Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology

Center for Research and Exploration in Space Science and Technology (CRESST) NNGO6EO90A Annual Progress Report For the Year Ending 9/30/07 Submitted to the NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Michele Connerton, Grants Officer & Frank Marshall, Cooperative Agreement Technical Officer By the CRESST Team: University of Maryland, College Park University of Maryland, Baltimore County, and The Universities Space Research Association __________________________ Dr. Lee Mundy Director _____________ Date CRESST Year 1 Annual Progress Report Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY:……………………………………………………. Overview and Highlights………………………………………………… CRESST Year 1 Measure of Success…………………………………… 3 3 7 TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS:………………… 22 CRESST Staff Research Reports…………………………………………. 22 Proposal & Grant Activity………………………………………………. 53 SPECIAL PROJECTS:………………………………………………………… Visitors & Consultants…………………………………………………… Meetings organized through CRESST..………………………………….. Other Special Program Activitites ………………………………………. 57 57 57 58 EPO ACTIVITIES:………………………………………………………………. 60 PUBLICATIONS………………………………………………………………… Papers published in refereed journals…………………………………….. Non-refereed Publications……………………………….……………....... IAU, GCN, etc. Telegrams & Circulars...……………………………….... Press Releases…………………………………………………………….. 62 62 73 83 101 Page 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Overview and Highlights This report is a combination of the fourth quarter and annual technical report for the first year of CRESST. Funding for this quarter was stable and personnel changes modest. Over the year, the number of CRESST science personnel has increased modestly from our beginning state which combined existing scientists from the University Space Research Association (USRA), the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) and the University of Maryland College Park (UMCP). During this year we established the central CRESST administrative office on site at GSFC and built our mechanisms for tracking and reporting CRESST activities. We have worked to integrate our scientists into a unified organization with increased collaborative opportunities. We continue to work with our scientists and GSFC scientists and management to define and improve our relationship. CRESST personnel contributed to numerous Goddard-lead PI proposals and submitted a number of CRESST PI lead proposals including a significant NSF proposal and several significant NASA proposals. A chart at the end of this section summarizes our accomplishments on the specific year 1 milestones in our original CRESST proposal. The color of the background in the last column of chart is a self-rating of our progress toward the milestone: green = goals accomplished, blue = good progress made toward goals, yellow = some progress, and red = little or no progress. In selected cases, blue or yellow might indicate that good progress was made which was not exactly in the direction of the stated goal. This is explained in the notes in the table as appropriate. Science research is an evolving endeavor; you don’t always know where your research will lead. Our fundamental principle is to do the best science in the area of research in the collaborative environment of CRESST and GSFC. The body of this report is organized into sections following the structure of the CRESST Cooperative Agreement. Activities of individual scientists are presented in paragraphs within the sections appropriate to their science. The Education and Public Outreach as well as Proposal & Grant activities are in separate sections. Brief Summary of Activities & Progress on Milestones: CRESST scientists obtained and analyzed data, and published papers utilizing a number of space observatories including Swift, Suzaku, INTEGRAL, RXTE, XMM-Newton, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. Our scientists contributed as lead author or co-author to 160 refereed papers, 170 non-refereed publications, and 307 IAU, GCN or similar Telegrams or Circulars during this quarter. CRESST scientists contributed to: • Science operations of the Swift project • Operation of the INTEGRAL and RXTE Guest Observer Facility • Operation of the HEASARC • Development and characterization of Gamma-ray and X-ray detectors Page 3 • • • • • • • Analysis of Ulysses, ACE, Wind, and GOES heliospheric data Development and testing of X-ray mirrors and lenses Preparations for the GLAST Mission Development of stable lasers for LISA Instrumentation for balloon experiments, e.g. BESS Education and public outreach for the HEASARC, JWST, and Astrophysics Science Division Science analysis of ACE, BESS, and TIGER cosmic ray data Science Highlights: • • • • • Development and deployment of the GISMO 2mm bolometer camera by Dr. Johannes Staghun. This effort is partially supported by a $535,000 NSF grant. The outstanding scientific and technical success of the Swift satellite whose operations and science output is strongly supported by CRESST scientists. The demonstration and characterization of TES detector arrays by Dr. Simon Bandler and co-workers. Award of Dr. Joe Hill’s two APRA proposals related to Gamma-ray Burst Polarimeters (GRBP) CRESST scientists serving as technical advisors on DHS-funded program to develop new radiation detector technologies Special Projects Summary: The following table and the list of meetings provide merely a superficial record of CRESST special projects activities over the previous year. Month/Year Number of Travel Only 7 12 5 8 21 8 13 16 14 3 4 13 124 Number of Travel & Consulting or Honorarium 2 1 1 1 1 4 3 2 3 0 0 0 18 Number of Consulting/Honorarium Only 4 1 0 0 6 1 0 2 2 15 5 0 36 Meetings/Telecons` Oct 06 Nov 06 Dec 06 Jan 07 Feb 07 Mar 07 April 07 May 07 Jun 07 Jul 07 Aug 07 Sep 07 Totals 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 17 Meetings Supported by CRESST in Year 1 Page 4 October 3-7, 2006 – HEAD Meeting, San Francisco November 16-18, 2006 – GLAST User’s Committee Meeting, GSFC December 18-20, 2006 – Con-X FST Meeting, GSFC January 17, 2007 – GLAST First International Science Symposium, GSFC February 2, 2007 – GLAST SWG Meeting, Stanford February 4, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, Stanford February 5-8, 2007 – GLAST Symposium, Stanford March 26-30, 2007 – GLAST LAT Collaboration Meeting, GSFC April 23-24, 2007 – GLAST VLBI, GSFC April 30, 2007 – XMM-Newton User’s Committee Meeting, GSFC May 3, 2007 – Suzaku User’s Committee, GSFC June 4-5, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, GSFC June 18, 2007 – NSN Testing, (for J. Lochner), GSFC July 23-27, 2007 – BETA – Teacher’s Workshop, GSFC August 23, 2007 – GLAST Workshop, GSFC September 14, 2007 – EXCON-2 Meeting, GSFC September 17-18, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, GSFC EPO Highlights: • • • • • Initiated ASD podcast series “Blueshift” Published the 11th edition of the Imagine the Universe! CD Initiated a lecture series on Beyond Einstein science in collaboration with the Smithsonian Resident Associates Program Initiated the Beyond Einstein Teachers’ Academy (BETA), a year-long program for local area high school physics teachers. “Worlds Beyond” EPO pilot effort completed and exhibit installed at GSFC Visitors Center. Personnel Matters: CRESST employment activities have been stable this quarter with a few scientists coming and going. The transfer of some CRESST scientists from USRA to UMBC and UMCP, as set forth in the CRESST proposal, is continuing smoothly while minimizing disruption to the individuals involved. The three CRESST institutions are working together to coordinate employee services. The CRESST business support people on the USRA campus changed during the quarter. The CRESST central office is now coordinating all interactions with the institutions and with the GSFC procurement and accounting offices. CRESST Office at GSFC: The CRESST business office is operating with the Project Manager Mr. David Holdridge the Business Manager Mr. David Havrilla, and the Program Coordinator Ms. Virginia Peles on site full time. The Visitor Coordinator, Ms. Lee Mewshaw, is in the office part Page 5 time at present as we work through GSFC security issues with the handling of personal information. The CRESST Management Council meets weekly to discuss management and coordination issues. The main points of contact to GSFC procurement are Mr. Holdridge (for policy and funding issues) and Mr. Havrilla (for detailed budget accounting). Dr. Lee Mundy, the Director, coordinates the overall interaction with GSFC and is the top-level point of contact. It was a pleasure working with Ms. Dawn Fountain as our procurement officer this year and we look forward to working with Ms. Michele Connerton in the coming year. Page 6 CRESST Year 1 Measure of Success Achieved goal Science Area Good Progress Activity Some progress Research Milestones No progress Accomplishments 1.2.1 Gamma Ray Burst Research Swift Burst Response - Detect bursts - Send GCN notices and circulars - Lead and participate in Swift publications BAT Health and Safety - Respond to and mitigate problems with BAT hardware and flight software UVOT Software -Upgrade UVOT’s software - Upgrade calibration - Enable GLAST to submit notices to GCN - Add GLAST webpages to GCN website - CRESST scientists contributed to ~300 separate GCN circulars and ~ 40 GCN reports. - Since launch, CRESST scientists contributed to 82 Swift-related research papers, 9 as first author. Approximately 50% of these were published during this reporting year. - Played major roles as "Burst Advocates" - Participated in analysis of the first BAT GRB catalog paper by Sakamoto et al. - NASA press release on GRB 060714 results - Organized rotation of scientists (contractors and civil servants) to serve as BAT burst support scientists - Monitored BAT status and contributed to operational health activities - Continued to develop BAT health monitoring software - Maintained BAT ground software, and developed five new software tools - Published the Swift BAT Software Guide (manual) - Supported Swift/BAT flight software upgrade by verifying each new software task through a series of specific tests - Developed and updated software to reflect recent changes in the HEASoft software distribution and to document changes in the Swift UVOT calibration - Participated in UVOT calibration paper - Updated calibration files and documents - Contributed to revision of LAT GRB trigger alert telemetry Interface Control Document - Contributed to GLAST GCN notice format corresponding to alert telemetry Integrate GLAST into GCN Page 7 Multiwavelength burst lightcurves - Deliver individual burst studies - Deliver burst class comparisons Relativistic hydrodynamic code for burst ejecta -Compare numerical results to burst phenomenology Development of sensitive burst triggers for GLAST - Develop a LAT onboard burst trigger. - Develop burst trigger for LAT pipeline - Refine the GBM trigger - Evaluate trigger sensitivities - Work continues on providing the SWIFT BAT light curves, and work in collaboration with Dr. Neil Gehrels investigating correlations between the initial prompt emission, and the XRT and UVOT emission levels at t0 + 11 hrs (Gehrels et al. 2007, in preparation) - Confirmed UV counterpart of Be/X-ray binary SWIFT J1626.6-5156 - Constructed preliminary UVOT light curve of companion star, and see possible increase in brightness following outburst of SWIFT J1626.65156 - ~ 10 standard test suites carried out on standard 1D test problems using the Glimm method code for relativistic hydrodynamics. numerical results were compared with analytical solutions, and the discrepancies quantified with the L1 norm error statistic. - results are detailed in a paper to be submitted to ApJS (Cannizzo, Gehrels, & Vishniac 2007, in preparation) - Contributed to revised LAT onboard burst trigger algorithm and capability to include GBM trigger - Developed documentation for revision of LAT onboard burst trigger - Drafted definitions of trigger parameters for sensitivity Studies - Co-author of GLAST symposium paper on onboard GRB identification - Presentations at 3 conferences and two workshops on GLAST trigger sensitivities - One 1st author conference paper on GLAST trigger sensitivity - Evaluated overlap between GLAST and Swift fields-of-view, and developed methods to increase this overlap to increase the number of simultaneously detected bursts Calculations to be presented at Nov. '08 conference Characterization of burst detectors Provide comparisons of the burst detection capabilities of Swift, INTEGRAL, GLAST and EXIST - Determine the strength of INTEGRAL-detected lines - Update off-axis response for SPI - Distinguish between background and astrophysical lines 1.2.2 Gamma Ray Studies of Nucleosynthesis Line detection SPI Calibration and Response Matrix SPI background modeling - Submission to Nature of a paper on the structure of the 511 keV line emission from the galactic disk. - No updates to the SPI response matrix were required by either the SPI instrument team or the INTEGRAL Science Data Center during FY 2007. Person left early in the year. No replacement was made. Page 8 1.2.3 Sensitive Imaging of Cosmic Gamma Ray Sources InFOCUS upgrade - Complete InFOCUS detector and software upgrade -Publish Swift BAT Survey and CatalogResolve the fraction of the cosmic X-ray background produced by obscured AGN - Detect transients - Report new transients and outbursts from known sources in circulars and publicationsMaintain public transient monitor web site - Update catalogs - Search and analyze new sources and transients -Calculate fraction of the background resulting from resolved IBIS sources - Publish models of individual galactic and extra-galactic sources Not funded for this activity in Year 1. However, Dr. Krimm has actively participated in several international collaboration meetings in which instrument and software upgrades were planned in detail. - Submitted paper on the BAT AGN survey (primary author, J. Tueller) - Continued analysis of BAT survey data - Participated in various follow-up proposals and programs. - 17 Astronomer's Telegrams submitted (7 as first author) on BAT transient monitor sources - 1 Swift (non-GRB) paper published as coauthor - NASA press release on discovery of the millisecond pulsar SWIFT J1756.9-2508 (first author paper accepted for publication in ApJ Letters) - Monitors >450 astrophysical sources in the BAT transient monitor and continues to improve and refine the monitor processing - Implemented a significant upgrade to the INTEGRAL Bright Source Catalog, consisting of source expansion to 312 and extending the lightcurves to include the last two years of public data Limited progress - Presented the paper "INTEGRAL Observations of the Enigmatic Be Stars Gamma Cassiopeiae and HD 110432 at the 2006 HEAD meeting. - Co-I on the INTEGRAL AO-5 proposal "Revealing the nature of a newly discovered SWIFT/BATsurvey source" in which Dr. Jack Tueller (code 661) was PI. Oversaw the addition of plotting capability, a test to determine if a region of the spectrum is fitted properly and implimented a C++ version of the ModelEditor to create xml files used to define models in the Likelihood tool and to read and translate models used in the simulations to a format that the likelihood tool can use BAT Hard X-ray survey BAT Transient Monitor Online INTEGRAL Catalogs Resolving the Xray background IBIS Source Modeling 1.2.4 High Energy Gamma Ray Research Maximum likelihood tool - Deliver optimized version of code - Deliver new approximation methods Page 9 Utility and Analysis tools - Deliver GLAST burst, pulsar, spectral and temporal analysis tools. - Refine GLAST data analysis interface - Deliver GLAST documentation. Guest Investigator Program - Support GLAST cycle 1 GI selection. - Write GLAST documentation - Designed, developed, and refined GLAST temporal analysis tools for pulsar studies, e.g., a pulsar blind search tool utilizing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. - Improved the tools' interface of the pulsar analysis tools for tempo-spectral analysis of GLAST data. - Contributed to Beta tests for GRB specific GLAST science tools - Conducted a review of science tools documentation - Wrote 'Cicerone'--detailed guide to the use of GLAST analysis software - Wrote 'crash course' for the use of GLAST analysis software - Organized the GLAST analysis software documentation into coherent system - Drafted GLAST text for Cycel 1 GLAST ROSES; released 2/16/07 - Wrote GLAST technical handbook in support of the GLAST Cycle 1 proposal cycle - Developed/adapted GSFC's Remote Proposal System (RPS) for GLAST Cycel 1 - Implemented a GLAST source-detectability tool for the preparation of Cycle 1 proposals - Implemented a GLAST-specific version of WebSpec for simulating GLAST spectra for the preparation of Cycle 1 proposals - Answered queries and updated Website FAQ, based on helpdesk queries received - Revised GLAST Project Data Management Plan (PDMP) - Updated and maintained the Science Data Products ICD and Science Data Products File Format Document - Revised operations script for Target of Oportunity approval database. - Participated in GLAST Mission Planning Exercises and ToO operations test - Tested scheduling and planning software - All tools to support GLAST science operations during the first year of operations (sky survey observations, pointed observations, and Target of Opportunity Observations) exist. - An investigation of GLAST sky survey uniformity has been done and found to meet requirements. - GSSC data ingest pipeline continues to be refined as the ground system elements define their products. - Ingest pipeline & GSSC databases supported (GRT) 6 and 7, plus supported Mission Planning Exercise 1 and 2. Science timeline, orbit modeling -Complete and test GLAST tools -Complete exposure uniformity for GLAST observing strategies Data Services - Complete GSSC ingest software - Complete GSSC databases Page 10 Scientific Communications - Support GLAST Users’ Committee - Update GSSC website - Drafted minutes for 4 face-to-face meetings (11/17-18, 2/4, 6/4-5, 9/17) and 2 telecons (4/20, 8/9) of the GUG - Maintained the GUG website - Tracked GUG Action Items - Maintained the GSSC website - Helped organize beta test of GLAST analysis tools by GLAST User's Group (11/16-17) - Submitted ApJ paper (co-author): "An Algorithm for Detecting Quantum-Gravity Photon Dispersion in Gamma-Ray Bursts" "A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton," Snowden, S.L., Mushotzky, R.F. Kuntz, K.D. & Davis, D.S., A&A accepted - Contributed to the LAT Launch and Early Operations Plan. - Contributed to the plan of ACD performance flight monitoring. - 1 ACD paper published, 1 is accepted for publication (first author on both) - Successfully finished the feasibility study of the LAT capability to detect HE cosmic ray electrons. - Demonstrated that LAT will be capable to detect high energy electrons in the range from 20 GeV to ~1 TeV with high statistical and energy precision. - 4 papers published (2 in AIP, 1 – ICRC, 1 Frascati Science Series). - Created a team working on this topic (4-5 active members) - CRESST has representative on GRI (Gamma Ray Imager) consortium as a Co-I, and contributes in the area of computer simulations of the instrument sensitivity and response generation. - Co-author on several papers presented at the October 2006 AAS HEAD meeting on the simulation effort in support of the Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) mission study led by Dr. Steven Boggs. Person left at beginning of year. No replacement First author paper submitted on EXIST burst capabilities (with comparisons to other missions) Quantum Gravity Studies - Evaluate sensitivity to quantum gravity predictions - Determine GLAST detectabiity of γ-rays from clusters and Galactic sources High-Energy Xray Sources ACD Performance - Monitor the ACD before launch High-Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons - Estimate the detectability of highenergy cosmic-ray electrons by the LAT-Develop tools to remove background Detector Design -Support use of MGGPOD for detector simulations CZT Backgrounds EXIST Burst Detection - Model the background in the EXIST CZT detectors - Determine the burst populations EXISTwill detect Page 11 3-DTI Development -Test prototype in accelerator and analyze results - Scale prototype to 30 cm3 - Successful research & electrical characterization measurements on gasmicrowell detector functionality - Successfully demonstrated pair imaging of 5cm microwell prototype for gamma-rays - Prototype 10x10 cm2 gas-microwell constructed and tested with laboratory sources. - Successfully passed first supervised test of 10x10cm2 prototype with DTRA demonstrating neutron imaging using laboratory sources. - Co-Investigator on a proposal submitted to NASA APRA2 AO - Successfully demonstrated pair imaging of 5cm microwell prototype for gamma-rays - Demonstrated under supervision 10-cm microwell prototype imaging of neutrons repeat from above - Presented an invited paper to the 6th IGPP Annual International Astrophysical Conference (Turbulence and Nonlinear Processes in Astrophysical Plasmas, March 16-22, 2007, Hawaii). - 2 papers published, one as first author. - Constructed a new numerical model of timedependent SEP acceleration at a propagating coronal shock. - Multi-spacecraft intensity-time profiles compiled for most events of solar cycle 21 (1974-1984) at Earth and the inner heliosphere Helios 1 and 2 spacecraft. - Changes in ion composition during solar particle events investigated for solar cycle 23 events (1996-2007). - Four presentations at conferences; one paper published. - Resolved inconsistencies in CRIS geometry factor calculation. - Determined He isotopic abundance as a function of solar cycle. - Explored nature of composition of low energy 3He using SIS and CRIS data. - List of ~270 ICMEs observed by Ulysses during 1990-2006 compiled; rates found to be comparable to those at Earth; - Two conference presentations made on results. 1.2.5 Solar Energetic Particles Shock Acceleration - Complete addition of oblique and perpendicular shock geometries, and variable shock parameters, couple self-consistent wave evolution. - Assemble a set of representative event intensity-time profiles at different locations/energies based on observations of inner heliosphere. Solar Particle Event Intensity time Profiles Solar Modulation Studies - Produce SIS/CRIS GCR/ACR spectra for solar min/max - Compile a list of ICMEs at the Ulysses spacecraft and compare their properties with those of ICMEs near the Earth. Investigate ICMEs Page 12 1.2.6 Cosmic Ray Research GCR Composition Studies - Constrain GCR propagation using observations of light elements (He, Li, Be, B), - Interpretation of ultraheavy GCR and Co/Ni Studies with TIGER 2001/2003 results GCR Antimatter Studies - Develop and integrate BESS for Balloon flight in December 2007, specifically the development of the Cherenkov counter, TOF, and front end electronics - Successful science analysis of ACE and Tiger Data - Installed and ran latest version of GALPROP propagation model in comparison with CRIS data. - Established a correction for SOFT tracking efficiency for helium. - Determined Helium intensities from CRIS during solar minimum and solar maximum conditions and compare with GALPROP predictions and previous measurements. - Extended energy resolution studies of Cherenkov counters for TIGER to 2003 data. - Provided preliminary Cu/Ni ratio from TIGER 2001 data. - Designed, built, tested, and delivered Aerogel Cherenkov Counter (ACC) and outer Time-OfFlight system (TOF) for the BESS-Polar II Experiment - Integrated the ACC and TOF into the BESSPolar II instrument and successfully tested the fully integrated detector systems - Instrument has been cleared by NASA for a December 2007 balloon flight from Antarctica. - Published the first results from the BESS-Polar I flight. - New trigger board designed and developed the delay line board for the QDC. - The drift chamber electronics and the Data acquisition system integrated. - Submitted paper for the proceedings of the 36th COSPAR. High Energy GCRs - Complete characterization of 1st-generation Fresnel lenses & develop 2ndgeneration highenergy lenses - GLAST: Highenergy electron studies - CREAM: Cherenkov counter development,balloon flight support, and data analysis - OWL/ACCESS: Definition studies of future cosmic ray missions - Maintain semiconductor characterization laboratory - Successful research and development progress on Fresnel lenses -- on multiple fronts - Delivered a Space and Cosmic Ray Physics seminar at the University of Maryland: "The Orbiting Wide-angle Light collectors (OWL) Experiment: Observing Ultra-high Energy Cosmic Rays from Space" on Nov 13. 