Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Shared by: dtj15402

Tags

toxicology program, graduate program, environmental toxicology, graduate school, the graduate, graduate students, training program, toxicology graduate program, graduate training, human toxicology, biomedical sciences, interdisciplinary program, faculty members, the university of iowa, environmental health

Stats

views:: 21
posted:: 5/11/2010
language:: English
pages:: 20

Public Domain

Document Sample

Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology
University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

The Field of Toxicology
Toxicology is the scientific discipline that deals with the harmful effects of chemical and
physical agents on living organisms. It is essentially the study of poisons and pollutants.
At the University of Saskatchewan (U of S), research and postgraduate teaching in
toxicology is coordinated and led by the Toxicology Centre, with significant participation from
members of the University's Toxicology Group. The Toxicology Group is an interdisciplinary
body under the umbrella of the College of Graduate Studies and Research (CGSR) that consists
of faculty members from many University departments, as well as scientists and adjunct faculty
from various government research institutions located on or near campus. Most Toxicology
Group faculty are available to serve as supervisors for prospective graduate students.
Members of the Toxicology Group are actively engaged in research across a broad
spectrum of toxicology sub-disciplines, thus providing prospective graduate students with varied
research opportunities.

About the Program

The Graduate Program in Toxicology was established in 1981, the first of its kind in
Canada. The Program offers both conventional Ph.D. and M.Sc. programs (with research and
thesis). Moreover, in near future (September 2010) we are hoping to offer a Non-Thesis
Masters Program. The corresponding documents are currently under revision. In addition to
general toxicology, activities and specializations within the program include analytical
toxicology, aquatic toxicology, ecotoxicology, forensic toxicology, immunotoxicology,
molecular and biochemical toxicology, nutritional toxicology, radiation and radionuclide
toxicology, veterinary toxicology, and wildlife toxicology. The Master's and Doctoral programs
allow candidates to develop toxicology as their major area of research expertise. The primary
objective of the proposed Non-Thesis Masters Program is to provide advanced training in
toxicology with an applied rather than a research intensive focus. The durations of most M.Sc.
and Ph.D. programs are 2-3 and 3-5 years, respectively.
The interdisciplinary nature of the U of S Toxicology Program provides students with a
diverse array of potential research opportunities in toxicology. Prospective students can apply to
the program from such varied undergraduate backgrounds as agriculture, biology, chemistry,
ecology, environmental sciences, medicine, physiology, pharmacology, toxicology, and
veterinary medicine, to name but a few.

About the University of Saskatchewan
The University of Saskatchewan is widely renowned for its striking collegiate gothic
architecture. With its traditional stone buildings, the University of Saskatchewan campus was
chosen as one of the twenty most beautiful places in Canada by Canadian Living magazine.
Overlooking the South Saskatchewan River on a 981 hectare site, the U of S campus has 14
colleges offering a wide range of undergraduate and graduate programs, is home to federal and
provincial research institutes, and has an annual enrolment of around 20,000 students, including

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

~2,000 graduate students. It is the only university in Canada with six health science
colleges (medicine, veterinary medicine, dentistry, nursing, pharmacy and nutrition,
kinesiology) and a major teaching hospital on the same campus.
Innovation Place, Western Canada’s first operating research park and one of the
largest in Canada, is home to over 115 high-technology companies engaged in everything
from the development of nutraceuticals to satellite communications.
Canada’s largest science project in a generation, the $224 million Canadian Light
Source synchrotron, officially opened in October 2004. Owned by the U of S, the facility
will be a national resource for researchers in academy, government and industry.
Designed to probe the molecular structure of matter, it will provide unprecedented
opportunities for scientific discovery and innovation in fields such as pharmaceuticals,
agriculture, health, advanced materials, earth sciences, micro-electronics, and toxicology.

About the City of Saskatoon and the Province of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon is the main educational and cultural centre for the province of
Saskatchewan, with a population of approximately 220,000 people and a trading area of
half a million. The city straddles the banks of the South Saskatchewan River, which flows
through the heart of the downtown core, with miles of paved trails for walking and
cycling.
One of the most picturesque cities in Canada, Saskatoon is friendly and both
culturally alive and diverse. There are five permanent theatre groups, several art galleries,
and a symphony orchestra in the city. The internationally renowned Jazz Festival takes
place each summer, as does The Fringe Festival, The International Folkfest, a children’s
festival, and an annual Exhibition. Opportunities for recreation abound in the city’s
abundant leisure facilities, parks, golf courses, and nearby lakes. It is only a two hour
drive north to the breathtaking wilderness and lakes of Canada’s boreal forest.
According to the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation’s Affordability
Index, Saskatoon remains one of the most affordable places to live in Canada. Apartment
rentals range from approximately $300 to $600 CDN per month and single rooms are
considerably less. The price of an average three-bedroom detached home is around
$240,000. Saskatoon has a number of modern shopping malls, along with many
boutiques and specialty shops, a good public transportation system, and a large variety of
both traditional and ethnic restaurants.
The Saskatoon International Airport, served by both Canadian and US major
airlines, has direct connections to Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Regina, Winnipeg,
Minneapolis/St. Paul, Toronto, Ottawa, and other centres. Saskatoon is located on the
scenic Yellowhead Highway between Winnipeg and Edmonton.
Saskatchewan is located in the heart of North America, neighbouring the
provinces of Manitoba and Alberta. To the south, it borders the American states of
Montana and North Dakota, and to the north, the Northwest Territories. Saskatchewan
covers 651,900 square kilometres-more than a quarter million square miles. Contrary to
popular belief, fully one half of the province is covered by forest, one-third is farmland,
and one-eighth is fresh water with nearly 100,000 lakes! Less than two hours drive north
of Saskatoon is Prince Albert National Park, one of Saskatchewan’s most popular four-
2

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

season destinations. Here you can mix northern wilderness encounters with the comforts
of a lakeside resort. The park covers some 388,000 hectares, or nearly one million acres
of parkland, boreal forest, patches of fescue grassland and some 1,500 lakes and streams.
Saskatchewan produces more than half of the wheat grown in Canada and while
agriculture is still very important to the economy, generating almost $2 billion annually,
mining, manufacturing, tourism, and service-based sectors also make a significant
impact.

