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G8 Final Compliance Report 2007
Germany
Prepared by the G8 Research Group of the State University – Higher School of Economics,
Chair – prof. Marina Larionova, Team Leader – Katya Gorbunova
Research Team members:
• Igor Churkin
• Daniil Gorbatenko
• Tatiana Lanshina
• Arina Shadrikova
• Yuriy Zaitsev
1. Health (Global Fund)...............................................................................................................3
2. Health (Tuberculosis) ..............................................................................................................3
3. Health (Polio) ..........................................................................................................................4
4. Energy (Oil and Energy Reserve Data Collection) .................................................................5
5. Energy Intensity.......................................................................................................................5
6. Surface Transportation ............................................................................................................7
7. Renewable Energy...................................................................................................................8
8. Climate Change and Sustainable Development ....................................................................10
9. Education (Academic Mobility) ............................................................................................12
10. Education (Qualification Systems)......................................................................................13
11. Education (Gender Disparities) ...........................................................................................14
12. Africa (Security) ..................................................................................................................14
13. Africa (Debt Relief).............................................................................................................16
14. Transnational Crime and Corruption...................................................................................16
15. Intellectual Property Rights .................................................................................................18
16. Trade (Export Subsidies, Agriculture) ................................................................................19
17. Counter-terrorism (Energy) .................................................................................................19
18. Stabilization and Reconstruction (UN)................................................................................21
19. Global Partnership (Non-Proliferation) ...............................................................................22
20. Middle East (Lebanon) ........................................................................................................23
Table 1. Interim and Final Compliance Scores for Germany
Commitments Interim Scores Final Scores
(HSE)
Health (Global Fund) 0 +1
Health (Tuberculosis) 0 +1
Health (Polio) 0 +1
Energy (Oil and Energy Reserve Data Collection) +1 +1
Energy Intensity 0 +1
Surface Transportation 0 +1
Renewable Energy +1 +1
Climate Change and Sustainable Development +1 +1
Education (Academic Mobility) 0 +1
Education (Qualification Systems) 0 0
Education (Gender Disparities) -1 0
Africa (Security) 0 +1
Africa (Debt Relief) 0 +1
Transnational Crime and Corruption 0 0
Intellectual Property Rights 0 0
Trade (Export Subsidies, Agriculture) +1 +1
Counter-terrorism (Energy) 0 0
Stabilization and Reconstruction (UN) 0 0
Global Partnership (Non-Proliferation) 0 0
Middle East (Lebanon) +1 +1
TOTAL 20% 65%
2
1. Health (Global Fund)
“We will work with other donors and stakeholders in the effort to secure funds needed for the
2006-2007 replenishment period and call upon all concerned to participate actively in the
development of a four-year strategy, aimed at building a solid foundation for the activities of
the Fund in the years ahead.”
Germany: +1
Germany supports the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria actively. Next year
German Government is going to intensify support of international events against AIDS with the
particular role of the Global Fund. German Government cooperates with different multilateral
actors. It takes part in international strategy development goals and realization.1
Angela Merkel made a report at the conference "Responsibility and Partnership – Together
against HIV/AIDS" for more than 600 participants from more than 60 countries. The Federal
Ministry of Health was invited to this conference on 12-13 of March. The conference has to
speed the joint international work on AIDS fight.2
The Minister of Economic Cooperation and Development Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul promised
to support financially the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria. German
Government intensifies AIDS control in Germany and all over the world. In 2007 Germany
increased financial support for this purposes to 400 mln euro.3 To fulfill this commitment
Germany has to invest into the Global Fund 122,6 mln dollars this year, 48 mln dollars of which
Germany has invested by now.4
On the basis of aforesaid Germany can be given +1 for the fulfillment of the commitment to the
Global Fund.
Analyst: Igor Churkin
2. Health (Tuberculosis)
“We will also support the Global Plan to Stop TB, 2006-2015, which aims to cut TB deaths in
half by the year 2015 compared to 1990 levels, saving some 14 million lives over ten years, and
call upon all donors and stakeholders to contribute to its effective implementation.”
Germany: +1
Germany has allocated a budget of 2,55 mln dollars for the tuberculosis fight for 20075, 122 mln
dollars it committed to invest into the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, 48
1
Bundesministerium für Gesundheit, Aktionsplan zur Umsetzung der HIV/AIDS-Bekämpfungsstrategie der
Bundesregierung, 07.03.2007,
http://www.bmg.bund.de/cln_040/nn_604742/DE/Themenschwerpunkte/Praevention/Gesundheitsvorsorge/Aktionsp
lan-AIDS,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/Aktionsplan-AIDS.pdf, Date of Access 14.03.07.
2
G8 Gipfel Heiligendam 2007, Gemeinsam gegen HIV/Aids, 13.03.07, http://www.g-
8.de/nn_92434/Content/DE/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-12-merkel-konferenz-gegen-Aids-bremen.html, Date of access
14.03.07.
3
G8 Gipfel Heiligendam 2007, 07.03.07, Aids-Neuinfektionen nehmen weltweit zu, http://www.g-
8.de/nn_92434/Content/DE/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-07-aids-aktionsplan-der-bundesregierung.html, Date of access
13.03.07.
4
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Contributions To Date,
http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/files/pledges&contributions.xls, Date of access 14.04.07.
5
Bundeshaushalt 2007, Leistungen aufgrund rechtlicher Verpflichtungen des Bundes für Fürsorgezwecke,
http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/bundeshaushalt2007/pdf/epl11/s110263206.pdf, Date of access 14.04.07.
3
mln dollars of which it has paid.6 At the same time to reduce mortality from tuberculosis
Germany not only invests money, but also organizes events, which could solve this problem.
«International Symposium on the occasion of World TB Day 2007» took place on 22 of March,
2007 in Berlin. Among organizers there were Robert Koch Institut, the Ministry of Health and
German Central Committee against Tuberculosis (DZK). At the meeting the problems of
tuberculosis and further work on tuberculosis fight were discussed.7 So, Germany score’s +1 for
the fulfillment of this commitment.
Analyst: Igor Churkin
3. Health (Polio)
“We urgently call for mobilization of financial support and will continue to work collectively
and with bilateral and multilateral donors to close the funding gap for 2007-2008, and will
continue to work with others towards securing the resources necessary to finish the program
and declare our planet polio-free in the near future.”
Germany: +1
On 28 of February, 2007 German representatives (Dr W. Bichmann, Chief Sector and Policy
Division Health, Education, Social Protection; Mr L.-H. Selwig, First Secretary, Development
Policy, Permanent Mission of Germany to the United Nations Office and other International
Organizations in Geneva; Mr J. P. Eckendorf, Advisor, Permanent Mission of Germany to the
United Nations Office and other International Organizations in Geneva) took part in the Urgent
Stakeholder Consultation on Polio Eradication, which took place in Geneva.8
Germany also finances Polio fight. It is classified as a 4-th tier donor indicating it has contributed
between 100 and 249 millions US dollars overall.9 There is no more precise data on Germany
investments in 2007, but in the near future on the website Global Polio Eradication Initiativ the
report on countries Polio fight with more precise data is to be published (the report is published 4
times a year). Taking into the consideration that Germany was included into the 4th group of
countries according to the financing amount and that it took part in international events, the
score for the fulfillment of this commitment is +1.
Analyst: Igor Churkin
6
The Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, Contributions To Date,
http://www.theglobalfund.org/en/files/pledges&contributions.xls, Date of access 14.04.07.
7
Robert Koch Institut, International Symposium on the occasion of World TB Day 2007, 28.02.07.,
http://www.rki.de/cln_049/nn_205760/DE/Content/InfAZ/T/Tuberkulose/WeltTBTag2007/WeltTBTag2007__Progr
amm,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/WeltTBTag2007_Programm.pdf Date of access 14.03.07.
8
Global Polio Eradication Initiativ, Urgent Stakeholder Consultation on Polio Eradication , 28.02.07,
http://www.polioeradication.org/content/general/ListofParticipants.pdf, Date of access 14.03.07.
9
Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Donor profile for 1988-2009. http://www.polioeradication.org/poliodonors.asp
Date of Access 19 March 2007.