2006 - Delivered and integrated Cherenkov detector in CREAM III instrument -Delivered Fiber Scintillator Detector for accelerator test and CREAM IV instrument - Assisted in integration of CREAM III instruments and began preparations for building CREAM IV Cherenkov detector. Page 13 1.2.7 X-ray Optics Development Metal-based Mirrors Glass-based Mirrors Hard X-ray Mirrors Diffractionlimited Optics -Present results of evaluating fabrication parameters & performance of goldcoated, epoxyreplicated aluminum mirrors to achieve 0.5 arcmin HPD below 10 keV. - Complete installation and testing of largeaperture optical interferometer and null lens - Demonstrate precise full-surface metrology of mirror segments. - Complete installation and testing of cylindrical coordinate measuring machine; demonstrate measurements of radius of curvature, cone angle,and axial sag. -Demonstrate improved surface roughness properties of thin multilayers to boost imaging performance at energies > 40 keV. - Deliver characterization of spectral and imaging performance of 1stgeneration phase Fresnel optics and development of 2ndgeneration, highenergy devices with focal length appropriateto the 600-m beamline. Pursue development of “extended bandwidth” PFL. - Detect fringes at 8 Angstrom wavelength in the grazing-incidence, double-slit - The X-ray image of a four-pair reflector set reached 0.6 arc-minute of its half power diameter (HPD) - Demonstrated feasibility of full conical shells. Technology can be used in fabricating future astrophysical telescopes - Efforts for metrology on the Constellation-X mirror segments over the past two years came to fruition. The simultaneous-phase interferometer purchase and commissioning delayed by the manufacturer was completed. - The cylindrical coordinate measuring machine “MMTC” was installed and tested. ConstellationX mirrors were measured for their radii, cone angles and axial figures. - Authored or co-authored 5 conference papers in the opto-mechanics and metrology of Constellation-X mirrors. Not funded in Year 1 - Simulation of the response of an Achromatic Phase Fresnel lens, including the effects of imperfect profiles and non-ideal image plane position. - Produced lens point-spread function and chromaticity software tools - Metrology locking system laser and electronics components in place; X-ray optical system designed. - Final integration and testing suspended due to beamline site construction - Definitive measurements completed in the GSFC 600 meter Interferometry TestBed using 1st generation silicon PFL’s tested at 8 keV - Completed definitive efficiency analyses on this data set - Completed initial Point-Spread-Function (PSF) analyses on this data set - Drafted publication based upon these results - PI on a 3 year continuation proposal that was Page 14 experimentDemonstrate successful stabilized-laser metrology “locking.” submitted to NASA APRA2 AO - Second generation PFLs have been fabricated to image at 17.3 keV - Completed design of achromat-PFLs, i.e. Extended Bandwidth PFLs, for ground testing - First-ever demonstration of communication over X-rays, resulting in a NASA New Technology Report - Patent application submitted for novel X-ray diffractometer - On TES detectors, eight papers are submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics, one as first author. One paper is submitted to SPIE. One paper is submitted to Applied Physics Letters. - On magnetic calorimeters, two papers are submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics. - Successfully proposed and won two APRA awards for TPC work - Defined baseline GRBP design for the MIDStar-2 mission. - Upgraded the gas polarimeter simulation code. - Designed and co-ordinated SMEX polarimetry mission Postponed work in favor of other development 1.2.8 X-ray Detector Development High-Resolution X-ray Microcalorimeters - Demonstrate uniformity properties of TES 8x8 arrays. - Demonstrate feasibility and energy resolution of self-induction readout for magnetic calorimeters. - Develop and optimize the TPC as an astronomical Xray polarimeter - Demonstrate a CZT strip detector - Enact physics and instrument simulations to detail baseline performance and complete design optimization studies. - Construct phoswich detectors for beamline studies. - Complete X-ray survey X-ray Polarimetry High-Energy Detectors Polarized Gamma-ray Observer (PoGO) - Supported proposal preparation and test beam design studies - Co-Investigator on a proposal submitted to NASA APRA2 AO 1.2.8.1 Research in X-ray Astrophysics Analyze X-ray Data from Young Stars Study Collapsed Stellar Remnants - Complete analysis of RXTE pulsar surveys 3 Chandra papers were published. 1 VLA paper was submitted. 2 Suzaku paper were published, 1 as first author. - The RXTE SMC pulsar observations have resulted in several publications including PhD theses. - 1 paper published, 1 first-author paper submitted. - Worked extensively on neutron stars (some of them are pulsars) using RXTE data. - Discovered a new nuclear-powered X-ray pulsar from RXTE data. - The QPO-Index shift method is applied to RXTE data from BH sources GRO J1655-40 and Cygnus X-1. The mass of Cygnus X-1 is estimated to be 7.8-9.2 solar masses. Paper is Page 15 Study Galactic X-Ray Background - Deliver refined backgrounds based on analysis of X-ray survey data published in ApJ. - The evolution of low frequency QPOs in Rapid Burster was investigated. Publication will follow. - In collaboration with Lev Titarchuk from GMU the nature of continuum in Fourier power spectra of X-ray Binaries is theoretically modeled. The model is applied to RXTE data from Cygnus X-1. Paper has been submitted to ApJ. - Performed Swift and RXTE follow-up observations of ten neutron star and black hole systems; - Contributed crucially to 17 Astronomers' Telegrams - Derived orbit solution of millisecond pulsar Swift J1756.9-2508 - Contributed to several publications on compact objects - Data from Suzaku Cycle 1 observations of NGC 4472 and NGC 4649 were analyzed; and emission lines from Argon, Sulfur, and fully ionized Silicon were detected and measured - Accurately characterized the total (internalplus-external) background, and placed new constraints on the properties of warm dark matter. - Presented an invited review entitled “Thermal and Chemical Properties of the ICM in the XMMNewton/Chandra era” Spectral/Timing Studies of AGN - Revise picture of inner disk using long XMM-Newton sample studies - Model spectra with new Xstar 21ln. -Constrain jet matter content/kinematics to understand cluster heating - Ingest new crosssections, charge exchange, and line ratios into APED - Integrate new data into APEC, Xstar, etc. - Develop new XSPEC models and integrate with HEASOFT analysis package - Identify problems and report back problems Relevant scientist (Dr. Donato) moved to NASA Postdoctoral Program (ORAU). 1.2.9 Laboratory Astrophysics and Spectral Modeling Laboratory Measurements of Atomic Data Update Spectral Codes Distribution of Spectral Models to the Community Comparison of New Spectral Models with Observational Data Not funded. Not funded. This was a logical follow-on to the first two tasks in 1.2.9. Since the first two tasks were not funded, this task and the fourth task in 1.2.9 are moot Page 16 1.2.10 High Energy Astrophysics Mission Science INTEGRAL GOF RXTE SOF & GOF -Organize special INTEGRAL session at HEAD meeting(10/06); Organise data analysis workshop at GSFC in spring 2007; Support AO-5 proposal solicitation (due 3/2007) -Support Cycle 12 solicitation of proposals ~1/2007. - Provide technical evaluation and organization of peer review of cycle 12 proposals (~4/2007) - Organize a special session on RXTE for Seattle AAS meeting in 1/2007. - 2006 HEAD session and GSFC data analysis workshop postponed. - Downloaded (from the ISDC) and installed the past year’s INTEGRAL public data releases into the HEASARC archive mirror. This data consisted of 122 spacecraft revolutions of data totaling approximately 1 TB of data. The RXTE SOF provided technical support to evaluation of cycle 12 proposals. Accepted cycle 12 proposals were successfully ingested into the SOF. Cycle 12 observations are now in progress and long term schedules and weekly schedules have been produced. Many cycle 12 Target of Opportunity observations have been performed. Swift SSC - Conduct Swift cycle 3 observations (4/2007–4/2008) - Support evaluation and review of U.S. cycle 4 proposals(~7/2007) - Analyzed numerous Swift data on Gamma-Ray Bursts and follow-up observations - Proposed a number of successful new supernova observations with Swift, which were analyzed and published and led to successful Target-of-Opportunity follow-up observations with Chandra, XMM-Newton, and the VLA. - Performed a survey of nearby galaxies with Swift. - Conducted prompt observations of gamma-ray bursts detected by Swift. - Conducted long-term follow-up observations of gamma-ray bursts detected by Swift and other observatories. - Prepared data simulation material for Cycle 4 - Responded to questions from the community about preparing Cycle 4 proposals - Presented a talk about non-GRB science opportunities during the Informational Swift Cycle 4 meeting at GSFC in October 2007 - Revised online Swift documentation relevant to Cycle 4 proposers. Suzaku SSC -Carry out approved observations for cycle 1 -Open public archive, (4/2007) -Suppport technical evaluation and peer review of cycle 2 proposals (stage 1 deadline, 12/2006). U.S. review 2/2007 international 3 Suzaku instrumental papers were published. Page 17 merging, 3/2007 XMM-Newton US GOF - Facilitate submission of Stage 1 proposals to E.S.A. for U.S. observers (~10/2006) - Solicit and review stage 2 budget proposals for successful U.S. PIs - Dissemenate timely information regarding completion of hardband EPIC calibration refinements (~ end of 2006) Majority of these milestones transferred to other people outside of CRESST 1.2.11 Data Analysis and Archiving HEASARC -Open prototype GLAST archive, associated data tables & calibration data - Develop and deliver BROWSE notification system, allow users to createdata samplesUpdate of HEASOFT - GLAST archive prototype structure under development with GLAST SSC; GSSCHEASARC ICD documenting archive structure, products, backup plans, verification in draft; GSSC-HEASARC MOU out for signatures. GLAST CALDB document drafted. Sample BROWSE catalogs developed but still being finalized - BROWSE notification system available under HEASARC development system at http://heasarcdev/cgibin/W3Browse/notification/monitor_src.pl ASTRO-UPDATE page giving latest versions of important software and data created & maintained http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/astroupdate/ Not funded. LAMBDA -Develop research plan in collaboration with GSFC -Multiple delivery of optimized code -Delivery of prototype codes for specific applications 1.2.12 Numerical Relativity Gravity wave simulations Neutron star applications Not funded. Not funded. Page 18 1.2.13 Laser Frequency Stabilization for Space Applications Laser frequency stabilization - Complete noise analysis for existingtechniques and theories - Set requirements for optics and mechanical/thermal stability - Successfully demonstrated side-band frequency locking technique which is essential for LISA mission. - Together with phase-locking, relative laser frequency stability reached 10e-6 Hz/rtHz level, which meets LISA requirement for laser frequency stability. - Detailed noise analysis has been completed. We are calculating requirements for each component based on the analysis. - Built a monolithic fiber output coupler based on our new idea. It was tested in a new fiber-based monolithic heterodyne interferometer, which also tests optical phase measurement system developed at JPL for the LISA mission. We found out that the coupler is very fragile and that the heterodyne configuration makes optical alignment very difficult. New optics have been ordered to solve these problems. - Laser and electronics components of the metrology locking system are in place - X-ray optical system has been designed, with most components manufactured. - Final integration and testing were suspended due to construction at the beamline site. 1.2.14 Precision Laser Interferometry Precision laser interferometry - Implement a fiberbased interferometric metrology system; - Development of monolithic fiber outputcoupler. -Successful demonstration of few-nm control in optical cavity length for X-ray interferometry experiment. Stabilization testbed development 1.2.15 Gravitational Wave Antenna Modeling LISA modelling TBD in conjunction with GSFC Not funded. 1.2.16 UVOptical Studies Changes in XRay spectra Radiation Field Effects Characterize changes in ηCar Characterize optically thick stellar surface Perform comparative spectral studies -Publication analysis of spectral variations inηCar from XMMNewton/Chandra data. -Create database of X-ray/UV line profiles for ηCar and similar massive binaries. - Publication of work on the He I variations in ηCar - Present variations in VLTI imaging of ηCar at AAS meeting. - Create atlas of AGN/stellar X-ray and UV spectra to probe response of environment on - XMM paper published (Hamaguchi et al. 2007, ApJ); - Chandra paper submitted - Comparison of UV/X-ray lines in progress - Paper published (Nielsen et al. 2007) VLTI data still in analysis Limited progress Page 19 state of central engine. - Paper at AAS meeting on winddriven variability in AGN and massive stellar systems - Publish radial velocity analysis of ηCar from wind line variations -Continue development of detector, model capability - Start development of a library of spectra of young solar analogues AGN/Star studies Relevant scientist, Dr. Beckmann, has left CRESST for a position in Europe. Orbital element constraints - Radial velocity analysis published in Nielsen et al. (2007) 1.2.17 HST and FUSE GO Programs Detector theory and development Young Solar Analogues (NIR) detector dewar platform including CCD drive electronics and data acquisition system with the engineering CCD (BI- 30-11) were completed successfully 1 HST/FUSE/ground based telescope/Chandra paper was published 1.2.18 Reduction and Data Analysis of Fabry Perot Data 1.2.19 Spacebased Imaging Studies of Cosmic Shear Analysis of GFPI Data on Proplyds and Young Stars - Prototype code for analysis Not funded. Reduction and Analysis of data Validation of advanced techniques Redshift observations - Complete analysis of MST survey data - Evaluate Pyrof/Multidrizzle results - Complete derivation of photometricredshifts for available data - Publication of results of 2005 and 2006 flights - Achievement of 1mK accuracyfor RuO thermometerAchievement of 2mK control and stability for ADRs - Achievement of 1% accuracy for measurements Not funded. Not funded. Not funded. 1.2.20 Cosmic Microwave Background Observations Anaylsis of ARCADE II data Not funded RuO thermometer and ADR electronics Beam Pattern Measurements Not funded. Not funded. Page 20 1.2.21 Advanced Microwave Instrumentation Precision Waveguide Calibration Loads Improve Microstrip Circuits - Get to -60dB or better and 1mK accuracy - Cut out atmospheric lines to -30 to -50dB while maintaining reasonable band pass - Make the arrays as close together as possible with minimal crosstalk - Develop more reliable switches (107 to 109 cycles) - Identify sources of residual noise, test andimprove designs Not funded. Not funded. Develop Close Pack Focal Plane Arrays - Completion of 2 millimeter wavelength camera GISMO. Integration of 8x16 close packed TES based bolometer array into instrument - Readout electronics tested, in particular completed software verification. End to end system verification. - Deployment of instrument at the 30m telescope for astronomical observations. Not funded. - Detailed detector characterizations and optimization of readout system were performed. - Detectors in GISMO Camera perform near fundamental noise limit. - Current simulation code improved with better feedhorn and detector models. - It was also modified to interpolate from coarsely sampled arbitrary orbits. - Extensive simulations were done to evaluate various design aspects for ASP. - Foreground model specific methods were studied. Concurrently, Principle Component analysis techniques were brought to bear on model independent foreground modeling. - Current sky map visualization code is being ported to new versions of underlying libraries to allow for compilation on more platforms. - New visualization options are being implemented. - In conjunction with the End-to-End Simulations, harmonic analysis code with spherical tensor support has been written. Test and Improve LowPower Switches Improve Sensitivity of Bolometers 1.2.22 Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis End-to-End Simulations - Deliver simulation software Study Foreground for Filter Placements Develop Novel Data Visualizations Algorithms for Separating Divergence and Curl 1.2.23 Cosmic Microwave Background Research - Deliver foreground study summary - Deliver beta test versions of data display tools - Deliver separation algorithm Simulate CMBPol data - Assess CMBpol data limitations and detector noise - Model WMAP, Spitzer, and other data to explain properties of the Universe Not funded. CMB modeling Limited progress due to limited funding for task Page 21 Education and Outreach (HEASARC) No milestone in Year 1 research plan - Published the 11th edition of the Imagine the Universe! CD - Continued development of the Cosmic Times education project - Initiated development of a spectroscopy module for Student Hera - Development of a toolkit for ASP's Night Sky Network - Presented 13 professional development workshops to 250 teachers - Initiated annual EPO “expos” to highlight the EPO efforts in the division - Initiated ASD podcast series “Blueshift”- Led development of display on ASD science at the GSFC Visitors’ Center - Initiated a lecture series on Beyond Einstein science in collaboration with the Smithsonian Resident Associates Program - Organized a session at the Fall 2006 HEAD meeting on Beyond Einstein science - Initiated the Beyond Einstein Teachers’ Academy (BETA) - Wrote and delivered the Beyond Einstein program-level EPO plan - Worlds Beyond EPO effort pilot completed and exhibit installed at GSFC Visitors Center. Education and Outreach (Beyond Einstein & JWST) No milestone in Year 1 research plan Page 22 TECHNICAL PROGRESS AND ACCOMPLISHMENTS: CRESST Staff Research Reports 1.2.1 Gamma Ray Burst Research Dr. Craig Markwardt continued to contribute to the RXTE and Swift Programs as well as the Swift BAT hard X-ray survey analysis. The work includes extending the analysis of data to a full 22 months of mission data, in eight independent energy bands, and the preliminary analysis of new hard X-ray sources. Based on analysis from the first 9 months of data, Drs. J. Tueller, Markwardt, R. Mushotzky and G. Skinner have submitted a paper to the Astrophysical Journal detailing a study of BAT-detected AGN and their relation to the hard X-ray background. Dr. Markwardt is also involved in several followup observations related to BAT-detected sources. Dr. Markwardt also continued to participate in gamma-ray burst response activities. He has been the "Burst Advocate" for four bursts during the reporting period, whose duties include being responsible for a final detailed report which is submitted to the GCN. Markwardt was the first author on eight GCN Circulars. Dr. Markwardt was a key contributor to the BAT ground processing software and documentation. He has published the Swift BAT Software Guide, a complete manual detailing how the BAT and its software work, plus reference material. Dr. Markwardt has written five new public software tasks, and maintained the existing software and calibration base. In August 2007, Swift experienced an extended "safe-hold" event, which involved a lengthy recovery process, in which Dr. Markwardt assisted. He has also played a key role in understanding and correcting problems in the Swift spacecraft attitude system. The corrections are expected to be implemented in October 2007. In collaboration with Dr. Krimm, Dr. Markwardt has discovered a new millisecond X-ray pulsar, SWIFT J1756.9-2508. Dr. Markwardt has performed the RXTE PCA spectroscopy and detailed pulse timing analysis, which show this system to be an ultracompact neutron star binary. The discovery paper (led by Dr. Krimm) is in press. Dr. Markwardt continues to monitor the galactic bulge and ridge for new X-ray transients, both with RXTE and Swift. During the reporting period, Dr. Markwardt participated in the analysis of four Swift follow-up observations and three RXTE followup observations of galactic ridge sources with various authors (these were typically published as Astronomers' Telegrams). Dr. Markwardt is also a co-investigator on a program to monitor the galactic bulge with INTEGRAL (led by E. Kuulkers, ESA, Spain), which recently published its results. Dr. Markwardt contributed to various publications, included in the publication listing. Page 23 Dr. Markwardt is responsible for modeling the RXTE PCA instrumental X-ray background. This involves creating, testing and documenting specialized model files, which are then distributed to public RXTE observing scientists by the RXTE GOF. In fall 2006, new versions of the models were released which significantly improved the sensitivity over the 2003-2006 time period. Dr. Markwardt presented a lecture and conducted a practical session at the 5th International X-ray Astronomy School, at George Washington University, Washington D.C. The topic of the lecture was Swift BAT analysis techniques, and was followed by a hands-on session where students could practice the techniques. Dr. Markwardt has been a referee on four papers in the reporting period. Dr. Hans Krimm announced the public release of the Swift/BAT Hard X-ray transient monitor http://swift.