Equipment Selection for the Painting Contractor

Report as inappropriate Your report has been received

Shared by: qnl49935

Tags

painting contractors, painting contractor, commercial painting, exterior painting, interior painting, painting company, house painting, house painters, how to, painting services, painting and decorating, paint job, professional painting, a painting, spray equipment

Stats

views:: 98
posted:: 5/25/2010
language:: English
pages:: 8

Public Domain

Document Sample

R A I N I N G Equipment Selection for the Painting Contractor
DIVISION
1. THE APPLICATION:
Assuming that a spray process is selected as the best 1. A small job: When the paint is purchased in quart
method for the application of a coating, then the selection or gallon size containers and the application rate
of the proper equipment must be considered. Spray equip- would not exceed five gallons total per day. Example:
ment components can be assembled into systems capable spray finishing an individual furniture piece, the
of satisfying the needs and requirements of virtually any basement of a home, kitchen cabinets, or other small
type of coating application. individual applications.
The selection of these components should be based upon
the answer to the question, “What exactly do I want to
accomplish?” To help in answering this question consider
the following:

A. THE PURPOSE OF THE APPLICATION:
1. Decorative-The spray application of coatings for
the prime purpose of improving the appearance of
the object. Multiple layers of the coating material
will also result in giving protection to the surface to
some degree, but this benefit is secondary. Usually
the coatings in this field are fairly thin or low in vis-
cosity and require fine atomization. Example: lac-
quers, stains, varnishes, enamels, and interior house
paints.
2. A medium job: When the paint is purchased in
2. Protective-The application of a coating which five-gallon containers and the application rate would
has been designed primarily for the protection of the not exceed 30 gallons per day. Example: the spray
surface. The surface appearance may be improved painting of homes, farm buildings, small industrial
by this application but this is considered secondary. plants.
Protective coatings are usually in the range of
medium to heavy viscosity, and fine atomization is
generally not required and cannot be achieved when
the coating is applied over a rough surface. Exam-
ples of these types of coatings are: exterior house
paint, coal tar epoxy, fire retardant coatings, plasti-
soles, vinyls, alkyds, block fillers.

B. NATURE OF THE MATERIAL:
The coating material required should be selected from a
reputable material supplier and the following character-
istics or nature of the coating must be considered:
1. The consistency, or viscosity. Is the material very
thin, medium or thick? How does it flow? 3. Large job: When paint is purchased in 55 gallon
2. The nature of the material. Is it abrasive, adhesive, drums and consumption exceeds 30 gallons per day.
or catalyzed? What is its cure rate? Does it require Example: the painting of bridges, large storage
agitation or any special handling considerations? tanks, or large industrial buildings.
3. Regardless of whether the material is standard or
non-standard, always follow the supplier’s rec-
ommendations for preparation and application
of materials.