Admission Requirements
The basic requirements for admission to the College of Graduate Studies and
Research (CGSR) at the University of Saskatchewan should be consulted.
Applicants to the Toxicology Graduate Program must possess a recognized
undergraduate degree in the life sciences, such as a B.Sc., B.S.A., B.S.P., or a clinical
doctoral degree such as an M.D. or D.V.M. Undergraduate training should, at a
minimum, include basic courses in biology, toxicology, chemistry, biochemistry, and
mammalian physiology, and a working knowledge of statistical methods. Courses in
environmental chemistry, ecology, and pharmacology are desirable. Students will not be
officially accepted into the research-based M.Sc. or Ph.D. programs until a suitable
supervisor with adequate research funding has been identified. A supervisor is not
required for admission into the proposed Non-Thesis Masters Program.

Selection of a Supervisor
Selection of a supervisor for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students is done in consultation
with the Graduate Chair for the Toxicology Graduate Program. Prospective graduate
students are encouraged to contact the Graduate Chair before attempting to contact
individual Toxicology Group faculty regarding availability of graduate student positions.
The Graduate Chair generally knows which faculty may be in a position to accept a new
student, and will assist the student in identifying possible supervisors. A list of potential
supervisors and their research interests is provided further in this website. The Graduate
Chair can be contacted at the address and numbers listed under “Contact Information”
(page 19).

Application Procedures
Application procedures for admission to the College of Graduate Studies &
Research (CGSR) are outlined in the calendar. Application for Admission form GSR-100
(see CGSR website http://www.usask.ca/cgsr/forms.php) should be submitted to the
Graduate Chair, Toxicology Graduate Program, at the address given under the section
“Contact Information” (see page 19). All applicants must arrange for official transcripts
of their academic records from each institution attended to be included with their
application. At least three confidential letters of recommendation must also be included
(forms GSR-101). GRE scores may be submitted, but are not required for admission.
Some faculty may request GRE scores. Inclusion of a résumé or curriculum vitae is
highly desirable, although not strictly required. As stated in the CGSR calendar, an
application fee of $50 is required, however, the Toxicology Graduate Program will not
3

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

request that this fee be submitted until a supervisor has been identified for the student.
Again, this entire package should be submitted to the Graduate Chair for the Toxicology
Graduate Program, not to the College of Graduate Studies and Research. Applications are
accepted year round, but most decisions regarding scholarships and admission are made
in April of each year. Preferred starting dates for the Program are May and September,
although students can technically start any time pending approval from their chosen
supervisor. (See also Summary of submission documents).

The Academic Year
The Regular Session consists of two 13-week terms; the first, or Fall term, runs
from September through December and the second, or Winter term, from January through
April. In general, a one-term course is worth three credit units and a two-term course six
credit units. Currently, all Toxicology Graduate Program courses are offered during the
Regular Session. Research components of our graduate programs continue during the
spring and summer sessions (May to August). Other departments may offer at these times
(spring and summer).

Program Description
Master's and Doctoral programs require anywhere from 6 to 15 credit units from
the core courses (depending on the student’s academic background) and research work
resulting in an acceptable thesis. Additional courses may be requested by the student’s
Advisory Committee if there is a perceived need for the student to learn more in a
specific area. Minimum requirements for the proposed non-thesis M.Sc. program consist
of 24 credit units (program still under revision), including 18 credit units from core
toxicology courses (see Courses below). A 6 credit research project will also be included
in the proposed non-thesis M.Sc. program. A working knowledge of statistical methods is
required of all candidates. A general guide for course requirements is as follows:
M.Sc. program - no background in toxicology - 15 credit units will likely be
required including undergraduate or graduate level courses.
- previous B.Sc. in toxicology (or similar) - 9 credit units of core
graduate courses will be required.
Ph.D. program - no formal training in toxicology - 15 credit units of core graduate
courses
- previous M.Sc. in toxicology - 6 credit units at the graduate
level will be required

Courses
Plans are currently underway to expand the existing academic program. The
revision will result in the creation of several new graduate core courses, including:
Toxicology Techniques, Physiology and Aquatic Toxicology, Chemodynamics,
Experimental Design and Statistics in Ecotoxicology, and Teratology. The revised
program is expected to be in place by September 2008.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Core Courses
Key to Course Descriptions:

Subject Area Identifier
Course Number
Credit Units
PHYS 111.6 – 1&2 (3L-2P-1T)
General Physics
Number of Scheduled
Meeting Hours Each
Week (L-Lecture
Course Title T-Tutorial
Term in Which Class is Held S-Seminar)

ANSC 825.3 Nutritional Toxicology 1(3L)
Naturally occurring toxicants. Bacterial toxins and mycotoxins. Additives and residues.
Contaminants. Drug-nutrient interrelationships. Nutrient toxicity. Safety and regulatory
aspects.
Prerequisite(s): Undergraduate biochemistry and nutrition courses and permission of the
instructor.

APMC 825.3 Carcinogens and Mutagens 2(2L-1S)
Provides some understanding of carcinogens and mutagens, their mechanism of action at
organismic, cellular, and molecular levels, and of their testing and assessment. Short
seminar discussions of current developments will be included.
Prerequisite(s): One course in each of biochemistry, cell biology (e.g., ANAT 201), and
general microbiology, and permission of the instructor.