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/swift/results/transients/ at the meeting of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the American Astronomical Society in San Francisco in October 2006. This web site provides automatically updated light curves for more than 450 astronomical objects that are being monitored by the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on Swift, providing astronomers with information about the temporal properties of these sources which has led to triggers for multi-wavelength observations of at least eight astrophysical sources. A new pulsar discovered with the BAT monitor was the subject of a NASA press release. Dr. Krimm contributed in a significant way to Swift Gamma-Ray Burst research through both immediate burst response including submission of GCN circulars and reports and through publications which have led to new understanding, particularly of short bursts and late-time GRB flares. Dr. Krimm was funded at a minimal level for InFOCuS, allowing only participation in the planning of future instrument improvements. Dr. John Cannizzo’s research continued on various aspects of GRB research associated with Swift measurements. A paper with Jack Tueller and others (Skinner, Mushotzky, Barthelmy, Gehrels, Markwardt, Skinner, Winter) on the BAT Survey of AGN was submitted to ApJ in July 2007, and a favorable referee report received. They are currently revising the manuscript. A paper with Gehrels and Norris was started on precursors to Swift GRBs, and a paper with Gehrels and various other Swift authors on statistics of prompt emission and XRT/UVOT emission at T0+11 hrs. Development continued on a relativistic hydrodynamics code using Glimm's method to study GRBs. A paper was drafted with Gehrels and Vishniac. In addition, there was SWIFT shift work every few weeks as BA (burst advocate), which entailed being on call for a 48hr shift in case a GRB occurs. Also, the prompt emission BAT light curves for all Swift GRBs are made into small plots for use by Swift team members in public talks, and for E/PO. Dr. Jay Cummings continued activities in support of the Swift mission. Swift continues to observe gamma ray bursts (GRB) and afterglows. BAT has detected 79 bursts over the past year. The output was reduced due to downtime in August and September because of Page 24 a spacecraft gyro problem. Science analysis required extra effort for the period around this downtime as well. Dr. Cummings supported the activities required for restart of the BAT instrument and recalibration of the pointing algorithms for the science instruments. Two of the bursts were found by Dr. Cummings in ground analysis of data, one after being alerted by colleagues working with data from other spacecraft. The others were found automatically onboard Swift. BAT also found two new Galactic sources through bursts of gamma rays (not technically "gamma-ray bursts"). In addition, several possible sources were found, in the long-term hard x-ray survey, which await confirmation after observation with the narrow-field instruments on Swift or other instruments. Redshifts have been determined for about a quarter of the bursts. Gradual accumulation of statistics on burst distances and characteristics will contribute to understanding of the progenitors of long-duration GRBs and possibly cosmological implications. The BATdiscovered GRB 070714B was found to be the most distant short-hard type GRB ever recorded. Dr Cummings is serving as a technical adviser to the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) in the Department of Homeland Security. The GSFC group is aiding the DNDO in developing testing protocols for new radiation detection technologies. Dr. Cummings has just started working on this in-process project in September, so most of his activity has been reading up on the past reports. There are two programs: Intelligent Personal Radiation Locator (IPRL) and Stand-off Radiation Detecor System. As a technical adviser, Dr. Cummings will assist in evaluation of technologies and development of testing plans for the detectors being built by commercial vendors. He will analyze test data and advise DNDO on acceptability of the detectors for future development. 1.2.2 Gamma Ray Studies of Nucleosynthesis Dr Gerry Skinner continued his work in collaboration with Integral-SPI consortium members at CESR, Toulouse on the analysis and interpretation of 511 keV annihilation line data from the SPI germanium spectrometer. Following referee reports on a paper submitted to Nature, additional work on adding more recent data and on using alternative analysis methods to assess the effects of systematic errors has led to a revised paper now resubmitted. Dr Gerry Skinner attended SPI Co-I meetings, and represented US interests at ESA’s Integral Science Working Team and Integral User Group meetings. He acted as an observer at the Integral Mission Extended Operations Review, planning for the extension of the mission beyond 2010. Page 25 Dr Gerry Skinner worked in collaboration with a student at the Universities of Pavia and Toulouse and others on the use of Swift data for the detection of prompt gamma-ray emission from novae and on observations of the recurrent nova RS Ophiuchi. Although no gamma-rays due to radioactive decay have yet been detected, the approach has been shown to be viable. Dr Skinner performed a new analysis of the sensitivity attainable with coded mask telescopes with fewer simplifying assumptions. A paper is in preparation. In the particular case of Swift/BAT he investigated the implications of inter-pixel correlations on the uncertainties in the detection of sources and measurement of their fluxes leading to improvements in the BAT analysis software. Dr Skinner completed an analysis of 22 months of Swift Survey data searching on different timescales for highly variable extragalactic sources. Although the work is ongoing, but lightcurves produced as a byproduct of this work have already been of use in other projects. 1.2.3 Sensitive Imaging of Cosmic Gamma Ray Sources Dr. Steve Sturner attended the American Astronomical Society High-Energy Astrophysics Division meeting in San Francisco in October 2006. He presented the paper "INTEGRAL Observations of the Enigmatic Be Stars Gamma Cassiopeiae and HD 110432." Dr. Sturner attended the First GLAST Symposium held at Stanford University on February 5-8. 2007. He presented the paper "INTEGRAL Observations of the Pulsar PSR J1846-0258." Dr. Sturner collaborated with Dr. Chris Shrader on the paper "A Search for Short-Lived Transient Phenomena in LS I+61 303" presented by Dr. Shrader at this meeting. Dr. Sturner has begun a collaboration with Drs. Georg Weidenspointner and Chris Shrader investigating the x-ray and gamma-ray emission from the binary system Sco X-1 using INTEGRAL and RXTE data. Of interest in this investigation are searches for possible annihilation line features using INTEGRAL/SPI and searches for high-energy nonthermal continuum emission and its possible correlation with the low-energy state of the system. Dr. Sturner was a Co-I on the INTEGRAL AO-5 proposal "Revealing the nature of a newly discovered SWIFT/BATsurvey source" in which Dr. Jack Tueller (code 661) was PI. Mike Koss, a University of Maryland graduate student, has been working on the Infocus balloon with hard X-ray telescope project and using the SWIFT BAT survey of AGN. For the Infocus balloon project, Mr. Koss has provided an analysis of balloon pointing data from the last flight, support selecting the appropriate differential GPS instrumentation. Page 26 Dr. Volker Beckmann left CRESST and returned to ESA the end of March 2007. Prior to his departure, he was heavily involved in updating the high-level archive for the INTEGRAL mission, writing documentation, and organizing an "archive perspective meeting" at GSFC. In addition, he attended a meeting at the INTEGRAL Science Data Centre to coordinate the NASA INTEGRAL archive with the ones at ESA and the ISDC. In January, Dr. Beckmann organized a booth at the AAS meeting, presenting the status of the INTEGRAL mission and future prospects. In March, he attended also the Herschel Key Programme Workshop at ESTEC and presented an outline for an observation programme. In his scientific research, Dr. Beckmann worked on high energy data of the Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2992, as well as other sources. He presented his work on INTEGRAL at the HEAD meeting in San Francisco, at the "Extragalactic Astronomy and Cosmology" workshop in Cambridge (Massachusetts), at the University of Louisville (Kentucky), and at Hamburg Observatory (Germany). He had a paper published: Beckmann, Soldi, Shrader, Gehrels, & Produit "The Hard X-ray 20-40 keV AGN Luminosity Function", (2006, ApJ, 652, 126). Dr Beckmann was also PI on three successful proposals: a Chandra Cycle 8 proposal "Discovering the absorbed AGN population responsible for the hard X-ray background,” and two INTEGRAL Cycle 4 proposals - "Compton reflection in the seyfert 1.9 galaxy MCG -05-23-016" ($48,742) and "Hard X-ray variability of AGN" 1.2.4 High Energy Gamma Ray Research Dr. Masaharu Hirayama continued the development of the pulsar analysis tools of GLAST LAT (Large Area Telescope) data. Dr. Hirayama completed a pulsar blind search tool utilizing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. Dr. Hirayama started designing and implementing new feature for most of the pulsar analysis tools to perform barycentric corrections on the fly, which enables tempo-spectral analysis of GLAST data. Dr. Hirayama presented the pulsar analysis tools to the members of GUC (GLAST Users' Committee) in the beta test held on November 16th and 17th, 2006, for extensive testings and reviews. Useful feedback was collected and turned into action items, some of which have already been implemented. Dr. Hirayama also attended the GLAST LAT collaboration meeting (March 26th through 30th, 2007), and had an informal meeting to refine the pulsar analysis tools and the related data products. Dr. Hirayama continued working on comparison of GLAST observing strategies from pulsar studies' point of view. In this period, the range of the background rate (i.e., unpulsed flux in GLAST LAT data) was estimated for various regions of the sky, in order to compute their effects on pulsar studies in various occasions. Dr. Sturner has joined the GRI (Gamma Ray Imager) consortium as a Co-I. GRI is a proposed ESA Cosmic Visions mission. As a Co-I he would be part of a proposed US participation in the mission and would contribute in the area of computer simulations of the instrument sensitivity and response generation. Dr. Sturner was a co-author on several papers presented at the October 2006 AAS HEAD meeting on the simulation effort in support of the Advanced Compton Telescope (ACT) Page 27 mission study led by Dr. Steven Boggs. Dr. Alex Moiseev, was a major participant in an important GLAST/LAT beam test at CERN (July – September 2006). He was also extensively involved in data analysis on the ACD performance and analysis of background produced in the interactions of hadrons and positrons in the LAT micrometeoroid shield. Several internal presentations were made Specifically, Dr. Moiseev successfully finished the feasibility study of the LAT capability to detect HE cosmic ray electrons. He demonstrated that the LAT will be capable to detect high energy electrons in the range from 20 GeV to ~1 TeV with high statistical and energy precision. He published 4 papers (2 in AIP, 1 – ICRC, 1 - Frascati Science Series). Finally, he created a team working on this topic (4-5 active members). Dr. Jason Link splits his time working 50% on the CREAM experiment and 50% on gamma-ray and neutron imaging detector development. On CREAM, he led the refurbishment of a Cherenkov lightbox detector for the CREAM III flight in December 2007 as well as the construction of a new fiber detector for the CREAM IV flight in December 2008. There was a mishap in August 2007 in shipping the instrument to Wallops Flight Facility damaging the instrument. Dr. Link helped in making repairs to the Cherenkov lightbox and the instrument, to bring it back to working condition so it was ready to ship to Antarctica this fall. Dr. Link is also working with Stan Hunter’s group on developing a new microwell gas time projection chamber for imaging of gamma-rays and neutrons. Over the last year they have successfully demonstrated imaging of gamma-rays and neutrons with a 10 cm square detector. They are continuing efforts to improve the performance and characterize the behavior of the microwell detector. In the upcoming year they are moving to bring the detector to the NSWC Positive Ion Accelerator Facility for further testing and characterization and scale up to larger detectors. In addition to the above work, Dr. Link has been participating in writing proposals for future experiments, presenting instrument talks on the 3-DTI instrument at the ICRC and IEEE meetings and serving on the Ask An Astrophysicist hotseat where he serves on a rotating group of scientists answering questions submitted by the public. Relative to maximum likelihood tool, Dr. Dave Davis has overseen the addition of plotting capability, and a test to determine if a region of the spectrum is fitted properly. Also he implemented a C++ version of the Model Editor to create xml files used to define models in the Likelihood tool and to read and translate models used in the simulations to a format that the likelihood tool can use. In the area of data services, the GSSC data ingest pipeline continues to be refined as the various ground system elements define their products. The ingest pipeline and the GSSC databases supported Ground Readiness tests (GRT) 6 and 7, and have supported Mission Planning Exercise 1 and 2. Page 28 In the area of High-Energy X-ray Sources, Dr. Davis wrote and presented a talk on the detectability of gamma-rays from galaxy clusters at the GLAST workshop and at EXCON-2 both here at GSFC. Finally, he was involved in the preparation and submission of “A Catalog of Galaxy Clusters Observed by XMM-Newton,” Snowden, S.L., Mushotzky, R.F. Kuntz, K.D. & Davis, D.S., A&A accepted 1.2.5 Solar Energetic Particles Dr. Chee Ng constructed a new numerical model of time-dependent SEP acceleration at a propagating coronal shock. The model includes Fermi shock acceleration, selfconsistent Alfvén-wave excitation and SEP scattering, wave transmission and reflection at shock, wave transport, magnetic focusing, solar-wind convection, and adiabatic deceleration. The nonlinear model with full pitch-angle dependence addresses bootstrap acceleration with weak ambient wave intensity, an advance on conventional models which start with fully developed steady-state wave turbulence. The new formulation uses a computational grid co-moving with the shock. Field quantities become time and space dependent and Dr. Ng has successfully developed code to keep track of these with efficient memory use. A significant computational challenge results from including sunward waves because of the associated mixed momentum derivatives. Dr. Ng has constructed a novel finite-difference scheme and developed special techniques to solve it. With the new model he has simulated bootstrap SEP shock acceleration in the corona, studied the effects of sunward waves, and spatial boundary locations. Dr Ng reported this work in an invited paper at the 6th IGPP Annual International Conference. The paper has been published in AIP Conference Proceedings CP932 in August 2007. Dr. Ng also completed (with A. J. Tylka at NRL and D. V. Reames at GSFC) the first two iterations in a detailed comparison between ACE, Wind, and GOES observations of the 2002 April 21 event and simulations from the Ng, Reames, Tylka (2003) SEP model. They compared the model’s time-dependent spectra and composition with data from GOES, ACE, and Wind. Spectral distortions were found that appear to be a signature of the non-linear effects due to proton-amplified Alfvén waves. The discrepancies between model and data below ~1 MeV/nuc suggest two deficiencies in the current implementation: (1) the rigidity dependence for scattering at low energies may not be sufficiently accurate, and (2) a need to incorporate the re-acceleration of suprathermals explicitly. Finally, Dr. Ng collaborated with Drs. Lun Tan and Reames studying multi-ion anisotropies observed by LEMT on Wind, concluding that the observed heavy-ion anisotropies are consistent with the predicted propagation direction of proton-amplified Alfvén waves (e.g., Ng et al. 2003), and that an outer “reflecting” boundary may explain the observed ion anisotropy reversals. A paper (Lun et al. 2007) on these results has been published in the Astrophysical Journal. Page 29 Dr. Ian Richardson has completed a catalogue of solar particle intensity-time profiles for more than a hundred events in cycle 21 (1974-1984). This includes information on the particle anisotropies (flows) and the concurrent solar wind conditions. This is being distilled into a set of representative profiles, but this task is not complete. To help guide interpretation of these older data, comprehensive ion composition data for recent events has been studied, including their implications for the roles of flare vs. interplanetary shock acceleration in solar particle events. A paper on this topic was presented at the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Merida, Mexico. A paper in Space Science Reviews pointed out that previous reports of iron-rich particles in the vicinity of interplanetary shocks are probably influenced by the presence of non-shock related particle populations, for example from solar flare events that happen to occur close to the time of shock passage at Earth. A paper presented at the Fall American Geophysical Union meeting (San Francisco) discussed the implications of multi-spacecraft observations of solar particle events for the proposed Sentinels inner heliosphere mission. Solar radio emissions have been examined for all ~350 solar particle events in cycle 23. Only one case was found of a frontside source particle event without any fast drifting “type III” radio emission generated by flare accelerated electron beams. The ubiquity of such radio emission implies that flare accelerated electrons, and presumably ions, have ready access to interplanetary space. The one exception was a slow filament eruption at the Sun with no evidence of flaring. A paper was presented at the NSF SHINE meeting in Whistler, Canada. Using techniques similar to those Dr. Richardson and colleagues have applied to nearEarth solar wind data, a list of ~270 interplanetary coronal mass ejections at the Ulysses spacecraft, which is in an orbit taking it above the poles of the Sun and out to the distance of Jupiter, has been compiled. Comparing with observations at Earth, it is found that the ICME rate (~2/solar rotation ~26 days) around solar activity maximum is typically similar to that found at Earth. Though there is a tendency for the rate to fall with increasing heliolatitude, the rate may rise again close to the poles, suggesting that there may be a separate ICME population at high latitudes, perhaps related to polar crown filament eruptions. Observations at Earth suggest that the ICME rate in 2007 has dropped to levels last seen during the previous solar minimum in 1996. Papers on this topic were presented at the Spring AGU meeting (Acapulco, Mexico) and 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference (Merida, Mexico). Using information on ICMEs and solar particle events observed in near-Earth space, a major contribution was made to a comprehensive study of the solar and interplanetary drivers of all intense geomagnetic storms in 1996-2005 arising from a NASA Living with a Star CDAW Workshop. 1.2.6 Cosmic Ray Research Dr. Thomas Hams continued his contribution to the BESS-Polar (Balloon Experiment with a Superconducting Spectrometer) program. The scientific objective of the BESSPolar program is to search for antimatter in the galactic cosmic radiation and in particular the precise measurement of low energy antiprotons. The BESS-Polar experiment is scheduled for a December 2007 balloon launch of ~20 days from Antarctica. During this solar minimum flight, BESS-Polar will precisely measure the antiproton flux to the Page 30 lowest energies and thus will be sensitive to look for a possible primary antiproton component in excess of the predominately secondary antiproton component. In BESS-Polar II, Dr. Hams is responsible for two detector systems the Aerogel Cherenkov Counter (ACC) and the outer Time-Of-Flight system (TOF). During the first BESS-Polar flight the TOF photomultiplier tube (PMT) had a high failure rate due to voltage break-down in the ambient flight environment. For BESS-Polar II, Dr. Hams, designed and tested a hermetic TOF PMT assembly similar to the one he developed for the ACC PMTs used in the previous BESS-Polar flight. The Japanese BESS-Polar collaborators used that hermetic TOF PMT design to provide ~70 TOF PMT. In the US, Dr. Hams reworked and tested the ~60 ACC PMT using in BESS-Polar I. He then traveled to Japan to support the thermal vacuum testing of the combined set of ACC and TOF PMT. The new TOF PMT assemblies required significant changes to the optical coupling of the PMT to the scintillator and is mechanical support. Dr. Hams used a GEANT4 model to optimize the shape of the scintillator and light guide and worked on the design of the mechanical support system for the TOF. He evaluated several different uv-transparent adhesives to join the scintillator and acrylic light guides. Dr. Hams lead the mass production of the 11 upper and 13 lower TOF paddle. Among others, this process included gluing of the light guides and the scintillator, cleaning the optical surfaces, wrapping in aluminized Kapton and two layers of opaque black Tedlar, light-tight assembly of the PMT holder to the wrapped light guides, graded match of PMT/scintillator performance, and finally, gluing the PMT to the light guides. After assembly each paddle was tested for light leaks and the light yield was tested with ground muons. After assembling the TOF paddles on their mechanical support frame, the TOF counter was successful integrated into the instrument. The ACC design was based on the counter Dr. Hams build for the previous BESS-Polar Experiment. The Polar II ACC was done by a Japanese graduate student, which Dr. Hams supervised. Dr. Hams support the BESS-Polar II instrument integration at GSFC and traveled to CSBF, Palestine, TX with the instrument for a final pre-deployment test with the balloon group. Dr. Hams is scheduled to travel to Antarctica to support the flight operation later this year. In addition to his instrument work on BESS-Polar II, Dr. Hams presented the results of the first BESS-Polar flight and the Progress of the BESS-Polar II Program at the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference in Merida, Mexico. After the first BESS-Polar flight, Dr. Makoto Sasaki has examined the performance of the front end electronics (FEE) using the flight data and the beam test data which performed following the flight. Then he concluded that two major modifications ware required for the second BESS-Polar flight. First, he proposed to design a new trigger board. By carefully checking the beam test data, he found cross-talk between the trigger Page 31 signal and the middle TOF hit signal in the trigger board. The cross-talk distorted the timing distribution of the Time-to-Digital-Converter (TDC) data and degraded the time resolution of the Time-Of-Flight system (TOF). He confirmed that the time resolution of the TOF system improved after correcting the cross-talk