4
4. Energy (Oil and Energy Reserve Data Collection)
“We welcome the beginning of implementation of the Joint Oil Data Initiative (JODI) and will
take further action to improve and enhance the collection and reporting of market data on oil
and other energy sources by all countries including through development of a global common
standard for reporting oil and other energy reserves.”
Germany: +1
Germany has registered a high level of compliance with its G8 commitment to implement Joint
Oil Data Initiative. During the compliance period Germany has integrated it’s collection of data
on energy sources10 into a global framework this way having met requirements of the
commitment to the Joint Oil Data Initiative. According to an update of a table depicting the
participation of countries in JODI and presented by seven organizations11 Germany‘s assessment
in all 3 categories of participation (submission, timeliness, completeness) for the period from
July to October 200612 was good13. As all JODI countries have to submit their collection of data
on energy sources for each couple of mounts the last update results for the period from
November, 2006 to January, 2007 14 show reasonable levels of comparability15. According to the
JODI World Database Germany is one of the top 30 consumers of oil16.
Taking into consideration Germany’s integration of the full collection of data on energy into a
global framework, the implementation of this commitment by Germany can be assigned a score
of +1.
Analyst: Yuriy Zaitsev
5. Energy Intensity
“consider national goals for reducing energy intensity of economic development to be reported
by the end of the year;”
Germany: +1
Since the beginning of the compliance period there was a little sign of intention of German
Government to include energy intensity in the economic development goals. It has not
announced and reported its national goals for reducing energy intensity of economic
development by December 31, 2006. So, the work to meet this commitment has not been
completed by the fixed date. With assumption of G8 and EU Presidency since January 1, 2006
the situation has been changed and more steps in this direction have being done.
Germany is more economical in its use of natural energy resources than many other industrial
countries. This was determined on the basis of an environmental efficiency indicator developed
10
Seven product categories are included in this collection: Crude Oil, LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas), Gasoline,
Kerosene, Diesel Oil, Fuel Oil and Total Oil.
11
EUROSTAT, OPEC, OLADE, APEC, IEA, IEFS, UNSD
12
Joint Oil Initiative Data /Database http://www.jodidb.org/IEFS/TableViewer/tableView.aspx Date of access:
14/04/07
13
Joint Oil Initiative Data /News Later #9, November, 2006
http://www.jodidata.org/FileZ/newsletter/JODI_newsletter9.pdf date of access 10/04/07
14
Joint Oil Initiative Data /Database http://www.jodidb.org/IEFS/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=87
Date of access 14/04/07
15
Joint Oil Initiative Data/ Color Coding
http://www.jodidata.org/FileZ/ODTmain.htm Date of access: 14/04/07
16
“JODI World Database”, Joint Oil Data Initiative / www.jodidata.org/FileZ/jodiworlddb/consumers2.htm Date of
access: 12/04/07
5
by the Cologne Institute for Economic Research. Among the thirty countries studied Germany is
placed seventh, behind Ireland, Switzerland, Denmark, the United Kingdom, Austria, and Italy17.
The weightiest fact concerning the compliance of this commitment is that at the European
Council meeting German Government has agreed on concrete measures to increase energy
efficiency by 20 percent by 2020. This means nothing less than an efficiency revolution. In order
to achieve this target Germany, for example, must increase energy efficiency by 3 percent per
year18.
The Federal Government has initiated extensive programmes to promote research and
development in highly efficient technologies. “It is neccesary to reduce noticeably the energy
needs of industry, of private and public consumers through the most efficient and intelligent use
possible of the available energy”, declared the Federal Minister of Economics and Technology
Michael Glos.
At the annual meeting of the Energy Efficiency Initiative of DENA ( deutsche energie-Agentur/
German Energy Agency), which took place on September 19, 2006 in Berlin Michael Glos made
a speech in which he emphasized that Germany had a great deal of know-how in the field of
energy efficiency. It has managed to reduce energy consumption in comparison to 1990 and to
keep consumption stable for years despite economic growth19.
In a policy statement made in parliament on December 14, 2006 Chancellor Angela Merkel laid
out the objectives for the German EU and G8 presidencies. She indicated the need to continue to
develop the internal market, in particular by liberalizing the electricity and gas sectors. Her
energy policy objectives include achieving emission reduction targets through improved energy
efficiency20.
In the context of the Europian Council Presidency the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building
and Urban Affairs is going to hold International Conference on Energy Efficiency, which has
taken place on April 20 and 21, 2007 in Berlin. With this conference, the German government
aims to promote international dialogue on energy efficiency as a core strategy for future-oriented
economic policies. In the words of Council President Tiefensee: "Increased energy efficiency is
an important prerequisite for securing the energy supply and ensuring climate protection, and so
it is also the key to the sustainable modernisation of our society and economy."21
The reason for failing to meet this commitment by December 31, 2006 can be conditioned on
the fact that Germany could not act beyond the frameworks and without concordance of its
national and EU objectives. Having taken EU and G8 presidency on January 1, 2007 Germany
has included into its EU and G8 agendas the issue of energy intensity and has held EU/G8
Conference on “Energy Efficiency – Shaping Tomorrow’s World” on April 20, 200722. This
17
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/02/2007-02-05-deutschland-hat-vorreiterrolle-
im-klimaschutz__en.html Date of access: 11/04/07
18
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Climate Protection / EU
http://www.bmu.de/english/press_releases_as_of_22_november_2005/pm/38874.php Date of access: 14/04/07
19
Federal Ministry of Economic and Technology/ SPEECHES / STATEMENTS/
HTTP://WWW.BMWI.DE/ENGLISH/NAVIGATION/PRESS/SPEECHES-AND-
STATEMENTS,DID=165098.HTML DATE OF ACCESS: 14/04/07
20
Federral Government/ Latest news/ http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6562/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/12/2006-
12-14-merkel-regierungserkl_C3_A4rung__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
21
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs/ Press Release
http://www.bmvbs.de/en/-,1872.988779/A-busy-schedule-Issues-and-eve.htm?global.back=/en/
Date of access: 14/04/07
22
Germany 2007 – Presidency of the European Union / Press Release/
http://eu2007.de/en/News/Press_Releases/April/0420BMBVBSEnergie.html
6
endorses the fact that EU Presidency does not underlie G8 Presidency or the other way round.
We can’t assess Germany’s G8 and EU activity separately. We can’t separate two parallel
processes of holding the presidencies. Assessing the same activity related to G8 and EU
simultaneously it would be unfair to attribute it only to G8 or EU presidency. It is must be
considered in the context of holding the presidencies in both institutions. So, the period of
implementation energy intensity commitment by Germany began simultaneously with its EU
presidency period.
Taking into consideration parallel implementation of German EU and G8 presidency programs
and extensive initiatives worked out by the Federal Government to reduce energy intensity
Germany’s fullfilment of this commitment can be assigned a score of +1.
Analyst: Yuriy Zaitsev
6. Surface Transportation
“develop programs in our respective countries, consistent with national circumstances, to
provide incentives for consumers to adopt efficient vehicles, including clean diesels and
hybrids; and introduce on a large scale efficient public hybrid and/or clean diesel
transportation systems, where appropriate;”
Germany: +1
Although Germany began with a slow start in the onset of the compliance period, recent
measures undertaken by its Government led the country to full compliance with the commitment
to introduce new consumer incentive schemes to provide efficient public hybrid and/or clean
diesel transportation systems.
Most efforts were directed to eleborating and working out the programs which considerably
accelerate the development of the future-oriented technology by means of intensified activities in
the areas of research, development and thus to expand Germany's current market leadership in
this field. 24 companies representing the German and European hydrogen and fuel cell industry
concluded a relevant agreement with the German Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and
Urban Affairs.
Germany has introduced “The National Innovation Programme for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Technologies” launched jointly by the Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban
Affairs, the Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology and the Federal Ministry of
Education and Research. Over the next ten years, a total of one billion euros is to be invested via
the programme in research into and the further development of hydrogen and fuel cell
technologies23.