MICR 820.3 DNA Repair & Mutagenesis 1 (3L)
Explores the process of DNA damage, repair, mutagenesis and impacts on cell survival,
molecular evolution and human diseases. Emphasis is given to molecular, cellular,
genetic and biochemical analysis of each repair pathway in various organisms. Students
are expected to be familiar with the technologies and strategies in the investigations.

PHARM 848.3 Advanced Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics 2 (3L-2P)
Qualitative and quantitative aspects of drug absorption, disposition, metabolism and
excretion, and drug pharmacodynamics. The course emphasizes the use of
pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic equations and the analysis of the data.
Prerequisite(s): Basic course in pharmacokinetics or permission of the instructor.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

PHARM 854.3 Metabolic Transformation of Xenobiotics 1/2(3L)
An advanced study of the basic principles of the metabolism of foreign compounds in
mammals. The xenobiotics covered will include drugs, food additives, agricultural
chemicals, and industrial chemicals. The detoxification and toxicological implications of
metabolism are emphasized.

PHARM 856.3 Forensic Toxicology 1(3L-4P)
Deals with the analytical procedures involved in the detection of chemicals and drugs in
the body tissues and fluids, and the identification of drugs of abuse. Appropriate
analytical chemical techniques are discussed and used during the practical component of
the course.

VBMS 833.3 Subclinical Toxicology 1/2(3L-1S)
Discusses subclinical manifestations to toxic agents. The emphasis will be on
immunological and behavioral alterations produced by a variety of chemical agents.
Animal models and testing methods used to evaluate the effects will be discussed, along
with various public health considerations and significance.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of the instructor or registration in the Toxicology Graduate
Program.

VBMS 840.3 Vascular Biology and Toxicology 2(3L)
This course examines the physiology of blood vessels at the tissue, cellular and molecular
level. The interaction of blood vessels with blood, the pathophysiology of common
vascular diseases and the effect of toxicants on the circulation are discussed.
Prerequisites:* None, Permission of the Instructor.

VTPA 841.3 Toxicologic Pathology 2(1L-1S-2P)
Covers machanisms of toxicology as well as basic pathology, focusing on several major
organ systems. The students' understanding of how clinical, environmental or
pharmacological toxicants damage specific organs will be supported through didactic
instruction, case studies, web-based cases, directed readings and structured group
discussion.
Prerequisite(s): VTPA 342 & 343, or equivalent; or, TOX 402 & PATH 205, or
permission of the instructor.

TOX 810.3 Radiation and Radionuclide Toxicology 1/2(3L)
Discusses natural and artificially produced radionuclides, units of radiation measurement,
processes of radioactive decay and fission, interaction of radiation with matter, radiation
doses, risks of effects at both an organism and a cellular level and movement of
radionuclides in the environment. Provides students with the knowledge to assess
potential environmental impacts and health hazards from exposure to ionizing radiation
from natural background, uranium mining and medical sources.
Prerequisite(s): Minimum of one university-level course in any four of physics,
chemistry, microbiology, statistics, cell biology, or ecology.
6

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

TOX 820.3 Advanced Multi-media Environmental Fate Models 1/2 (3L)
Students will gain a detailed understanding of multi-media environmental fate models
and hands-on use of current fugacity models. Topics covered include the incorporation of
snow, environmental feedback, and bioaccumulation assessments into environmental
fugacity fate models. Students will develop a detailed environmental fate model of an
inorganic and organic compound of interest to them.
Prerequisite(s): None

TOX 840.3 Wildlife Toxicology 2 (3L)
This course is intended to provide a broad exposure to general principles of terrestrial
toxicology, with an emphasis on mammalian and avian species. Topics to be covered
include: effects of common environmental contaminants on wildlife populations; factors
affecting soil toxicity, contaminant bioavailability and fate; common in vitro and in vivo
methods to assess toxicity and sublethal exposure (biomarkers); and ecological risk
assessment.
Prerequisite(s): TOX 300 and TOX 301, or permission from the instructor.

TOX 842.3 Biochemical Toxicology 2(2L)
The objective of this course is to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of
various biochemical mechanisms of toxicity, from both biomedical (human) and
ecotoxicological perspectives. The focus will on applying basic knowledge of
biochemistry and physiology to the science of toxicology. Classes will involve
discussions on topics related to the text and supplemental journal articles.
Prerequisite(s): Background knowledge in toxicology.

TOX 860.3 Applied Toxicology 1&2(1L-S/T)
Other courses in Toxicology are highly desirable. Provides students an opportunity to
evaluate practical problems associated with various aspects of toxicology. Students will
be presented with specific toxicological questions or concerns which will be examined
using research information and library facilities.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of the instructor or registration in the Toxicology Graduate
Program.

TOX-843.3 Environmental Chemodynamics (3L)
This course will supply the student with an understanding of the processes that control
the movement of organic and inorganic contaminants in the atmosphere, hydrosphere and
lithosphere and will also provide an understanding of the methods used to monitor
environmental behavior of potentially toxic contaminants in biotic and abiotic matrices.
Prerequisites: One course in ecology or environmental biology; one course in general or
environmental chemistry or permission from the instructor and students course advisor.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

In addition to the core courses, the following special topics courses are currently being
offered:

BIOL 898.3 Physiology and Toxicology of Aquatic Animals 2(1L)
Designed to explore the fundamental aspects of how aquatic animals function and
respond when exposed to natural and/or anthropogenic stresses. The primary emphasis is
placed on understanding the physiological mechanisms by which aquatic animals
acclimate or adapt to a challenging environment as well as the physiological
perturbations induced by stressors that lead to the onset of toxicity.
Prerequisite(s): Animal Physiology and Environmental Toxicology at Undergraduate
level and permission of the Instructor.

