Get documents about "10-Targosz-Treviso Central Europe Trafo (1
Description
energy-saving-opportunities-for-transformers pdf
Document Sample
Central European Perspective
3rd international workshop on distribution
transformer efficiency
- Country schemes to promote efficiency
of distribution transformers
1
Electrical energy in Central Europe
Electricity consumption
140,0
120,0 1995
100,0 1996
80,0 1997
60,0
1998
40,0
1999
20,0
2000
0,0
TWh Bulgaria Czech Hungary Poland Romania Slovakia
Republic
Central Europe T&D losses
30,00%
Czech
25,00%
% T & D losses
Poland
20,00%
15,00% Romania
10,00% Slovakia
5,00% Bulgaria
0,00% Hungary
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
2
Comparison of load losses
Lo ad lo s s e s in CE v e rs . HD C-C' clas s
0,3
0,25 P L1
P L2
0,2
P L3
0,15 Cz1
Cz2
0,1
Sk
0,05 Bg EE
Bg2
0 Ro s td
50 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600
Ro EE
-0,05
-0,1
3
Comparison of no load losses
No lo ad lo s s e s in CE v e rs . HD C-C'
0,7
0,6
P L1
0,5 P L2
P L3
0,4 Cz1
Cz2
0,3
Sk
0,2 Bg EE
Bg2
0,1 Ro s td
0 Ro EE
50 100 160 250 400 630 1000 1600
-0,1
4
Central European Countries overwiev
Country Profile
Bulgaria Transformer fleet ~ 60 000 Rate of replacement ~ 3%
Transformer losses ~ 0,40 TWh Replacement mechnism: age >
No minimum efficiency standard expansion > repair costs > energy
efficiency
Czech Transformer fleet ~ 70 000 Rate of replacement ~ 2%
Republic Transformer losses ~ 0,55 TWh Replacement mechnism: expansion >
Efficiency related standard (soft) energy efficiency
Hungary Transformer fleet ~ 48 000 Rate of replacement = 5 - 8%
Transformer losses ~ 0,35 TWh Replacement mechnism: 10-25 years age
No minimum efficiency standard if repair costs > 10 – 50% new price or all
> 30 years failed = replacement
5
Central European Countries overwiev (2)
Country Profile
Poland Transformer fleet ~ 235 000 Rate of replacement < 4%
Transformer losses ~ 1,25 TWhReplacement mechnism: repair costs >
expansion > TOC
No minimum efficiency standard
Romania Transformer fleet ~ 85 000 Rate of replacement = 2,5-3%
Transformer losses ~ 0,80 TWhReplacement mechnism:
repair costs
Very low minimum efficciency
standard
Slovakia Transformer fleet ~ 40 000 Rate of replacement ~ 3%
Transformer losses ~ 0,25 TWh Replacement mechnism: different
Efficiency related standard (soft)approaches
6
Central Europe – aggregated
• Consumption 2000: 314,4 TWh (~ 50% transformed by distribution transformers)
• Transformer losses ~ 3,6 TWh
• Consumption 2020: (+50-70%) ~ 500 TWh
• The average efficiency today 97,6%*
• The average efficiency at C-C’ 98,7%**
• Total energy saving potential ~ 3 TWh
Distribution % contribution * % contribution **
transformer rating to losses to savings
Low 20 15
250 kVA
Medium 50 50
400 kVA
High 30 35
630 kVA
7
Central Europe - Regional perspective
+ -
•EU accession •Privatizations (fast
(adaptation acquisition payback)
infrastructural funds) •Low energy prices
•Growing TOC •No mandatory
awareness standard
•Regulator policy
8
Central European scheme to promote
efficiency of distribution transformers
• Use other energy efficiency relevant country
opportunities:
• Renewables
• Kyoto emissions reduction
• EU transition infrastructural support
• Mandatory minimum energy efficiency standard as
possibly the best -regional? – approach (but is it
realistic?)
• System of incentives (high complexity issue)
9
Central European scheme to promote
efficiency of distribution transformers
Communication promotional campaigns – country
/regional
• Demonstration and replication
• Traditional promotion
Increase knowledge level
about actual TOC e.g. 1,04
1,02
Influence of energy efficient 1
transformers and growth of load 0,98
on the level of energy losses in w5q 0,96
distribution networks. 0,94 1,03
w5q - overall distribution losses 0,92 1,02
u - % of EE transformers 0,9 1,01
q
q - change in load factor 0,88 1
0 25 50 75 100
u [%]
10