Federal Office for Environment Protection and German Institut for Urban Science were
considerably involved in the specialized meeting to exchange the experience and views on the
basis of research and practice projects to promote environment friendly transport in urban areas,
which took place on October 9-10, 2006 at the Federal Environment Agency in Dessau24.
The Bundesrat, or second chamber of the German parliament, has given the final go-ahead to
change the Law on Motor Vehicle Tax. The bill had its first reading in the German parliament in
November 2006. The tax rebate will cover about fifty percent of the average cost of fitting the
23
Federal Ministry of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs/ Transport/
http://www.bmvbs.de/en/Transport-,1873.981716/Tiefensee-Germany-wants-to-ach.htm?global.back=/en/-
%2c1873/Transport.htm Date of access: 12/04/07
24
Federal Office for Environment Protection Dessau/ http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/verkehr/mobil/tagungen
Date of access: 14/04/07
7
filter (600 euros). In principle, all cars retrofitted with the filter between 1 January 2006 and 31
December 2009 will be eligible for the tax reduction. Taxation instruments are used by
Government to introduce incentives for consumers irrespective of the technology chosen, in
order to reduce emissions as far as possible. Technical solutions which meet the recommended
limits25 already exist. The German automobile industry has undertaken to fit all new diesel cars
with a diesel particle filter by the end of 2008 or the beginning of 2009 at the latest26.
Within the frameworks or the membership at the European Council Germany has pledged to
determine that a binding target of a 10 percent share in total petrol and diesel consumption by
2020 will also apply to biofuels. This will be achieved in a sustainable way with second-
generation biofuels27.
On 7 February 2007 commenting on the ongoing debate on climate change policy and the
European Commission's position, the Federal Minister of Transport, Building and Urban Affairs,
Wolfgang Tiefensee, stated: "The Commission's proposal will enable us to adopt a balanced
approach. Blending biofuels into conventional fuels and a system of differentiation by vehicle
segment is the right course of action. It thus provides us with a sound basis for establishing
mandatory climate change targets for the European automotive industry. Our vehicles have to
become more fuel-efficient and environment-friendly." 28
As Germany launched special programs to introduce new consumer incentive schemes the
implementation of this commitment by Germany can be assigned a score of +1.
Analyst: Yuriy Zaitsev
7. Renewable Energy
“We will facilitate development of local energy resources, including those based on core
generation technologies and on renewable energy, such as hydropower, wind power,
geothermal power, biomass, and the effective use of solar energy, to contribute to poverty
reduction and long-term energy sustainability in developing countries.”
Germany: +1
The German Government has fulfilled its G8 renewable energy commitment. According to the
Global Policy Network REN21 (Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st century)
updated report that was published, on 29 August, 2006 Germany remains world champion in the
use of renewable energies. Germany alone invested 7 billion US dollars in renewable energy
sphere29.
The Federal Government has made significant steps to facilitate development of renewable
energy. On the 13 October, 2006 the Upper House of Parliament, the Bundesrat, passed the first
act amending the Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG), which will ease the cost burden due to
power from renewable energy sources for approximately 330 extremely energy-intensive
enterprises and rail companies. Cost savings will increase by 100 million euro to around 400
25
The requirements of the planned Euro 5 emission standard are 0.005 g/km particulate matter
26
The German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-09-sauber-diesel-fahren__en.html
Date of access: 14/04/07
27
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Climate Protection / EU
http://www.bmu.de/english/press_releases_as_of_22_november_2005/pm/38874.php Date of access: 14/04/07
28
Federal Ministry of Transport, Buildings and Urban Affairs/ Press Release
http://www.bmvbs.de/en/Press/Press-releases-,1933.986055/Tiefensee-Fuel-consumption-
has.htm?global.back=/en/Press/-%2c1933%2c0/Press-releases.htm%3flink%3dbmv_liste%26link.sKategorie%3d
Date of access: 14/04/07
29
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Renewable Energy /
http://www.bmu.de/english/renewable_energy/press_statements_speeches/pm/37749.php Date of access: 14/04/07
8
million euro per year. At the same time it will protect both companies and private consumers
against being charged prices by their electricity utilities that exceed the real costs30.
At the conferance organised by German League for Nature and Environment (Deutscher
Naturschutzring, DNR) together with the European environmental networks under the motto "A
responsibility for the future", which took place on October 19, 2006 in Berlin, German Federal
Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety Gabriel underlined his
country's role in the world economy as the main exporter of green technologies, and added that it
would be necessary to bring about a revolutionary efficiency increase in the use of natural energy
resources combined with an unswerving development of renewable energy sources to achieve
the necessary ecological and economic volte-face 31.
At a presentation of a study on expanding renewable energies in Berlin on February 27, 2007,
German Environment Minister Sigmar Gabriel said renewable energies could meet around 16
percent of total energy supply by 2020 -- triple the current amount. He added that the production
of electricity, heat and fuels from renewable sources such as wind, biomass and solar power
increased 12.8 percent in 2006 and that renewable sources now make up 5.3 percent of the
energy supply. Electricity from renewable sources has a 11.8 percent share32.
The German government during this compliance period has also taken some measures which
increase the ability of developing countries to use local energy resources. In Istanbul on October,
6, 2006 German Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety
Gabriel and Mehmet Güler, Turkish Minister of energy and natural resources, jointly announced
a strategic partnership for the increased use of renewables in Turkey. In the context of support
measures that have now been also adopted in Turkey and the still largely untapped potential of
biomass, wind, solar and geothermal energy it is planned to initiate cooperation in politics, trade
and industry and science33. “Germany is also going to help to fund a training and research center
for renewable energies in Egypt, as said Merkel speaking at the Egyptian-German economic
forum in Cairo34. As Germany’s Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development,
Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul announced at the opening of the two-day Africa-Europe Energy
Forum, which took place on 6 March, 2007 in Berlin, Germany’s aim is to support African
countries in meeting the huge energy needs involved in achieving economic growth. It would be
promoted by expanding of renewable energy sources, which would also reduce African
economies’ dependence on highly-priced oil supplies35.
30
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Renewable energy
http://www.bhttp://www.bmu.de/english/renewable_energy/press_statements_speeches/pm/37957.php Date of
access: 14/04/07
www.bmu.de/english/renewable_energy/current/doc/38009.php Date of access: 14/04/07
31
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Renewable energy
http://www.bmu.de/english/international_environmental_policy/press_statements_speeches/pm/38155.php Date of
access: 14/04/07
32
Deutsche Welle/ News/ Germany http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,,2366959,00.html?maca=en-rss-en-all-
1573-rdf Date of access: 14/04/07
33
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Environment / Turkey
http://www.bmu.de/english/international_environmental_policy/press_statements_speeches/pm/38007.php Date of
access: 14/04/07
34
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/02/2007-02-04-wirtschaftliche-kooperation-
deutschland-aegypten__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
35
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-06-afrika-europa-
energieforum__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
9
Taking into account extensive contribution of Germany to the development of renewable energy
sources and investments in renewable energy technologies of developing countries during the
compliance year the fulfillment of this commitment is assigned a score of +1.
Analyst: Yuriy Zaitsev
8. Climate Change and Sustainable Development
“We reaffirm our intention to deliver on commitments made in Gleneagles in order to meet
our shared and multiple objectives of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, improving the
global environment, enhancing energy security and cutting air pollution in conjunction with
our vigorous efforts to reduce poverty.”
Germany: +1
During the whole compliance period Germany has been taking comprehensive measures to
implement Gleneagles climate change commitments and still remains committed to meeting
emissions reductions targets re-affirmed at Gleneagles. The most ponderable argument for the
implementation of this commitment is that the German government in the context of its G8
Presidancy has included in G8 Summit agenda the issue of climate change and sustainable
development. The German delegation attended the Climate Change Conference in Nairobi on
November, 13, 2006. Germany is trying to do its part to help prevent climate change. The
German government supports the conclusion of a follow-up agreement to succeed the Kyoto
Protocol. It has made climate change a special focus of its EU and G8 presidencies. Germany has
set itself an ambitious goal to lower its greenhouse gas emissions by 21 percent in the period
2008-2012. Germany is already very close to achieving this goal. As of the end of 2005 its
greenhouse gas emissions were around 19 percent below the levels recorded in 199036.