TOX 898.3 Aquatic Toxicology
Provides a broad background on general principles of aquatic toxicology, with emphasis
on aquatic ecotoxicology. Covers common laboratory and field assessment techniques,
factors affecting toxicity in aquatic systems, fate and bioavailability of contaminants in
the environment, and design and analysis considerations in ecotoxicological studies.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of the instructor or registration in the Toxicology Graduate
Program.

TOX 898.3 Toxicology Techniques
This course provides theoretical background and hands-on experience in methods and
techniques typically applied by toxicology professionals in academia, industry, and
government. It covers a broad spectrum of procedures, ranging from proper handling of
field equipment to biological test methods and analytical processing of samples.
Prerequisite(s): Successful completion of Laboratory Safety Course and GSR 962 (Ethics
in Animal Research). Permission of the Course Coordinator.

TOX 898.3 Special Topics in Toxicology
Additional courses can be created under special circumstances.

TOX 899.6 Special Topics in Toxicology
Created under special circumstances only.

TOX 990 Toxicology Seminar
Reviews of literature and recent investigations. Graduate students are required to attend
and to present seminars.

TOX 994 Research
Students working towards a Master's Thesis must register for this course.

TOX 996 Research
Students working towards a Ph.D. Thesis must register for this course.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Structure and Operation of Advisory Committees
All students registered in M.Sc. and Ph.D. thesis programs will require an
advisory committee. After a student has met the admission requirements, he or she will
be matched with a supervisor appropriate to the student's area of proposed study. After
that, an advisory committee will be established.
For M.Sc. candidates, the advisory committee will consist of the Graduate Chair
(or designate), who is chair of the committee, the student's supervisor, and at least one
additional member. For Ph.D. candidates, the advisory committee will consist of the
Graduate Chair (or designate), who is chair of the committee, the student's supervisor,
one cognate member, and at least two additional members.
The advisory committee will establish a program of study, supervise the student's
progress, participate in qualifying and comprehensive examinations, provide guidance
and advice to the student, and approve the student's research proposal and final thesis.

Monitoring Student Progress
Monitoring a student's progress is the responsibility of the advisory committee.
Progress is reported by the Graduate Chair (or designate) to the Toxicology Group
Executive and to the College of Graduate Studies and Research.

Academic Standards
All M.Sc. students must maintain a 70% grade point average (GPA), with a
minimum of 65% in each course. Ph.D. students must maintain a 70% GPA, with a
minimum of 70% in each course. Ph.D. and M.Sc. (thesis option) students must also
maintain satisfactory progress in their research project.

Seminars
All graduate students will be required to participate in the TOX 990 seminar
series, as part of the degree requirements. All M.Sc. students must present one seminar
before defending or graduating (usually in their second year), while Ph.D. students must
present two seminars during their program.

Qualifying and Comprehensive Examinations
Qualifying and comprehensive examinations are not required of M.Sc. candidates
(Ph.D. program only). Qualifying examinations for Ph.D. students will take the form of
an oral examination, usually within 12 months of entry into the program. This exam is
primarily used to evaluate a student’s background knowledge of toxicology when they do
not possess a prior degree in toxicology. Comprehensive examinations for Ph.D.
candidates will include oral and written examination components and is usually taken
during the third year in the program. Examination committees, in most instances, shall be
comprised of the advisory committee and at least one additional external member,
selected by the Graduate Chair.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Transfer from an M.Sc. to a Ph.D.
Students registered in the M.Sc. program who already hold an M.Sc. degree in
another discipline may transfer to a Ph.D. program if they have: successfully completed a
qualifying examination; attained a minimum 75% GPA in courses taken as part of their
M.Sc. program; shown satisfactory progress and evidence of originality in their research;
and demonstrated adequate written and verbal communication skills. Transfer from a
M.Sc. to a Ph.D. program should generally occur during the first two years of study.
Students registered in the M.Sc. program who do not hold an M.Sc. degree in
another discipline may transfer into a Ph.D. program if exceptional progress is evident,
including: outstanding performance during a qualifying examination; a minimum 80%
GPA; a high level of productivity and originality in their research as indicated by peer-
review research publications or exceptional progress; and demonstrated excellent written
and verbal communications skills. This option is available to only a limited number of
outstanding students. Transfer from M.Sc. to Ph.D. programs should occur during the
first year of study in most instances.

Thesis Requirements
For M.Sc. (with thesis) and Ph.D. degrees, a thesis must be prepared by the
student on their research. The thesis must be defended by the student subsequent to
approval by the advisory committee. For each Ph.D. defense, an external examiner is
added to the examination committee. An electronic copy of the thesis must be submitted
to the College of Graduate Studies and Research. A bound copy of the thesis is required
by the program at the Toxicology Centre.

Scholarships and Awards Program

Available Scholarships
The Toxicology Graduate Program offers full and partial scholarships to
outstanding students each year. Full scholarships are currently valued at $16,800 and
$19,800 for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, respectively. Although full scholarships are
occasionally awarded, it is more common that students receive half scholarships. The
remaining stipend is usually paid from the faculty supervisor’s research funds or other
sources. M.Sc. and Ph.D. scholarships may be held for a maximum of 30 and 48 months,
respectively.
Partial or Full Tuition Supplements for national award holders will also be
considered. These range in value from $1,000 to $3,000 per year. M.Sc. candidates who
transfer to a Ph.D. program may hold the combined scholarships for only 48 months.
The award of scholarships will be decided by the Toxicology Awards Committee
consisting of the Chair of the Toxicology Group, the Graduate Chair, and at least one
additional representative from the Toxicology Group Executive. Under normal
circumstances, applications for scholarships are reviewed in March-April for the
following fiscal year (starting in May). A limited number of scholarships or partial
scholarships may be awarded throughout the year.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Minimum Criteria for Scholarships
(1) An academic standing of 80% or equivalent in the final two years of full-time
undergraduate study or previous or current graduate study.
(2) Acceptance as a fully-qualified student in the Toxicology Graduate Program.
(3) Identification of a supervisor who is a member of the Toxicology Group.
(4) A commitment by the supervisor to provide ongoing financial support for the
student's research project, including salary if only a partial scholarship is awarded.