effect for both flight data and the beam test data. Second, he proposed to develop a delay board in order to use the delay scheme for the Charge-to-Digital-Converter (QDC). For the first BESS-Polar flight, a switching scheme had been used for the QDC and caused considerable dead time during the data acquisition. By using the delay scheme, the dead time can be reduced by half. Also he put the protection diode on the delay line board to prevent damage caused from unexpected signals produced by PMT HV break down. The most serious problem, which happened during the previous flight, was PMT HV break down under cold temperature and low pressure condition. Several QDC channels were damaged by that problem. He developed the FEE as he proposed during the year. The new trigger board and the delay line board were fabricated and embedded into the DAQ system for performance checks. The functions were confirmed in the magnetic field with the ground muon data. In addition to the instrument work, Dr. Sasaki submitted a paper to the 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly held at Beijing July 2006. In the resulting proceedings, he reported the most stringent upper limit for the ratio of antihelium to helium in the cosmic rays using the BESS-Polar I flight data. The emphasis of Dr. Georgia de Nolfo’s research at GSFC/NASA focuses mainly on the study of galactic cosmic rays (GCR) observed from the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) on board the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). Specifically, Dr. de Nolfo has been studying the intensities and variations with solar modulation of the light isotopes observed from CRIS, including helium, lithium, beryllium, and boron in the energy range between ~30-500 MeV/nucleon. Comparisons of the secondary to primary ratio, such as B/C, help to constrain current GCR propagation models. In particular, the predictions of a diffusive reacceleration propagation model, derived from the widely used GALPROP transport code (Moskalenko & Strong, 1998), with parameters that best match the ACE Li, Be, and B results are also consistent with other GCR observations (de Nolfo, et al. 2006). Dr. de Nolfo maintains the latest version of GALPROP at GSFC and has been working on further constraining the multi-parameter phase space of GALPROP with CRIS observations of the light isotopes. The challenge, in deriving intensities of the light isotopes, has been to understand the systematic uncertainties of the tracking efficiencies of the Scintillating Optical Fiber Telescope (SOFT) hodoscope. In the case of helium, the SOFT tracking efficiencies appear to be over-estimated. Dr. de Nolfo has recently determined an adjustment to the CRIS helium tracking efficiencies based on previous and other concurrent observations. This one-time adjustment has enabled the observations of helium intensities from CRIS/ACE, which is particularly important given the limited observations at 1 AU, over an entire solar cycle (de Nolfo, et al., 2007). The derived helium intensities in periods of differing solar modulation are compared with previous and contemporaneous data and with the predictions of GALPROP, using assumptions for GALPROP that are consistent with other observations of secondary isotopes from CRIS (Li, Be, B). The observations Page 32 of CRIS helium isotopic intensities will be useful in studying the effects of solar modulation in time and in deriving radial and latitudinal gradients with Ulysses and Voyager. In addition to her work with ACE, Dr. de Nolfo has also made significant contributions to the analysis of data from two recent Trans-Iron Galactic Recorder (TIGER) flights in 2001 and 2003. She expects to complete a publication of the results of Co/Ni ratio observed from TIGER (also see de Nolfo, et al. 2005). She has recently derived a preliminary Cu/Ni ratio from the 2001 data and has been working on refining the model for energy resolution of the Cherenkov counters to understand the 2003 data. A GSFC-based collaboration, under the leadership of Dr. Stan Hunter, has been performing research to develop gas-microwell detectors and incorporate them into a 3Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) to demonstrate its application to medium and high energy gamma-ray imaging, via tracking of a Compton-scatter electron or electron/positron pair, and to neutron imaging. Dr. de Nolfo has been responsible for laboratory testing and characterization of the MWDs, overseeing the mechanical and electrical assembly of the 3-DTI prototype, developing analysis software, and together with Dr. Son, working to demonstrate the successful imaging of gamma-rays and neutrons with a proof of principle 5x5 cm2 3-DTI prototype. In addition, they have successfully demonstrated neutron imaging with a 10x10 cm2 prototype 3-DTI. 1.2.7 X-ray Optics Development For the Cylindrical coordinate measuring machine, Dr. Kai-Wing Chan led the effort to measure Constellation-X mirrors for their radii, cone angles and axial figures. These were analyzed for repeatability, temperature dependence, and on methods of affixing/mounting. He also carried out numerical studies and it was determined that the measurement depends significantly on the method of mounting. Based on these results, Constellation-X mirror research has been re-directed to the opto-mechanics of the mirrors, i.e. distortion from mirror-mounting. Included in this framework are also distortion from coating stresses and thermal variation. In the area of gravity distortion and mirror support design, Dr. Chan initiated a series of studies of the mechanics of these thin foil mirrors, using numerical methods. He procured a “multi-physics” finite element modeling software package for this purpose. Numerical studies of gravity sag, its dependence on mirror size, and mechanical behavior of the support are carried out for conditions representing those in the laboratory. These numerical models, in addition to analytical methods, are meant to analyze results from, and provide feedback to, experimentations in a relatively quick turn-around time. In particular, analyses of mirror distortion were made to understand the following effects: 1) possible distortion of mirror under various mirror mounting schemes, 2) mirror alignment and associated axial figure errors, and 3) mirror bonding and strain due to thermal variation. Many of these results have been presented in technical seminars, project internal reports and conference papers. Page 33 Also, Dr. Chan worked on the study of coating stress from thin metallic film, which is needed for x-ray reflection. This was carried out experimentally as well as by computer modeling. Preliminary results show significant stress from metallic coating of Iridium and Chromium. More experimental work and modeling is needed to reduce the stress level. This effort is presently on hold due to priority and resource consideration. Finally, as the Suzaku X-Ray Telescope’s US technical representative, Dr. Chan also presented Suzaku XRT updates in senior review meeting and user group meetings. Dr. Chan was also the co-author of 4 Suzaku papers, on the Suzaku Observatory, X-Ray Telescopes and others, published in PASJ . Since fall of 2006, Dr. Yang Soong, working with Drs. Peter Serlemitsos and Takashi Okajima, has been working to develop a new technology of making full shell mirrors (similar to that of the XXM, only much lighter in weight). At the same time, he is working to improve the traditional segmented aperture mirrors. The conical approximation of the Wolter-I type optics can theoretically render an image at 10-15 arc-second HPD for Suzaku telescopes. Yet this elusive target was difficult to reach due to errors being accumulated at each assembly level. For example: on the single mirror level: a) incomplete forming of aluminum substrate even on a perfectly shaped mandrel due to stresses; b) distortion of geometry of Al substrate under gravity; c) compromise in geometry during the replication process; d) axial figure error on the surface of the replication mandrel being transferred to the finished mirrors in the replication; and finally, e) bi-metal effect on the finished mirror. On the assembly level, errors can be caused by: f) orientation uncertainty of the mirrors, essentially the uncertainty of its optical axis; g) focal length change due to free-play on the mirror positioning in the holding fixture; h) holding fixture (housing and teethed mirror alignment bars) manufacturing errors that include: tighter tolerance vs. cost, manufacturing out-of-spec errors, distortion of the parts due to assembly stresses; and finally, i) differences among the assembled quadrants. Over the years, Dr. Soong has worked, along with other colleagues, to largely reduce some of the errors, for example: for a), to match the CTE of the substrate and the mandrel; b) to use substrate with higher tensile strength; d) to screen the mandrel for its quality; e) with better temperature control and reducing the ratio of thickness of the epoxy layer and that of the Al substrate; g) to reduce the free-play by fixing the mirror position on the holding fixture with epoxy; h) to screen the holding fixtures for their quality, and to avoid the assembly stresses. As a result of this work, an X-ray image HPD at 0.6 arc-minutes was achieved with a four-pair mirror, and an image of 1 arc-minute with a 30-pair mirror assembly was stabilized. The remaining error c) cannot be easily dealt with due to the high cost of polishing mandrel surface while the cylindrical ones were available at a fraction of the cost. The last remaining error that has prevented further improvement of the angular resolution is in item f). Page 34 Dr. Soong recognizes that the wandering of the optical axis can be largely reduced by connecting the segmented mirror pieces, each of a 90° section or larger, into a full-shell conical mirror. The preliminary study of the full-shell mirrors is encouraging. A better image, in terms of its roundness and axial figure that was always worsened toward the quadrant boundaries, was obtained in the recent optical alignment of the shells. Dr. John Krizmanic continued development work on the diffractive x-ray optics under his ROSS grant titled "Fresnel Lens Development for X-ray and Gamma-ray Imaging". This research is conducted within a collaboration between CRESST and GSFC scientists along with Prof. Reza Ghodssi’s group in the EE Department of the University of Maryland. In the past year, a definitive round of imaging characterization measurements using UMd-fabricated Phase Fresnel Lenses (PFLs) were taken in the GSFC 600-meter X-ray Interferometry Testbed at 8 keV. The results demonstrate performance near the theoretical expectations, in both the efficiency and point-spread-function with the latter demonstrating near diffraction-limited resolution. A publication has been drafted detailing these results. Second generation PFLs, designed to image at 17.3 keV and to address fabrication artifacts observed in the first generation PFLs, have been fabricated by the University of Maryland and are awaiting the availability of the 600 meter GSFC Testbed for characterization. During this past year, a follow-on proposal to develop achromatic, e.g. extendedbandwidth, PFLs was submitted to the NASA APRA2 AO call with Dr. Krizmanic as the PI. The proposed research was to address the narrow bandwidth of diffractive-limited imaging inherent to simple PFLs by introducing a refractive component to form a contact pair. While the proposal was not funded in the APRA2 review process, significant bridge funded was obtained from NASA HQ to pursue the research until the next APRA call in 2008, to which they were strongly urged to respond. Dr. Krizmanic has also been working in a collaboration led by Dr. Stan Hunter and with other CRESST and GSFC scientists to develop gas microwell detectors to form a 3Dimensional Track Imager (3-DTI) for a gamma-ray Compton telescope. In supporting this effort, Dr. Krizmanic has been performing electrical characterization measurements of the gas microwell detectors, aid in the fabrication of a experimental components, and worked with the group to successfully measure the response of the detectors to gammarays, electrons, and neutrons. As a member of the High Energy Cosmic Ray Group, Dr. Krizmanic has worked with member s of the group in studying and developing future astroparticle physics experiments. He also oversees and maintains a semiconductor characterization laboratory in Building 2 at GSFC. Dr. Krizmanic, along with several other GSFC personnel, has been serving as a technical adviser to the Domestic Nuclear Detection Office (DNDO) in the Department of Homeland Security. In this capacity, Dr. Krizmanic served on numerous review panels Page 35 and has aiding the DNDO personnel in developing testing protocols and procedures to fully characterize new radiation detection technologies. Dr. Krizmanic was elected to the position of CRESST Astroparticle Physics group leader by his fellow CRESST scientists and has aided in the formulation of various CRESST programmatic reports. Dr. Krizmanic served as a mentor to two U.S. Naval Academy Midshipmen, MIDN Achala Edirisinghe and Sian Stimpert, on independent research projects to develop a xray monitor system based upon discrete electronic and FPGA circuitry. Despite a number of aspects of the interferometer not meeting the Constellation-X mission's expectations, Dr. John Lehan learned how to work within the limitations of the hardware and software to obtain useful data. The biggest practical issue limiting the utility of the interferometer is coherent background speckle at the detector plane. This stay light was identified by Dr. Lehan and characterized. The net effect was that the effective band-pass is reduced on the high frequency end of the band-pass of the instrument. With the commissioning on the interferometer completed, Dr. Lehan worked on obtaining repeatable metrology over the entire effective bandwidth of the interferometer to meet the Constellation-X metrology specifications. Although these specifications continue to evolve, Dr. Lehan was able to demonstrate repeatability within (2004) specifications for all metrologic terms measurable by the instrument. This repeatability was realized by Dr. Lehan's efforts on several fronts. The first was the design, alignment, and calibration of a refractive null lens. This enabled the realization of full-surface metrology allowing the azimuth-to-azimuth relationship to be measured with a minimum of uncertainty. The second, possibly more significant, aspect was the invention of a new mount for metrology. The mount, nicknamed a "Cantor-tree," is based on kinematic principles. The "lower branches" act to distribute the load of the mirror in analog to the classic whiffle-tree successfully employed for many large astronomical mirror mountings. The "upper branch" has no static function but is important in the shaping of the vibrational modes of the mirror-mount structure. This upper branch allowed Dr. Lehan to shape the vibrational modes to minimize the effect of the modes on the metrology without introducing static distortions. These efforts were accompanied by several allied publications: Dr. Lehan was principle author on one refereed publication in Optical Engineering and two non-refereed publications in the Proceedings of SPIE. He also was co-author in on an additional two publications in the Proceedings of SPIE. In support of diffraction-limited X-ray optics, Dr. Arzoumanian continued to develop software for analysis of Dr. Krizmanic's phase-Fresnel lens test data from earlier runs at the 600-m X-ray beamline; specific milestones were the derivation of radial profiles to characterize the lens point-spread function, and spectral selection of events to demonstrate the chromaticity of the lens. Page 36 In support of a laser-metrology system to allow X-ray interferometry with grazingincidence optics, Dr. Arzoumanian derived the geometric configuration of the optical system and oversaw the "optical contacting" process for the X-ray mirrors. Progress on this project was suspended during the second half of the year to allow for new construction at the 600-m beamline site. Finally, Dr. Arzoumanian created a software tool to estimate the effective collecting area of nested grazing-incidence foil mirrors in a conical "concentrator" design. The tool is being used for rapid design optimization of mirror assemblies for proposed astrophysics timing mission and X-ray communication concepts. 1.2.8 X-ray Detector Development The Dr. Joe Hill-led APRA proposal to build the Gamma-ray Burst Polarimeter (GRBP) for MidSTAR2 was accepted. The proposal was funded for 5 years to build, launch and operate the first GRB X-ray polarimeter and to perform scientific analysis of the data. The GRBP is expected to measure the polarization of at least 10 GRBs during the 2-year mission. This mission is in collaboration with the US Naval Academy in Annapolis and will consist of the GRBP and 3 atmospheric instruments also being built at GSFC. The group has designed and is now building a GRB polarimeter prototype. They expect to have a detector of comparable dimensions to that needed for flight, available for test at the end of October. During the summer, Dr. Hill supervised a summer student who worked on upgrading the X-ray polarimeter simulation code to simulate complex gases. The results from the simulation were very similar to laboratory results. More work needs to continue in this area to improve the resolution of the simulation and to broaden its applicability. Finally, Dr. Hill has been coordinating the efforts of a SMEX proposal for a GRB polarimeter mission call POET: POlarimeters for Energetic Transients. The collaboration between the University of New Hampshire, USRA and GSFC consists of three instruments; GRAPE (UNH), mBAT (GSFC) and LEP (USRA). Dr. Simon Bandler is one of the leading scientists within the X-Ray Microcalorimeter group, developing detectors suitable for the Constellation-X project, the Micro-X project, and other future missions requiring high-resolution spectroscopy of X-rays. He has spent 80% of his time working on transition edge sensor (TES) development, and 20% of his time working on magnetic calorimeter development (MagCal). TES sensors are currently the primary technology chosen for the detectors of the SXT instrument on the Constellation-X mission. Dr. Bandler has also been leading an effort to develop MagCals that have the potential to be even more sensitive than TESs, and be fabricated into even wider format arrays. In the area of TES 8x8 arrays, they have recently demonstrated breakthrough sensitivity with this technology in arrays of these microcalorimeters that have integrated high fill- Page 37 factor absorbers with high quantum efficiency up to 10 keV (1.8 eV FWHM at 6 keV). This sensitivity meets not just the requirement but also the goal for the Constellation-X mission. This breakthrough was realized largely due to a new design for the attachment method between the absorber and sensor, in which Dr. Bandler played a central role. In arrays with uniform stem designs, uniform performance and detector characteristics have been achieved in 8x8 arrays. A second area of research is in TES microcalorimeter readout. They have further developed a readout by improving the multiplexing capability. They have been able to successfully multiplex up to 8 pixels at once and demonstrated an energy resolution of less than 3.5 eV while multiplexing. Dr. Bandler has been at the forefront of using and developing this software and has begun to study electrical, thermal, and multiplexer cross talk while between 2 and 8 pixels are multiplexed. A third area of research has been in testing TES microcalorimeter pixels that are fabricated on solid silicon substrates rather than on membranes. The increased thermal conductance has enabled us to observe pixels with a decay time as fast at 37 microseconds while maintaining an energy resolution of 6 eV FWHM at 6 keV. These pixels are almost an order of magnitude faster than typical microcalorimeter pixel designs and could be used to study "hot" x-ray sources in future missions. Dr. Bandler has also been participating in the design of a new concept in position sensitive microcalorimeters, a detector known as a Hydra in which many absorbers are read out using a single TES. This design has been laid out into masks for fabrication. The construction and testing of these devices will take place in the near future. In the area of magnetic calorimeters, the first all lithographically fabricated arrays of these sensors have been made and tested this year. From the observed signal sizes in response to 6 keV x-ray absorption, and the observed noise, his group has demonstrated a sensitivity (deduced from integrating the noise equivalent power) of 3.8 eV FWHM at 6 keV in these devices. 2.0 eV resolution should be achievable if microphonic and all other forms of extraneous noise can are eliminated. With future modifications, under 1.0 eV resolution appears to be possible. The first microfabricated N=MagCals with suitable absorbers attached have just been yielded in which they will be able to test whether this level of sensitivity will translate into observed spectral energy resolution. Since January, Dr. Bandler has also hosted a guest scientist at GSFC on this program. Dr. Johannes Rotzinger is a post-doctorial research associate employed at Brown University, and under Dr. Bandler’s guidance, has developed the testing and understanding of the MagCal performance substantially. Dr. Zaven Arzoumanian contributed to the first-ever demonstration of (analog) audio communications over X-rays, resulting in a New Technology Report submitted by Dr. Keith Gendreau (Code 662) to the technology transfer office. Dr. Arzoumanian assisted in the implementation of fast "avalanche photodiode" detectors, and associated dataacquisition software, to allow for increased communication bandwidth. The technique is currently being refined to permit digital communication through the use of faster detectors and electronics. The primary technical hurdle has been to match the timescales of the X-ray detector output with the pulse widths, rise times, etc. in the digital signal chain. Page 38 Dr. Arzoumanian submitted, together with Drs. Gendreau (code 662, first author) and Martins (code 613 & UMBC), a patent application for an "Instrument and Method for Xray Diffraction, Fluorescence, and Crystal Texture Analysis Without Sample Preparation". Diffractometer studies are now being performed on a third prototype instrument, the design parameters for which were optimized by Dr. Arzoumanian. 