REACTOR ENGINEERING

							 Refining - Petrochemicals -
  Chemicals - Engineering                             REACTOR ENGINEERING
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                                                                      OBJECTIVES
▲ Who should
                                 To give participants a general understanding of the main reactor engineering features and
  attend?                        of the use of different types of multiphase flow reactors dedicated to refining industry.
  Graduate engineers and         On completion of the course, the participants:
  engineering staff in charge        – know the different kinds of reactor operations and their main associated parameters
  of designing or operating          – know the main features of gas liquid trickle bed reactor, gas-solid fluidized bed and
  reactors in the oil refining         gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed, including flow regimes and technologies, in relation to
  field.                               processes such as hydrotreatment of distillates, hydroconversion of residue, FCC and
                                       Fischer Tropsch.




                                                                COURSE CONTENT
                                 Course pedagogy is based on real cases, discussed during the course.

                                   REACTOR ENGINEERING: INTRODUCTION                                                       0.5 day
                                 The importance of multiphase flow, catalyst shape, contact and reaction parameters, e.g. contact
                                 time, reaction kinetics, heat of reaction, deactivation.
                                 Overview and analysis of these parameters through several examples of refining processes.
▲ Duration
                                   REACTOR ENGINEERING: FUNDAMENTALS                                                         1 day
  5 days                         Ideal reactors: ideal concepts and theory of flow through reactors (CSTR and plug flow reactors,
                                 CSTRs in series, axial dispersion, …). Concept and theory of residence time distribution in order
                                 to characterize real systems.
                                 External mass transfer limitations: mass transfer concept and theory through gas-liquid interphase
                                 in reactive and non-reactive systems.
                                 Internal mass transfer limitations: diffusion limitations of reactants through catalyst pores in
                                 reactive systems (determination of internal mass transfer limitations).
▲ Dates & Location
                                   GAS-LIQUID TRICKLE BED REACTORS (focus on HDT)                                       1.25 days
  Non-scheduled                  Multiphase flow through fixed bed on trickle bed in relation to hydrotreatment HDT processes.
                                 Main features and variables of HDT processes in refining industry.
  May be organized for           Flow regimes (trickle flow, pulsed flow, bubble flow); discussion on mapping as a function of
  a single company               operating conditions.
                                 Relevant fixed bed properties (bed density and particle size) as well as their impact on operation.
                                 Pressure drop throughout the bed as a function of operating conditions. Fluid and bed properties;
                                 presentation of different models and correlations. Discussion.
                                 Mass transfer limitation in the specific HDT case.
                                 Design considerations. Understanding of the role of internals (tray distributors, quench systems).
                                 Simple calculation methods enabling the estimation of reactor performances.
▲ Tuition Fees
  To be agreed upon                GAS-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED AND CIRCULATING FLUIDIZED
                                   BEDS (focus on FCC)                                                                   1.5 days
                                 FCC application: fluidized bed and circulating fluidized beds. Main features and variables of FCC
                                 processes in the refining industry.
                                 Fluidization regimes and mapping as a function of operating conditions. Bubble properties and
                                 relevance on fluidized bed operation. Correlations are provided to estimate and describe fluidized
                                 bed hydrodynamics.
                                 Specific technologies related to fluidized bed and circulating fluidized beds:
▲ Course                            - standpipes enabling large catalyst circulation
  Coordinator                       - gas distributors such as perforated plates, bubble caps, spargers and rings
                                    - gas-solid separation systems such as negative or positive pressure cyclones
  Philippe Bossennec             Pressure balance of a circulating fluidized bed.

                                   GAS-LIQUID SOLID FLUIDIZED BED
                                   (focus on hydroconversion and Fischer-Tropsch)                                        0.75 day
                                 Three phase fluidized bed: mainly hydroconversion and Fischer-Tropsch applications.
  Ref.   GCA / REACT-E           Ebullated bed involving fludization of large particles: flow regimes, influence of operating conditions
                                 and particle pproperties, description of bed hydrodynamics.
                                 Slurry reactors involving fluidization of small particles: flow regimes, influence of operating
                                 conditions and particles properties, description of bed hydrodynamics.




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