C. THE MATERIAL VOLUME:
The amount of material required to do the job and the
size of the container in which the material is purchased
will indicate the type of equipment that will be required
to apply the material. 55 GAL.
D. THE APPLICATION RATE: The equipment necessary to supply fluid to the spray
The size, complexity, and cost of equipment varies gun will be determined by the amount of material you
directly with the size of the job and the application rate: must apply in a given period of time. When materials are
Large jobs, high volume, and fast application require purchased in quart or gallon cans, your fluid supply
large equipment. could be a siphon cup, pressure cup, or small pressure
tank. When material is bought in five gallon cans, you
II. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED: could use medium size pressure tanks or a small pump-
ing system. When the material is purchased in 55 gallon
Spray equipment can be classified into several different
drum quantities, large pressure tanks or pumping sys-
types. In many instances one type of equipment can be
tems will be required. Air controls should be used on
used to perform many functions. A thorough working
pressure tanks and airless pumps to control the fluid
knowledge of these classifications will help in making the
pressure. When using internal mix nozzles, two air reg-
proper selection.
ulators on the pressure tanks is a must, because these
A. TYPE OF EQUIPMENT: nozzles require approximately equal air and fluid pres-
sure at the spray gun. When material requires agita-
1. Air atomization-Material is delivered to the
tion/or filtration, accessory equipment is available for
spray gun by either siphon or pressure feed. Jets of
compressed air are then introduced at the front end these purposes.
of the spray gun to tear the material apart into small
droplets and impart direction and velocity to these C. AIR COMPRESSOR:
droplets. This action can take place either outside the
air nozzle (external mix) or inside the air nozzle (in-
ternal mix). Siphon spraying (external mix) is best
suited for limited production with light, finishing
type material where fine atomization and low cost is
required. It is ideal also for applications where small
amounts of relatively thin materials are required.
Pressure feed spraying (external mix) is best suited
to applications requiring medium to large quantities
of finishing type materials that require extra fine
atomization. Pressure feed spraying (internal mix) is
best when using maintenance or protective coat-
ings where super fine atomization is not required,
such as spraying over rough surfaces where mini-
mum overspray and rebound are desired. Internal
mix is also ideal when small quantities of air are
available and large areas must be covered.
2. Airless Spray: (Hydraulic Spraying)-Uses a
specially designed paint pump to deliver paint to the
airless spray gun under relative high pressure. The
fluid is then released through a small nozzle orifice.
The resulting high fluid velocity causes the material
to be torn apart or atomized. Airless spraying is best The air compressor is the most important part of any.
suited to applications where medium to large areas compressed air operated spray system. The air com-
are to be covered with maintenance coatings or pressor is the heart of the system because it is the energy
where high film builds and flow rates are required. source by which the system operates.
Airless spraying is the fastest means of applying a
coating and will also produce less rebound when the The most important specification of a compressor is the
equipment is set correctly and the proper spray tech- volume of air that the compressor will deliver per min-
niques are used. ute (CFM). Unfortunately, many people think that the
pressure (PSI) is the most important factor, but this is
3. Air-assisted airless-In an air-assisted airless
incorrect. The more CFM’s, (or volume of air avail-
(or air/airless) system, a fluid pump delivers coating
able), the larger the type of air nozzle that can be used
material, at pressures ranging from 150 to 800 psi, to
or the bigger the airless pump that can be run’. The
a spray gun containing an airless tip. The airless tip
amount of CFM air available will determine the amount
pre-atomizes the coating, creating a dense, slow-
of material that can be properly atomized in a given
moving pattern with very little overspray. A small
period of time, and the speed of the application. Note: A
amount of compressed air (5 to 20 psi) is introduced 1 H.P. compressor using an electric motor will produce
to shape, soften, and complete the atomization. The approximately 4 CFM at 100 PSI. Using this rule of
result is a well-formed, finely atomized pattern with thumb enables one to calculate the amount of air that is
a minimum of overspray.
available from a compressor. A gasoline powered com-
8. FLUID SUPPLY: pressor requires about 2 HP. to produce approximately
4 CFM at 100 PSI. When working with portable com-
pressors, remember that a 1.5 H.P. electric unit is max-
imum for most house outlets. When more air volume is
required it is advisable to consider a gasoline powered
unit. Air regulators should be provided to control the
flow of air to the spray equipment. If possible, filters
and oil and water extractors should be employed to in-
sure clean, dirt free air. This will minimize finish con-
Siphon Pressure Electric tamination, pump freezing and lengthens the life of air
Cup Tank Airless operated equipment.
2
D. HOSE AND FITTINGS: Air-assisted airless spray guns: are designed
The proper size hose and fittings are important in con- for spraying paints and coatings utilizing the air/air-
veying the air and fluid to the spray gun. Selection less method. The fluid is delivered to the spray gun
should be made so that the pressure loss in the system at low airless pressures (150 to 800 psi) where it is
remains at a minimum by using the proper connections pre-atomized in an airless tip. Atomization is com-
and a hose with a large enough inside diameter. When pleted by introducing compressed air at low pressure
selecting hoses consider the following: to the airless pattern. The result is a finely atomized
1. The volume of air or fluid the hose must carry. pattern that produces a finish that closely resembles
the high-quality finish obtainable with air atomiza-
2. The working pressure of the system. tion.
3. The viscosity of the fluid.
Special purpose spray guns: are designed to
4. The temperature of the fluid. perform certain specialized applications, e.g. blow
5. The type of material and solvents that are going to guns, dusting guns, car washing spray guns, flow
pass through the hose. guns, flock guns, solvent guns, and glitter guns.
6. The length of the hose required.
E. TYPE OF SPRAY GUN:
Spray guns are selected according to their function and
where they are going to be used. The nozzles used on
spray guns are selected according to the type of material
that is going to be sprayed and the amount of material
to be atomized in a given time. The more volume of air
the nozzle requires, the faster the material can be atom-
ized or the finer the atomization will be. With airless
tips the larger the nozzletip orifice (Hole) the faster the
material can be applied.’ The wider the angle of the tip
the greater the area which can be covered with each
pass of the spray gun. Remember that one must have
sufficient air volume available or a pump large enough
to supply the material demand of the fluid nozzle or
airless tip.
1. Heavy-duty production spray guns: are built
of the finest materials, and include many design
features not available in lighter weight equipment.
They are designed to be used under heavy produc-
tion conditions and are built to provide day to day
reliability.
Model 115
2. High volume low pressure spray guns: are
used for full production operation. They atomize 6
coatings with high volume low pressure air to comply
with EPA regulations in many areas. Higher transfer
efficiency also.