A strong effort is being made to meet Germany's international commitment to reduce CO2
emissions by 21 percent. According to German Federal Minister for the Environment, Nature
Conservation and Nuclear Safety Sigmar Gabriel, there is a need to adjust the current plan for
allocation of emissions quotas to industry. The German government is currently making
preparations to base motor vehicle tax on CO2 emissions, as provided for in the coalition
agreement37.
Germany and Peru signed a corresponding Memorandum of Understanding in Berlin on
November, 9, 2006. Both countries want to cooperate closely with regard to climate protection
and want to make use of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in particular. This
instrument, introduced by the Kyoto Protocol, supports climate protection investments in
developing countries. The amount of carbon dioxide emissions saved is credited to the investors
from industrial countries. In the context of emissions trading this is an interesting opportunity for
German companies38.
Germany and Great Britain are planing to cooperate closely on the development of a new
agreement on the prevention of climate change. Speaking in London in early November, 2006,
Chancellor Angela Merkel said this topic would play an important role in 2007 during
36
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/02/2007-02-05-deutschland-hat-vorreiterrolle-
im-klimaschutz__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
37
German Federal Government / http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/11/2006-11-
13-gabriel-klimakonferenz__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
38
Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ International Environmental
Policy/http://www.bmu.de/english/international_environmental_policy/press_statements_speeches/pm/38158.php
Date of access: 14/04/07
10
Germany's EU and G8 presidencies. The proposed new agreement is intended to take the place
of the Kyoto Protocol, which is due to run out in 201239.
Germany is going to contribute 24 million euros to the Global Efficiency and Renewable Energy
Fund (GEREF) , which was created by the European Union (EU). The aim is to help developing
countries decouple economic growth from greenhouse gas emissions. This is an important step
towards making it possible for this group of countries to be integrated in future climate-change
measures40.
Within the framework of the German G8 presidency, Federal Minister for the Environment,
Sigmar Gabriel, was hosting a meeting with his G8 opposite numbers and representatives of the
five largest emerging economies at Potsdam on March 16, 2007. Gabriel said, that the Potsdam
meeting had been designed primarily to prepare the ground for decisions that would be taken at
the G8 summit in Heiligendamm. In Heiligendamm, Chancellor Angela Merkel aims to get the
G8 to adopt an ambitious climate-protection agreement. This is seen as a precondition for further
international negotiations on a post-2012 climate regime41. At the meeting The "Potsdam
Initiative – Biological Diversity 2010" was established, which has set in motion specific
activities for the protection and sustainable use of biodiversity. A raft of measures in the fields of
science, industry, trade and financing as well as for the protection of the world's oceans will
contribute to considerably reducing the loss of biological diversity by 201042.
On 19 March Chancellor Angela Merkel held a telephone conversation with the Chinese Prime
Minister Wen Jiabao. Their discussion focused on bilateral and international issues, in particular
on efforts to combat climate change. The Chancellor informed the Chinese Prime Minister of the
results of the European Council meeting and asked for his support for the European decisions to
cut CO2 emissions. Prime Minister Wen Jiabao promised that China would be stepping up its
own efforts to protect the global climate and pledged constructive cooperation with the German
G8 presidency with a view to the G8 summit in Heiligendamm. He announced that Chinese
environmental experts would be attending the meeting of G8 states and major emerging
economies to be held in early May in Germany43.
“The consequences of climate change will be dramatic, for developing countries in particular.
The German presidency of the G8 aims to tackle these problems and adopt concrete initiatives,
said Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development, Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul
at the G8 development ministers meeting in Berlin, which took place on March 27, 200744.
39
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/11/2006-11-03-weltweites-
klimaschutzabkommen-weiter-entwickeln__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
40
German Federral Government /Latest news/
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6562/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/11/2006-11-20-klimakonferenz-beschliesst-
hilfen-fuer-entwicklungslaender__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
41
German Federal Government/ News
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-15-g-8-umweltminister-treffen-
sich-in-potsdam__en.html Date of access: 14/04/07
42
German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety/ Press Release
http://www.bmu.de/pressemitteilungen/pressemitteilungen_ab_22112005/pm/38931.php Date of access: 28/03/07
43
German Federal Government/ Press and Information Office of a federal Government
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Pressemitteilungen/BPA/2007/03/2007-03-20-merkel-
telefonat-chinesischer-ministerpraesident__en.html
Date of access: 14/04/07
44
German Federal Government/ Press Release
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6538/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/03/2007-03-27-g8-ez__en.html Date of access:
14/04/07
11
Taking into consideration substantial new measures of Germany to implement Gleneagles
climate change commitment by way of broad cooperation with other countries, conducting
purposeful internal policy the fulfillment of this compliance can be assigned a score of +1.
Analyst: Yuriy Zaitsev
9. Education (Academic Mobility)
“We will promote international academic mobility at all levels, significantly increasing the
mobility of students, teachers and researchers.”
Germany: +1
Germany fully complied with the commitment to promote international academic mobility. In
September 2006 the Information and Advertising Campaign “go out! studieren weltweit!” was
launched by the Federal Ministry for Education and Research in cooperation with the German
Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)45. The goal of the Campaign is to promote academic
mobility of German students through providing information about studying abroad.
During Helsinki Vocational education and Training Meeting in December 4-5 2006, the Federal
Minister for Education and Research Annette Schavan confirmed the importance of academic
mobility and underlined that “Europeans who have to move to another country for education or
other professional activity-related reasons still meet too many barriers”46
On Tuesday February 13, 2007 the Federal Government approved the Amendment to the Federal
Education and Training Assistance Act (Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz, generally referred
to as "Bafög"). The Minister of Education and Research highlighted that “…this amendment will
provide the increase of international students studying in Germany, and of German students
getting education abroad…”47
According to the 17th Government Report on educational assistance, approved by the Cabinet
the 16th January 2007, the number of secondary school and university students receiving
government assistance to help finance their education has increased over the past few years48,
though the increase after St. Petersburg Summit is not specified.
On Wednesday, the 28th of March 2007 the Federal Government approved the Amendment to
the Migrations Law (Zuwanderungsrechts), according to which students and researchers from all
over the world (non-EU-states) have more opportunity to study and research in Germany49.
The German Council Presidency will organize a big European launch conference in Berlin on 6
and 7 May 2007 in cooperation with the European Commission. The programme, with its budget
of approximately 7 billion euro, will run from 2007 to 2013 and will support the cross-border
45
Kampagne „go out! Studieren weltweit“ gestartet, Official Website of the German Chancellor (Berlin), 19
September 2006. http://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/nn_4922/Content/DE/Artikel/2006/09/2006-09-19-kampagne-GO-
OUTgestartet--weltweit-studieren.html
46
Schavan: “Mehr Mobilitat fur Auszubildende In Europa”, Department of Education and Research, (Berlin), 5
December 2006. http://www.bmbf.de/press/1934.php
47
Press-Service of Federal Ministry of education and Research. 14th February 2007.
http://www.bmbf.de/_search/searchresult.php?URL=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bmbf.de%2Fpress%2F1976.php&QU
ERY=das+und+baf%F6g Date of Access: March 17, 2007
48
The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government, news 16th January 2007.
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6562/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/01/2007-01-16-staatliche-
ausbildungsfoerderung-nahm-zu__en.html Date of Access: March 17, 2007
49
Press-Service of Federal Ministry of education and Research. 28th March 2007.
http://www.bmbf.de/press/2005.php Date of Access: March 30, 2007
12
mobility of teachers and learners at all levels of education as well as cooperation between
education institutions from various European countries.50
So, Germany made efforts to increase academic mobility since the G8 Summit in St. Petersburg,
and gets score “+1”.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova
10. Education (Qualification Systems)
“We will share information about qualification systems in our countries to increase
understanding of national academic practices and traditions.”