A student must remain in the Toxicology Graduate Program with acceptable academic
standing and satisfactory research progress to maintain award eligibility.

Allocation of Scholarship Funds
The value of full M.Sc. and Ph.D. stipends will generally be consistent with
national or College of Graduate Studies and Research awards guidelines. At the present
time, the minimum stipend values are: M.Sc. - $16,200 per year; Ph.D. - $19,200 per
year. In some cases, the Toxicology Graduate Program may exceed these funding
guidelines to attract exceptional students who possess unusually high academic standards
or demonstrate other unique attributes related to past research credentials or equity issues.
These awards are known as Tuition Supplements. They are awarded at three levels:
$1,000 per year; $2,000 per year; or $3,000 per year. The level of the award will be
influenced by available funding and the tuition assessment for the current academic year.
Tuition supplements will be used, in many instances, as an incentive to attract students
who have been awarded national scholarships from outside agencies or organizations
(e.g., NSERC, CIHR). All NSERC and CIHR award holders are guaranteed a
supplement.

Graduate Teaching Fellowship
One or more graduate teaching fellowships (GTF) are also available to students in
the Toxicology Graduate Program. The recipients of these fellowships are required to
provide teaching assistance with undergraduate courses of up to 12 hours per week,
although less time is generally required. The value of each full fellowship is
approximately $5,000 for each term. Selection of candidates is made by the Toxicology
Awards Committee. Preference is generally given to Ph.D. or M.Sc. students with
leadership qualities and strong academic standing.

Internal Awards
In addition to standard graduate scholarships and fellowships, the Toxicology
Graduate Program provides the following special awards opportunities to full-time
graduate students:
C.S. Sisodia Award
The C.S. Sisodia Award is presented annually to a full-time graduate student
registered in the Toxicology Graduate Program who has completed a minimum of two
years of formal course work. The $ 500 award recognizes academic excellence and
leadership in the field of toxicology.
11

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Mandel Scientific Student Poster Competition Awards
At the Toxicology Group Annual General Meeting students have an opportunity
to present their research findings in poster format and offer a five minute oral
presentation on the material provided in their poster. Awards of $300 (first place), $200
(second place), and $100 (third place) are provided annually to students working towards
an M.Sc. or Ph.D. in toxicology. Judging is focussed primarily on the quality of research
material provided, the physical nature and overall appearance of the poster, and the
clarity and conciseness of the oral presentation.

H.B. Schiefer Graduate Student Travel Award
This award is intended to provide one travel grant of up to $1,000 (or two partial
travel grants totalling $1,000) annually to a graduate student(s) in the Toxicology
Graduate Program. Students must be presenting research findings from their University
of Saskatchewan toxicology graduate work (in either platform or poster format) at a
national or international scientific meeting in order to be eligible for the award. Selection
will be based on a combination of research progress and quality, academic standing, and
financial need.

Perkin Elmer Life Science Toxicology Innovation & Leadership Award
This award of $500 is presented annually to a student registered in the Toxicology
Graduate Program who has shown one or both of the following qualities: (1) innovation
in research - provides innovative ideas and uses creative approaches in their thesis
research; demonstrates independent thinking, and/or (2) initiative and leadership -
actively involved with the Toxicology Graduate Student Committee or the Toxicology
Program; actively promotes the Program and acts as an ambassador for the Program; and
shows leadership qualities within either the Toxicology Graduate Program or their
research group. All full-time students registered in the Toxicology Graduate Program are
automatically considered for this award. The selection is made by the Toxicology Awards
Committee in the spring of each year.

Toxicology Graduate Student’s Association Travel Award

The purpose of this award is to give monetary assistance to students who have not had an
opportunity to attend a conference. To be eligible, the student must be in the Toxicology
Graduate Program, have never attended a conference out of the province during their
current degree, show financial need, and have actively participated in activities associated
with the TGSA or another organization related to their field of study. To apply, the
following need to be submitted: (1) a personal letter outlining financial need (including a
detailed budget of conference expenses), status of project and research, conference
importance, and length of time the student has been in program, (2) student’s C.V., (3)
proof of commitment from the student’s primary supervisor to cover costs of attending
the conference not covered by the award, through a brief letter of support, and (4)
abstract being submitted by the student to present at the conference. The award is $500
12

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

and will be awarded annually or biannually depending on the availability of funds from
the TGSA. The award will be posted mid-August and the applications will be accepted
until the end of September. Notification of the award winner will be sent out in October.

AREVA Travel Award

The AREVA Travel Award of $1,000 will be presented annually to a full-time student
enrolled in the Toxicology Graduate Program. The travel grant can be awarded to either a
single student, or can be split into two partial grants totalling $ 1,000 per year. The
purpose of this travel award is to financially support graduate students planning short-
term visits to and special training opportunities at research laboratories at other
universities, or provincial and federal research institutions. During their visit, award
recipients have to give an oral presentation/guest lecture about their research at the
Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan. A letter of thanks has to be sent by the
award recipients to AREVA Resources Canada Inc. upon return.

