Model Drive Business Process

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Model-Driven Business Process PlatformsDavid S. FrankelLead Standards Architect –Model Driven SystemsSAP LabsSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Economic Driver: The Innovation EconomyLast-generation value propositionApplications embody well-validated, accepted business processesNext-generation business realityInnovative business model and associated processes define an enterprise’s competitive advantageNot enough to have a great productMust also have a great business modelNot attractive to simply follow a business process defined elsewhereOutsourcing all but core business processesNeed flexibility in designing and executing innovative business processesCore business processesValue Chains /Value Networks for accessing mission-critical, non-core processesSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Business Process PlatformRaising the Abstraction Level of the Software PlatformOperating System /VMMachineDBMSNetwork SystemsTransactionSystemsBusinessProcess PlatformCustom businessprocesses & analyticsApplication PlatformTechnical PlatformMiddlewareReusable, Executable Enterprise Application ServicesComposite ApplicationsSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Composite App: Procure-to-Pay, Order-to-Cash, Manufacture-to-Inventory= InvokeSupply ChainPrice Look UpParts InventoryProductDescriptionsProduct-PriceOptimizerManufacturingPlanning & ProductionDavid Burdett, SAP LabsSeller’s AuctionCompositeSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Model Compilers and the Abstraction LevelApplication ModelCheckingAccountminBalance : Float<>Accountid : Stringbalance : Float<>Customerid : String<>1..*1+account1..*+customer1context PreferredChecking inv:--Cannot go below the minBalancebalance >= minBalanceSavingsAccount<>Model CompilationAbstraction GapLevel of AbstractionOperating System /VMMachineDBMSNetwork SystemsTransactionSystemsMiddlewareSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Model-Driven Tools Empowering the Business Process Expert (BPX)Operating System /VMMachineDBMSNetwork SystemsTransactionSystemsBusinessProcess PlatformTechnicalSoftware PlatformComposite ApplicationsAbstraction GapComposite Application ModelsModel CompilationBusiness Process ModelsDirect Model ExecutionMiddlewareApplication PlatformReusable, Executable Enterprise Application ServicesSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›This Will Not be an Easy TransitionThis jump in the platform abstraction level is more difficult than the last jump (middleware)Just as raising the abstraction level for development languages above 3GLs is more difficult than the last jump to 3GLsCrawl, Walk, RunProvide business value at every stepSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›As Service-Oriented BPPs Scale Up…Semantically thin specifications reach their limitsHow do you achieve semantic interoperability on top of syntactic interoperability?Do collaborating parties have a common understanding the contract of a service?You can’t rely on informal conversations among peopleThe parties might have different human languages as native tonguesHow do you find suitable services to compose? Suitable functional behaviorSuitable quality of service?Same for reusable business processesConfiguration/version/dependency management problems do not go awayThey can even get worseSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›A Metadata-Rich EnvironmentNeed a metadata-rich environment to assisthumans using the business process platformSpecifying ConstraintsService message/data types specified as precisely as possibleInvariantsService operations functional contract specified as precisely as possiblePreconditions and postconditions (more numerous than invariants)Using machine-readable, declarative constraint languagesWe’ve know how to do this for decades Also improves qualityAlso need to learn to specify QoS requirements and capabilities as precisely as possibleInferences identify candidates or flag potential problem combinationsLet the human decide what to doRecord what the human decidesShow the next human what the others decidedLearnSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›context PreferredChecking inv:--Cannot go below the minBalancebalance >= minBalanceCheckingAccount<>minBalance : MoneyAccount<>id : Stringbalance : MoneyCustomer<>socialSecurityNum : Stringname : Stringaddress : String1..n1+account1..n+customer1PreferredChecking<>{disjoint}Money<>SavingsAccount<>interestRate : DecimalDecimal<>Abstract Business Information Model: IT Viewpoint With an Invariant RuleInvariant rule expressed in UML’s Object Constraint Language (OCL).This invariant is independent of implementation technologySAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Formal Abstract Model of a Business ServiceWith Pre-conditions and Post-ConditionsFundsXFer<>XFerFromChecking(in fromAcct : CheckingAccount, in toAcct : SavingsAccount, in amount : Money) context FundsXFer::XFerFromChecking (fromAcct : CheckingAccount, toAcct : SavingsAccount amount : Money) : voidpre: --There must be sufficient funds in the checking account to support the transferfromAcct.balance >= amountpre:--The checking account and the savings account must belong to the same customerfromAccount.customer = toAcct.customerpost:--The balance of the checking account is reduced from its orginal amount by the amount of the transfer fromAcct.balance = fromAcct.balance@pre -amountpost:--The balance of the savings account is increased from its original amount by the amount of the transfertoAcct.balance = toAcct.balance@pre + amountSignaturePre/post conditions—Independent of implementation technologySAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Constraint Languages for the Business Process Expert (BPX)Operative business ruleIf the drop-off locationof a rentalis not the EU-Rent siteof the return branchof the rentalthen it is obligatory that the rentalincurs a location penalty charge. Supporting fact typesrentalhas drop-off locationrentalhas return branchbranchis located at EU-Rent siterentalincurs location penalty chargeAdapted from Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules, OMG document dtc/06-03-02SAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Configuration InvariantsConstraints having to do with a component’s design-time or deployment-time configuration parametersThe value of one configuration parameter may constrain the values of others Tools can enforce these kinds of constraints, with some limitationsTools can also detect collisions among configuration constraints that would result from specific combinations of components Sometimes detection is certain and sometimes only suspectedCategories of tool support1Constraint checking: Checking whether a particular configuration satisfies the constraintsConstraint propagation: Inferring the values of undecided configuration settings from the values of decided settingsConstraint satisfiability: Checking whether a set of constraints has at least one solution1Krzysztof Czarnecki and Chang Hwan Peter Kim, ―Cardinality-Based Feature Modeling and Constraints: A Progress Report,‖ Proceedings of the First International Conference on Software Factories, OOPSLA 2005.SAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Seeking Formal Grounding for MDATo Improve Automated AssistanceMOF/XMI Based Tooling (e.g. Semantic Web Eclipse Plug-In)OWL-XMI BridgeNative Semantic WebOntology DevelopmentToolGeneric UML Modeling ToolXMI OWL DocumentNative OWL DocumentUML ModelUsing UML ProfileUML-OWL BridgeGenericUML ModelABCMeans tool A outputs B, and B serves as input to tool C. ER ModelER ToolER-OWL BridgeOntology Definition Metamodel (ODM)SAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Another Scaling Up ChallengeHow do you build reusable components?Component-based development has proven hard in practiceHow do you anticipate requirements of composite applications?SAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Product Line PracticesReusable assets for the product lineCreated via core asset developmentIndividual systems produced via product developmentIndividualProduct 1IndividualProduct nIndividualProduct 2…ProductionPlanThe Sims “Water Line”ArchitectureComponentsDomain-SpecificLanguage(s)Specialized Compiler(s)SAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›Applying Product Line PracticesBusiness Process PlatformAsset Bases for Product LinesLevel of AbstractionCompositeApplicationsAsset Bases for Product LinesCompositeApplicationsSAP AGand David S Frankel 2005, MDA /‹#›SummaryBusiness process platforms are comingTransition will be gradual, but powerfulModel-driven tools are important for making the platforms usableConfiguration management has to be faced square-onMetadata-rich environments, formal grounding, and product line practices needed to manage the complexityVigorous competition for a growing pie—if we do this right

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posted:2/23/2008

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