1.2.8.1 Research in X-ray Astrophysics Dr. Nikolai Shaposhnikov has written and tested a new version of pcarmf (RXTE/PCA response generator), which produces small uniform residuals near xenon K edge (32-35 keV). A new set of optimized parameters is calculated. The release of pcarmf is planned for the upcoming weeks. Evolution of Crab count rates after year 2000 causes the Crab normalization to change with time, which is presumably due to faint transient source in the PCA field of view. Investigation of this issue is in progress. Ms. Megan deCesar, a University of Maryland graduate student, is working with Dr. Patricia Boyd, with support from Dr. Neil Gehrels (Swift) and Dr. Jean Swank (RXTE). They have been examining the Swift-UVOT and RXTE data of the Be/X-ray binary transient source SWIFT J1626.6-5156, discovered by the Swift-BAT during an outburst in December 2005 (Krimm et al. 2005, Palmer et al. 2005). They see a star in the UVOT data whose coordinates match, to within observational error, the coordinates given by Krimm et al. (2005) and confirmed by Negueruela & Marco (2006). Preliminary analysis of UVOT data taken 4 days apart in mid-January 2006 shows a slight brightness increase in the V, B, and W1 bands, with a possible increase in U and a possible decrease in M2. In the X-ray, the source shows long-scale variability with a period of ~45 days; although the variability appears periodic to the eye, a more quantitative approach shows that the ``period'' varies by ~5-10 days, suggesting that this quasi-periodicity may not be orbital in origin. They have looked closely at a few observations from the overall light curve (composed of ~250 observations total), one taken near the peak of the X-ray burst, and two others taken at high and low fluxes during the first quasi-periodic cycle following the burst. They used the FTOOLS efsearch and efold respectively to find the spin period and construct the pulse profile. From the pulse profile they infer the pulsed fraction (PF), which quantifies the amount of X-ray light being pulsed relative to the total X-ray light detected. On average, the pulsar has a spin period of ~15.35 s, although it spins up and down between observations, presumably due to accretion and magnetic torquing. They find that in the observation near the peak, which uniquely contains high and low flux states in a single pointing, the PF is significantly larger at high flux than at low (~0.74 versus ~0.45). However, in the following observations taken at low and high flux, the PF remains nearly constant at an average value of ~0.45. Dr. John Cannizzo’s research also continued on the Hilbert-Huang Transform, a technique developed for studying nonlinear, nonstationary signals in low signal-to-noise environments. The most recent work consists of detector characterization, using the HHT Page 39 to track variations in separate channels simultaneously and diagnose possible causal relations. The most recent signal detection work entails extending the HHT with the Hough Transform as a pattern recognition tool. Identifying "clusters" of points above a background can increase sensitivity. Work is underway to quantify the detection efficiency within the ROC formalism (receiver operation characteristics) to assess its strengths as a detection algorithm. In addition, there were 2 trips (Oct - eight day trip; June - four day trip) to the LIGO facility in Baton Rouge, LA, to carry out shift work during the just completed S5 science run. In Dec 2006 an entry was submitted the LISA Mock Data Challenge, with Jordan Camp, to present the results of an HHT-based search for signals in the massive black hole category of the LMDC. Dr. Kenji Hamaguchi, in conjunction with collaborators, detected X-ray emission from young late A-type stars in two Chandra observations, and published a paper, combining HST, FUSE and group based observations. Adding earlier observing results of X-ray emission from late A-type stars, they are trying to derive dependences of X-ray activity on stellar properties. Since they do not have enough samples, they will propose more observations with the Chandra and XMM-Newton observatories. Dr. Zaven Arzoumanian completed analysis of Chandra telescope data for the DA 495 supernova remnant (SNR), demonstrating that it is the first known pulsar wind nebula with a large "magnetization parameter,” i.e., in which the wind carries nearly equal parts electromagnetic and particle energy. All nebulae for which a similar measurement had previously been made are particle-dominated, and the new result has implications for our understanding of the aging process in pulsar-powered SNRs. A paper describing these results has been submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. Dr. Arzoumanian completed analysis of a Chandra dataset on SNR G76.9+1.0, in which a relatively bright, hard point source was detected, with a surrounding ring of emission and a faint linear extension, all very reminiscent of the Crab pulsar. A follow-up proposal to search for radio pulsations has been accepted, with observations scheduled for the end of October 2007. Dr. Arzoumanian carried out observations during four sessions with the Arecibo radio telescope in support of the large-scale Pulsar-ALFA survey (www.naic.edu/palfa); one of these resulted in the discovery of a new pulsar, J1850+04, with 290 ms period. Finally, Dr. Arzoumanian estimated the anticipated timing precisions of all cataloged millisecond X-ray pulsars (9) for use in a future timing mission concept. Dr. Sudip Bhattacharyya continued his work on thermonuclear X-ray bursts and neutron star binaries, in order to (1) understand these systems, (2) address the fundamental physics of neutron star core matter, and (3) address the effects of strong gravity near neutron stars. He was the first author of a paper (published in ApJ Letters) reporting the first discovery of a significantly asymmetric broad iron emission line from a neutron star low mass X-ray binary (using XMM-Newton data). This opens up a new way to constrain neutron star parameters. In another paper, he (as a co-author) confirmed Page 40 these results using Suzaku data. He has also detected a broad iron emission line from the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB) 1A 1744-361 for the first time (using RXTE data), and reported on the correlated spectral and timing properties of this source. He has also done various work on thermonuclear X-ray bursts. He has tentatively detected burst oscillations and hence measured the spin frequency of the neutron star in the LMXB XB 1254-690. He has also detected a very unique precursor burst from the source SAX J1808.4-3658, and shown that thermonuclear flame spreading on the neutron star surface happened during this precursor. Finally, in another work he has, for the first time, shown the observational evidence of the effects of Coriolis force on such spreading. Note that the understanding of flame spreading provides a unique opportunity to probe some aspects of extreme physics. Dr. Michael Loewenstein continued to make progress on research into elemental abundances in elliptical galaxies. Data from Suzaku Cycle 1 observations of NGC 4472 and NGC 4649 were analyzed; and, emission lines from Argon, Sulfur, and fully ionized Silicon were detected and measured for the first time in an elliptical galaxy (NGC 4472). Their strong presence in NGC 4472, but weaker presence or absence in NGC 4649, illuminates the chemical and thermal structure, evolution, and diversity in these galaxies. This effort is part of a larger project which also includes chemical evolution modeling tailored for individual galaxies; as well as analysis (in collaboration with Dr. David S. Davis) of new and archival XMM-Newton RGS spectra of these same galaxies in light of recent calibration and software improvements. The XMM-Newton NGC 4472 analysis is complete, while reprocessed Suzaku NGC 4472 data has just become available for reanalysis. They are awaiting reprocessing of Suzaku NGC 4649 data, as well as a recently approved re-observation of NGC 4649 (see below). Preliminary results were included in conference proceedings from 2006 meetings ("The Extreme Universe in the Suzaku Era", "36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly -- Challenges in High Resolution Space Astronomy: Astrophysics, Technology and Data"). Dr. Loewenstein and co-investigators Alexander Kusenko (UCLA) and Peter L. Biermann of (MPI) are conducting an observational experiment designed to constrain -- if not detect -- emission lines associated with the radiative decay of warm dark matter in the form of sterile neutrinos located in the dark-matter-dominated Ursa Minor and Draco dwarf spheroidal galaxies. The data were originally downloaded in early May, and analyzed multiple times (see below). Preliminary analysis demonstrates that one can accurately characterize the total (internal-plus-external) background, and place new constraints on the properties of warm dark matter approaching that originally estimated in the Suzaku observing proposal. Dr. Loewenstein visited Dr. Kusenko in August to discuss theoretical issues and analysis strategies. Reprocessed data from both dwarf galaxies are now available and under re-analysis. The Suzaku data for both of the above projects were taken with the CCD detectors in the new Spaced-row Charge Injection (SCI) mode that reduces energy resolution degradation caused by radiation damage. Dr. Loewenstein worked with the local Suzaku Guest Observer Facility (GOF) to refine and apply provisional methods of reducing these data, but analysis could not proceed beyond the preliminary stage until the recent reprocessing. Page 41 The next major hurdle involves an improved treatment of the background; again Dr. Loewenstein is working with the GOF on this issue. Emission associated with a strong solar flare was detected by the Suzaku HXD during the observation of NGC 4472, and is being analyzed in collaboration with the HXD hardware team to study solar wind neutrons and the albedo of the earth when illuminated by solar X-rays. Dr. Loewenstein presented an invited review entitled ``Thermal and Chemical Properties of the ICM in the XMM-Newton/Chandra era'' at the "Tracing Cosmic Evolutions with Galaxy Clusters - Six Years Later" conference from June 25--29 in Sesto Pusteria (Bolzano) Italy. He is scheduled to give invited reviews on abundances in the hot ISM of elliptical galaxies at an October symposium at the University of California, Santa Cruz; and, an invited review on Suzaku observation of galaxy groups at the ``The Suzaku X-ray Universe'' conference in December in San Diego. Dr. Loewenstein worked his regular rotation (two shifts in the most recent quarter) on the NASA/GSFC ``Ask a High Energy Astronomer'' web-based outreach program; and, is a Science Principle Investigator on the submitted E/PO proposal ``Taking Girl Scouts Beyond Einstein with Big Explosions and Strong Gravity'' (Team Lead: Dr. Ann Hornschemeier). 1.2.9 Laboratory Astrophysics and Spectral Modeling No funded activities, at present. 1.2.10 High Energy Astrophysics Mission Science Dr. Sturner performed his duties as lead of the INTEGRAL Guest Observer Facility (GOF). Among these duties is maintaining the INTEGRAL archive at NASA/GSFC. During the past year he has downloaded (from the ISDC) and installed the past year’s INTEGRAL public data releases into the HEASARC mirror to the INTEGRAL public data archive. This data consisted of 122 spacecraft revolutions of data totaling approximately 1 TB of data. In addition, Dr. Sturner also maintains a list of INTEGRAL related scientific publications Dr. Sturner has performed other duties during this time period in his position with the INTEGRAL GOF. These include supporting US guest investigators during the INTEGRAL AO-5 proposal submission and review process including promoting AO-5 to potential US proposers, soliciting stage 2 budget proposals from successful US PIs and US Co-I on foreign led proposals, as well as organizing the review of these stage 2 proposals. Dr. Sturner has worked with the chair of the US INTEGRAL Users Committee, Dr. Chryssa Kouveliotou, in updating the committee membership and organizing a User’s Committee meeting to be held in November 2007. Page 42 He has also worked with Barbara Mattson at GSFC on EPO for INTEGRAL. Ms. Mattson is working on a set of four lithographs illustrating technical and scientific aspects of INTEGRAL. These lithographs discuss the INTEGRAL spacecraft and its instrumentation, the method of coded mask imaging, INTEGRAL observations of point sources near the Galactic center, and INTEGRAL observations of the 511 keV annihilation radiation from the Galaxy. Dr. Sturner attended the INTEGRAL/SPI Co-I meeting in Toulouse in October 2006. He also attended the INTEGRAL/SPI team meeting at the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics in Garching, Germany on March 19-20, 2007. At this meeting he was named a Co-Investigator for the SPI instrument. Dr. Stephen Holland has worked at the Swift Science Centre providing support to the astrophysics community to work with Swift data. He has participated in the ongoing UVOT calibration effort and coordinated the integration of UVOT calibration products into the UVOT data analysis software suite. He has developed software to construct spectral energy distributions from Swift/UVOT data and been involved in the definition, development, and testing of the Swift Tools software package. Dr. Holland provided technical support for the Swift Cycle 3 and Cycle 4 Guest Investigator programmes, and participated the Cycle 3 proposal review meeting in October 2006. In addition, he maintains the Swift Technical Handbook and staffs the Swift Help Desk. Dr. Holland has taken part in the first response to most of the gamma-ray bursts that Swift detected during this period. This involves analyzing the initial data from a burst and distributing Swift results to the astrophysics community. He has written several GCN Circular and Reports. Dr. Holland is an active member of the Swift Science Team and is involved in the analysis of data from several gamma-ray bursts. Dr. - Holland attended the AAS meeting in January 2007 as a representative of the Swift Science Centre and presented a research paper on the gamma-ray burst GRB 060607A. He also attended the Supernova 1987A meeting to present results of Swift/UVOT observations of core-collapse supernovae. Dr. Holland was a co-author on a paper about GRB 060313, a gamma-ray burst that exhibited unusual rapid variations in its optical light curve. He was also a co-author on a paper discussing the implications of the lack of optical afterglows for Swift-detected gamma-ray bursts. In October, Dr. Holland took over the leadership of the Swift Supernova Team's Type II supernova sub-group. He was a co-author on a paper presenting Swift data on the supernova SN2005cs. Dr. Stefan Immler worked on the documentation of the Swift satellite project by extensively revising and publishing the Swift UVOT Software Guide and creating and updating online Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) data analysis recipes. He is the curator of the Swift Supernova web site which is linked from the main Swift web site. He served as "Burst Advocate" and "Swift UVOT Burst Specialist" for a large number of Gamma-Ray Bursts and analyzed GRB data as soon as they became available after the explosion of a GRB and observations by Swift. He further submitted various Target of Opportunity proposals to observe young supernovae with the Swift satellite, analyzed the Page 43 data and reported on the results in the Swift daily planning telecons, publications and to the Swift Supernova Team. He further tested Swift pipeline data and new software tools for the Swift UVOT. He organized the international conference "Supernova 1987A: 20 Years after. Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursters," which was held in Aspen, Colorado, from February 19-23, 2007. During that conference, Immler gave a review talk about "X-Ray Emission from Supernovae" and made the closing remarks at the end of the conference. All presentations given during the conference were made publicly available on the conference web site. Within a six month period after the conference, he collected the proceeding papers from 75 individual authors, edited them and published the conference proceedings as an American Institute of Physics Conference Series (#937). He further gave an invited talk at the HEAD meeting in San Francisco (October 2007), colloquium talks at Howard University (November) and the University of Maryland, College Park (January), the Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, UC Santa Barbara (April), an invited talk during the Swift Team Meeting at The Pennsylvania State University (May), gave a presentation during the GLAST User's Group Meeting (June), held a seminar talk at the University of Massachusetts (July), gave a talk during the workshop "From Massive Stars to Supernova Remnants" in Leiden, Holland, and gave the keynote talk during the workshop "X-Rays from Galaxies" at ESAC, Madrid, Spain. He further served on the Scientific Organizing Committee of the ESAC workshop "X-Rays from Galaxies" and the NASA GSFC Extragalactic Conference II (September). During this period, Dr. Immler supervised the undergraduate student Bo Li and the graduate student Mike Koss from the University of Maryland and the graduate student Milena Bufano who is currently at the GSFC for a one-year program as part of her thesis project at the University of Padova, Italy. He further received a NASA Group Achievement Award for the Swift satellite ground support. He submitted proposals and was awarded observing time during the Chandra AO8, Swift Cycle 3, and XMM-Newton AO6 as a Principal Investigator and was a Co-Investigator on numerous other observing proposals (Chandra, XMM-Newton, Swift, VLA, ESO) and an NSF grant proposal for financial support of the "SN 1987A: 20 Years After" conference. During the report period, six refereed and 46 unrefereed papers were published with Immler either as a first or co-author. He also served as a referee for the journals Nature and The Astrophysical Journal. Results from some of his studies and papers were presented to the public in three NASA press releases and he gave a number of interviews with news reporters with a large echo in the printed press. Dr. Jerry Bonnell continued to work on the problem of onboard identification of gamma-ray bursts in the GLAST LAT in collaboration with flight software groups at SLAC and Ohio State University. During this period the group has significantly revised the onboard GRB trigger algorithm and subsequently the alert telemetry and GCN notice format. As a result the flight software group at SLAC has delivered the first version of the LAT GRB trigger code. Parameterization of the code to support sensitivity testing has been completed. The algorithm is serving as a prototype for GRB identification in the on ground Automated Science Processing of GLAST data. Working with the GLAST Page 44 SSC, Dr. Bonnell has contributed operations scripts and analysis and software testing for scheduling and planning software, and participated in Mission Planning Exercises. Dr. Bonnell has contributed to an algorithm for detecting quantum gravity photon dispersion in the time and energy tagged GLAST LAT data. A description of the algorithm and application to simulated gamma-ray burst data is presently being refereed for publication in ApJ. Dr. Koji Mukai leads the Suzaku Guest Observer facility at GSFC. This year, he oversaw the Suzaku Cycle 2 proposal process. The Suzaku GOF (including Dr. Mukai and Dr. Kenji Hamaguchi) provided documentation and expert advice to prospective proposers before the deadline. Dr. Mukai then organized the US peer review, securing 26 reviewers whose expertise matched the research areas covered by the proposals and collectively with minimum conflicts of interest. During the US peer review (Feb 8 & 9, 2007), GOF members supplied technical expertise, and interfaced with other support staff that provided database expertise and organized the meeting logistics. Dr. Mukai then participated in the US-Japan merging meeting on Mar 1 at ISAS/JAXA, to construct the international observing program for Suzaku AO-2. Dr. Mukai and his colleagues at ISAS/JAXA published the final target list on the web on Mar 6. Suzaku observations of Cycle 2 targets started in 2007 April. In parallel, Dr. Mukai organized the Stage 2 (budget) proposal process. Under NASA HQ guidance, he issued the call for proposals to successful Stage 1 proposers and supervised the NRESS effort that had the responsibility of receiving the proposals. Stage 2 proposers were due on May 7, and the Stage 2 review was held as a teleconference on June 29. The necessary paperwork at NASA HQ were completed by the end of September and GSFC is ready to initiate Cycle 2 guest observer grants. The Suzaku GOF assisted the HEASARC and ISAS/JAXA in preparing for the opening of the Suzaku public archive in 2007 June. At the same time, GOF scientists were testing software and calibration for a major update of the processing pipeline. In the existing pipeline (Version 1.2 and 1.3), attitude wobbles up to 1 arcmin were not modeled, XIS data taken with charge injection were not calibrated, and HXD/PIN data take with bias voltage of 400 V were not calibrated. These and lesser issues were solved by the upgrades to software and calibration files that were incorporated in the new pipeline, Version 2. Processing of new observations and re-processing of old using the Version 2 pipeline started in 2007 August. Using the BAT survey of AGN from the SWIFT Satellite, Mike Koss, a University of Maryland graduate student, took optical data from the .9m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory over three nights of 5 AGN targets in the UBVRI filters. The analysis of optical images of the host galaxies was done using GALFIT, a two dimensional algorithm to match the host galaxy and subtract the central point source. A survey of the relationships between color, morphology, fundamental plane relationships, and AGN luminosity is currently being performed. Also, the study is investigating quantitative signs of merger activity or star formation left in the residual images after subtracting the galaxy template. This is the initial part of a larger survey of BAT AGN galaxies that was Page 45 submitted to be observed on the Kitt Peak National Observatory 2 meter telescope. Also, working under Stefan Immler, Mr. Koss analyzed SN observed with SWIFT XRT for calculations of mass loss rate of progenitor stellar wind. Among his various activities, Dr. Hamaguchi has helped to ensure that Suzaku Cycle 2 observations have been performed without any major problems. The Suzaku software version 5 and 6 has been released and the version 2.0 processing data have been delivered to general observers. Software manuals for the latest version software were written. Dr. Steve Drake continued his work in support of HEASARC activities. He, together with Ed Sabol and Pat Tyler, created 14 new Browse database tables and made major updates to 10 others, including the new versions of the XMM-Newton Sererendipitous Source Catalog and the XMM-Newton Slew Catalog, the Ritter Cataclysmic Variable Catalog, and the SLoan Digital Sky Survey Quasars Catalog, 4 Chandra source tables and 8 XMM-Newton source tables. He coordinated the planning of the HEASARC Users Group (HUG) meeting to be held October 15-16 2007, working with the HUG Chair, Frits Paerels, and the HEASARC, Director Nick White, to develop a draft agenda. As part of his own presentation at the HUG Meeting, he generated updated and improved usage statistics for the HEASARC, e.g., bytes downloaded and archive contents broken down by mission, Browse queries, papers published in the literature making use of HEASARC datasets, and created graphics depicting these statistics many of which he has already emplaced on the HEASARC website, for example on the page http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/stats/stats.html. In addition to these statistics, he continued generating the monthly digests of usage activity on the HEASARC's ftp and http servers, e.g., see http://heasarcdev.