Toxicology Group Faculty and Their Research Interests
Members of the Toxicology Group who may be in a position to supervise students
within the Toxicology Graduate Program are listed below. Names have been grouped
within sub-disciplines of toxicology and a brief description of each member's research
interests provided. Names have also been grouped into two broader categories: (i) Core
Faculty are more active in the Toxicology Graduate Program, either through supervision
of graduate students, teaching, seminars, or activity on committees; and (ii) Extended
Faculty are currently less active in these areas, but could assume a larger role in the
future. Please contact the Graduate Chair (see Contact Information) for further
information on faculty who might be actively seeking graduate students in conjunction
with specific research projects.

(Affiliations of members who are not University of Saskatchewan faculty but Adjunct
Faculty are given in parentheses.)

Core Faculty
Analytical and Forensic Toxicology
George, G. Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy as a probe of sulfur
biochemistry in intact tissues.
Headley, J. Environmental mass spectrometry. (Environment Canada)
Kerrich, R. Analytical, environmental, groundwater geochemistry; metal speciation.
Hudson, J.C. Forensic toxicology; development of newer ans faster methods for
forensically significant analytes. (Royal Canadian Mounted Police)
MacNeil, J.D. Development and application of analytical methods for chemical
contaminants in foods, primarily veterinary drugs; veterinary drug depletion studies
in treated animals. (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

McKay, G. Development and application of high sensitivity analytical procedures with
focus on pharmaceuticals.
Nazarali, A.J. Teratogenicity; DNA-protein interactions; transcriptional factors;
expression of developmental genes in mice embryos.

Biomedical and Human Toxicology
Alcorn, J. Maturation of xenobiotic elimination mechanisms; xenobiotic effects on
mammary gland function; developmental toxicology; toxicokinetics.
Bharadwaj, L. Cardiovascular toxicology.
Chedrese, J. Use of pituitary and ovarian cell lines for toxicological studies; reproductive
endocrinology of mammalian species.
Hiebert, L.M. Vascular biology/toxicology; injury by free radicals.
Krol, E. Xenobiotic metabolism of naturally occurring phenols; reactive intermediates.
Krone, P. Endocrine modulation/developmental toxicology; use of stress proteins as
biomarkers of toxicity in fish embryos; development of transgenic indicator strains
for metal toxicity in fish embryos.
Lehotay, D. The role of free radicals and lipid peroxidation in the pathophysiology of
disease; clinical toxicology and inherited metabolic diseases; Fetal Alcohol
Syndrome (FAS). (Saskatchewan Health)
Rosenberg, A. Environmental toxin exposure and induction of autoimmunity.
Singh, B. Pulmonary toxicology; nanoparticle biology; lung inflammation.
Weber, L. Enironmental toxicants that alter cardiovascular development and function;
biochemical and physiological toxicology; zebrafish model species.
Xiao, W. Mechanisms of action of genotoxic chemicals and cellular responses to DNA
damage; genotoxic effects on cancer and related diseases.
Zello, G.A. Nutrition and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD); protein and amino
acid metabolism; drug-nutrient interactions; D-lactic acid toxicity in metabolic
acidosis.

Veterinary and Wildlife Toxicology
Blakley, B.R. Immunotoxicology - environmental aspects, nutritional states; applied
veterinary toxicology; heavy metal toxicity (Pb, Cd).
Machin, K. Avian and wildlife toxicology as related to stress.
Smits, J.E.G. Development and use of non-lethal tests in toxicology of wild birds and
mammals; assessing ecosystem health through the study of contaminant-induced
changes in wildlife.
Wickstrom, M.L. Effects of pesticides, oil field contaminants, and metals in wildlife;
cyanobacterial toxins; clinical veterinary toxicology.

Ecological and Aquatic Toxicology
Cessna, A. Pesticides, veterinary pharmaceuticals, and endocrine disrupting compounds
in surface runoff, ground water, and aquatic ecosystems. (Environment Canada)
Dubé, M.G. Assessment of the cumulative effects of multiple stressors on aquatic
systems.
14

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Evans, M.S. Environmental impacts of oil and gas development; biomagnification of
organic contaminants and mercury in northern environments. (Environment
Canada)
Forsyth, D.J. Pesticide effects on wildlife populations and habitat, including birds, small
mammals, amphibians, invertebrates, and vegetation. (Canadian Wildlife Service)
Germida, J. Plant-microbe interactions and the use of plant-microbe systems for
bioremediation of contaminated sites.
Giesy, J.P. Discovery and assessment of emerging contaminants of concern, including
perfluorinated compounds (PFCs); development of novel bioanalytical tools;
biochemical indicators of stress in aquatic organisms; and assessment of endocrine
modulating compounds.
Hecker, M. Development, validation and application of novel bioanalytical techniques;
fish and amphibian endocrinology and physiology; endocrine disruption in
oviparous vertebrates; toxicological and environmental risk assessment of persistent
organic compounds, pesticides and metals in fish, amphibians and mammals.
Janz, D. Reproductive and developmental physiology of oviparous vertebrates; endocrine
toxicology; biochemical toxicology.
Jones, P.D. Fate and effects of organic pollutants in the environment and wildlife. Use of
biochemical and molecular biology techniques in environmental toxicology.
Liber, K. Metal bioavailability and toxicity in aquatic ecosystems, especially in
sediments; mining impacts on aquatic ecosystems; pesticide toxicity in aquatic
organisms.
Niyogi, S. Assessment of waterborne metal bioavailability and toxicity using the Biotic
Ligand Model (BLM) approach; uptake, regulation, and toxicity of dietary metals in
freshwater fish.
Pietrock, M. Parasites and host-parasite relationships in polluted environments; health of
fish from natural and anthropogenically affected waters.
Siciliano, S.D. Soil ecotoxicology, investigation of trace contaminant effects in northern
terrestrial ecosystems using molecular tools.
Thomas, P. Environmental transport and food chain transfer of radionuclides, radiation
dosimetry and risk assessment; radiation biology of animal and human cell types.
Waite, D. Atmospheric transport of organics (especially pesticides) to aquatic
ecosystems; toxicology of mixtures in aquatic ecosystems. (Environment Canada)