Germany: 0
The German Government declared in the released in December 2006 document German EU
Council Presidency 2007: Education and Research Policy Priorities that it continues to support
the Lisbon and Bologna processes and its aim is “to intensify the work on the EQF on the
Commission proposal and in close cooperation and, if possible, to conclude these activities”.51
The European member countries of the Copenhagen Process are increasingly intensifying their
cooperation in the area of vocational training by agreeing on specific measures to improve the
transparency, creditability and recognition of qualifications and degrees. The European
Conference "Realizing the European Learning Area" (Munich, 4 to 5 June 2007) will discuss
concrete proposals for implementing these steps. The topics will be: the European Qualifications
Framework, European Credits for Vocational Education and Training, opportunities for transfer
between vocational training and higher education, the qualification of teachers, as well as the
promotion of mobility.52
As it was announced by Press-service of Ministry of Education and research on 26th of January
2007, the Working Group for German Qualification Framework was organized. It consists of the
representatives from Regional Ministers for Cultural Affairs, Ministry of Education and
Research, and representatives from public education institutions and business. This Working
Group should elaborate German Qualification Framework (Deutscher Qualifikationsrahmen,
DQR), which will contribute to enhancing the education transparency and information exchange
and mobility at all levels.53
Given that the above mentioned Dialogue is part of the EU and Europe Education policy
launched earlier within the Framework of the Lisbon Agenda and Bologna Process, it can not be
fully accounted as compliance with the G 8 St. Petersburg commitment. Finally, Germany gets
score “0”.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova
50
http://www.eu2007.de/en/Policy_Areas/Education_Youth_and_Culture/Education.html
51
German EU Council Presidency 2007: Education and Research Priorities, Federal Ministry of Education and
Research (Berlin), 20 December 2006. www.bmbf.de/pub/EU-RP_InhalteSchwerpunkte_eng.pdf
52
http://www.eu2007.de/en/Policy_Areas/Education_Youth_and_Culture/Education.html
53
Press-service of Ministry of Education and research. 26th January 2007.
http://www.bmbf.de/press/1957.php Date of Access: March 17, 2007
13
11. Education (Gender Disparities)
“We regret that interim targets related to eliminating gender disparities in primary and
secondary education have not been achieved. Greater concerted action by all will be needed to
fulfill these key goals by 2015. We reaffirm our commitments in this regard”
Germany: 0
Germany partially complied with the commitment to eliminate gender disparities in education.
Germany participated in two Forums of Fast Track Initiative (FTI): FTI Technical meeting in
Brussels, October 9-10, 200654 and 4th Partnership Meeting – Cairo, November 13-14, 200655,
where Germany presented the Report of Capacity Development Task Team56.
In September 18, 2006 in the Statement at the 74th Meeting of the Development Committee
Federal Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development of Germany Heidemarie
Wieczorek-Zeul confirmed that Germany supported the goals of Education for all, and would
increase its contribution to the FTI up to 120 mln euro till the year 2007.57
At the conference “Women's Economic Empowerment as Smart Economics: A Dialogue on
Policy Options” held in Berlin February 22-23, 2007 Merkel expressed the view that there must
be a stronger focus on gender equality worldwide. She welcomed efforts being undertaken in the
African Union to move in this direction. Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul said
the objective of halving poverty in the world's poorest countries can only be achieved if there is
gender equality. She noted that the economic situation is developing well in countries where it
has become reality. The conference was jointly organized by the German Development Ministry
and the World Bank.58
Though Germany participates in a range of programmes targeting gender disparities in
education, but there are no indications that Germany paid the promised level of financial
contributions to FTI and EFA initiatives, that’s why it receives “0”.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova
12. Africa (Security)
“continuing, in cooperation with the EU, UN and other partners, to assist the AU and African
sub-regional organisations in further developing the African Standby Force including
transportation and logistics support arrangements”
Germany: +1
Germany has demonstrated adequate compliance with its commitment concerning security in
Africa. The contribution of Germany is to a certain extent continuation of the earlier launched
54
FTI Technical Meeting. (Brussels) 9 October 2006.
www1.worldbank.org/education/efafti/documents/Brussels/Participants.pdf
55
Education for All Fast Track Initiative 4th Partnership Meeting, The World Bank, (Cairo), 14 November, 2006.
www1.worldbank.org/education/efafti/documents/Cairo/List_of_Participants.pdf
56
4th Partnership Meeting “Presentations,” (Cairo), 13-14 November 2006/
http://www.fasttrackinitiative.org/education/efafti/documents/Cairo/Presentations/CD_Update.pdf
57
Joint Ministerial Committee of the Boards of Governors of the Bank and the Fund on the Transfer of Real
Resources to Developing Countries. Seventy-Fourth Meeting, Statement by Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, Federal
Minister for Economic Cooperation and Development Germany, (Singapore), 18 September 2006
siteresources.worldbank.org/DEVCOMMINT/Documentation/21056145/DCS2006-0050-Germany.pdf
58
The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. 22nd February 2007
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6562/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/02/2007-02-22-gender-entwicklungskonferenz-
berlin__en.html Date of Access: March 17, 2007
14
work: Germany trains African troops, carries out capacity-building exercises in Africa, supports
the Kofi Annan Peace Keeping Training Centre in Ghana59. Much attention is paid to security
issues in Sudan, Congo and Somalia. Besides the continuation of the existing activities aimed at
further development of the African Standby Force Germany has also came up with a new
initiative – it is to make 2 billion euros (2,65 billion dollars) in aid available to the African
continent over the next four years and will make an announcement to that effect at the G8
summit in June 6-860.
As Federal Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier said in his speech at the German Bundestag on
March 2, 2007, the aim of Germany is not only to provide aid but also to help establish in the
long term Africa's own comprehensive security structure61.
German representatives have also been calling on other countries to take part in solving major
security problems in Africa. In her speech at the 43rd Munich Security Conference62 on 10
February 2007 German Chancellor Angela Merkel reminded of thousands of killed in Sudanese
and Somali conflicts: “In my view we must do all we can to strengthen Africa's own structures
and regional organizations, especially to strengthen and help the African Union, while at the
same time saying that there is a shared responsibility.”63 Touching upon the continuing
humanitarian crisis in the Darfur Region she said a joint African Union and United Nations
peacekeeping mission is urgently needed.
It is difficult to estimate purely German input to solving security problems in Africa, because
many of German security activities in Africa are linked into the EU activities in this sphere.
German troops are often part of EU peacekeeping force, German unarmed forces in Congo are
guaranteed by a contingent of troops from other nations64, etc. But as a whole, Germany has
complied with its commitments.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova and Tatiana Lanshina
59
Partnership with Africa Goes Beyond Traditional Development Aid, February 15, 2007,
http://www.germany.info/relaunch/politics/new/pol_Merkel_African_summit_2007.html Date of Access:
01.04.2007
60
Germany expected to increase aid to Africa at June G8 summit, 01 Apr 2007,
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/46427.html Date of Access: 01.04.2007
61
From the speech of Federal Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the German Bundestag, 02.03.2007,
http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Infoservice/Presse/Reden/2007/070302-BTAfrika.html Date of Access:
31.03.2007
62
From the Speech of Angela Merkel, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany, at the 43rd Munich Security
Conference on 10 February 2007, http://www.bundeskanzlerin.de/nn_127722/Content/EN/Reden/2007/02/2007-02-
10-rede-merkel-m_C3_BCnchner-sicherheitskonferenz.html Date of Access: 01.04.2007
63
From the speech of Federal Minister Frank-Walter Steinmeier at the German Bundestag, 02.03.2007,
http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/de/Infoservice/Presse/Reden/2007/070302-BTAfrika.html Date of Access:
02.04.2007
64
EU promises help to AU peace troops in Somalia, Darfur, German Press Agency, January 22, 2007,
http://rawstory.com/news/2007/EU_promises_help_to_AU_peace_troops_01222007.html Date of Access:
01.04.2007
15
13. Africa (Debt Relief)
“ensuring the full implementation and financing of the Multilateral Debt Relief Initiative
(MDRI) according to our commitments made at Gleneagles and on a fair burden-share basis,
and preserving long-term debt sustainability through the implementation of the IMF/World
Bank debt sustainability framework for low-income countries;”
Germany: +1
In February 2007 Germany announced a significant debt relief for the West African country
Liberia recovering after a civil war. Germany is to write off Liberia a debt of 230 mln. USD (175
mln. Euros)65. Also Germany worked alongside other G8 countries to broker a debt relief
package for Sao Tome and Principe which became on 16 March 2007 the 22nd country (18th
African) to reach the Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC) completion point. The IMF, World
Bank and African Development Bank will write off 100% of its debt under the Multilateral Debt
Relief Initiative (MDRI). The HIPC Initiative will also provide substantial cancellation of debt
owed to bilateral creditors subject to agreement by the Paris Club66
Moreover, Germany tries to solve the African debt problem as a whole. On the 9th of February at
the G7 Finance Ministers’ Meeting in Essen German Minister of Finance Peer Steinbrück (SPD)
said the G7 must beware of their debt relieves for Africa to be in vain because the poorest
countries may contract debts once again (from China)67. He suggested to his colleges to support
African countries through budget reconstruction and realization of international projects.