3. Touch-up spray guns: provide a smaller spray
pattern and are used for coating small objects, shad-
ing and toning of furniture and because of their light
weight, are preferred by many women spray oper-
ators. They use less air than production spray
guns, however they still produce the same type Model 36
finish as the larger type but require more time for
the application.
6
4. Heavy fluid spray guns: are used to apply heavy
viscosity materials under production conditions, e.g.
asphalt coatings, texture finishes, drywall surfaces,
and block fillers.

5. Lightweight (small application type) spray
guns: are intended for use with small portable air
compressors, small applications required by the
home owner or small contractor. They are capable of
producing a fine finish, however at a much slower
speed than the production spray guns.
6. Airless spray guns: are designed to withstand the F. SAFETY EQUIPMENT:
high pressures required in the airless atomization The type of safety equipment required for the protection
method and provide a means of turning the fluid on of the spray operator and others in the area is most im-
and off. Fluid flow is controlled by the proper selec- portant. However, the most important factor is common
tion of the airless tips, by their orifice and angle. sense. This equipment includes face respirators, chem-
ical respirators, hood respirators, and air masks.
Ill. SPRAY EQUIPMENT SELECTION: A. CONSIDERATION GUIDE:
A thorough knowledge of each component that makes up a sys- AS an aid in selecting the best possible equipment for your par-
tern should be reviewed. This may be accomplished by referring titular application the following chart should be reviewed and
to training division bulletins covering the various parts that the equipment check list filled out.
make up each system.
FOR DECORATIVE AND PROTECTIVE APPLICATIONS
1. The size of job Small Medium Large
2. Material purchased in One gallon cans Five gallon cans Fifty-five gallon drum
3. Required by Homeowner. small contrac- Medium size contractor (reg- Large contractors (sprays
tor, (sprays occasionally) ularly spraying small to large areas)
medium areas)
4. Type equipment Air atomization (external or Air or airless (external or in- Air or airless (external, in-
(spraying process) internal mix) temal mix) ternal mix, heated, elec-
trostatic)
5. Compressed air supply l/4 H.P. to 1 H.P. electric 1.5 H.P. to 10 H.P. gas or 10 H.P. and up, diesel or
drive (hand carried units, electric (portable on wheels gas (skid or trailer
minimum regulation and with air receivers, air regula- mounted) air controls and
filtration equipment) tors and extractors moisture traps
6. Fluid supply equipment Siphon and pressure cups, Siphon and pressure cups, Pressure tanks, large air-
two gallon tanks (equipment medium size tanks, small air- less systems, low pressure
with regulators) less systems. (Equipped with pumps (all accessories ful-
controls, agitators, filters and ly equipped)
regulators)
7. Hose and fittings 1/4” to 3/8” I.D. hose (stan- 5/16” to 1/2” I.D. hose (stan- 5/16” to 1 1/2%” I.D. (all
dard type connections) dard type connections quick types and size hose and
change fittings) fittings, adapters, nipples
and valves)
8. Spray gun type Lightweight small application Standard production airless Heavy-duty standard type,
type. touch-up special purpose as required heavy fluid touch-up, spe-
cial type as required
9. Safety equipment Filter type respirator Filter type, chemical type, or All types of respirators,
hood type respirators protective clothing, and
barrier creams
10. Approximate cost of outfits $300 to $600 $600 to $3,000 $3,000 and up

B. TYPICAL BASIC EQUIPMENT LAYOUTS:
The units listed below and other items are the minimum needs
that one could anticipate requiring when considering the various
size jobs one would undertake.
1. SMALL SIZE JOBS:
Compressed air supply. . . . Model 34-3010 l/3 H.P. Compressor
Model 73-157 Metering Valve
Fluid supply . . . Model 81-560 Siphon Cup
Hose and fittings. . . Model 71-1705 Air Hose (5/16 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/l/4 NPS connections)
Spray gun.. . . . . . Model 370A Gun with a (87 X 87F) nozzle set up
Safety equipment . . . . Model 40-128 Respirator, cartridge type

