Understanding Students with Traumatic Brain Injury

Understanding Students with Traumatic Brain Injury Chapter 13 TBI Traumatic Brain Injury Definition • An acquired brain injury caused by an external physical force, resulting in total or partial functional disability or psychosocial impairment, or both that adversely affects a child’s educational performance. The term applies to open or closed head injuries. Open Head Injury • Penetrates the bones of the skull, allowing bacteria to have contact with the brain – Impairs specific functions, usually only those controlled by the injured part of the brain Closed Head Injury • External blow or from the brain being whipped back and forth rapidly, causing it to rub against and bounce off the rough, jagged interior of the skull Causes of TBI? • • • • • • • • A blow to the head A motor vehicle accident Being struck by a flying object A bike or skiing or sledding accident Physical abuse Sports injury Gun shot Shaken baby syndrome Changes • Depends on the area of the brain that was injured • Forgetting-Memory • Slowed performance – Reading, writing, math • • • • • • Organization Physical and psychological Interpersonal relationships Impulsive Communication Behavioral Determining the Presence of TBI • • • • • Computerized tomography - CT Computerized axial tomography - CAT Magnetic resonance imaging Functional magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography Prevalence • CDC estimate 100 out of every 100,000 people every year suffer TBI • 52,000 die each year • 2.5 to 6.5 million people have survived TBI Cost of TBI • • • • TBI in US = $48.3 billion a year $31.7 billion in hospitalization $16.6 billion associated with fatalities $10 billion for acute care Hospital to School • Involve educators during the hospital stay • Keep school personnel updated on student’s medical progress • Make the time for homebound instruction as short as possible • Frequently monitor the student’s progress after reentry • Assign someone to be the point person for coordinating the transition Back to school • Accommodate – Meet with nurse – Teacher – Administrators • Develop – IEP • Assessments • Team Accommodations • Testing – Give more time – Different styles • Classroom – Seating – Keeps records of student • Repetitions-Routines Learning Strategies • Memory – Flash Cards – Routine – Familiar surroundings • Academic – Have some one help him (tutor) – Repetition • Behavioral – Anger management – Problem solving More… • Types – Woodcock-Johnson-III • Tests of Achievement – WISC-III • Measures IQ • Vocabulary • Comprehension – TONI-3 • Nonverbal More… • Woodcock-Johnson-III – Letter-word identification – Reading – Story Recall – Understanding Directions – Spelling, Writing – Math – Compression Resources • http://www.safekids.org/ • http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/brain fit.html • http://www.biausa.org/Pages/biam2003/im brainy.html Activity • In group – Read poems • Notice back side of paper • Put names of all members present – Answer the two questions