Germany’s compliance with its Gleneagles’ commitment on African debt relief is strong, the
score is “+1”.
Analyst: Tatiana Lanshina
14. Transnational Crime and Corruption
“We maintained our commitment to implement and promote the FATF recommendations, the
UN Convention on Transnational Organized Crime, and the UN Convention Against
Corruption”
Germany: 0
Germany has taken considerable steps forward in achieving compliance with its St. Petersburg
commitment on transnational crime. Germany ratified the UN Convention Against Transnational
Organized Crime on the 14th of June. 200668. In the report published on November 6, 2006 by
Transparency International Germany was ranked 16 out of 163 in Transparency International
Corruption Perceptions Index69. This was the 3rd best result among G8 countries after the UK
(11th) and Canada (14th).
65
Germany forgives Liberia of 175 Million Euros debt, 15.10.2007,
http://de.news.yahoo.com/14022007/286/kurzberichte-deutschland-erl-sst-liberia-175-millionen-euro-schulden.html.
Date of Access: 03.04.2007
66
Gleneagles Implementation Plan for Africa - March 2007 update, downloaded on 14.04.2007,
http://www.dfid.gov.uk/g8/milestones.asp Date of Access: 03.04.2007
67
Steinbrück wants to help Africa with Budget reform, Handelsblatt, 09.01.07,
http://www.handelsblatt.com/news/_pv/_p/200050/_t/ft/_b/1222951/default.aspx/index.html. Date of Access:
10.04.2007
68
Website of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime 30 December 2006
http://www.unodc.org/unodc/crime_cicp_signatures_convention.html. Date of Access: 30.12.2006
69
Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index 2006, November 6, 2006,
http://www.transparency.org/content/download/10825/92857/version/1/file/CPI_2006_presskit_eng.pdf Date of
Access: 15.04.2007
16
In 2007 the wake of scandals concerning leading German businesses went on. Several members
of the main board of Siemens were arrested; Siemens auditors have estimated "suspicious"
payments totaling up to 420 million euros70. In January 2007 Volkswagen AG's former personnel
chief received a two-year suspended prison sentence and was fined 576,000 euros ($749,000) for
his role in VW corruption scandal71. German Ministry of Justice plans to toughen legislation to
fight corruption because of scandals that have shaken leading German companies72.
On March 30, 2007 Germany activated an anti-terror register that would give the country's police
and secret services access to the personal information and records of criminal suspects and
terrorists. The anti-terror bank includes the names of about 13,000 people, only one-fourth of
them are actually residing in Germany73.
The input of Germany in the framework of its EU-presidency to the fight against corruption was
also significant. At the informal meeting of EU Ministers of Justice and Internal Affairs (January
14-16 2007) the Federal Minister of Internal Affairs Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble emphasized that
fight against terrorism and crime is a major priority in shaping and strengthening the European
common area of freedom, security and justice and added that “This is an area where our citizens
expect Europe to provide common solutions”74. The European Commission decided to launch a
lobby register at the European level in early 2008 aimed at bringing more transparency to the
relations between the lobbyists and politicians75.
At the G8 summit in Heiligendamm in June Germany plans to unveil a proposal to increase
foreign investment in African countries to fight corruption and promote democracy.76. Merkel's
cabinet has drafted a proposal that each member of the G8 sign a partnership agreement with an
African state77.
But Germany still has not ratified the UN Convention against Corruption. This indicates that
Germany has demonstrated only partial compliance to the Transnational Crime and Corruption
commitment.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova and Tatiana Lanshina
70
Member of Siemens board detained over bribes allegations, March 27, 2007,
http://www.earthtimes.org/articles/show/44605.html Date of Access: 04.04.2007
71
Former VW manager fined $749,000, given suspended sentence for role in corruption scandal, January 25 2007,
http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/business/20070125-0914-germany-volkswagentrial.html Date of Access:
01.04.2007
72
Germany to toughen laws against corruption, amid ongoing bribe scandal at Siemens, 14.01.2007
http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/01/14/business/EU-FIN-Germany-Fighting-Corruption.php Date of access
03.04.2007
73
Germany unveils controversial anti-terror register, 31.03.2007 http://www2.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-
20/0703317223091213.htm Date of access 03.04.2007
74
Speech of Federal Minister of the Interior Dr. Wolfgang Schäuble at the Informal Meeting of EU Ministers of
Justice and Home Affairs, Dresden, 14 - 16 January 2007.
http://www.bmj.bund.de/enid/7b4f091901b99de770b362bab6f34c1e,eb883d706d635f6964092d0933393832093a09
5f7472636964092d0933303335/Press_Releases_and_Speeches/Press_Releases_zg.html Date of access 03.04.2007
75
Transparency Deutschland welcomes European lobby register, 21.03.2007, http://www.transparency.de/2007-03-
21-eur-lobbyistenregi.1032.0.html?&contuid=1979, Date of access 03.04.2007
76
G8 summits 'need emerging nations present'. 25.01.2007,
http://www.iol.co.za/index.php?from=rss_World&set_id=1&click_id=3&art_id=qw1169722982345B265 Date of
access 14.04.2007
77
Germany vows to use EU presidency to give Africa special attention, 17 January 2007,
http://www.eubusiness.com/news_live/1169056802.24/ Date of Access: 01.04.2007
17
15. Intellectual Property Rights
“to create in each G8 country a website providing businesses and individuals with information
on mechanisms available and procedures necessary to secure and enforce their intellectual
property rights in that country, on threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to public health,
safety and the national interests of countries, consumers and business communities, as well as on
measures taken at the national and international levels to combat intellectual property rights
violations, and on relevant legislation and law enforcement practices;”
Germany: 0
The only German site, which meets the requirements of this commitment is “Deutsches Patent-
und Markenamt”.78 The information on patents and trademarks is concentrated on this site.
Different practical issues are represented here: methods of intellectual property protection,
registration of intellectual property rights, different forms for fulfillment for these purposes. As
for legislation, the site has a link to Ministry of Justice and the site IPR-Helpdesk.79
The information on piracy consequences for consumers, economy, producers etc. is not
represented.
The site is renewed regularly, and information represented here is up-date.
Table 2.
mechanisms available…to secure and enforce their intellectual property rights in that +
country
procedures necessary to secure and enforce their intellectual property rights in that +
country
threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to public health -
threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to…safety -
threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to…the national interests of countries -
threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to…consumers -
threats posed by piracy and counterfeiting to…business communities -
measures taken at the national…level to combat intellectual property rights +
violations
measures taken at…the international level to combat intellectual property rights -
violations
relevant legislation +
relevant…law enforcement practices +
th
Germany is working to prevent the piracy and counterfeiting spread. On 11 of April, 2007
Deputy Minister on Economy and Technologies (Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und
Technologie), Dr. Bernd Pfaffenbach, accompanied by the representative of the Head
Department of the Federal Union of German Industry (die Hauptgeschäftsführung des
Bundesverbandes der deutschen Industrie (BDI)), Klaus Bräunig, and President of the Federal
Union of German Wholesale and External Trade (der Bundesverband des deutschen Groß- und
Außenhandels (BGA)), Anton F. Börner, represented program on piracy (die
78
“Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt”, www.dpma.de, Date of access 27.03.07.