Extended Faculty
Analytical and Forensic Toxicology
Gorecki, D. Analysis of drugs and related substances in raw materials, dosage forms, and
biological fluids and tissues.
Wrona, F. Aquatic ecotoxicology; effects of contaminants on the structure and function
of aquatic (invertebrate) food webs; bioavailability of contaminants in invertebrate
predator-prey systems. (Environment Canada)
Korsrud, G.O. Veterinary drug residue methods for screening tissues; veterinary drug
residue depletion from animal tissues. (Canadian Food Inspection Agency)
15

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Biomedical and Human Toxicology
Dosman, J.A. Respiratory toxicology.
Paterson, P. Nutritional influences on oxidative stress and inflammation as a mechanism
for reducing disability associated with stroke.
Pierson, R. Assisted reproductive toxicology; ovarian biology; reproductive
ultrasonography; image analysis; embryology.
Qureshi, A.M. Clinical toxicology and therapeutic drug monitoring; drugs of abuse;
homocystine; immunosuppresive drugs; method and instrumentation evaluation for
drug analysis in clinical specimens.
Semchuk, K.M. Human epidemiology - general, occupational, environmental;
environmental and occupational risk assessment; herbicide exposures.
Whiting, S. Dietary assessment; diet and osteoporosis; nutrition and the elderly;
nutritional aspects of soy and flax-containing foods.

Veterinary and Wildlife Toxicology
Rawlings, N.C. Reproductive endocrinology; reproductive and general endocrine
toxicology.

Ecological and Aquatic Toxicology
Aitken, A. Benthic invertebrate ecology and community structure.
Culp, J.M. Evaluation of the impact of pulp mill effluents on benthic biota in rivers;
nutrient-contaminant interactions.
Davies, J-M. Water quality management and nutrient impacts on aquatic ecosystems.
(Saskatchewan Watershed Authority)
Farrell, R. Metal speciation/bioavailability in soils and sediments; phytoremediation
systems for petroleum hydrocarbons and metal contaminated sites.
Huang, P.M. Fate and toxicity of metals, metalloids, and anthropogenic organic
compounds (e.g., pesticides) in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems; biogeochemistry
of cadmium and the impact on food chain contamination.
Melville, G. Broadly-based ecological/environmental applied research with respect to
aquatic ecosystems. (Saskatchewan Research Council)
Peterson, H. Drinking water quality; toxicity of herbicides to aquatic plants. (Safe
Drinking Water Foundation)
Schmutz, J.K. Ecotoxicology; conservation biology; protection of biodiversity; protection
of ecosystem function.
Van Rees, K. Metal speciation in the soil rhizosphere; modelling of nutrient and cadmium
uptake by plant roots.
Wayland, M. Effects of non-pesticidal environmental contaminants on wildlife and their
habitats; assessing temporal and spatial trends of contaminants in wildlife in the
prairies and arctic regions. (Environment Canada)

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Research Facilities
In 2006/2007, the Toxicology Centre underwent significant expansion and
renovation resulting into state-of-the art research facilities for analytical, aquatic,
biochemical, environmental, mechanistic, radiation, and wildlife toxicology research
from molecular to ecosystem level. The flagship of the expansion is the Aquatic
Toxicology Research Facility, a 7,100 sq-ft laboratory, which is the first of its kind in
Canada and one of only a few similar research resources worldwide. It was specifically
designed with areas provided with different water qualities and temperatures ranging
from 6-45 oC to perform both static and dynamic toxicological experiments with algae,
crustaceans, insects, clams, amphibians or fish as large as 10 kg. New in-house research
facilities also include five walk-in controlled-environment chambers, four with purified
water supplies for conducting both acute and chronic aquatic toxicity tests with several
species of freshwater invertebrates, small fish, and algae, and an analytical laboratory for
water quality analysis.
To directly investigate toxic effects of polluted waters on fish and other aquatic
organisms in the field, a mobile trailer artificial stream system is available now at the
Toxicology Centre.
Our brand new laboratories are equipped with prime instrumentation to detect organic
and inorganic chemicals and metabolites toxic to wildlife and humans. Analyical
procedures involve gas chromatography (GC) with FID, ECD, and NP detection
capabilities, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV/visible
spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), and inductively coupled
plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), to name but a few.
The biochemistry and molecular facilities are capable of doing just about any type of
biochemistry and molecular work used on the toxicology field. They have the equipment
(centrifuges, water baths, incubators, etc.) and capacity to run anything from gel
electrophoresis and western blotting to ELISA’s and enzyme activity (EROD, MROD
and Aromatase).
Finally, based on the interdisciplinary nature of our program there is easy access to a
variety of techniques and instrumentation in other labs on and off campus. The various
Toxicology Group members have a broad array of sophisticated analytical and laboratory
equipment available for toxicology research, including automated atmospheric sampling
equipment using mini-tube technology, an artificial stream system, computerized
pulmonary function testing, scanning tunneling microscopy, specialized shape-analysis
and macromolecular electron density software, radioisotope counters, microcosm test
systems, separate specialized facilities to undertake avian and mammalian studies, and
much more.

