REVIEW MATRIX

Appendix D.1: Goal 4 Review Matrix (Listed in order from high to no relevance documents) Document Citation Land use goal Relevance to review High relevance Where document found Library database Document type Journal Peer reviewed? Yes Document used as Source of evidence Type of Study Study dates/ Data duration Quantitative Study location Purpose of study, research question(s), hypotheses Study methods Findings Other Comments? Abstract Goal 4 Kline, J.D. 2005. Forest and farmland conservation effects of Oregon's (USA) land-use planning program. Environmental Management 35, no.4 p. 368-380 1974, 1982 and 1994 Coast Range, Oregon ODF aerial photography This study sought to model the likely development of forest lands with and without land use planning system in place Regression analysis of an empirical model of spatially explicit Land use law did have an effect and constrained land use change developemnt to UGBs and kept some forestland from being developed. Oregon's land-use planning program is often cited as an exemplary approach to forest and farmland conservation, but analyses of its effectiveness are limited. This article examines Oregon's land-use planning program using detailed spatial data describing building densities in western Oregon. An empirical model describes changes in building densities on forest and agricultural lands from 1974 to 1994, as a function of a gravity index of land's commuting distance to cities of various sizes, topographic characteristics, and zoning adopted under Oregon's land-use planning program. The effectiveness of Oregon's land-use planning program is evaluated based on the statistical significance of zoning variables and by computing estimated areas of forest and agricultural lands falling into undeveloped, low-density developed, and developed building density categories, with and without land-use zoning in effect. Results suggest that Oregon's land-use planning program has provided a measurable degree of protection to forest and agricultural lands since its implementation. Kline, J.D. 2005. Predicted future forest- and farmland Goal 4 development in Western Oregon with and without land use zoning in effect. USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, High relevance Other Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1974, 1982, 1994, 2000 ODF aerial photography; Projected from 2004 to 2024 19 Counties in Western This research note uses an existing spatial land use model An econometric spatial land use model is used with building Oregon created for western Oregon to predict future development of forest counts from aerial photos to project future building densities and agricultural lands for two scenarios: (1) one assuming that with and without zoning restrictions in place. land use zones adopted under Oregon’s Land Use Planning Program remain unaffected by Measure 37, and (2) one assuming that land use zones are made completely unenforceable by Measure 37 The study found that without zoning in effect, there would be a greater number of buildings on forest and ag lands in Western Oregon Author notes that the predictive power of this model is limited, and only serves to project past trends into the future. Many other factors would need to be considered for more accurate forecasting. Resource land conversion has been concentrated in UGBs. Difference between non-UGB land and exclusive use land is not measurable - no statistically significant effect of zoning on forestland conversion following implementation Kline, J.D. and Alig R.J. 1999. Does land use planning slow the conversion of forest and farm lands? Growth and Change 30, no.1 p. 3-22 Goal 4 High relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Quantitative 1961, 1974, 1985 and 1994 FIA inventories Western Oregon and Western Washington Examine the effects of socioeconomic factors, land rent and landowner characteristics on conversion of forest land to more developed uses Probit model using FIA plot data to test for the effect of zoning on the location of development Authors caution that the nature of the data may make the effects of land use planning system unobservable. Baker, J.P., Van Sickle J., Berger P.A., et al. 2004. Alternative futures for the Willamette River Basin, Oregon. Ecological Applications 14, no.2 p. 313-324 Goals 3 and 4 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative Pre-1850s to 1990s, projected to 2050 Willamette River Basin Modeled three alternative future of general policy scenarios and their effects on wildlife, river morphology, water quality. Used indicators of development detailed in other papers. Examined "business as usual" (Plan), relaxation of land use regulations (Development) and more strict conservation regulations (Conservation). Sought to bracket the range of acceptable policy alternatives Use of multiple projection models. Historical reconstruction. Land cover analysis. Of interest here, they found net loss of farmland in This is just a synthesis of all findings. Papers published by all scenarios. Least under Plan scenario, most Hulse et al. 2004 (conversion to built environment) and under Development scenario Berger and Bolte 2004 (ag land change) are more pertinent Oregon’s Land Use Planning Program is often cited as an exemplary approach to protecting forest and farm lands from development. In November 2004, Oregon voters approved a ballot measure—Measure 37—to require the state to compensate landowners for any property value losses resulting from land use regulations, including those adopted under the program. Because compensation is viewed by many land use planners and policymakers in the state as virtually