Model 34-3010

Model

Model 40-128

4
2. MEDIUM SIZE JOBS:
Compressed air supply. . . . . . . Model 33-1142 Low Boy 1.5 HP
Model 86-944 Oil and Water Extractor
Model 73-157 Metering Valve
AIR ATOMIZATION
Fluid supply . . Model 81-500 Siphon Cup
Model 83-5668 Pressure Tank (2-gal.)
Hose and fittings. . . Model 71-1355 Air Hose (3/8 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-1205 Air Hose (5/16 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-2105 Fluid Hose (3/8 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/3/8 NPS connections)
Spray gun . . Model 2001 Gun with one of the following nozzle set-ups:
Siphon feed, external mix (66 x 66S)
Pressure feed, external mix (63C x 63P)
Pressure feed, internal mix (66SS x 204)

Model 40-128

Model 33-1142
Model 83-5868

AIRLESS ATOMIZATION
Fluid supply . . Model 41-4035 Comet 4B Pump, 30: 1 ratio, 1 GPM, complete outfit 98-912
Model 41-9500 Super BEE electric airless pump, complete outfit 98-990
Hose and fittings.. . . . Model 71-1355 Air Hose (3/8 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-7704 Fluid Hose, high pressure (l/4 in I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connection)
Model 71-7705 Fluid Hose, high pressure (l/4 in. I.D. x 50 ft. length w/l/4 NPS connection)
Model 71-691 Nipple (l/4 NPS x l/4 NPS)
Spray gun. . . . . . . . . . Model Airless 1 with the following tips:
Model 9-1540 for narrow angle work up to 8" spray pattern
Model 9-1860 for medium size work up to 14" spray pattern
Model 9-2180 for large areas up to 18" spray pattern
Safety equipment . Model 40-128 Respirator, cartridge type

Model 40-128
3. LARGE SIZE JOBS:
Compressed air supply. Model 33-1258 Compressor
Filter 86-944 Oil and Water Extractor
Model 73-157 Metering Valve
AIR ATOMIZATION
Fluid supply Model 83-5306 Pressure Tank 10 gals.) for conventional materials
Model 41-6846 Pump for heavy material, complete texture Outfit 98-791
Model 83-1846 In-line Strainer for light materials
Model 28-103 Funnel Strainer for light materials
Hose and fittings. Model 71-1506 Air Hose (3/4 in. I.D. x 50 ft. length w/3/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-1406 Air Hose (l/2 in. I.D. x 50 ft. length w/l/2 NPS connections)
Model 71-1355 Air Hose (3/8 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-1205 Air Hose (5/16 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/1/4 NPS connections)
Model 71-2105 Fluid Hose (3/8 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/3/8 NPS connections)
Model 71-2405 Fluid Hose (3/4 in. I.D. x 25 ft. length w/3/4 NPS connections)
Model 72-425 Nipple (314 NPS x 1/2 NPS)
Model 72-359 Adapter (1/2 NPS x 3/8 NPS)
Model 72-54 Adapter (3/8 NPS x 1/4 NPS)
Comet 3C S.S.
Model 83-1294 Nipple (3/8 NPS x 3/8 NPS)
Model 72-430 Swivel for heavy materials gun
Spray gun. . . . . Model 2001 Gun with one of the following nozzle set-ups:
Pressure feed, external mix (63C x 63PB)
Pressure feed, internal mix (67SS x 206)
AIRLESS ATOMIZATION
Fluid supply . . Model 41-13122 B5-18 Pump, 29:1 Ratio, 1.8 GPM,
complete outfit 98-2615
Spray gun. . . . Model Airless 1 (see page 5 for list of tips)
Model 42A Pole Gun 6 ft. long with the following tips:
Model 9-1840 for narrow angle work up to a 10-inch spray pattern
Model 9-2160 for medium size work up to a 15-inch spray pattern
Model 9-3190 for large areas work up to a 2l-inch spray pattern
Safety equipment Model 40-129 Respirator, cartridge type
Model 40- 170 Hood Respirator

Model 2001

Model 41-6846

6
C. EQUIPMENT CHECK LIST:
As each part is considered in making up a complete system
the following check list should be filled out. The cata-
logs listed will provide specific features and model num-
bers. Prices can be obtained by consulting the price list for
equipment.