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/stats/2007_stats/, and also made major revisions to a number of the HEASARC web pages, such as http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/resources.html and http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/heasarc/online_proceedings.html. Steve Drake and Rachel Osten (U. Md) continued their research on stellar flares making use of data from the Swift Gamma-Ray Burst mission. Unfortunately, their active VLA program to do rapid follow-up radio observations of large stellar flares caught by Swift was suspended in summer 2007 when the VLA Modcomp computers were retired, but should be reactivated in Fall 2007 when the necessary new software to achieve this with the new VLA system becomes available. A preliminary survey of the in-project BAT Catalog of hard X-ray sources detected in the first 9 months of operation was conducted to see if there was any evidence for an excess of sources detected in the direction of the nearby Taurus star-formation region, but yielded no significant number. In the area of GLAST operations support software, Dr. Robin Corbet, has developed and used a number of ground tests including Ground Readiness Tests and two Mission Planning Exercises. The Mission Planning Exercises in particular have demonstrated that the GSSC and support both long term and short term observations schedule generation and support Target of Opportunity observations. The exchange of data products with other ground elements (the LAT and GBM instrument teams and the Mission Operations Center) has also been successfully demonstrated. Tools will continue to be refined in the Page 46 time remaining before launch, but the required minimum capabilities have already been demonstrated to exist. RXTE continues to operate successfully with very low staffing during the cycle 12 period. Dr. Corbet also continued his exemplary scientific investigations, centered on pulsar observations. Numerous publications and notices have been submitted. Dr. David Band has been active in the first cycle of the GLAST GI program. He drafted: the GLAST text for the 2007 Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences (ROSES; released 2/16/07); web pages describing the GI program for the GSSC website; 'Frequently-Asked-Questions' describing the GI program and the policies governing it; help pages for web tools; and the GLAST Technical Handbook. He also designed webbased tools in support of the GI program: a source detectability tool; GLASTspec, which uses XSPEC's fakeit command to simulate GLAST spectra; the Notice-of-Intent web form on the GSSC website; and the proposal form using GSFC's Remote Proposal System (RPS). He has been answering queries to the GSSC helpdesk, and has updated the GSSC 'Frequently-Asked-Questions' based on these queries. 167 Phase 1 proposals were submitted; David has been sorting them into tentative peer review panels and recruiting reviewers. David Band made oral or poster presentations about the GLAST GI program and user support plans at the following meetings: the AAS meeting (Seattle; 1/9); the GLAST workshops at GSFC (1/17 and 8/23); the First GLAST Symposium (Stanford; 2/5); 'VLBI in the GLAST Era' workshop (GSFC; 4/23-24); the Swift team meeting (State College; 5/1-2); and the GLAST workshop at the Center for Astrophysics (Cambridge, MA; 6/18). He also made oral or poster presentations about GLAST's gamma-ray burst capabilities at the HEAD meeting (San Francisco; 10/4-5); the GLAST Symposium; the Swift team meeting; the GLAST workshops at GSFC and Center for Astrophysics. As executive secretary of the GLAST Users' Group (GUG), Dr. Band supported face-toface meetings (11/17-18, 2/4, 6/4-5, 9/17) and two telecons (4/20, 8/9). At these meetings he reported on the status of the GI program and the GSSC's user support plans, and demonstrated the GI proposal tools. Subsequent to the telecon and meetings Dr. Band prepared the minutes, and maintained the Action Item list. David Band maintains the GLAST Project Data Management Plan, the Science Data Products ICD and the Science Data Products File Format Document. Band has also been preparing the documentation for the GLAST-specific analysis tools. David Band presented the current status of the GSSC's User Support activities at an ad hoc review of the GSSC (6/11). David Band is working to first calculate and then optimize the overlap between the Swift and GLAST fields-of-view once GLAST is launched. He used semi-analytical models to calculate this overlap with and without attempting to increase it. Dr. Band designed a Page 47 tool to identify Swift targets in GLAST's FOV that satisfy Swift' observing constraints. Gamma-ray burst science will be enhanced by this overlap. David Band has been calculating the survey and gamma-ray burst sensitivity of the proposed EXIST mission, a candidate for the Beyond Einstein Black-Hole Finder probe. He submitted a paper on EXIST's gamma-ray burst sensitivity, and drafted a related memo on EXIST's survey sensitivity (used by the PI for other presentations). These calculations compare the burst detection capabilities of BATSE, Swift, GLAST and EXIST. He spoke about EXIST's gamma-ray burst capabilities at the Beyond Einstein town hall in Baltimore (March 14). In support of these calculations, Band and Gerry Skinner (CRESST/UMD) calculated a more accurate approximation for the significance of a source detection by a coded mask. 1.2.11 Data Analysis and Archiving Dr. Michael Corcoran continued supporting HEASARC activity as GLAST archive scientist and manager of the Calibration Database (CALDB). During this fiscal year, Dr. Corcoran managed 15 Swift CALDB updates, 18 Suzaku updates, and 9 Chandra updates. Dr. Corcoran also participated in weekly meetings of the GLAST Science Support Center and has co-authored the GSSC-HEASARC MOU, which is currently out for signatures. Dr. Corcoran also co-authored the GLAST-HEASARC Interface Control Document, describing in detail how the GLAST archive will be maintained after the close of the GSSC. This document is currently in draft. Dr. Corcoran also participated in a GSSC "readiness review". Dr. Corcoran is also consulting with the GSSC in creating the GLAST CALDB, and has consulted with both the GLAST project and the Suzaku and Swift missions on various calibration matters. Dr. Corcoran also maintains the High Energy Astrophysics Picture of the Week. Dr. Corcoran has worked with Dr. K. Hamaguchi (CRESST) on analysis of XMM X-ray spectra for eta Car, which resulted in a published paper in the ApJ. Corcoran also actively collaborated with Hamaguchi, Dr. K. Nielsen (CUA), Dr. Ted Gull (GSFC) and others on an analysis of line profile changes in STIS spectra of eta Car. This work was also published this fiscal year (Nielsen et al., 2007 ApJ). Corcoran worked with Dr. Y. Naze (Liege), Dr. G. Koenigsberger (UNAM), and Dr. A. F. J. Moffat (U. Montreal) on an analysis of the X-ray variation of HD 5980 (Naze et al., 2007, ApJ, 658, L25) which was the first detection of colliding wind emission in X-rays beyond the Milky Way. Dr. Keith Arnaud has continued his work on data analysis techniques in X-ray and gravitational wave astronomy. Working on xspec with a programmer he has added new statistics to compare the data with the theoretical model and made a major upgrade to the Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods. This should be particularly powerful for the complex, multi parameter models which are increasingly popular. He continues to support the addition of new models as they are supplied by the community. An interesting xspec milestone was passed this year when the 1996 ADASS conference proceedings which is often referenced by papers using xspec passed 1000 citations in ADS. This is only a lower limit on the number of papers published in the last decade Page 48 using xspec because many authors do not include a citation, or even mention that they used the program. Dr. Arnaud has supported releases of the HEAsoft package and has continued to fix bugs and make enhancements in code critical for the Suzaku and Swift processing. In addition he started work on a new library of routines to manipulate X-ray spectra and responses with the aim of replacing many of the current tools with more flexible substitutes. In the field of gravitational wave astronomy, Dr. Arnaud continued his work with the Mock LISA Data Challenge consortium, which has now reached phase 3 of its challenges. He is working with local LISA and numerical relativity experts to investigate the repercussions of recent breakthroughs in modeling the merger of black holes for LISA data analysis. Dr. Arnaud co-led the 5th International X-ray Astronomy School, which was hosted in August in Washington DC by The George Washington University. These schools, which Dr. Arnaud founded, aim to teach graduate students and young post-docs how to use Xray astronomical data in their research. In other service to the community, Dr. Arnaud was a panel vice-chair for the Chandra proposal peer review. 1.2.12 Numerical Relativity No funded activities, at present. 1.2.13 Laser Frequency Stabilization for Space Applications No funded activities, at present. 1.2.14 Precision Laser Interferometry No funded activities, at present. 1.2.15 Gravitational Wave Antenna Modeling No funded activities, at present. 1.2.16 UV-Optical Studies Dr. Hamaguchi, along with collaborators, published a paper about the XMM-Newton observations of Eta Car around the 2003 X-ray minimum. They discovered a new X-ray component and measured variation in NH, kT and flux, and confirmed that X-ray emission is fundamentally driven by wind-wind collision. However, the fundamental mechanism of the X-ray plummet that occurred around the peri-astron passage is still controversial. They plan another intensive observation with Chandra, XMM, Suzaku, RXTE and Swift in the event that will happen in 2009. Dr. Richard Arendt continued work on the Spitzer/IRAC survey of the Galactic Center has led to the publication of a point source catalog and the near-completion of papers on (1) the ISM colors and (2) the correlations between the infrared and X-ray point sources. The point source catalog contains > 106 sources between the confusion (faint) and the Page 49 saturation (bright) limits. Analysis of the color, brightness, and distribution of the sources has led to the selection of about 100 candidate “young stellar objects” (YSOs) which will be investigated with further spectroscopic observations. The correlation with X-ray sources indicates that only the soft X-ray sources (i.e. relatively local sources) show any statistically significant correlation with 3.6 – 8 µm infrared sources. This confirms previous limits set on the luminosity of stellar sources associated with the X-ray sources. The ISM colors are surprisingly uniform over the entire Galactic Center. This is because the emission is dominated by very small dust grains and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). At 3.6 – 8 µm wavelengths, the emission of these particles is dominated by their optical emissivities rather than their physical temperatures. In a very few limited regions, the ISM colors do appear to change. These are areas where very intense radiation fields destroy the PAHs, and heat large dust grains to such high temperatures that they emit significantly at 8 µm. The least-squares self-calibration was applied to IRAC observations of the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4013. This is now the 5th galaxy in a set that is being examined by other collaborators in a search for thick-disk haloes around these galaxies. Dr. Arendt also continued minor improvements in the microshutter analysis tool (MSSANALYIS) at the request of users. The software for examination and quick-look analysis of GISMO data has undergone substantial enhancements and improvements. Perhaps most significantly, the quick look GUI now provides a front-end to the more sophisticated least-squares self-calibration routine. This required relatively minimal adaptation of the self-calibration procedures, but will likely require more work for optimal performance with real GISMO data. Work has continued on the analysis of Spitzer observations of SN 1987A. This work has led to the submission of a paper revealing evidence for ongoing destruction of circumstellar dust grains in the rapidly evolving supernova remnant. Dr. Alexander Kutyrev continued to work on the further development of the JWST/NIRSpec (Near Infrared Spectrograph) microshutter position test system. As a result of that system development the coordinate position measurement has been substantially improved. These measurements are critical for the evaluation of the microshutter array and quad design to satisfy the NIRSpec requirements on the microshutter positioning and location of the spectra on the detector. This upgraded coordinate measurement system involved development of both hardware and software to measure relative position of the quad sample with respect to a reference target positioned on a reference plane. The routines for correlation analysis were written to improve the measurement accuracy. Dr. Kutyrev began working on the recently-awarded project on the zodiacal light in application to the cosmological studies. The project involves observations of the zodiacal light Fraunhofer spectrum with high resolution high throughput spectrometer. At this initial stage of the project, Dr. Kutyrev has being doing a study of possible options of the Page 50 instrument concept to achieve required sensitivity and spectral resolution. A comparative analysis of the various instrumental concepts is currently in progress. 1.2.17 HST and FUSE GO Programs Dr. Hamaguchi, and colleagues, published a paper of the late A-type star HD 169142 using the HST and ground based observations (This is one of the paper in Sec. 1.2.8.1). They need more samples of late A-type stars to understand their evolution of their environment and X-ray activity. 1.2.18 Reduction and Data Analysis of Fabry Perot Data No funded activities, at present. 1.2.19 Space-based Imaging Studies of Cosmic Shear No funded activities, at present. 1.2.20 Cosmic Microwave Background Observations Dr. Dale Fixsen’s activities/developments of the past year are well summarized by the papers that were produced. Much additional work was done on ASP (A satellite program to look at the polarization of the CMB) and on the Harness radiator for JWST. He published a paper: “PAPPA: Primordial Anisotropy Polarization Pathfinder Array”, A Kogut, DT Chuss, DJ Fixsen, GF Hinshaw, M Limon, SH Moseley, N Phillips, E Sharp, EJ Wollack, K U-Yen, N Cao, T Stevenson, W Hsieh, M Devlin, S Dicker, C Semisch, K Irwin, Proceedings (2006) (2007) A second paperwas also published: “Optical performance of Frequency Selective Bolometers”, T Perera, TP Downs, SS Meyer, TM Crawford, ES Cheng, TC Chen, DA Cottingham, EH Sharp, RF Silverberg, FM Finkbeiner, DJ Fixsen, DW Logan, GW Wilson, Applied Optics, V45 #29: 7643 (2006) 1.2.21 Advanced Microwave Instrumentation Dr. Fixsen published a paper: “Frequency Selective Bolometers- Progress and Projections”, GW Wilson, TC Chen, DA Cottingham, TM Crawford, T Downs, FM Finkbeiner, DJ Fixsen, DW Logan, S Meyer, T Perera, EH Sharp, RF Silverberg, Proceedings (2006) A second paper was published on this topic: “Radiometric-Waveguide Calibrators”, EJ Wollack, DJ Fixsen, A Kogut, M Limon, P Mirel, J Singal, IEEE Transactions on Instrument and Measurement, V 56 #5:2073 (2007) 1.2.22 Cosmic Microwave Background Data Analysis Dr. Johannes Staguhn’s major efforts were dedicated to the assembly, system integration, and characterization of the 2 millimeter bolometer camera GISMO. By the Page 51 end of FY’07 the instrument was ready for shipment to the IRAM 30-m telescope for astronomical observations and instrument characterization under real field conditions. Dr. Staguhn also represented the SAFIRE team and several science and instrument review meetings. Further accomplishments: Support in development of SAFIRE Statement of Work and completion schedule. Dr. Staguhn also initiated purchase of broadband digital FFT spectrometer for wideband warm electronics readout system of frequency domain multiplexed detector systems, and participated in first setup and tests of the readout system. A possible collaboration with NIST/Boulder and Caltech to make this architecture available was recently discussed with those groups. He was co-investigator on a Letter of Intend for kilopixel bolometer camera submitted to IRAM, France. During the report period a NSF ATI proposal for the support of science operations for GISMO was submitted and granted (NSF ATI grant 0705185) titled "Observing the High Redshift Universe with a TES-based 2mm Bolometer Camera at the IRAM 30 m Telescope". The request was for $535K over 3 years. This will fund observations with the GISMO camera, which was developed for the first time in October at the IRAM 30m telescope on Pico Veleta in Spain. Staguhn was also Co-I on a number of NASA APRA proposals, two of which will probably receive funding (currently “pre-selected”) and one of which has not been decided on, yet. Staguhn is Co-I on one Herschel observing proposal. Dr. Nicholas Phillips used existing end-to-end simulation code to help the (now defunct) PAPPA team resolve design issues concerning allowable levels of ellipticity in the beams. One of the main projects: the end-to-end polarization pipeline has provided assistance for the upcoming SMEX mission proposal for ASP, the Absolute Spectrum Polarimeter. Dr Phillips has extended the pointing code to allow the interpolation of coarsely described orbits. The step size of the interpolation is variable, even within a single simulation. Different sampling schedules can be compared. The results of these interpolations become the inputs to simulations to study the effects of different systematics on the end science results. Effects include pointing noise, beam alignment, gain mismatches and noise levels. Different detector and beam arrangements have also been studied. This has been work done primarily to support efforts by Dr Kogut. Along the way to carry out these simulations for ASP, work was done on the analysis code for the simulated data. Both pixel space and harmonic space methods have been developed. The harmonic space methods will also contribute to developing algorithms for separation of the polarization signal into Divergence and Curl, or Electric and Magnetic, modes. In collaboration with Dr Hinshaw, Dr Phillips has studied methods for foreground identification and removal. These efforts will provide guidance for the ideal placement of observing channels for Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization observing missions. When modeling known foregrounds, error analysis has provided a metric for comparing the relative merits of different numbers and placements of the observing channels. The Page 52 computational cost of such a comparison is small enough to allow Monte Carlo searches for ideal placements. At the same time, the techniques of Principle Component Analysis are being used to develop methods for foreground subtraction that do no depend on a priori models of the foregrounds, or even knowledge of the number of foregrounds. Once these methods are more maturely developed, how they depend on the number and placement of observing channels can be utilized to guide mission design studies. Also in this research area, Dr. Fixsen published a paper: “Compact Radiometric Microwave Calibrator”, DJ Fixsen, EJ Wollack, A Kogut, M Limon, P Mirel, J Singal, SM Fixsen, Review of Scientific Instruments, V 77 #6:1 (2006) 1.2.23 Cosmic Microwave Background Research Dr. Fixsen submitted a paper: “Electromagnetic and Thermal Properties of a Conductively Loaded Epoxy”, EJ Wollack, DJ Fixsen, R Henry, A Kogut, M Limon, P Mirel. Accepted: “International Journal of Infrared and millimeter Waves,” to be published in December, 2007: Vol 28 #12 Additional CRESST Research Areas: Dr. Tim Norton continued work on construction and testing of the near infrared (NIR) detector dewar platform including CCD drive electronics and data acquisition system with the engineering CCD (BI- 30-11). This project was completed successfully during this period. The Intevac EB NIR sensor (#7B80) was incorporated and run warm at (293 K) and performance data taken. The sensor was subsequently cooled to 140 K without high voltage applied and evaluated as above. These tests confirmed full functionality. The device was then cooled to 140 K and the electron-bombarding high voltage was applied. These tests revealed that this particular device exhibited extremely low NIR sensitivity. This was confirmed at room temperature operation also. At the time of writing Intevac Inc are to send to GSFC an engineering grade NIR sensor with moderate to good sensitivity thus allowing full characterization of the dark current intrinsic to the InGaAs/InP photoemissive surface. Work has also continued in the design of the second generation Event-Driven Actice Pixel Sensor (EDAPS) for high speed readout of UV sensitive MCP based photon counting imaging detectors. The primary limitation of the first generation device ie the in-pixel comparator hysteresis effects and subsequent system DQE loss have been fully modeled by JPL and reviewed by GSFC. A new comparator design has been developed which eliminates these effects and its functionality also fully modeled. Work continues on the complete design of the new generation sensor aimed at a device fabrication run in late 2007. Page 53 Dr. Norton’s primary accomplishments during this year, in the area of Near Infra-Red Photon counting detector development, was completing construction of the LN2 dewar based NIR sensor evaluation system, incorporating sensor temperature control, CCD drive electronics and HV feedthrough. In the area of UV detector development (EventDriven Active Pixel readout sensor), Dr. Norton progressed with the design of a second generation EDAPs array - incorporating improved in-pixel comparator function and fullframe readout facility. Proposal & Grant Activity CRESST PI Proposals Awarded: 1. "Observing the High Redshift Universe with a TES-based 2mm Bolometer Camera at the IRAM 30 m Telescope". NSF ATI proposal for the support of science operations for GISMO (PI Johannes Staguhn, 665), Submitted and granted (NSF ATI grant 0705185). The request was for $535K over 3 years. A Gamma-ray Burst Photoelectric Polarimeter. Hill, J. PI, 2006 APRA. Approved November 2006. Awarded $265,014 over 2 years. A Gamma-ray Burst Polarimeter: An Instrument for MidSTAR2 Mission of Opportunity. Hill, J. PI, 2007 APRA Approved August 2007. Awarded $2,654,323 over 5 years. RXTE Cycle 12, "Monitoring the Orbital Stability from Two Eclipsers," Markwardt (PI) , C.B., Swank, J.H. (Code 662), Strohmayer, T. (Code 662), in't Zand, J. (SRON), Boyd, P. (Code 661); 2 Targets of Opportunity,Accepted; no funds. RXTE Cycle 12, "Monitoring and Mapping the Galactic Bulge," Markwardt (PI), C.B., Swank, J.H. (Code 662), Levine, A. (MIT), in't Zand, J. (SRON), Marshal, F.E. (Code 663), Strohmayer, T. (Code 662), Klein-Wolt, M. (U. Amsterdam); 6 Targets and 1.6 Megaseconds; Accepted, no funds. RXTE Cycle 12, "Accreting Pulsars Among the Galactic Bulge Low Mass X-ray Binaries," C.B. Markwardt (PI), Swank, J.H. (Code 662), Strohmayer, T. (Code 662), in't Zand, J. (SRON), van der Klis, M. (U. Amsterdam), R. Wijnands (U. Amsterdam), Klein-Wolt, M. (U. Amsterdam); 2 Targets of Opportunity; Accepted, no funds. RXTE Cycle 12, "The Next Outburst of a Known Galactic Bulge Millisecond Accreting Pulsar," C.B. Markwardt (PI), Swank, J.H. (Code 662), Strohmayer, T. (Code 662), Bhattacharya, S., Klein-Wolt, M. (U. Amsterdam); 3 Targets of Opportunity; Accepted, no funds. Phase Fresnel Lens Development for X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics, Krizmanic J. PI, submitted to NASA AO NNH06ZDA001N-APRA2 in April, 2007; (the proposal was not funded but bridge funding was secured from NASA HQ to sustain efforts until the next APRA proposal cycle). RXTE Cycle 12, “BAT TRIGGERED TARGET OF OPPORTUNITY OBSERVATIONS WITH RXTE, Krimm”, H.A. (PI), Markwardt, C. (CRESST), Skinner, G.