impossible because of the potential expense involved, the passage of Measure 37 has placed the continued enforcement of land use regulations into question. A key question for land use planners and policymakers in Oregon, and other states aspiring to implement land use planning programs like Oregon’s, is what effect potential lapses in zoning enforcement might have on forest- and farmland development. This research note uses an existing spatial land use model created for western Oregon to predict future development of forest and agricultural lands for two scenarios: (1) one assuming that land use zones adopted under Oregon’s Land Use Planning Program remain unaffected by Measure 37, and (2) one assuming that land use zones are made completely unenforceable by Measure 37. Although neither scenario probably is likely, the predictions suggest a set of bounds defining a range of new development possibilities enabled by pending changes in zoning enforcement resulting from Measure 37. The Land use planning often is implemented to control development on forests and farmland, but its impact on land use remains untested. Previous studies evaluating such programs have relied on anecdotal evidence rather than on data describing actual land use change. A model of land use is specified as a function of socioeconomic factors, land rent, and landowners' characteristics, to examine how well Oregon's land use planning program has protected forests and farmland from development. The empirical model describes the probability that forests and farmland in western Oregon and western Washington were developed to residential, commercial, or industrial uses, before and after Oregon's land use planning program took effect. Land use data are provided by the USDA Forest Service's Forest Inventory and Analysis program. Results suggest that Oregon's land use planning program has concentrated development within urban growth boundaries since its implementation, but its success at reducing the likelihood of development on resource lands located within forest use and exclusive farm use zones remains uncertain. Alternative futures analysis can inform community decisions regarding land and water use. We conducted an alternative futures analysis in the Willamette River Basin in western Oregon. Based on detailed input from local stakeholders, three alternative future landscapes for the year 2050 were created and compared to present-day (circa 1990) and historical (pre-EuroAmerican settlement) landscapes. We evaluated the likely effects of these landscape changes on four endpoints: water availability, Willamette River, stream condition, and terrestrial wildlife. All three futures assume a doubling of the 1990 human population by 2050. The Plan Trend 2050 scenario assumes current policies and trends continue. Because Oregon has several conservationoriented policies in place, landscape changes and projected environmental effects associated with this scenario were surprisingly small (most ≤10% change relative to 1990). The scenario did, however, engender a debate among stakeholders about the reasonableness of assuming that existing policies would be implemented exactly as written if no further policy actions were taken. The Development 2050 scenario reflects a loosening of current policies, more market-oriented approach, as proposed by some stakeholders. Estimated effects of this scenario include loss of 24% of prime farmland; 39% more wildlife species would lose habitat than gain habitat relative to the 1990 landscape. Projected effects on aquatic biota were less severe, NA Birch, K. 2002. Are the land use laws meeting Oregon's forestland goals? Salem: Oregon Department of Forestry. Dec 4. Branscomb, A. 2002. Forestry land use. Pages 104–105 in D. Hulse, S. Gregory, and J. Baker, editors. Willamette River Basin planning atlas: trajectories of environmental and ecological change. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. Butler, B.J., J.J Swenson and R.A. Alig. 2004. Forest fragmentation in the Pacific Northwest: quantification and correlations. Forest ecology and management 189 (1-3): 363-373. Goal 4 Low relevance Other State agency report University report No Not used Both 1973-2000 Oregon See title Summary of existing studies Oregon's land use laws are helping to protect forestland base Relies primarily on Lettman et al 2002 data. Goal 4 Low relevance Other Yes Not used Quantitative Pre-1850s to 1990s, projected to 2050 Willamette River Basin Project changes in forested land and different use categories and Simulation based on past trajectories and three alternative ownerships futures. Varying transitions from industrial to non-industrial uses under different assumptions. It's not extensive, but it seems that this could provide some indication of what would happen to forest useif land use controls were relaxed Goal 4 Low relevance Library database Journal yes Source of evidence Quantitative Used 1990 census data and analysis units. All of Western OR and WA Looking for correlations between forest fragmentation and Modeling approach with multiple regression analaysis. socioeconomic or physical factors to look for fragmentation that is caused by human land use decisions. Dummy variable for "in Oregon" had a significant negaitve correlation with percent non-forest land use classification Did not explicitly address the role of land use planning, but mentions as the reason that dummy variable had correlation that it did. They did not include a dummy variable for Washington. A forest fragmentation index was produced for western Oregon and westernWashington that combined measures of forested area, percentage edge, and