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INASP Optimising and managing bandwidth in low bandwidth environments
The bandwidth challenge
Bandwidth management and
optimization • Available bandwidth is limited and insufficient
to meet demand
in research and education institutions • Existing capacity is usually running at
maximum capacity
in low bandwidth environments – As a result it is often unusable
– Universal flat lining during working hours
• The cost of bandwidth is extremely high
Martin Belcher • Expanding bandwidth capacity is limited due
<mbelcher@inasp.info>
to finances, supply, technology
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
What does this mean? Detail of the challenge
• The university is not participating in the digital information
revolution
• Bandwidth is a resource that is…
– The university is not providing its staff, researchers and students with the – Limited, in high demand, expensive, of high value
information they require
– Existing digital library resources are under-utilised, further investment in • Existing bandwidth is often not managed
digital library technology is unrewarding (high cost/low use)
– Lack of access to up-to-date, local, regional and global research information • 59% of institutions do not monitor or manage
= restricted research potential
bandwidth at all
• Low level of return on investment
– High network costs (c.$5000+ per month) • Further examination of the data indicates that
– Low level of use (page downloads taking >10 minutes)
this figure is in fact much higher
• Low incentive to invest more within the university infrastructure
• See the ATICS Report: www.atics.info for full details of
– Poor ICT investment (including staff, training, etc.)
the situation in African universities
– More computers / same bandwidth = slower access / less research
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Possible solutions?
• Do nothing ! ATICS: “Improving bandwidth
– often the reality but not the answer management is probably the easiest way
• More bandwidth and lower cost for universities to improve the quantity
– Local, national and international consortia
and quality of their bandwidth for
• Better management of the existing resource
– Improved access, no additional bandwidth costs educational purposes.”
• Combined approach (low cost + management)
– Half price + double usable speed = quadruple
access
– Increased long-term sustainability
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
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INASP Optimising and managing bandwidth in low bandwidth environments
Executive management roles in
Bandwidth management
bandwidth management
1. Monitoring and management of available resource • Leadership
2. Optimisation of the resource to ensure value for – Authority behind a decision or action is essential
money and fitness of purpose
• Supportive policy environment
– Any developments must be sponsored and
• Three key groups to ensure success: advocated
– Executive management
– Senior implementation management • Strategic direction
– Technical staff involved in the day-to-day implementation – Bandwidth management needs to be integrated
within the university policy
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Leadership and strategic direction Supportive policy environment
• How does bandwidth connectivity help to • Policy is an enabling element of higher
achieve strategic aims and objectives? education management
• What implications are there for policy, – Some things are denied in order to make other
things possible
resources and priorities within the institution?
– Without policy it is impossible to manage key
• How can the strategy be realised by actions aspects of bandwidth use
and results? – Policies will need to restrict how bandwidth is used
• How can consensus be achieved and (and is unlikely to be popular if managed badly)
mobilised? • Policy development must be consultative,
– Changing working patterns may be unpopular supported and led from the top
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Leadership and accountability Resourcing
• Successful implementation of bandwidth • Bandwidth management is a strategic priority
strategy can only be achieved by ensuring – no institution of higher education can deliver on its
accountability: mission without good connectivity
– Within the IT department • Resources need to be identified to ensure
– Within the user community successful implementation of bandwidth
– Within the executive management management
• Consider no expansion of connectivity until
current resource is well managed
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
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INASP Optimising and managing bandwidth in low bandwidth environments
Recommendations for senior
The IT department as a resource
management
• The IT department must be adequately • Make bandwidth management a priority
equipped and managed • Be safe (ensure safe Internet access)
– appropriate IT governance • Respond to demands
– appropriate alignment of IT operations with
institutional objectives • Encourage positive behaviour
– appropriate resourcing of IT staff and operations • Monitor the IT team
– appropriate benchmarking and explanation of • Give everyone an identity (user monitoring)
bandwidth use
• Evaluate connection options regularly
• Join forces (collaboration with other institutions)
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
What is available?
• Information briefing packs targeted at senior institutional
Management seminars, training support managers and ICT professionals.
• Policy development workshops and training materials to support
and information resources to support the development of supportive policy environments.
• Network traffic monitoring and analysis workshops, training
bandwidth management capacity materials and software tools.
development • Community portal for resource distribution and online
information exchange.
• Network control and network traffic shaping workshops, training
materials and software tools.
• Content caching and filtering and authentication workshops,
training materials and software tools.
• Standalone training and documentation resources in bandwidth-
friendly Email service provision and scheduled download
strategies and techniques.
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
When and where? Institutions and NRENs getting involved
• Seminars and training will be run at national and local • NRENs (where they exist) could host a regional,
level in: national or local seminar or workshop events
– Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania, • Institutional representatives participating in the
Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe
seminars or training workshops
• Regional events for francophone Africa:
– Rwanda, Senegal, Cote d'Ivoire, Congo and at least one
• Providing additional support to extend the
other country programme beyond the current funding
• Timetable boundaries
– Pilot workshops October 2005, further workshops after this • NRENs would seem ideal holders and facilitators
every 1-3 months of this information
• Technical partners involved in software tool
development
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
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INASP Optimising and managing bandwidth in low bandwidth environments
Further information …
Thank you
• More information on the Bandwidth
Management and Optimisation programme Further information on bandwidth management and
can be found in: optimisation:
– Optimising Internet Bandwidth in Developing http://www.inasp.info/bandwidth/
Country Higher Education
The bandwidth management and optimisation programme is supported by:
In print and also online: http://www.inasp.info/pubs in VLIR: This programme is undertaken as the "Optimization of the use and management of bandwidth ay
English, French or Spanish university level" undertaken with financial support from the Flemish Interuniversity Council.
IDRC: This programme is undertaken as the "Supporting training for the optimization of university
– http://www.inasp.info/training/bandwidth/ bandwidth in Africa" undertaken with financial support from the Canada Fund for Africa.
More information about the entire support programme,
workshops, resources and publications
African Research & Education Networking African Research & Education Networking
25-27 September 2005 CERN 25-27 September 2005 CERN
Copyright: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/
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