Job Opportunities for Graduates of the Program
There is a great demand for toxicology graduates both in Canada and
internationally. Graduates find jobs in the chemical, drug, food and resource industries;
environmental consulting firms; federal and provincial government research laboratories
and regulatory departments; or university-based research centres. Most students
completing M.Sc. or Ph.D. degrees have been actively recruited by prospective
employers, in both the public and private sectors. The University of Saskatchewan
17

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

program offers research training and formal course requirements that are unique in
Canada. These features enable our graduates to pursue many alternative careers in
toxicology. Consult our web site at http://www.usask.ca/toxicology/ for the current status
of some of the program’s alumni.

Cost of Study
Tuition fees for M.Sc. and Ph.D. students are $1,000 per term (i.e. $3,000 per
academic year) for the duration of the program. Please refer to the Tuition Information
website of the CGSR for details. All graduate students registered full-time in Term 1 and
who are members (including international students) of the Graduate Students’
Association (GSA) are automatically covered by a health and dental plan, providing a
comprehensive package of health, dental, vision, and travel benefits. For details contact
the Health & Dental Plan Office at the U of S, or visit their website at
www.studentcare.net.

Living and Housing Costs
Housing costs in Saskatoon are still reasonable. Rental costs for apartments and
suites range from $200-$385 for a bachelor apartment, $250-$485 for a 1-bedroom
apartment, and $370-$620 for a 2-bedroom apartment. Rental costs for houses average
$450-$600, depending on the number of bedrooms. The average house in Saskatoon sells
for approximately $230,000.
An estimate of minimum expenses, including books and supplies, living
accommodation and food, local transportation, clothing, personal needs and
entertainment, etc. is roughly $16,200 per year. (Please see the “International Student
Cost-Estimate Sheet” at http://explore.usask.ca/international/tuition/ for detailed
information.) You can also search the University of Saskatchewan Students' Union
Housing Registry Database at http://www.ussu.ca/services/housingregistry.shtml.

Information for International Students
The language of instruction at the University of Saskatchewan is English.
Applicants for admission whose first language is not English must present evidence of
proficiency in English. The following will be accepted as satisfactory evidence:

(1) Three years of full-time attendance in a Saskatchewan high school (or from an
institution where English is the language of instruction and examination) including
complete secondary level standing and successful completion of English Literature and
Composition in each of Grades 10, 11 and 12;

(2) A score of at least: 580 (paper based) or 237 (computer based) on the Test of English
as a Foreign Language (TOEFL), Band 6.5 on the Academic Reading and Writing
Modules of the International English Language Testing System (IELTS), Band 4.5 of the
Canadian Test of English for Scholars and Trainees (CanTEST), 60 on the Canadian
Academic English Language (CAEL) test, 60% on Advanced Level (ESL 050) of the
University of Regina's Intensive English as a Second Language program plus completion
18

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

of Academic Writing Elective A, C or higher on the University of Cambridge Certificate
of Proficiency in English (CPE) test, or 85 on the Michigan English Language
Assessment Battery (MELAB). (For more details check the Language Requirements
website of the CGSR.) All test scores must be forwarded directly to the Toxicology
Centre by the testing centre;

(3) Successful completion of at least 18 credit units of transferable university-level
courses at an institution where English is the official language of instruction and
examination;

(4) Successful completion of the ESL (English as a Second Language) program (Level
50: Advanced) offered by the Centre for Second Language Instruction. These courses are
considered the equivalent of full-time studies for immigration purposes. For more
information about the ESL program, contact The Language Centre, 232 Williams
Building, 221 Cumberland Ave. N., Saskatoon, SK Canada S7N 1M3, Telephone: (306)
966-4351, Fax: (306) 966-4356, E-mail: international.esl@usask.ca, or
www.extension.usask.ca

For further information, please see the brochures directed towards international students.
Additional information can also be found on the CGSR website
http://www.usask.ca/cgsr/english.php.

The Toxicology Graduate Student Committee
The Toxicology Graduate Student Association (TGSA) is a course council group
that represents toxicology graduate students within and provides a link to the University
of Saskatchewan Graduate Students Association (GSA). The TGSA holds various student
social, fundraising, outreach, and sports activities during the academic year. In the past,
the TGSA has held welcome potlucks and barbeques in the fall and winter sessions,
clothing sales, winter retreats, various tours on and off campus, fund-raising events, and
presentations to school groups. The TGSA participates regularly in campus recreational
sports. It represents toxicology graduate students and provides information and support
for students regarding campus activities and policies.

Recreational Opportunities
A variety of campus recreational activities are available at the U of S, with
campus rec leagues devoted to men’s, women’s, co-rec sports, and a spectacular new
Physical Activity Complex. Sports such as basketball, curling, football, floor hockey, ice
hockey, badminton, soccer, and volleyball attract students from across campus.
The Arts are well represented with student participation in such organizations as
the Greystone theatre, the Greystone singers, and various bands and ensembles.

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan
Handbook for Applicants to the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology

Contact Information
For further information on the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Toxicology,
please contact:
Graduate Chair
Toxicology Graduate Program
Toxicology Centre
44 Campus Drive
University of Saskatchewan
Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B3
CANADA
Telephone: (306) 966-7441
Facsimile: (306) 931-1664
E-mail: tox.centre@usask.ca

You can visit our web site at http://www.usask.ca/toxicology/ , the U of S web site at
http://www.usask.ca , or the College of Graduate Studies and Research web site at
http://www.usask.ca/cgsr/ . Numerous links to more information about the university, the
city of Saskatoon, and the province of Saskatchewan are available through the U of S
website. Also included with this package is a sheet of contact names for currently
enrolled graduate students.

Summary of submission documents

• GSR 100:Application for Admission to Regular Programs
• three GSR 101: Confidential Letter of Recommendation
• official transcripts
• TOEFL / English proficiency test
• letter outlining experience and interests in Toxicology

Do NOT send in the application fee of $50 until requested!

Toxicology Centre October, 2007
University of Saskatchewan