interspersion. While natural, human land-cover, and human land-use processes contribute to forest fragmentation in the region, the drivers of these processes are categorically different. Here we examine forest fragmentation caused by human land-use decisions, which accounts for 20% of the total forest edge in the region. Using multiple linear regression, we developed a model with socio-economic and environmental predictor variables that explains 80% of the variance of the forest fragmentation index across the region. Population density, income, and percentage agriculture were all significant and positively correlated with the fragmentation index. Significantly negative correlations were found between the forest fragmentation index and distance to highway, percentage federal land, slope, and a dummy variable indicating land in Oregon. The three components of the fragmentation index were used as predictor variables in separate regression models and yielded results similar to the composite index. Models run separately for western Oregon and western Washington were similar to the regional model except that distance to highway was only significant in the western Oregon model and income was only significant in the western Washington model. Cathcart, J.F., Tilton, M., Delaney, M., and J.D. Kline. Goal 4 2007. "Carbon Storage and Oregon's Land-Use Planning Program. [electronic resource]." Journal of forestry 105,: 167-172. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Quantitative 1974-1994 for land Oregon use conversion; 1974 to 2004 for population trends; Population projections out to 2024 Attempt to estimate the amount of carbon stored in Oregon as a result of land use planning system and how much carbon will remain stored in the future as a result of land use planning system. Compare to amount that would have been released through development if system was not in place. Create gravity index from model of past land use change and population projections to extend the model forward to 2024 and look at how much land would be converted under both scenarios (with and without LU Planning). Oregon's land use planning system has avoided the release of carbon dioxide. 13.9 million metric tons were not released from 1974 to 2004 as a result of land use planning system (projection) and another 3.4 million metric tons will not be released from 2005 to 2024 (projection). Discusses benefits of land use planning system for carbon storage, but as the goal is concerned with forest preservation and not climate change specifically, it doesn't address the goal itself. Research and policy discussions highlight the role of forests in reducing greenhouse gases by storing carbon. An important factor regarding forests and carbon is simply maintaining the amount of land that is retained in forest cover. Since 1973, Oregon’s statewide land-use planning program has sought to maintain forest and agricultural lands in the face of increasing development by maintaining forest and agricultural zones and to limit growth to within urban growth boundaries. We combine projections of forest and agricultural land development with estimates of average carbon stocks for different land uses to examine what effect land-use planning has had in maintaining forest carbon in western Oregon. In addition to other benefits arising from the conservation of forestland, results indicate that Oregon’s land-use planning system in western Oregon yields significant gains in carbon storage equivalent to a reduction of 1.7 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions per year. Goal 4 Cho, S.-H., Wu J., and Alig R. 2005. Land development under regulation: Comparison between the east and west sides of the cascade range in Oregon, Washington, and California. Review of Urban and Regional Development Studies 17, no.1 p. 1-17 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Quantitative 1982, 1987 and 1992 OR, WA and Northern data from NRIS and CA Census Determine if there was a difference in land development between the east and west sides of the Cascade crest. Looked at socioeconomic and physical factors to see what best explained variance between the two sides. Used an economic land use conversion decision model. West side more responsive to econ changes than Trained with data on land quality, risk and economic change. east side. Forestry zoning shifts development to Compares the east side of the Cascades to the Used resulting coefficients to test the responsiveness of agricultural lands, and vice versa. west side of the Cascades for Oregon, acreages in each category of land use to variation in the Washington and Northern California without individual variables (such as forestry zoning). I think We compare how socioeconomic factors,physical landscape, profit uncertainty, and local land use policies have affected land development on the east and west sides of the Cascade Range in Oregon, Washington, and California. It is found that the west side has more actively planned and regulated land use than the east side. Consequently, the more intense land use regulations on the west side have reduced more land development than on the east distinguishing. They found differences between the side. Risks associated with alternative land uses as well as profits were important in land two sides, but do not explicitly address Oregon's development decisions of both sides. system separately. Edwards, K.K., and J.C. Bliss. 2003. "It's a neighborhood now: practicing forestry at the urban fringe." Journal of forestry 101(3): 6-11. