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Connection-oriented Ethernet
Attributes and Applications
Ralph Santitoro
Ralph.Santitoro@us.fujitsu.com
3Q09 Toronto Meeting
July 22, 2009
Contents
• CLE and COE: 2 implementations of Ethernet
• COE Attributes
• COE Applications
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 2
Connectionless Ethernet (CLE)
Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) Challenges
• Ethernet switches forward frames to correct port based
on destination MAC address (DA)
• If destination MAC address unknown, switches
broadcast frames to all ports (called flooding)
• Flooding creates additional BW requirements on all links
• Amount of flooding is not predictable
– DA becomes known by ―learning‖
– DA becomes unknown when the bridges age out MAC table entries in
their memory ~ 5 minutes
– Table entry will not age out if frames keep coming—but no one can
control this
Flooding plays havoc with QoS and resource reservation
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 4
Flooding Simplified
I know where C is (for now) Where is C again?
CE A CE A DA=C CE B
B CE
DA=C DA=C
Multipoint Multipoint
EVC EVC
DA=C DA=C
C C
CE CE
Destination MAC address Flooding: Destination MAC address
has a known destination port has unknown destination port
DA = Destination Address
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 5
CLE Challenges: Spanning Tree Protocol
A CE CE B A CE CE B
STP Failover
Blocked
Link
Link New STP
D CE Failure CE
C Blocked Link C
D CE CE
STP: up to 2s protection switching speeds. Difficult provisioning
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 6
Connection-oriented Ethernet (COE)
• Provides explicit definition of Ethernet paths
– Disables Ethernet MAC address learning & flooding
– Ethernet paths could be:
• End to end (EVC)
• Individual network segments
• Resource reservation and admission control per
EVC per CoS
– Per-connection (EVC/Path) traffic management and
traffic engineering
COE addresses the CLE challenges
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 7
COE Supported Network Topologies / MEF Service Types
Linear
Mesh
(E-Line or E-Tree) Ring
E-Line Hub & Spoke (E-Line or E-Tree)
(E-Tree or Service
Multiplexed EVPL)
COE supports many topologies to support popular Ethernet services
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 8
EMS/NMS Plays Critical Role for COE
• COE does not use bridging control protocols
– NMS used to provision VLAN ―cross connects‖ and tunnels
• COE relies on EMS/NMS for
– Setup working/protect traffic engineered EVCs or network
segments
– Setup bandwidth profiles (CIR/EIR) with BW reservation
• CIR is really ―guaranteed‖ like with SONET/SDH
– Other OAM function such as Fault Management
COE places more emphasis on the importance of the NMS
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 9
COE: The best of both worlds
Connectionless Ethernet SONET / SDH
• Layer 2 Aggregation • Deterministic and precision QoS
• Statistical Multiplexing • Bandwidth reserved per STS / STM
• Flexible Bandwidth Granularity • 99.999% Availability
• Cost Effectiveness • Highest Security (L1 service)
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
• Layer 2 Aggregation and Statistical Multiplexing
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per connection
• Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
• 99.999% Availability
• Cost effectiveness
• Highest Security
COE makes Carrier Ethernet more like a Layer 1 service
but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 10
COE Key Benefits
Attributes Benefits
Deterministic, Predictable,
Explicit Definition of Ethernet Path
Scalable, Secure
Resource Reservation and
Guaranteed SLA’s
Connection Admission Control
Per Connection QoS Bandwidth Profiles
and Traffic Engineering Tiered Services
Comprehensive Monitoring and
Robust Ethernet OAM
Troubleshooting
Carrier Class Service Protection < 50ms Protection / Restoration
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 11
11
Why COE ?
• Makes Ethernet more like SONET which has
dominated the metro network
– Network operations procedures similar to SONET
– Smooth transition for SONET-trained operations personnel
• Easily scales to meet large scale metro
connectivity and aggregation requirements
• Ideally suited for:
– EoX Aggregation for handoff to service edge networks
– Mobile Backhaul Networks
– High Performance EVPL and EPL services
COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 12
Different approaches to COE
MPLS-centric COE Ethernet-centric COE
Static PW T-MPLS MPLS-TP PBB-TE VLAN Tag
Switching
Eth PW MPLS LSP
PW Eth
Eth S-VLAN or PBB-TE Eth
• Ethernet • Ethernet
• MPLS Pseudowire (PW)
• MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP)
• Ethernet-centric COE now being used in metro networks
• MPLS-centric COE
– Standards being developed.