79
“Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt”, http://dpma.de/links/links.html, Date of access 27.03.07.
18
Präventionsstrategien der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Verhinderung der Produkt- und
Markenpiraterie).80 The strategy includes legislative, political, economic, technical events for
solving this task. It is distinctly noted that active informational campaign will be organized, one
of the participants of which will be «Deutsches Patent- und Markenamt».81
Though nowadays DPMA site doesn’t contain all information necessary for the fulfillment of the
commitment, Germany plans for the nearest future should be taken into consideration, and
Germany can be given the score of +1, so far the score remains 0.
Analyst: Igor Churkin
16. Trade (Export Subsidies, Agriculture)
“In agriculture, we are equally committed to substantially reducing trade-distorting domestic
support and to the parallel elimination by the end of 2013 of all forms of export subsidies, as
well as the establishment of effective disciplines on all export measures with equivalent effect,
as agreed in Hong Kong.”
Germany: +1
In Germany in the framework of the federal program "Verbesserung der Agrarstruktur und des
Küstenschutzes" investments in agriculture development, increasing of its competitiveness, costs
reduction etc. are realized annually. In budget 2007 there are 387,6 mln euro planned for these
purposes. There are also indicated sums, invested in 2005 and 2006, and maximum sums,
planned for 2008-2013.82
Table 3.
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
429,18 400 387,6 140 76 44 21 3 1
So, it may be concluded, that considerable reduction of agriculture support is planned, and
Germany can be given the score of +1 for the fulfillment of this commitment.
Analyst: Igor Churkin
17. Counter-terrorism (Energy)
“We announce a plan of action to secure global critical energy infrastructure, including
defining and ranking vulnerabilities of critical energy infrastructure sites, assessing emerging
and potential risks of terrorist attacks, and developing best practices for effective security
across all energy sectors within our countries.”
Germany: 0
Germany has partially complied with its commitment to secure critical energy infrastructure
based on participation in international counter-terrorism conferences and recent efforts to assess
emerging potential risks of terrorist attacks. However, not much progress has been made in either
80
Bundesministerium fur Wirtschaft und Technologie, Produkt- und Markenpiraterie verhindern -
Präventionsstrategien der deutschen Wirtschaft, 11.04.2007,
http://www.bmwi.de/BMWi/Navigation/Presse/pressemitteilungen,did=197158.html, Date of Access 14.04.2007.
81
BDI, die Präventionsstrategien der deutschen Wirtschaft zur Verhinderung der Produkt- und Markenpiraterie,
11.04.2007, http://www.bdi.eu/Dokumente/Recht-Wettbewerb-Versicherungen/Produktpiraterie.pdf, Date of
Access 14.04.2007.
82
Bundeshaushalt 2007, http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/bundeshaushalt2007/pdf/epl10/s100388290.pdf,
Date of access 2.04.07.
19
defining or ranking vulnerabilities of critical energy infrastructure sites, or developing best
practices for effective security across all energy sectors within its boundaries.
On 28-29 October 2006 Germany participated in the NATO Riga Summit. At the summit,
participants from NATO countries rubber-stamped a policy paper identifying the most imminent
risks of global terrorism of the next decade, most notably the proliferation of weapons of mass
destruction and threats to energy infrastructure.83
Germany also took part as a signatory of the “Statement of Principles” at the inaugural meeting
of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism in Rabat, Morocco on 30-31 October 2006.
Germany and twelve other signatory nations conceded to: “improve accounting of and security
on radioactive and nuclear materials; enhance security at civilian nuclear facilities; […] improve
capabilities to search and confiscate unlawfully held nuclear or radioactive substances or devices
using them; leverage response, mitigation, and investigation capabilities in case of a terrorist
attack; develop technical means to identify nuclear or other radioactive materials and substances
that are or may be involved in a terrorist incident; […] and promote greater information sharing
pertaining to acts of nuclear terrorism.”84
Germany also participated in the G8 Seminar on Specific Proposals on Strengthening
Partnerships between Governments and Businesses to Counter Terrorism on 11 October 2006 in
Moscow, and the Global Forum for Partnerships between States and Businesses to Counter
Terrorism on 28-30 November 2006 in Moscow. The G8 Seminar featured eight proposals for
government-business partnerships aimed at protecting the various aspects of critical energy
infrastructure. Results of the G8 Seminar were subsequently presented at the Global Forum.
They pledged to promote the establishment of “informal international government-business
working groups on counter-terrorism partnerships in key sectors.”85 Participants of the Forum
commissioned working groups with the task implementation of various counter-terrorism
proposals with public and private sector partners. The Forum also called for cooperative
initiatives from businesses and governments to establish measures protecting critical energy. The
Forum and Seminar were successful in developing best practices for the security of the energy
sector through endorsements of various government-business partnerships.
The Head of the German Foreign Intelligence Agency announced on 12 October 2006 that
attacks on energy facilities worldwide, intended to hinder the delivery of gas and oil, have been
rising sharply.86
During her visit to the Joint Anti-Terrorism Defense Center (GTAZ) on 8 January 2007 Angela
Merkel emphasized the importance of the organization’s antiterrorism database87.
83
NATO rapid-reaction force gets nod, The Peninsula Online, (Qatar), 30 November 2006. Date of Access: 5
January 2007.
www.thepeninsulaqatar.com/Display_news.asp?section=World_News&subsection=Rest+of+the+World&month=N
ovember2006&file=World_News2006113043348.xml
84
Partner Nations Endorse Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism Statement of Principles, US Department
of State,
(Washington), 7 November 2006. Date of Access: 5 January 2007. www.state.gov/t/isn/rls/fs/75845.htm
85
Global Forum for Partnerships between States and Businesses to Counter Terrorism, Official Site of Russia's G8
Presidency in 2006, (St. Petersburg), 30 November 2006. Date of Access: 11 January 2006.
www.en.g8russia.ru/page_work/32.html
86
Germany spy boss says attacks on energy rising, Reuters AlertNet, (Berlin), 12 October 2006. Date of Access: 5
January 2007. www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L12894551.htm
87
Briefing of Chancellor Angela Merkel in the Joint Terrorism Defense Center (GTAZ) in Berlin. The Press and
Information Office of the Federal Government, the 8th January 2007.
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6562/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/01/2007-01-08-bundeskanzlerin-besucht-
terrorismusabwehrzentrum__en.html Date of Access: March 17, 2007
20
On 9-11 February 2007 Germany hosted the 43rd Security Conference in Munich the central
topics of which were terrorism and energy security88.
On 12-13 February 2007 Germany took part in the second meeting on the Global Initiative to
combat nuclear terrorism in Ankara. The aim of the meeting was to adopt a plan to implement
the statement of principles agreed upon by these nations at an October 2006 meeting in Rabat.
Participants agreed to meet again in Kazakhstan in June 2007 to review the progress of Global
Initiative activities, take specific steps to address gaps in implementation89.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova and Daniil Gorbatenko
18. Stabilization and Reconstruction (UN)
“In order to facilitate the UN's rapid and efficient response to crises, G8 states commit to
pursuing reforms in the United Nations to ensure that resources are available in advance
to the UN as it works to establish new peacekeeping and peace support operations pre-
positioning equipment in Brindisi, an increase in pre-authorization funds to support
DPKO's planning, and the authority to identify personnel in advance of a UNSC
resolution mandating a new PKO;”
Germany: 0
In April 2007 Germany had still not fully complied with its commitment to work towards
stabilization and reconstruction in the framework of UN.
German troops continue to take part in UN peacekeeping operations, also Germany pledges
money for these operations. Trying to solve Lebanon crises Germany pledged over a third of the
total sum contributed by the EU (400 million euro)90. Germany actively takes part in UN
programs. The German contingent was responsible for carrying out evacuations in the area in
and around Kinshasa (Congo) during the elections in March 200791. The German armed forces
are currently providing 850 troops and eight vessels92, and Germany is ready to send more than
2000 soldiers to South Lebanon, as a part of the United Nation's "UNIFIL"-troops93.