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Both 2000 Soap Creek Watershed, Their goal was to understand challenges facing forestry at the Benton County, OR urban fringe. They were looking at the impacts of increased development and increased regulation on active forest management at the urban fringe Personal Interviews, mail survey, participant observation, secondary data review General appreciation and approval of land use planning system, but fear of excessive regulation. Interviewees identified regulation as the reason development has been restricted, and responded favorably. Mentioned the importance of the system for legitimating the act of forest management and moving the question to "How Could be useful as a measure of local sentiment forestry should be conducted" instead of about effects of land use system on forest "should..." management, anecdotal evidence of positive Increasing land fragmentation, regulations, and neighbors’ concerns pose significant challenges to forest owners at the urban fringe. Using Oregon’s Soap Creek Watershed as a study site, we paired qualitative and quantitative methods to identify stakeholders, their opinions about forestry, and options for reducing conflict. Findings indicate that: (1) stakeholders viewed actively managed forests as preferable to further residential development, (2) residents held corporate and public forest managers to higher communication and management standards than individual private managers, and (3) consistently communicating management intentions and acknowledging neighbors’ concerns reduced active opposition to forest management. Statistics are presented by county for western Oregon for four dominant land use calsses on non-Federally owned land. The classes were primary forest, primary agriculture, low-density urban, and urban. Classes were determined from aerial photographs taken in 1971-74 and in 1982.; by using these data, estimates of chnage for the period between photography were developed. neighborhood effects. Gedney, D.R. and B.A. Hiserote. 1989. Changes in land use in western Oregon between 1971-74 and 1982 . Resource bulletin PNW-RB - U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. February. Goal 4 Low relevance Library database Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1971 to 1982 Western Oregon They wanted to quantify the amount of land that transitioned between each of for land use classes Aerial photography analysis Net loss of primary forest land between the two time periods An intersting analysis of the land cover and use change. Hulse, D.W.; Branscomb, A.; and Payne S.G. 2004. Envisioning alternatives: Using citizen guidance to map future land and water use. Ecological Applications 14, no.2 p. 325-341 Goal 4 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Lead to a source Both Pre-1850s to 1990s, projected to 2050 Willamette River Basin Examine the role of citizen guidance in how alternative futures were constructed and refined during. Modeling, citizen participation and advisement. None that directly relate to Goal 4 review question For more discussion of alternative futures results as they pertain to Goal 4, see other references Goal 4 Low relevance Other University report Unclear Source of evidence Quantitative mid 1960s to 2000s Jaeger, W.K. and A.J. Plantinga. 2007. How have land-use regulations affected property values in Oregon? Special Report 1077. Oregon State University Extension Service. Goal 4 Low Relevance Other database Journal Yes Source of evidence Quantitative 2004 to 2104 Lane, Jackson and Baker Counties Oregon, Kittitas and Lewis Counties Oregon. To determine if the land use regulations have reduced the growth Economic analysis comparing counties in Oregon to counties in property values relative to a state without the same regulations. in Washington with similar rural lands and economies. Attempting to quantify the amount of property value reduction that Measure used was land value. can be attributed to the land use planning system Property values and growth in value have not been affected by Oregon's land use planning program. The most stringent restrctions (those on farm and forest lands) did not have an observable effect on land values. Expect divergence of forest structure in the future, decreased heterogeneity. They express uncertainty about future land use policy implications. Slight reduction in land available to commercial forestry, larger reduction in NIPF land. Spatially explicit landscape analyses are a central activity in research on the relationships between people and changes in natural systems. Using geographical information systems and related tools, the Pacific Northwest Ecosystem Research Consortium depicted historical (pre-EuroAmerican settlement, circa 1850), current (circa 1990), and three alternative future (circa 2050) landscapes for western Oregon's Willamette River Basin. These depictions were used to better understand and anticipate trajectories of change in human occupancy and natural resource condition. During a 30-month period, we worked with lay and professional citizen groups to create, map, and refine a set of value-based assumptions about future policy in three scenarios concerning land and water use. The Plan Trend 2050 scenario represents the expected future landscape in 2050 if current policies are implemented as written and recent trends continue. Development 2050 reflects a loosening of current policies, to allow freer rein to market forces across all components of the landscape, but still within the range of what citizen stakeholders considered plausible. Conservation 2050 places greater emphasis on ecosystem protection and restoration, still reflecting a plausible balance among ecological, social, and economic considerations as defined by the stakeholders. For the Conservation scenario, natural resource managers and scientists provided estimates for the area of key habitats required to Coast Range, Oregon Johnson, K.N. ;P. Bettinger;J. D. Kline;T. A. Spies;M. Lennette;G. Lettman;B. Garber-Yonts;T. Larsen. 