CONSIDERATIONS
1. PURPOSE OF THE APPLICATION: . Decorative Protective Other
2. FLUID CHARACTERISTICS: . . Type of material
Viscosity: Thin Medium Thick
Nature of the material: Abrasives Corrosive
Special handling considerations are:

3. PAINT IS PURCHASED IN:. . . Ones Fives Fifty fives Other
4. TYPE OF EQUIPMENT:. . . . . . . . . Air Atomization: ~ External mix ___ I n t e r n a l m i x ~
Airless Atomization
Heated Electrostatic
SELECTION
SPRAY GUN TYPE: . . . . . . . . . . Air atomization
(Catalog A54- 19) Heavy-duty production - Standard Production - T o u c h - u p -
H e a v y f l u i d s - Lightweight (Homeowner) - B l e e d e r - or
Non-bleeder
Airless and Air-Assisted Airless atomization
Production Touch-up Heated
Heavy fluid
Special type
Pole gun - Flow gun - Flock gun -Dust gun -
Other types
Model number selected
Nozzle Set-up CFM required
Accessory items
Nozzle extensions Circulating connections Swivel
connections Strainer connections
Other items
Model numbers selected

COMPRESSED AIR SUPPLY. . . . . . . Actual CFM Required PSI
(Catalog AC) Compressor horsepower - P o r t a b l e - Stationary ___
E l e c t r i c - G a s - Single Stage - Two stage __
Model number selected
Accessory Items: - E x t r a c t o r s - A i r r e g u l a t o r s -
Lubricators
Other Items
Model numbers
FL U I D SUPPLY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Siphon cup - Pressure cup - Pressure tank - Size required -
(Catalog A98-29) Model number selected
Low pressure pump High pressure pump
Gallons required per minute Pressure required
R a t i o - Circulating system - N o n - c i r c u l a t i n g
Corrosion resistance required Abrasion resistance
Model Number
Accessories: Air control Pulsation chamber
Filter Screen size ____ Fluid regulator
Agitator I n n e r c o n t a i n e r o r l i n e r
Off-set strainer funnel Other items

Model numbers selected
SELECTION (continued)
HOSE AND FITTINGS. . . . . . . . . . Air Hose: CFM - I n s i d e D i a m e t e r ~ L e n g t h ~
(Catalog A72-6- 15) Maximum working pressure
Model numbers selected
Fluid hose: GPM ___ V i s c o s i t y : L i g h t - Medium
Heavy Length Inside Diameter
Solvent resistance: Yes No
Model numbers selected:

Connections Thread style: NPT - NPS - Male __ Female -
Size Type Connections: Removable - P u n c h L o c k -
Electrostatic Nylon retract Synflex
Airless Other
Q u a n t i t y a n d m o d e l n u m b e r s s e l e c t e d

Accessory items: - Nipples __ A d a p t e r s - Swivel Connection
V a l v e s - Quick Disconnects Others

Specify type thread style and size

Model numbers and quantities

SAFETY EQUIPMENT. . . . . . . . . .Filter respirators Chemical cartridge type Hood
(Catalog A40-4-13) respirators Self contained breathing equipment
Protective clothing - B a r r i e r c r e a m s - Safety glasses
Other considerations
Model numbers selected

IV. GETTING THE MOST FROM YOUR EQUIPMENT: B. MAINTENANCE:
To get the most from your spray painting system it must be Always follow the equipment manufacturers instructions
controlled. Remember that spray equipment can’t think for to the letter for maintaining the equipment you have. Try
itself, it will only obey you and the laws of physics. This is and clean the equipment as soon as the job is completed
the reason why people should be trained to use this equip- before the material has a chance to set up.
ment so maximum benefits can be realized. C. ACCESSORIES:
“Accessory” items are sometimes a necessary part of
A. CONTROLS: the system and enable you to receive maximum benefit
from your investment. Some of the importan! accesso-
Spray equipment will work only if you control it. The ries are:
following list of control points should be considered.
1. Air regulators for control of the operating pressures
1. Viscosity-is controlled by the addition or deletion in the system.
of heat or solvents. 2. Air and fluid filters for the removal of contaminants.
2. Fluid flow rate-Controlled by the selection of the 3. Blow guns to clean equipment and the surface prior
proper size fluid nozzle orifice and using the low- to spray painting, minimizing dirt contamination in
est possible pressure required to give you the fluid the final finish.
you need. 4. Agitators to minimize material handling cost and
insure uniformity of mix.
3. Atomizing pressure when the spray pattern is right; 5. Pole guns to extend your reach into those areas you
the pressure is right provided that the lowest pressure would like to reach.
necessary is used.
6. Quick change detachable connections for ease of
4. Overspray and rebound is controlled by using the equipment changeover and for simplifying main-
lowest possible pressure necessary to do the job. tenance.

Printed in 12/92

Binks Manufacturing Company q 9201 Belmont Ave., Franklin Park, IL 60131-2887 *Telephone (708) 671-3000