(CRESST), Tueller, J. (Code 661), Gehrels, N. (Code 661), Belloni, T. (OAB-Italy), 6 Target of Opportunity observations approved, Overall grade 3.88 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Page 54 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. XMM AO-5, "The Power in the Ring: Timing and Spectroscopy of the Central Engine in the DA 495 Pulsar Wind Nebula", Arzoumanian, Z., Petre, R. (code 662); [1 target observed], awarded $44,000. NRAO GBT, "A Young Pulsar Candidate in G76.1+1.0", Arzoumanian, Z., Ransom, S.; [1 target], awarded $0. NSF proposal, "Probing Extreme Physics Through Analysis of Neutron Star Surface Emission", Bhattacharyya, S. (code 662), Miller, M.C. (UMD), Strohmayer, T.E. (code 662); Awarded $156,607 (for the first year of the total three year funding). RXTE AO-12, "Probing The Neutron Star Spin and X-ray Emitting Components of XB 1254-690", Bhattacharyya, S., Strohmayer, T.E., Swank, J.H. (code 662); [XB 1254-690]. "High Spectral Resolution, High Cadence, Imaging X-ray Microcalorimeters for Solar Physics" Bandler, S. PI, submitted to the Heliophysics Division’s Solar & Heliospheric Physics Supporting Research and Technology (SR&T) and Low Cost Access to Space (LCAS) Program. (This proposal has recently been selected for funding, although the amount of funding is not yet known. The proposal was for approximately $200k for each of the next 3 years.) NASA ADP project 06-ADP06-65 ``Towards an Archeology of Elliptical Galaxies,'' Loewenstein, M.; awarded amount: $240,831 for 2007-2009 ($53,093 for FY 2007, $80,277 for FY 2008, $107,461 for FY 2009). XMM-Newton Cycle 6 GO proposal 50216, ``High Resolution Spectroscopy of Elliptical Galaxies,'' Loewenstein, M., Davis, D. S. (Code 662/UMBC/CRESST), Mushotzky, R. F. (Code 662), Figueroa, E. (MIT), Scharf, C. (Columbia); [1 B target], awarded amount: $83,543. Suzaku Cycle 2 GO Proposal 21405, ``Constraining Warm Dark Matter with Suzaku Observations of Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies,'' Loewenstein, M. ,Kusenko, A., Biermann, P. L.; [2 A targets] requested amount: $38,956.34. Chandra Cycle 9 GO Proposal 09620585, ``First X-ray Observation of the Unique Starburst Galaxy NGC 7673,'' Loewenstein, M.; [1 target], requested amount: $46177.00. XMM-Newton AO-6, "The Mystery of the HArd X-ray Bright CV TW Pictoris," Mukai, K., Norton, A. (Open University), de Martino, D. (INAF Capodimonte Observatory) [1 C target] XMM-Newton AO-6, "The Hard X-ray Bright Magnetic CV IGR J14536-5522 =Swift J1453.4-5524," Mukai, K., Still, M. (SAAO), Potter, S. (SAAO), Markwardt, C. (Code 661), Tueller, J. (Code 661) [1 C target] Suzaku Cycle 2, "Building an Unbiased X-ray Luminosity Function of Dwarf Novae: a Parallax Selected Sample", Mukai, K., Thorstensen, J. (Dartmouht) [4 C targets] RXTE Cycle 12: "Long-term Monitoring of Hard X-ray Bright Symbiotics," Mukai, K., Sokoloski, J. (Columbia), Luna, G.J.M. (Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico da USP), Kennea, J. (PSU) [2 targets] Chandra Cycle 9: "The Nature of the Soft Component in the Symbiotic Star, CH Cygni," Mukai, K., Sokoloski, J. (Columbia), Luna, G.J.M. (Instituto Astronomico e Geofisico da USP), Kennea, J. (PSU), Wheatley, P.J. (Univ. Page 55 24. 25. 26. Warwick), Kallman, T. (Code 662), Corcoran, M. (Code 662) [1 TOO target], stage 2 proposal pending. CHANDRA AO9 "Shock Dynamics in Eta Carinae Approaching the 2009 Periastron Passage: A Twisted Tail", Corcoran, M. PI, Hamaguchi (CRESST), Pollock, Pittard, Henley, Okazaki, Owocki, Hillier, Smith, Gull (GSFC), Nielsen (CUA), Damineli, Petre (GSFC), Ishibashi. 1 Target. Amount requested $46000 RXTE AO12 "The Third Periastron Passage of Eta Car", Corcoran, M. PI, Hamaguchi (CRESST), Ishibashi, Swank (GSFC), Damineli, Petre (GSFC), Nielsen (CUA), Gull (GSFC), Moffat, Pollock, Henley. 1 target. No funding available. Corbet. R.: PI on 2 successful RXTE proposals CRESST Proposals Awarded as Co-Investigators: Opportunity Swift: Chandra: XTE: VLA: Spitzer: APRA: Suzaku: HST AO16: Sounding Rocket Program: IDEAS 2006: CRESST Proposals Submitted: Opportunity Chandra: XMM: VLA: Spitzer: APRA: Solar and Heliospheric Physics: GLAST: Integral AO-5: PIDDP: LASER: Suzaku: RXTE AO-12: NRO DII: Radio telescopes: VLT: GTB: Co-I Proposals 10 12 4 5 16 1 2 4 1 1 7 6 1 5 1 1 PI Proposals 2 4 2 2 5 3 1 # Awarded 5 5 11 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Page 56 ADP 07 Miscellaneous: Education Proposals: • • • • 12 1 4 • • • • "Cosmic Times: Inquiring into the Nature of Science through Dark Energy", IDEAS 2006, $46,483; Lochner, J. Co-I "Student Hera: Briniging NASA Astrophysics Data and Analysis into the Classroom", PI - Dr. Timothy Kallman (NASA/GSFC), EPO-CO-I, Lochner, J. $48,600 Chandra EPO supplement grant “Refining the Beyond Einstein Explorers’ Program” (PI: Chris Reynolds (UMd); EPO PI: Anita Krishnamurthi (CRESST/UMd/GSFC); Awarded $14,994) Suzaku EPO supplement grant “The Beyond Einstein Science Study Institute (BESSI)” (PI: Jean Cottam (Code 662); Co-Is: Peter Serlemitsos, Randall Smith, Koji Mukai (Code 662); EPO PI: Anita Krishnamurthi (CRESST/UMd/GSFC)); Awarded $42, 874) ROSES EPO supplement grant “Taking Girl Scouts Beyond Einstein with Big Explosions and Strong Gravity” (PI: Ann Horschemeier (Code 662); Co-Is: Tod Strohmayer, Michael Lowenstein (Code 662); EPO PI: Anita Krishnamurthi (CRESST/UMd/GSFC)); Awarded $119,743) “NASA Family Science Nights: Changing Perceptions One Family at a Time” (PI: Emilie Drobnes (ADNET/Code 671); Co-Is: Sara Mitchell (SP Systems/Code 660.1) and Anita Krishnamurthi (CRESST/UMd/GSFC)) Submitted “Families of Scientists: Exploring the Universe” (PI: Jake Noel-Storr (Rochester Institute of Technology)) EPO PI: Anita Krishnamurthi “From Out-of-School to Outer Space: Exploring the Solar System with NASA” (PI: Leslie Lowes (JPL)) EPO PI: Anita Krishnamurthi Page 57 SPECIAL PROJECTS: In addition to the science tasks there are a number of other programs within CRESST that support visiting scientists, scientific meetings, colloquia, programmatic meetings, sabbaticals, visits for scientific discussions, etc. In addition, we support Goddard in the issuing of grants for guest investigator programs managed by GSFC. In the past year these have included an NRA for the U.S. scientists selected for XMM observations and for INTEGRAL observations. Within CRESST USRA has more than 35 years experience in working with universities and research laboratories to arrange for both short and long term scientific visits. Visitors and Consulting: During the first year of CRESST the program has supported 54 consultants and 124 instances of scientific travel. Details are given in the Table below: Month/ Year Oct 06 Number of Travel Only 7 Average Days 6 Number of Travel & Consulting or Honorarium 2 Average Days 3 Number of only Consulting or Honorarium 4/ Note: also consulting extension of 578 days 1 0 0 6 1 0 2 15 5 0 36 Average Days 350 Nov 06 Dec 06 Jan 07 Feb 07 Mar 07 April 07 Jun 07 Jul 07 Aug 07 Sep 07 Totals 12 5 8 21 8 13 14 3 4 13 124 31 14 9 6 6 7 10 8 10 3 11 1 1 1 1 4 3 3 0 0 0 18 1 2 2 4 3 11 361 0 0 0 37 1050 0 0 318 1096 0 31 314 251 0 332 Meetings Organized Through CRESST: CRESST also supplied support for the following meetings and telecons over the past year: October 3-7, 2006 – HEAD Meeting, San Francisco November 16-18, 2006 – GLAST User’s Committee Meeting, GSFC Page 58 December 18-20, 2006 – Con-X FST Meeting, GSFC January 17, 2007 – GLAST First International Science Symposium, GSFC February 2, 2007 – GLAST SWG Meeting, Stanford February 4, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, Stanford February 5-8, 2007 – GLAST Symposium, Stanford March 26-30, 2007 – GLAST LAT Collaboration Meeting, GSFC April 23-24, 2007 – GLAST VLBI, GSFC April 30, 2007 – XMM-Newton User’s Committee Meeting, GSFC May 3, 2007 – Suzaku User’s Committee, GSFC June 4-5, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, GSFC June 18, 2007 – NSN Testing, (for J. Lochner), GSFC July 23-27, 2007 – BETA – Teacher’s Workshop, GSFC August 23, 2007 – GLAST Workshop, GSFC September 14, 2007 – EXCON-2 Meeting, GSFC September 17-18, 2007 – GLAST User’s Group, GSFC For the January GLAST Science Symposium, support was provided for the production of the Proceedings. CRESST personnel gathered the papers, prepared the table of contents, attendee list, dividers, and labels to be sent to the AIP. Other Special Program activities: As a new task, CRESST has been asked to establish and maintain a GLAST Fellows Program. The Program provides an opportunity for highly qualified and creative postdoctoral scientists to conduct independent research that is broadly related to the goals of GLAST. This research can include GLAST data analysis as well as related theory and studies of gamma-ray discrete and extended sources with space-based or ground-based observations at gamma-ray or at other wavelengths. The Fellowship provides support for up to three years at an annual stipend of approximately $56,000, and some allowance for travel and other research costs. It is anticipated that up to 3 GLAST fellowships will be awarded annually. Awards will be made to support each GLAST fellow through a U.S. host institution designated by the fellow. An announcement has been developed and placed on the CRESST we site. Links have been established from all relevant web sites have an announcement has been sent on a number of different relevant email lists. The due date for proposals in response to the first Announcement is December 7, 2007. CRESST will organize an annual Fellows symposium to allow each fellow to present results from their work and to establish connections between Fellows with common interests. Other miscellaneous activities include: • Prepared funding packets for XMM-Newton, INTEGRAL and Susaku; input them into the GSFC accounting system and send to the NSSC. Also involved in receiving and preparing the packets for review. The total funding for the 307 grants was $7,167,011. Prepared invitational travel for the Friday Scientific Colloquium speakers. • Page 59 • • Badging is another activity in Special Programs. All CRESST employees were rebadged at Goddard for CRESST and are being re-badged again in the coming months as the requirements of HSPD-12 are implemented. Badging continues on an on-going basis. Finally CRESST has handled 4 cases of visa and green card applications for CRESST scientists. Page 60 EPO ACTIVITIES: Dr. Anita Krishnamurthi has undertaken several efforts to expand the EPO program in the division. She initiated annual EPO “expos” to discuss all the ongoing EPO efforts and identify opportunities for participation from scientists in the division. She initiated a new series of podcasts highlighting ASD science that have been very well received. She led the development of a display at the Goddard Visitor Center describing the research conducted in ASD. Dr. Krishnamurthi continued her work on leading the development of the JWST public website. She also completed the pilot for a JWST-sponsored exoplanet EPO project called “Worlds Beyond”. This was conducted in collaboration with the National Space Society and the Goddard Visitor Center. Dr. Krishnamurthi also led a major refinement of the Beyond Einstein website. She struck up a collaboration with the Smithsonian Resident Associates Program to hold a lecture series on Beyond Einstein science in 2006-2007. She expanded the pilot of the after-school program for middleschools, the Beyond Einstein Explorers’ Program (BEEP), from inner-city Washington to the rest of the country. She has also initiated a program for high-school physics teachers known as the Beyond Einstein Teachers’ Academy (BETA) to bring Beyond Einstein science content to high school physics classrooms. A summary of major accomplishments for the year includes: • • • • • • • • • • • • Initiated annual EPO “expos” to highlight the EPO efforts in the division Initiated ASD podcast series “Blueshift” Led development of display on ASD science at the GSFC Visitors’ Center Initiated a lecture series on Beyond Einstein science in collaboration with the Smithsonian Resident Associates Program Organized a session at the Fall 2006 HEAD meeting on Beyond Einstein science Refined the Beyond Einstein Explorers’ Program (BEEP), an out-of-school-time program for middle schoolers, and expanded the program from a pilot in Washington, DC to testing it across the country. Initiated the Beyond Einstein Teachers’ Academy (BETA), a year-long program for local area high school physics teachers. Led team to complete a major upgrade on the Beyond Einstein website and to produce write-ups on Beyond Einstein science and missions Wrote and delivered the Beyond Einstein program-level EPO plan JWST website has undergone major upgrades and refinements in the past year. Wrote article on JWST for the Imagine the Universe! website Worlds Beyond EPO effort pilot completed and exhibit installed at GSFC Visitors Center. Worlds Beyond is an educational art project that teaches middle school students about the search for extra-solar planets. It is intended to be an out-of-school time program and was run as a collaboration between the JWST EPO effort, the National Space Society, and the GSFC Visitors Center. Worked with Swales Corporation on development of a paper model of JWST • Dr. James Lochner leads the E/PO program for HEASARC and for Suzaku. For the HEASARC E/PO program, Dr. James Lochner published the 11th Edition of the Page 61 "Imagine the Universe!" CD-ROM which also includes the ASD education web sites for StarChild, Cosmicopia, and the 2006 pages for the Astronomy Picture of the Day. They printed 20,000 copies of this 2-CD set in Feb, and by Sept 30, 2007 had distributed 12,000 copies. Dr. Lochner continued the development of the Cosmic Times education project. This project traces our understanding of the nature of the universe over the past 100 years. It will take the form of 6 posters resembling the front page of a newspaper from 6 different eras. Dr. Lochner is working with a freelance writer to write the articles, and with a team of teachers recruited by Dr. Grace Cisek of the Perkiomen Valley School District in Pennsylvania for the development of classroom activities. Dr. Allyson Walker (Cornerstone Evaluation Assoc.) is supervising and coordinating evaluation of the activities with an outside group of teachers (who work with NASA's THEMIS E/PO program). The project is about half completed, with completion of the articles and lessons for each of the posters expected by summer 2008. Dr. Lochner also initiated development of a spectroscopy module for Student Hera. He had initiated Student Hera in 2002 to allow students to analyze data in the HEASARC archives. A series of web pages guides students through the science background and the data analysis. In collaboration with Dr. Timothy Kallman (NASA/GSFC) and Anne Arundel County Public Schools, he is now developing a third module on spectral analysis. AACPS provided a teacher to work with Dr. Kallman to learn the analysis, and with Dr. Lochner to develop the lesson for guiding the students through the analysis. Dr. Lochner and the Suzaku E/PO team have continued working with the Astronomical Society of the Pacific and Sonoma State University on the development of a toolkit for ASP's Night Sky Network (NSN). This toolkit will be used by the 200 amateur astronomy clubs that are part of NSN. The themes of the toolkit are supernovae and gamma ray bursts. Dr. Lochner and the team have provided feedback on draft versions of the toolkit, and have provided scientific oversight. During the course of the year, Dr. Lochner has presented 13 professional development workshops to 250 teachers, providing training on use of the HEASARC and Suzaku educational materials. He also helped organize and facilitate the Beyond Einstein Teachers Academy for high school physics teachers in summer 2007. A summary of major accomplishments for the year includes: • • • • • Published the 11th edition of the Imagine the Universe! CD Continued development of the Cosmic Times education project Initiated development of a spectroscopy module for Student Hera Development of a toolkit for ASP's Night Sky Network Presented 13 professional development workshops to 250 teachers Page 62 YEAR ONE PUBLICATIONS: Papers Submitted to and Published in Refereed Journals: 1. “Accurate early positions for Swift GRBS: enhancing X-ray positions with UVOT astrometry;” Goad, M. R.; Tyler, L. G.; Beardmore, A. P.; Evans, P. A.; Rosen, S. R.; Osborne, J. P.; Starling, R. L. C.; Marshall, F. E.; Yershov, V.; Burrows, D. N.; Gehrels, N.; Roming, P.; Moretti, A.; Capalbi, M.; Hill, J. E.; Kennea, J.; Koch, S.; and Vanden Berk, D.; ArXiv eprints Vol 708 P. (Submitted to A&A). “A mid-infrared survey of the inner 2 × 1.5 degrees of the Galaxy with Spitzer/IRAC;” Stolovy, S.; Ramirez, S.; Arendt, R. G.; Cotera, A.; Yusef-Zadeh, F.; Law, C.; Gezari, D.; Sellgren, K.; Karr, J.; Moseley, H.; Smith, H. A.; 12/2006; JPhCS..54..176S “A new γ-ray burst classification scheme from GRB060614;” Gehrels, N.; Norris, J. P.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Granot, J.; Kaneko, Y.; Kouveliotou, C.; Markwardt, C. B.; Mészáros, P.; Nakar, E.; Nousek, J. A.; and 10 coauthors; 12/2006, 2006Natur.444.1044G. “A precessing accretion disc in the intermediate polar XY Arietis?” Norton, A. J.; Mukai, K.; 9/2007, 2007A&A...472..225N. “A probable accretion-powered X-ray pulsar in IGR J00370+6122;” in't Zand, J. J. M.; Kuiper, L.; den Hartog, P. R.; Hermsen, W.; Corbet, R. H. D.; 7/2007, 2007A&A...469.1063I. “AEGIS: Chandra Observation of DEEP2 Galaxy Groups and Clusters;” Fang, Taotao; Gerke, Brian F.; Davis, David S.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Davis, Marc; Nandra, Kirpal; Laird, Elise S.; Koo, David C.; Coil, Alison L.; Cooper, Michael C.; and 2 coauthors; 5/2007, 2007ApJ...660L..27F. “An Apparent Hard X-Ray Decline of CH Cygni;” Mukai, Koji; Ishida, Manabu; Kilbourne, Caroline; Mori, Hideyuki; Terada, Yukikatsu; Chan, Kai-Wing; Soong, Yang; 1/2007, 2007PASJ...59S.177M. “An Unusual Precursor Burst with Oscillations from SAX J1808.4-3658;” Bhattacharyya, Sudip; Strohmayer, Tod E.; 02/2007; ApJ...656..414B. “Anatomy of a dark burst - the afterglow of GRB 060108;” Oates, S. R.; Mundell, C. G.; Piranomonte, S.; Page, K. L.; de Pasquale, M.; Monfardini, A.; Melandri, A.; Zane, S.; Guidorzi, C.; Malesani, D.; Krimm, H. A.; and 13 coauthors; 10/2006, 2006MNRAS.372..327O. “Application of the Hilbert-Huang transform to the search for gravitational waves;” Camp, Jordan B.; Cannizzo, John K.; Numata, Kenji; 3/2007; 2007PhRvD..75f1101C. “ARCADE: Absolute radiometer for cosmology, astrophysics, and diffuse emission;” Kogut, A.; Fixsen, D.; Fixsen, S.; Levin, S.; Limon, M.; Lowe, L.; Mirel, P.; Seiffert, M.; Singal, J.; Lubin, P.; Wollack, E.; 12/2006, 2006NewAR..50..925K; New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 50, Issue 11-12, p. 925-931. “Arecibo and the ALFA Pulsar Survey;” van Leeuwen, J.; Cordes, J. M.; Lorimer, D. R.; Freire, P. C. C.; Camilo, F.; Stairs, I. H.; Nice, D. J.; Champion, D. J.; Ramachandran, R.; Faulkner, A. J.; Arzoumanian, Z.; and 27 coauthors; 12/1/2006; ChJAS...6b.311V. “Atomic data from the IRON project. LXIII. Electron-impact excitation of Fe19+ up to n = 4;” Witthoeft, M. C.; Del Zanna, G.; Badnell, N. R.; 5/2007 2007A&A...466..763W. “Barred CO emission in HE 1029-1831;” Krips, M.; Eckart, A.; Neri, R.; Bertram, T.; Straubmeier, C.; Fischer, S.; Staguhn, J. G.; Vogel, S. N.; 3/2007 2007A&A...464..187K. “BAT X-ray Survey - III: X-ray Spectra and Statistical Properties;” Ajello, M.; Rau, A.; Greiner, J.; Kanbach, G.; Salvato, M.; Strong, A. W.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Gehrels, N.; 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Page 63 Markwardt, C. B.; Tueller, J.; 9/2007, 2007arXiv0709.4333A; accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal. 16. 17. 18. “BESS-Polar experiment: Progress and future prospects;” Yoshimura, K.; et al; 2007; Adv. Space Res., in press. “BESS-Polar II experiment;” Yoshimura, K.; et al; 2007; Proc. 30th Intl. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Merida) in press. “Binary black hole late inspiral: Simulations for gravitational wave observations;” Baker, John G.; McWilliams, Sean T.; van Meter, James R.; Centrella, Joan; Choi, Dae-Il; Kelly, Bernard J.; Koppitz, Michael; 6/2007, 2007PhRvD..75l4024B. “Binary black holes, gravitational waves, and numerical relativity;” Centrella, Joan M.; Baker, John G.; Boggs, William D.; Kelly, Bernard J.; McWilliams, Sean T.; van Meter, James R.; 7/2007 2007JPhCS..78a2010C; Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 78, Issue 1, pp. 012010 (2007). “Bulk Flow Velocity and First-Order Anisotropy of Solar Energetic Particles Observed on the Wind Spacecraft: Overview of Three ``Gradual'' Particle Events;” Tan, Lun C.; Reames, Donald V.; Ng, Chee K.; 6/2007, 2007ApJ...661.1297T. “Chandra Confirmation of a Pulsar Wind Nebula in DA 495;” Arzoumanian, Z.; Safi-Harb, S.; Landecker, T. L.; Kothes, R.; Camilo, F. C.; 2008, ApJ (submitted) “Close-packed arrays of transition-edge x-ray microcalorimeters with high spectral resolution at 6 keV;” Iyomoto, N.; Bandler, S. R.; Brekosky, R. P.; Brown, A.-D.; Chervenak, J. A.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Sadleir, J. E.; Smith, S. J.; Submitted to Applied Physics Letters “CO(1-0) in z >~ 4 Quasar Host Galaxies: No Evidence for Extended Molecular Gas Reservoirs;” Riechers, Dominik A.; Walter, Fabian; Carilli, Christopher L.; Knudsen, Kirsten K.; Lo, K. Y.; Benford, Dominic J.; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Hunter, Todd R.; Bertoldi, Frank; Henkel, Christian; and 4 coauthors; 10/2006 2006ApJ...650..604R. “Compact Radiometric Microwave Calibrator;” Fixsen, D. J.; Wollack, E. J.; Kogut, A.; Limon, M.; Mirel, P.; Singal, J.; Fixsen, S. M.; Review of Scientific Instruments, V 77 #6:1 (2006). “Comparison of Spitzer/IRAC Galactic Center 3.6-8.0 μum survey results with X-ray emission in the central 40 × 40 parsecs;” Gezari, D. Y.; Arendt, R. G.; Smith, R.; Stolovy, S.; YusefZadeh, F.; Law, C.; Smith, H. A.; Moseley, H.; Ramirez, S.; Karr, J.; and 2 coauthors; 12/2006; JPhCS..54..171G. “Consistency of post-Newtonian waveforms with numerical relativity;” Baker, John G.; van Meter, James R.; McWilliams, Sean T.; Centrella, Joan; Kelly, Bernard J.; Phys. Rev. Lett. vol. 99, 181101 (2007) “Correlation between X-Ray Light-Curve Shape and Radio Arrival Time in the Vela Pulsar;” Lommen, A.; Donovan, J.; Gwinn, C.; Arzoumanian, Z.; Harding, A.; Strickman, M.; Dodson, R.; McCulloch, P.; Moffett, D.; 3/1/2007; 2007ApJ...657..436L. “Correlations between X-Ray Spectral and Timing Characteristics in Cygnus X-2;” Titarchuk,Lev; Kuznetsov,Sergey; Shaposhnikov,Nickolai; 9/2007 2007ApJ...667..404T. “The Cosmic Horseshoe: Discovery of an Einstein Ring around a Giant Luminous Red Galaxy;” Belokurov, V.; Evans, N. W.; Moiseev, A.; King, L. J.; Hewett, P. C.; Pettini, M.; Wyrzykowski, L.; McMahon, R. G.; Gilmore, G.; Sanchez, S. F.; and 4 coauthors; 6/2007, 2007arXiv0706.2326B; Submitted to ApJ (Letters) “The Dark Side of ROTSE-III Prompt GRB Observations;” Yost, S. A.; Aharonian, F.; Akerlof, C. W.; Ashley, M. C. B.; Barthelmy, S.; Gehrels, N.; Gogus, E.; Guver, T.; Horns, D.; Kiziloglu, U.; Krimm, H. A.; and 15 coauthors; 7/2007, 2007arXiv0707.3132Y; ApJ accepted. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. Page 64 31. “Demonstrating the Negligible Contribution of Optical HST ACS Galaxies to Sourcesubtracted Cosmic Infrared Background Fluctuations in Deep Spitzer IRAC Images;” Kashlinsky, A.; Arendt, R. G.; Mather, J.; Moseley, S. H.; 09/2007; ApJ...666L...1K. “Detection of GRB 060927 at z = 5.47: Implications for the Use of Gamma-Ray Bursts as Probes of the End of the Dark Ages;” Ruiz-Velasco, A. E.; Swan, H.; Troja, E.; Malesani, D.; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Starling, R. L. C.; Xu, D.; Aharonian, F.; Akerlof, C.; Andersen, M. I.; Krimm, H. A.; and 47 coauthors; 6/2007, The Astrophysical Journal, submitted. “Determination of Black Hole Mass in Cygnus X-1 by Scaling of Spectral Index-QPO Frequency Correlation;” Shaposhnikov, Nickolai; Titarchuk, Lev; 7/2007 2007ApJ...663..445S. “Determination of the Far-Infrared Cosmic Background Using COBE DIRBE and WHAM Data;” Odegard, N.; Arendt, R. G.; Dwek, E.; Haffner, L. M.; Hauser, M. G.; Reynolds, R. J.; 09/2007; ApJ...667...11O. “Direct measurement of the transverse wakefields of tapered collimators;” Tenenbaum, P.; Bane, K. L. F.; Eriksson, L.; Irwin, J.; Jobe, R. K.; McCormick, D.; Ng, C. K.; Raubenheimer, T. O.; Ross, M. 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A. ; and 9 coauthors; 3/2007, 2007ApJ...657..359S. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. Page 70 118. “Swift multi-wavelength observations of the bright flaring burst GRB 051117A;” Goad, M. R.; Page, K. L.; Godet, O.; Beardmore, A.; Osborne, J. P.; O'Brien, P. T.; Starling, R.; Holland, S.; Band, D.; Falcone, A.; and 6 coauthors; 6/2007, 2007A&A...468..103G. “Swift observations of GRB 050904: the most distant cosmic explosion ever observed;” Cusumano, G.; Mangano, V.; Chincarini, G.; Panaitescu, A.; Burrows, D. N.; La Parola, V.; Sakamoto, T.; Campana, S.; Mineo, T.; Tagliaferri, G.; Immler, S.; and 23 coauthors; 1/2007, 2007A&A...462...73C. “Swift observations of GRB 060614: an anomalous burst with a well behaved afterglow;” Mangano, V.; Holland, S. T.; Malesani, D.; Troja, E.; Chincarini, G.; Zhang, B.; La Parola, V.; Brown, P. J.; Burrows, D. N.; Campana, S.; and 15 coauthors; 7/2007, 2007A&A...470..105M. “Swift Observations of GRB 070110: An Extraordinary X-Ray Afterglow Powered by the Central Engine;” Troja, E.; Cusumano, G.; O'Brien, P. T.; Zhang, B.; Sbarufatti, B.; Mangano, V.; Willingale, R.; Chincarini, G.; Osborne, J. P.; Marshall, F. E.; Burrows, D. N.; Campana, S.; Gehrels, N.; Guidorzi, C.; Krimm, H. A.; La Parola, V.; Liang, E. W.; Mineo, T.; Moretti, A.; Page, K. L.; Romano, P.; Tagliaferri, G.; Zhang, B. B.; Page, M. J.; Schady, P.; 8/2007, 2007ApJ...665..599T. “Swift XRT Observations of the Afterglow of XRF 050416A;” Mangano, Vanessa; La Parola, Valentina; Cusumano, Giancarlo; Mineo, Teresa; Malesani, Daniele; Dyks, Jaroslaw; Campana, Sergio; Capalbi, Milvia; Chincarini, Guido; Giommi, Paolo; Holland, S.T.; and 13 coauthors; 1/2007, 2007ApJ...654..403M. “The ACT vision mission study simulation effort;” Wunderer, Cornelia B.; Kippen, R. M.; Bloser, P. F.; Boggs, S. E.; McConnell, M. L.; Harris, M.; Hoover, A.; Klimenko, A. V.; Novikova, E. I.; Oberlack, U.; Sturner, S. J.; and 4 coauthors; 10/2006 2006NewAR..50..608W. “The Anti-Coincidence Detector for the GLAST Large Area Telescope;” Moiseev, A. A.; Hartman, R. C.; Ormes, J. F.; et al; Astroparticle Physics, 27 (2007), 339-358. “The BESS Program;” Yamamoto, A.; Abe, K.; Fuke, H.; Haino, S.; Hams, T.; Kim, K.; Lee, M. H.; Makida, Y.; Matsuda, S.; Mitchell, J. W.; Sasaki, M.; Moiseev, A. A.; and 18 coauthors; 4/2007 2007NuPhS.166...62Y; Nuclear Physics B Proceedings Supplements, Volume 166, p. 62-67. “The Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature and Galactic Emission at 8.0 and 8.3 GHz;” Singal, J.; Fixsen, D. J.; Kogut, A.; Levin, S.; Limon, M.; Lubin, P.; Mirel, P.; Seiffert, M.; Wollack, E. J.; 12/2006, 2006ApJ...653..835S. “The Disk and Environment of a Young Vega Analog: HD 169142;” Grady, C. A.; Schneider, G.; Hamaguchi, K.; Sitko, M. L.; Carpenter, W. J.; Hines, D.; Collins, K. A.; Williger, G. M.; Woodgate, B. E.; Henning, Th.; and 8 coauthors; 8/2007, 2007ApJ...665.1391G. “The ECLAIRs micro-satellite mission for gamma-ray burst multi-wavelength observations;” Schanne, S.; Atteia, J.-L.; Barret, D.; Basa, S.; Boer, M.; Casse, F.; Cordier, B.; Daigne, F.; Klotz, A.; Limousin, O.; Skinner, G.; and 10 coauthors; 11/2006 2006NIMPA.567..327S. “The exceptionally extended flaring activity in the X-ray afterglow of GRB 050730 observed with Swift and XMM-Newton;” Perri, M.; Guetta, D.; Antonelli, L. A.; Cucchiara, A.; Mangano, V.; Reeves, J.; Angelini, L.; Beardmore, A. P.; Boyd, P.; Burrows, D. N.; Campana, S.; Capalbi, M.; Chincarini, G.; Cusumano, G.; Giommi, P.; Hill, J. E.; Holland, S. T.; La Parola, V.; Mineo, T.; Moretti, A.; Nousek, J. A.; Osborne, J. P.; Pagani, C.; Romano, P.; Roming, P. W. A.; Starling, R. L. 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R.; Godet, O.; Hill, J.E.; and 4 coauthors; 2/2007, 2007MNRAS.374.1473B. “The Symbiotic System SS73 17 Seen with Suzaku;” Smith, Randall K.; Mushotzky, Richard; Mukai, Koji; Kallman, Tim; Markwardt, Craig B.; Tueller, Jack; 8/2007, 2007arXiv0708.3833S; accepted by PASJ for 2nd Suzaku Special Issue. “The X-ray jet and lobes of PKS 1354+195 (=4C 19.44);” Schwartz, D. A.; Harris, D. E.; Landt, H.; Siemiginowska, A.; Marshall, H. L.; Gelbord, J. M.; Perlman, E. S.; Georganopoulos, M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Worrall, D. 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Page 72 146. 147. “Tip Velocities and Radii of Curvature of Pivalic Acid Dendrites under Convection-Free Conditions;” Lacombe, J. C.; Koss, M. B.; Glicksman, M. E.; 1/2007, 2007MMTA...38..116L. “TOPICAL REVIEW: The time-dependent close-coupling method for atomic and molecular collision processes;” Pindzola, M. S.; Robicheaux, F.; Loch, S. D.; Berengut, J. C.; Topcu, T.; Colgan, J.; Foster, M.; Griffin, D. C.; Ballance, C. P.; Schultz, D. R.; Witthoeft, M. C.; and 7 coauthors; 4/2007 2007JPhB...40...39P. “Upper limits on gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars;” Abbott, B.; Abbott, R.; Adhikari, R.; Agresti, J.; Ajith, P.; Allen, B.; Amin, R.; Anderson, S. B.; Anderson, W. G.; Arain, M.; Numata, K.; Cannizzo, J.; McWilliams, S.; and 447 coauthors; 8/2007 2007PhRvD..76d2001A. “Very Early Optical Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts: Evidence for Relative Paucity of Detection;” Roming, Peter W. A.; Schady, Patricia; Fox, Derek B.; Zhang, Bing; Liang, Enwei; Mason, Keith O.; Rol, Evert; Burrows, David N.; Blustin, Alex J.; Boyd, Patricia T.;Holland, S.T.; and 31 coauthors; 12/2006, 2006ApJ...652.1416R. “Wide-band imaging spectrometer with scintillator-deposited charge-coupled device;” Miyata, E.; Anabuki, N.; Mukai, K.; Tawa, N.; Miyauchi, T.; Tsunemi, H.; Miyaguchi, K.; 11/2006, 2006NIMPA.568..149M. “XMM-Newton Archival Study of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Population in Nearby Galaxies;” Winter, Lisa M.; Mushotzky, Richard F.; Reynolds, Christopher S.; 10/2006 2006ApJ...649..730W. “X-ray bright sources in the Chandra Small Magellanic Cloud Wing Survey - detection of two new pulsars;” McGowan, K. E.; Coe, M. J.; Schurch, M.; McBride, V. A.; Galache, J. L.; Edge, W. R. T.; Corbet, R. H. D.; Laycock, S.; Udalski, A.; Buckley, D. A. H.; 4/2007, 2007MNRAS.376..759M. “X-ray Flares in Early GRB Afterglows;” Burrows, D. N., Falcone, A., Chincarini, G.; Morris, D.; Romano, P.; Hill, J. E.; Godet, O.; Moretti, A.; Krimm, H.; Osborne, J. P.; Racusin, J.; Mangano, V.; Page, K.; Perri, M.; and Stroh, M.; ArXiv Astrophysics e-prints Vol P. Accepted for publication in Philosophical Transactions “X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on Board Suzaku;” Koyama, Katsuji; Tsunemi, Hiroshi; Dotani, Tadayasu; Bautz, Mark W.; Hayashida, Kiyoshi; Tsuru, Takeshi Go; Matsumoto, Hironori; Ogawara, Yoshiaki; Ricker, George R.; Doty, John; Hamaguchi, Kenji; and 36 coauthors; 1/2007, 2007PASJ...59S..23K. “X-ray Polarimetry with a micropattern TPC;” Black, K.; Hill, J. E.; et al; NIMA (in press). “X-Ray Spectral Variation of η Carinae through the 2003 X-Ray Minimum;” Hamaguchi, Kenji; Corcoran, Michael F.; Gull, Theodore; Ishibashi, Kazunori; Pittard, Julian M.; Hillier, D. 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R.; Sturner, S.; 7/2007 2007AIPC..921..415S. “A Tale of Two Faint Bursts: GRB 050223 and GRB 050911;” Page, K. L.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Beardmore, A. P.; Burrows, D. N.; Campana, S.; Chincharini, G.; Cummings, J. R.; Cusumano, G.; Gehrels, N.; Giommi, P.; and 16 coauthors, incl. Markwardt, C. B.; 8/2007, 2007AIPC..924..453P. “AAS Committee on Employment Panel Introduction;” Borne, Kirk; Fanelli, M. N.; StorrieLombardi, L. J.; Krishnamurthi, A.; 12/2006, 2006AAS...20912601B. “Absorber Materials for Transition-Edge Sensor X-ray Microcalorimeters;” Brown, Ari-David; Bandler, Simon; Brekosky, Regis; Chervenak, James; Finkbeiner, Fred; Iyomoto, Naoko; Kelley, Richard; Kilbourne, Caroline; Porter, Frederick; Figueroa-Feliciano, Enectali; and 2 coauthors; 03/2007; APS..MARH38006B. “Absorber Materials for Transition-Edge Sensor X-ray Microcalorimeters;” Brown, A.-D.; Bandler, S. R.; Chervenak, J.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Finkbeiner, F.; Iyomoto, N.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C.; Porter, F. S.; Saab, T.; Sadleir, J.; Smith, S. J.; to appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics. “Accurate early positions for Swift GRBS: enhancing X-ray positions with UVOT astrometry;” Goad, M. R.; Tyler, L. G.; Beardmore, A. P.; Evans, P. A.; Rosen, S. R.; Osborne, J. P.; Starling, R. L. C.; Marshall, F. E.; Yershov, V.; Burrows, D. N.; Hill, J.E.; and 8 coauthors; 8/2007, 2007arXiv0708.0986G; submitted to Astronomy and Astrophysics, August 7th 2007. “Advances in Black-Hole Mergers: Spins and Unequal Masses;” Kelly, Bernard; van Meter, James; McWilliams, Sean; Choi, Dae-Il; Centrella, Joan; Darian Boggs, William; Baker, John.; 4/2007, 2007APS..APRH12005K. “Alignment of the Spins of Supermassive Black Holes Prior to Merger;” Reynolds, Christopher S.; Bogdanovic, T.; Miller, C.; 7/2007 2007AAS...21012117R. “An Application of the Hilbert-Huang Transform to the LISA Mock Data Challenge;” Cannizzo, John K.; Camp, J.; 12/2006; 2006AAS...209.7417C. “Anatomy of the binary black hole recoil: A multipolar analysis;” Krimm, H.; Barbier, L.; Barthelmy, S. D.; Cummings, J.; Fenimore, E.; Gehrels, N.; Markwardt, C.; Palmer, D.; Parsons, A.; Sakamoto, T.; and 4 coauthors; 10/2006, 2006ATel..904....1K; submitted to PRD. “An Intriguing Twist in the Broadband Spectrum Of High-frequency Peaked BL Lac Objects In The EGRET Energy Range;” Nandikotkur, Giridhar; Jahoda, K.; Mukherjee, R.; Georganopoulos, M.; 5/2007, 2007AAS...210.0226N. “An Overview of the Mock LISA Data Challenges;” Arnaud, Keith A.; Babak, Stanislav; Baker, John G.; Benacquista, Matthew J.; Cornish, Neil J.; Cutler, Curt; Larson, Shane L.; 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Page 74 Sathyaprakash, B. S.; Vallisneri, Michele; Vecchio, Alberto; Vinet, Jean-Yves; 11/2006; LASER INTERFEROMETER SPACE ANTENNA: 6th International LISA Symposium. AIP Conference Proceedings, Volume 873, pp. 619-624 (2006). 18. “An X-ray Polarimeter for Constellation-X;” Jahoda, K.; Black, K.; Deines-Jones, P.; Hill, J. E.; Kallman, T.; Strohmayer, T.; Swank, J. H.; 1/2007, 2007astro.ph..1090J; white paper submitted to Constellation-X Facility Science Team (Dec 2006). “Applying Numerical Relativity Results to Massive Black Hole Binary Observation;” McWilliams, Sean; 4/2007, 2007APS..APRH12006M. “Astrophysics with the 3-DTI Gamma-Ray Telescope;” Hunter, S. D.; de Nolfo, G. A.; et al; 2007; ICRC (Mexico); OG2.7. “Astrophysics with the 3-DTI Gamma-Ray Telescope;” Hunter, S. D.; Krizmanic, J. F.; et al; 2007; 30th ICRC (Mexico), OG2.7. “BESS-Polar experiment: Progress and future prospects;” Yoshimura, K.; Sasaki, M.; Hams, T.; et al.; 2007, Adv. Space Res., in press. “BESS-Polar II experiment;” Yoshimura, K.; Sasaki, M.; Hams, T.; et al.; 2007, Proc. 30th Intl. Cosmic Ray Conf. (Merida) in press. “Breaking the Enigma of the X-ray Quasar jets with GLAST;” Georganopoulos, Markos; Perlman, Eric S.; Kazanas, Demosthenes; McEnery, Julie; 7/2007, 2007AIPC..921..331G. “Bulk Flow Velocity and First-Order Anisotropy of Solar Energetic Particles Observed on Wind Spacecraft;” Tan, L. C.; Reames, D. V.; Ng, C. K.; 12/2006, 2006AGUFMSH43B1515T. “CALET Mission on the International Space Station;” Torii, S.; et al; 2007; 30th ICRC (Mexico), OG1.5. “Can ^59Ni Synthesized in OB Associations Decay to ^59CO Before Being Accelerated to Cosmic-Ray Energies?” Binns, R.; Israel, M.; Cummings, A.; Leske, R.; Mewaldt, R.; Stone, E.; de Nolfo, G.; von Rosenvinge, T.; Wiedenbeck, M.; 4/2007, 2007APS..APRB11003B. “Can 59Ni Synthesized in OB Associations Decay to 59Co Before Being Accelerated to Cosmic Ray Energies?” Binns, W. R.; de Nolfo, G. A.; et al; 2007; ICRC (Mexico), OG 1.1. “Can GX 340+0 be One More Neutron Star Source With Spectral Index - QPO Frequency Correlation?” Kuznetsov, Sergey; Shaposhnikov, N.; Titarchuk, L.; 5/2007 2007AAS...210.2006K. “Chandra Observations of Abell 222 & Abell 223;” Davis, David S.; Henriksen, M.; 12/2006, 2006AAS...209.7708D; 2007 AAS/AAPT Joint Meeting, American Astronomical Society Meeting 209, #77.08; Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 38, p.998. “Characterizing the superconducting-to-normal transistion in Mo/Au transition-edge sensor bilayers;” Smith, S. J.; Bandler, S. R.; Brown, A.-D.; Chervenak, J. A.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Iyomoto, N.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Sadleir, J.; to appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics. “Co/Ni Ratio Between ~0.8 – 5.0 GeV/nucleon from the TIGER Antarctic Flights;” de Nolfo, G. 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B.; 2007, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 6688, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III, Stephen L. O'Dell; Giovanni Pareschi, Editors, 668802. “Contemporaneous Optical Properties of Gamma-Ray Bursts;” Yost, Sarah; Aharonian, F.; Akerlof, C.; Ashley, M.; Barthelmy, S.; Gehrels, N.; Gogus, E.; Guver, T.; Halpern, J.; Horns, D.; Krimm, H. A.; and 15 coauthors; 12/2006, 2006HEAD....9.1366Y. “Continuing a Chandra Survey of Quasar Jets;” Marshall, Herman L.; Gelbord, J. M.; Schwartz, D. A.; Lovell, J. E.; Murphy, D. W.; Worrall, D. M.; Birkinshaw, M.; Perlman, E. S.; Godfrey, L.; Georganopoulos, M.; Jauncey, D. L.; 5/2007, 2007AAS...21011207M. “Correlations between pulsed X-ray flux and radio arrival time in the Vela pulsar;” Lommen, A. N.; Donovan, J.; Gwinn, C.; Arzoumanian, Z.; Harding, A.; Strickman, M.; Dodson, R.; McCulloch, P.; Moffett, D.; 1/1/2007; 2007astro.ph..1103L; Proceedings of the 363. WE-Heraeus Seminar on: Neutron Stars and Pulsars (Posters and contributed talks) Physikzentrum Bad Honnef, Germany, May.14-19, 2006, eds. W.Becker, H.H.Huang, MPE Report 291, pp.16-19. “Cosmic Ray Electron Science with GLAST;” Ormes, J. F.; Moiseev, Alexander; 7/2007, 2007AIPC..921..494O. “Cosmic Ray Helium Intensities over the Solar Cycle from ACE;” de Nolfo, G. A.; et al.; (2007); ICRC (Mexico), SH.4.3. “Cosmic Ray Mantle Visibility on Kuiper Belt Objects;” Cooper, J. F.; Hill, M. E.; Richardson, J. D.; Sturner, S. J.; 12/2006 2006AGUFM.P13C0184C. “Detecting Low-Order CO Emission from z 4 Quasar Host Galaxies;” Riechers, D. A.; Walter, F.; Carilli, C. L.; Knudsen, K. K.; Lo, K. Y.; Benford, D. J.; Staguhn, J. G.; Hunter, T. R.; Bertoldi, F.; Henkel, C.; and 4 coauthors; 00/2007; Galaxy Evolution Across the Hubble Time, Edited by F. Combes and J. Palous, Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 2, IAU Symposium #235, held 14-17 August, 2006 in Prague, Czech Republic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007, pp.423-423. “Development of lightweight x-ray mirrors for the Constellation-X mission;” Zhang, William W.; Chan, Kai-Wing; Hajimichael, Theo; Lehan, John P.; Owens, Scott; Petre, Robert; Saha, Timo T.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Jones, William D.; O'Dell, Stephen L.; 2007, SPIE Proceedings Vol. 6688, Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy III, Stephen L. O'Dell; Giovanni Pareschi, Editors, 668811. “Diffuse X-ray emission from the Carina Nebula observed with Suzaku;” Hamaguchi, K.; Petre, R.; 00/2007, 2007IAUS..237..421H. “Diffuse X-ray Emission from the Carina Nebula Observed with Suzaku;” Hamaguchi, Kenji; the Suzaku Eta Carinae team; the Carinae D-1 team; 4/2007, 2007arXiv0704.0346H; proceeding of the extreme universe in the Suzaku era, held in Kyoto, Japan on Dec. 4-8, 2006. “Does the Blazar Gamma-ray Spectrum Harden with Increasing Flux?-What We Learned From EGRET;” Nandikotkur, Giridhar; Jahoda, Keith. M.; Hartman, R. C.; Mukherjee, R.; Sreekumar, P.; Böttcher, M.; Sambruna, R. M.; Swank, J. H.; 7/2007, 2007AIPC..921..353N. “Early Results From Swift's BAT AGN Survey;” Winter, Lisa M.; Mushotzky, R. F.; Tueller, J.; Reynolds, C. S.; Markwardt, C.; 5/2007, 2007AAS...210.0225W. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. Page 76 49. “Eta Car and Its Surroundings: the X-ray Diagnosis;” Corcoran, M. F.; Hamaguchi, K.; 8/2007, 2007RMxAC..30...29C; Circumstellar Media and Late Stages of Massive Stellar Evolution (Eds. G. García-Segura & E. Ramirez-Ruiz) Revista Mexicana de Astronomía y Astrofísica (Serie de Conferencias) Vol. 30, pp. 29-34 (2007). “Eta Car and other LBVs;” Corcoran, M. F.; 2/2007, 2007astro.ph..2457C; to appear in the Proceedings of "Massive Stars: Fundamental Parameters and Circumstellar Interactions". “ExoPTF Science Uniquely Enabled by Far-IR Interferometry: Probing the Formation of Planetary Systems, and Finding and Characterizing Exoplanets;” Leisawitz, David; Armstrong, Tom; Bender, Chad; Benford, Dominic; Calzetti, Daniella; Carpenter, John; Danchi, William C.; Fich, Michel; Fixsen, Dale; Staguhn, Johannes; Gezari, Daniel Y.; and 21 coauthors; 7/2007, 2007arXiv0707.0873L; submitted to the Exoplanet Task Force (AAAC), 30 March 2007. “Exploring First Stars Era with GLAST;” Kashlinsky, A.; Band, D.; 07/2007; AIPC..921..243K. “Fabrication of metallic magnetic calorimeter X-ray detector arrays;” Hsieh, W.-T.; Adams, J.; Bandler, S.; Beyer, J.; Denis, K.; Eguchi, H.; Rotzinger, H.; Schneider, G.; Seidel, G.; Stevenson, T.; Travers, D.; to appear in Journal of Low Temperature Physics. “First Astronomical Imaging Spectroscopy Obtained with a Multiplexed Superconducting Bolometer Array;” Benford, Dominic J.; Staguhn, J. G.; Ames, T. J.; Allen, C. A.; Chervenak, J. A.; Kennedy, C. R.; Lefranc, S.; Maher, S. F.; Moseley, S. H.; Pajot, F.; and 3 coauthors; 12/1/2006 2006AAS...209.8511B. “Frequency Selective Bolometers- Progress and Projections;” Wilson, G. W.; Chen, T. C.; Cottingham, D. A.; Crawford, T. M.; Downs, T.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Fixsen, D. J.; Logan, D. W.; Meyer, S.; Perera, T.; Sharp, E. H.; Silverberg, R. F.; 2006; Proceedings AAS. “Gamma-Ray Emission from X-Ray Binaries;” Shrader, C. R.; 7/2007; 2007AIPC..921..417S. “Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope: Mission Overview;” Moiseev, A. A.; on behalf of the GLAST LAT Collaboration; – 2007; submitted to NIM. “Geospace Storms and Thermal Ions in the Near-Earth Magnetotail;” Chen, S.; Moore, T. E.; 12/2006, 2006AGUFMSM24A..05C; American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2006, abstract #SM24A-05. “GLAST User Support;” Band, David L.; Science Support Center, GLAST; 12/2006: AAS...20915311B. “Global Properties Of X-ray Flashes And X-ray-rich GRBs Observed By Swift;” Sakamoto, Takanori; Hullinger, D.; Sato, G.; Yamazaki, R.; Barbier, L.; Barthelmy, S.; Cummings, J.; Fenimore, E.; Gehrels, N.; Krimm, H.; Markwardt, C. B.; and 5 coauthors; 5/2007, 2007AAS...210.1004S. “Gravitational waves from black-hole mergers;” Baker, John G.; Boggs, William D.; Centrella, Joan M.; Kelly, Bernard J.; McWilliams, Sean T.; van Meter, James R.; 8/2007, 2007arXiv0708.4202B; To be published in the Proceedings of the 2007 Spring Symposium of the Space Telescope Science Institute (Baltimore, MD), April 2007. “GRB 060607A: A Bright Early Optical Afterglow with Minimal Prompt Emission;” Holland, Stephen; Swift Science Team; 12/2006, 2006AAS...20922701H. “GRB Analysis Results from GLAST Data Challenge 2;” Komin, Nukri; Band, David; Omodei, Nicola; 05/2007; AIPC..906...18K. “Heat Sinking and Crosstalk for Large, Close-Packed Arrays of Microcalorimeters;” Iyomoto, N.; Bandler, S. R.; Brekosky, R. P.; Brown, A.-D.; Chervenak, J. A.; Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Porter, F. S.; Sadleir, J. E.; Smith, S. 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C.; et al.; accepted by NIM. “High Energy Variability Of Synchrotron-Self Compton Emitting Sources: Why One Zone Models Do Not Work And How We Can Fix It;” Graff, Philip B.; Georganopoulos, Markos; Perlman, Eric S.; Kazanas, Demosthenes; 7/2007, 2007AIPC..921..333G. “Imaging of 0.3-50 MeV Gamma-Rays with 3-DTI (Three Dimensional Track Imager);” Link, J. S.; de Nolfo, G. A.; et al. (2007) ICRC (Mexico), OG 2.7. “Imaging of 0.3-50 MeV Gamma-Rays with 3-DTI (Three Dimensional Track Imager);” Link, J. S.; et al.; 2007; 30th ICRC (Mexico), OG 2.7. “IMP 8 GME energetic particle observations during three solar cycles;” Richardson, I. G.; Cane, H. V.; von Rosenvinge, T. T.; McGuire, R. E.; Proceedings of the 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Merida, Mexico, paper 382, 2007. “INTEGRAL Observations of the Pulsar PSR J1846-0258;” Sturner, S. J.; Shrader, C. R; 7/2007 2007AIPC..921..421S. “Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections During 1996 – 2007;” Richardson, I. G.; and Cane, H. V.; AGU Spring Meeting, Acapulco, SH32A-03, 2007. “Interplanetary coronal mass ejections during 1996-2007;” Richardson, I. G.; and Cane, H. V.; Proceedings of the 30th Int. Cosmic Ray Conf., Merida, Mexico, paper 381, 2007. “LAT Onboard Science: Gamma-Ray Burst Identification;” Kuehn, Frederick; Bonnell, Jerry; Hughes, Richard; Norris, Jay; Ritz, Steven; Russell, James; Smith, Patrick; Winer, Brian; 07/2007; AIPC..921..556K. “LAT Perspectives in Detection of High Energy Cosmic Ray Electrons;” Moiseev, Alexander; Ormes, J. F.; Funk, Stefan; 7/2007, 2007AIPC..921..500M. “Lost and Found: Another Missed Type IIn SN, CG X-2;” Bauer, Franz E.; Smartt, S.; Brandt, W. N.; Immler, S.; 12/2006, 2006AAS...20920006B. “Masers as Probes of Massive Star Formation in the Nuclear Disk;” Yusef-Zadeh, F.; Arendt, R. G.; Heinke, C. O.; Hinz, J. L.; Hewitt, J. W.; Pratap, P.; Ramirez, S. V.; Rieke, G. H.; Roberts, D. A.; Stolovy, S. 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