Imperialism, Racism, Darwin – and Vitamin D
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Imperialism, Racism, Darwin –
and Vitamin D
a ‘Solar’ Hypothesis
Imperialism as a Universal Evil
• 1) As we have noted, Portugal, in inaugurating Europe overseas explorations,
colonization, introduced into the world a new, more evil form of Imperialism
• 2) What does Imperialism mean?
• ‐ necessarily the subjugation of one people (conquered or not) by another,
foreign nation: or by that nation’s ruling authorities
• ‐ rarely do any such subjugated peoples meekly submit to foreign imperialist rule
• ‐ their resistance ultimately provoke the occupying imperial power into violent
suppression – to crush all resistance, thereby ensuring continuous resistance
• 3) How did European seek to justify Imperialism ‐ and Slavery?
• a) note the historic role of the Church in opposing slavery: while tolerating (and
institutionally practising serfdom) – even though slavery had been accepted in
ancient Judaism and in contemporary medieval‐early modern Islamic societies.
• b) recall also the origins of Venice in 8th century: exporting Slavic slaves to the
Islamic world – but ‘out of sight, out of mind’ for Europeans
• c) One of the very first ‘fruits’ of Portuguese overseas commercial expansion was
to reintroduce the slave trade into western Europe moral dilemma
Imperialism and Racism
• (4) Imperialism (in this historic fashion, in my view)
produced and disseminated European RACISM
• ‐ how would Europeans justify both imperialism and the
slave trade:
• ‐ by the specious contention that the victims were not
Christians (and not Europeans!!) and thus not protected by
European moral values
• ‐ that they were somehow ‘inferior’
• ‐ 19th century Imperialism: ‘The White Man’s Burden’:
Christian ‘duty’ to spread both Christianity and European
civilization to supposedly ‘backward’ peoples?
• ‐ how does this differ from our intervention in Afghanistan?
• ‐ need one stress the evils, horrors of racism??
Why Racism is Biologically Invalid
• (5) How do Human Beings differ from all other forms
of animal life on this earth?
• ‐ Our species, homo sapiens, exists in only one single
unique form: us!
• ‐ There are no races and no biological justification for
viewing any humans, past and present, as having any
essential differences
• ‐ Our specie has one unique origin: NE Africa (in the
vicinity of Kenya/Uganda): from earlier hominid
species, about 400,000 years ago
• ‐ though many anthropologists argue that presently
evolved homo sapiens date from ca. 150,000 years ago.
Skin Pigmentation: evidence of race?
• (6) My response to the still common (and stupid, ill‐educated) view that
differing skin pigmentation is evidence of racial differences
• (a) not only is that irrelevant, but the subsequent differentiations by skin
pigmentation were a natural Darwinian evolution to protect humans:
• ‐ either to protect humans from the ill effects of sunlight, or to bestow its
benefit, in the form of Vitamin D, to protect them from many cancers.
• (b) We must assume that the origins of our species in NE Africa, evolving
from prior forms of hominoids, could have survived only with dark brown
skins: i.e., we are all, universally, descendents of dark skinned Africans
• (c) Why? Because of the chemical melanin in the skin
• ‐ produced in melanocytes: cells in deepest layer of the epidermis that
distribute granules of dark pigmentation to skin cells: sunlight stimulates
the synthesis from hormones in anterior pituitary glands
• ‐ without that protective melanin, our African ancestors would have died
(in large numbers) from various skin cancers: esp. melanomas: thus the
survival of the fittest (Darwin), only because of that dark pigmentation
Human Migrations and Vitamin D
• (7) As our species, homo sapiens, eventually migrated from Africa to Europe,
Asia, and the rest of the world, they underwent further evolutions in terms of skin
pigmentation
• a) the cost of melanin protection: was to prevent absorption of Vitamin D: or its
chemical synthesis in the skin from absorption of ultra‐violet B rays
• b) The ‘vital’ importance of VITAMIN D:
• ‐ to provide far better protection from a very wide variety of other cancers (as
recently discovered): cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, bladder,
rectum, esophagus, kidney, lung, pancreas: also from Hodgkin’s lymphoma
• c) MUTATION AND MIGRATION:
• i) Thus, in such international migrations into more temperate climates (i.e., non‐
tropical), where protection from skin cancers was less important, those who
underwent genetic mutations to develop lighter skin pigmentations – those better
suited to Vitamin D syntheses, or those descended from such ‘mutants’ ‐‐ had a
far better chance of survival: natural selection to determine survivors.
• ii) Darwinian theories of Genetic Mutation, Natural Selection, and Survival of the
Fittest: explain why those migrating to non‐tropical temperate zones evolved with
lighter, fairer skins ‐‐ that has nothing to do with ‘RACE’ – a convenient fiction!!
Memling: Adoration of the Magi
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