– Proposed usage for interconnection of MPLS core routers
Ethernet-centric COE being deployed today
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 13
COE Attributes
Attributes of Connection-oriented Ethernet
Standardized Services
• EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree
• MEF 6, MEF 10.2
Deterministic QoS
• Low Delay, Delay Variation, Loss High Scalability
• Y.1731, 802.1ag, MEF 10.2 • Millions of EVCs
• Bandwidth Resource Reservation • Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
COE
Attributes
Full Service Management High Reliability
• Link Fault Management • 50ms Protection / Restoration
• 802.3ah • G.8031
• Service (EVC) Fault Management • 802.3ad Link Aggregation
• Y.1731, 802.1ag,
Security
• Bridging disabled - no vulnerabilities
• L2 DOS attacks mitigated
• MAC DOS attacks mitigated
COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 15
COE Security: Comparable to SONET
• Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic
– similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks
• With COE, MAC Address Learning / Flooding is disabled
– MAC Address spoofing cannot occur
– MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur
• With COE, vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs)
like STP are disabled
– Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DOS attacks) are mitigated
• With COE, bridging is disabled so additional ports
cannot be bridged to the point-to-point service
– Traffic snooping cannot occur
COE provides security comparable Layer 1 (EoSONET)
but without any of SONET bandwidth utilization issues
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 16
Ethernet OAM for COE
Fault Comparable to
Standard
Management SONET
ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag Tunnel Layer STS Path / VCG
ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag Service (EVC) Layer VT1.5 or STS Path
IEEE 802.3ah Link (physical) Layer SONET Line
Tunnel OAM Service OAM
FLASHWAVE EVC1
CDS EVC1, 2 and 3
FLASHWAVE
EVC2 MSC
FLASHWAVE
CDS CDS
EVC3
FLASHWAVE
CDS Link
Link OAM
COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 17
COE Attributes for Network Survivability
• IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)
– For local (link level) diversity and protection
– If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load
– Can implement 1:1 protection with working/protect LAG members
• ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection
– for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection
– Similar to SONET 1+1 UPSR path protection
– Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path
– Independent of Network Topology
• Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies
COE achieves high availability via multiple levels of protection
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 18
COE Provides Dedicated Protection Switching
• Ethernet Linear Protection (ITU-T G.8031)
– Dedicated protection resources
– < 50ms protection switching time
– Simple provisioning
Link
Failure Failover
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 19
Link and Path Protection Equivalency
SONET 1+1
1+1 1+1
OC-N OC-N OC-192
CE UPSR PE
1+1 OC-N 1+1 OC-N
Ethernet
1:1 1:1 1:1
LAG LAG LAG
G.8031
CE GE GE
10GE PE
10GE 10GE
1:1
LAG
COE protection similar to SONET
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 20
COE Applications
COE Application Categories
• Transport and Infrastructure
– Layer 2 Aggregation to Service Edge Networks
– Mobile Backhaul
– Triple Play Residential Broadband Backhaul
• IPTV, Video on Demand, Internet Access, Voice
– Access to Network-based IP/MPLS VPNs
– Access to MPLS Inter-Metro Core Network
• Service Delivery
– Layer 2 connectivity services
• EPL and EVPL
• EP-Tree and EVP-Tree
– Ethernet Internet Access (EIA)
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 22
COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure
EoF Internet Access
GbE/10GbE
GbE/10GbE VoIP/ IMS
Aggregation Network
Eoλ
IP VPN
COE EoX
EoPDH MPLS Inter-Metro
NxDS-1 LD Core
PDH Access
NxDS-3 Network
MTSO
EoCu
Copper Access Video Serving Office
Network GbE
EoS Switched Ethernet
SONET Services
CPE EoX Access Aggregation Service Edges
COE for Ethernet Aggregation for all Service Edge Networks
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 23
23
COE for Business Ethernet Services
EPL EVPL
EVC UNI Service EVC UNI
Multiplexed
UNI UNI
COE COE
UNI Network UNI Network
EVC UNI EVC UNI
Retail Ethernet Services
Service Wholesale
Provider Access Provider
Network Network
UNI E-NNI UNI
EVC OVC
COE COE
Wholesale Ethernet Services
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 24
COE for Mobile Backhaul
UNI COE Backhaul
Transport Network
Cell Sites
MTSO
UNI
UNI
UNI UNI
• E-Line and E-Tree Service Types highly
suitable for Mobile Backhaul Networks
COE meets the stringent requirements of Mobile Backhaul
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 25
Summary
• COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier
Ethernet
– With added Security benefits
• COE provides a common metro EoX aggregation
solution
– for Ethernet access to all service edge networks
• COE facilitates the evolution of SONET metro transport
networks to Carrier Ethernet
– COE is operationally similar to SONET
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto 26
COE Discussion
