for 38900 Caesaria Industrial Park, P.O.B. 3039
special tasks. Some of our vets operate part time as consultants for: Chkl333@netvision.net.il
Clinical nutrition, dermatology, parasitology, lameness, young stock, Tel: +972-4-6279610
ultrasonography, beef, feedlot and small ruminants. www.hachaklait.org.il
46
Israeli Company For Artificial Insemintion & Breeding Ltd
SION
HEAD OFFICE NORTH OFFICE
SOUTH OFFICE SARID 30099, ISRAEL
SHIKMIM 79800, ISRAEL
TEL. 972-4-6540142
TEL. 972-8-8592812/3
FAX. 972-8-8593381
BREEDING FAX. 972-4-6545486
E-MAIL: E-MAIL:
south@sion-israel.com ADVANTAGE north@sion-israel.com
www.sion-israel.com
The Leading Israeli Company
in Dairy Farming Technology
The Heart of a Dairyman
The Mind of a Manager
AfiLite Pedometer Plus AfiLab
Afimilk advanced technology gives you more....
And the more you get, the higher your profit
Professional support around the clock Afinilk, Kibbutz Afikim, 15148 Israel
Development of new products and applications Tel: 972-4-6754812, Fax: 972-4-6751862
for better results in the management of your farm market@afimilk.co.il | www.afimilk.com
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