But the German commitment to the UN problems is much verbal. Moreover, as far as ensuring
“that resources are available in advance to the UN as it works to establish new peacekeeping and
peace support operations” is concerned, Germany usually deals with these issues on the behalf of
the EU. Also the German government has not taken measures to ensure an increase in pre-
authorization funds to support DPKO’s planning or identify personnel in advance.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova and Tatiana Lanshina
88
http://www.securityconference.de/
89
http://www.turkishweekly.net/news.php?id=42630
http://www.sgpproject.org/Personal%20Use%20Only/070222nuketism.htm
90
Aid for Lebanon, January 30, 2007, http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/YSAR-
6XXNZH?OpenDocument
91
Congo election process gets off to peaceful start, 31.07.2006,
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/07/2006-07-31-friedlicher-wahlauftakt-im-
kongo__en.html
92
For a Sovereign Lebanon, 02.04.2007,
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Artikel/2007/04/2007-04-02-nahostreise-dritter-tag-
libanon__en.html
93
Germany to Send 2, 000 Troops to Lebanon, downloaded on 13.04.2007,
http://www.myantiwar.org/view/91817.html
21
19. Global Partnership (Non-Proliferation)
“We remain committed to our pledges in Kananaskis to raise up to $20 billion through 2012
for the Global Partnership, initially in Russia, to support projects to address priority areas
identified in Kananaskis and to continue to turn these pledges into concrete actions.”
Germany: 0
Germany registered an acceptable level of compliance with its commitment to continue
supporting the Global Partnership Program.
German officials worked together with the United States and Russia in a secret operation to
transfer almost 600 pounds of abandoned, Soviet-made nuclear material from a former East
German research lab to a secure site in Russia on 22 December 2006. This operation was carried
out under the Global Threat Reduction Initiative.94 However, Germany’s input in this operation
is not specified.
On 18 January 2007 the CSIS Strengthening the Global Partnership Project and the CSIS Europe
Program co-hosted on the 18th of January 2007 a luncheon roundtable discussion with Mr.
Hellmut Hoffman, Germany's Director for Nuclear Arms Control and Nonproliferation in the
Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Director Hoffman remarked on Germany's nonproliferation
priorities during its 2007 G8 and EU presidencies.95
At the Murmansk seminar on the problems of decommissioning of nuclear service vessels on 7
February 2007 it was declared that the joint Russian-German nuclear decommissioning project is
in progress at Saida Bay on Russia’s Kola Peninsula envisions the creation of a shore-based
long-term storage facility for the storage of 120 reactor blocks, including all necessary
infrastructure. The project is aimed at improving and maintaining the safety of the environment
and arranging for the material and technical development of the Russian sites involved in nuclear
submarine decommissioning for the smooth and dynamic course of the decommissioning
process.96 However, Germany’s input in this operation is not specified.
In accordance with Germany budget for 2007, the country has to support Russia in the
framework of the Global Partnership in the amount of 57 mln. Euro,97 which is less than the
minimum pledge expected form Germany by the G8 (150 mln. euro according to the minimum
funding formula).
Hence, Germany is scored “0” for a partial compliance with the commitment.
Analyst: Igor Churkin and Daniil Gorbatenko
94
Lock away nukes, Orlando Sentinel, (Orlando), 22 December 2006. Date of Access: 3 January 2006.
www.sgpproject.org/Personal%20Use%20Only/122206gtrieditorial.htm.
95
Strengthening the Global Partnersnip, 18.01.07, http://www.sgpproject.org/events/events_index.html Date of
access 14.03.07.
96
Strengthening the Global Partnersnip, Nuclear service ships problem hard to tackle, Murmansk seminar agrees,
07.02.07, http://www.sgpproject.org/Personal%20Use%20Only/070210bellona.htm, Date of access 14.03.07.
97
Bundeshaushalt 2007, http://www.bundesfinanzministerium.de/bundeshaushalt2007/pdf/epl09/s090268787.pdf,
Date of access 27.03.07.
22
20. Middle East (Lebanon)
“We will support the economic and humanitarian needs of the Lebanese people, including the
convening at the right time of a donors conference”.
Germany: 0
Germany registered a medium level of compliance with regard to its St. Petersburg commitment
to provide economic and humanitarian support to the Lebanese people.
Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul participated in the International Donor
Conference for Lebanon in Stockholm (31 August, 2006) and promised that Germany will
pledge 22 million euro for the year 2006 (which constitutes 6,67 % of the overall G8 pledge).98
Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul said at the special session of Parliament on
the 19th of September 2006 that Germany intends to strengthen its humanitarian aid for the
Middle East and will return Lebanon to its former status as a partner country for German
development cooperation99.
Germany assisted Lebanon in the civilian reconstruction effort. The German government has
made available 3 million euros for the repair of 34 vocational schools in Lebanon, and more than
10,000 Lebanese students at vocational schools are now able to resume their education thanks to
German support (December, 14 2006)100.
Parliament approved sending German troops for UNIFIL-Mission in Lebanon (1.500 marine
soldiers, 100 air forces, 400 soldiers assisting in governance and logistic, 100 assisting in
training of military forces)101.
According to the Periodic Report published by the Presidency of the Council of Ministers in
Lebanon, Germany has pledged a total of USD51 million (13 mln. – in 2006, and 38 mln. – for
2007; througn Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau – Reconstruction Bank). Germany also provided
donations in kind (food, medicine, etc.), estimated at 19,25 tons.102
During the International Lebanon Donor Conference in Paris on 25 January 2007 Germany
pledged 103 mln. euros for reconstruction in Lebanon for 2007, of which €63 million was
earmarked for vocational training and water management.103
On 6 March 2007 Germany’s deputy interior minister declared his country would set up a
“modern” project to monitor the Lebanese-Syrian border in North Lebanon. “This project will be
98
Development Minister Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul in Stockholm at the International Donor Conference for
Lebanon http://www.bmz.de/de/presse/pm/pm_20060831.html (Press Office of the Federal Ministry for Economic
Cooperation and Development) Date of Access: 28 December 2006
99
The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_6516/Content/EN/Artikel/2006/09/2006-09-19-Steinmeier-wirbt-Zustimmung-
Libanon__en.html Date of Access: 28 December 2006
100
Press Office of the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
http://www.bmz.de/en/press/pm/pm_20061214_1.html Date of Access: 27 December 2006
101
The Press and Information Office of the Federal Government. 20 Spetember 2006.
http://www.bundesregierung.de/nn_774/Content/DE/Artikel/2006/09/2006-09-20-bundestag-stimmt-erster-nahost-
mission-zu.html Date of Access: 29 December 2006
102
Lebanon: On the Road to Reconstruction and Recovery. A Periodic Report published by the Presidency of the
Council of Ministers. On the post-July 2006. Recovery & Reconstruction Activities. 21 November 2006.
http://www.rebuildlebanon.gov.lb/images_Gallery/On%20the%20Road%20to%20Reconstruction%20and%20Reco
veryEn.pdf/. Date of access: 25 April 2007.
103
Lebanon Donor Conference. Spiegel Online International. January 26, 2007.
http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,462441,00.html Date of access: 25 April 2207.
23
very developed and modern and is aimed at showing the Lebanese how to monitor the border in
a good way,” August Hanning said104.
On April 13 2007 German delegation led by German Ambassador Dr. Marius Haas took part in
the bilateral Lebanese-German conference in Beirut aimed at providing an overview of the
distribution of German funds donated to Lebanon.105 It was declared at the conference that
Germany had donated $ 135 million to civilian reconstruction projects in Lebanon since the 2006
war with Israel.
Germany attended the donors conference and made a significant financial commitment to the
economic and humanitarian needs of the Lebanese people, that’s why Germany receives a score
“+1” for the compliance of the commitment.
Analyst: Arina Shadrikova and Daniil Gorbatenko
104
Germany promises 'modern' project to monitor Syrian border. The Daily Star. 6 March 2007.
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=80184 Date of access: 25 April 2007.
105
$135 million in German aid benefits range of projects. The Daily Star. 14 April 2007.
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_ID=1&article_ID=81427&categ_id=2 Date of access: 25 April
2007.
24
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