2007 . Simulating forest structure, timber production, and socioeconomic effects in a multi-owner province . Ecological Applications , 17 ( 1 ): 34-47 Johnson, K.N. 2000. Summary of current status and Goal 4 health of Oregon's forests. In Oregon State of the Environment Report. NEED FULL CITE INFO Kline, J.D, D.L Azuma, A. Moses. 2003 Modeling the Goal 4 spatially dynamic distribution of humans in the Oregon (USA) Coast Range. LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY 18 : 347 "(1) to assess how the forest land base might change in the future Simulation using inputs from multiple models and projections. because of rural and urban development; (2) to assess how CLAMS project. recently enacted forest policies, designed to maintain or restore forest biodiversity, affect forest structures, timber harvest levels, and associated timber-related income and employment at the province scale; and (3) to evaluate the implications of alternatives to current forest policies that attempt to enhance conservation of biodiversity" p 36. Relevance is a function of the fact that all discussion of land use change based on Kline's work,. Also adds some projections about future timber revenues and types of users, could get at that question. Sustainable yields not being achieved on private lands. This study examines the ways in which land-use regulations in general and Oregon’s land-use planning system in particular may affect property values. The study is focused on Oregon, but it is framed within the broader context of research in economics. Our analysis of Oregon land value data finds no evidence of a generalized reduction in value caused by Oregon’s land-use regulations, a result that is consistent with economic theory and with other research in the economics field. in managing coastal forests in the Pacific Northwest-an area Protecting biodiversity has become a major goal in which human activities have had a significant influence on landscape change. A complex pattern of public and private forest ownership, combined with new regulations for each owner group, raises questions about how well and how efficiently these policies achieve their biodiversity goals. To develop a deeper understanding of the aggregate effect of forest policies, we simulated forest structures, timber production, and socioeconomic conditions over time for the mixture of private and public lands in the 2.3-million-ha Coast Range Physiographic Province of Oregon. To make these projections, we recognized both vegetative complexity at the stand level and spatial complexity at the landscape level. We focused on the two major factors influencing landscape change in the forests of the Coast Range: (1) land use, especially development for houses and cities, and (2) forest management, especially clearcutting. Our simulations of current policy suggest major changes in land use on the margins of the Coast Range, a divergence in forest structure among the different owners, an increase in old-growth forests, and a continuing loss of the structural elements associated with Low relevance Other State agency report No Not used Quantitative Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative Summary of findings Oregon - Statewide This report examined the health of Oregon's forests for of others - Mentions productivity and for natural functioning use of data back to 1950s 1974, 1985 and 1994 Western Oregon Coast Accurately describe the changes in building densities over time FIA inventories and range 1974, 1982 and 1994 ODF Aerial photogrpahy Projections based on historical data This might be useful as data for economic and forestry use questions, but does not explicitly address the role of land use planning. A common approach to land use change analyses in multidisciplinary landscape-level studies is to delineate discrete forest and non-forest or urban and non-urban land use categories to serve as inputs into sets of integrated sub-models describing socioeconomic and ecological processes. Such discrete land use categories, however, may be inappropriate when the socioeconomic and ecological processes under study are sensitive to a range of human habitation. In this paper, we characterize the spatial dynamic distribution of humans throughout the forest landscape of western Oregon (USA). We develop an empirical model describing the spatial distribution and rate of change in historic building densities as a function of a gravity index of development pressure, existing building densities, slope, elevation, and existing land use zoning. We use the empirical model to project changes in building densities that are applied to a 1995 base map of building density to describe future spatial Does not attempt to model how human distributions have changed, so this more serves as distributions of buildings over time. The projected building density maps serve as inputs into a multidisciplinary landscape-level analysis of socioeconomic and ecological processes in Oregon's Coast Range Mountains. a basis for understanding the results of future Regression analysis with spatially explicit econometric land use change model. This paper served as a description and vaildation of the model, this model was an improvement over discrete land use change models previously used. studies that use this model. Kline, J.D. 2000. Comparing states with and without growth management analysis based on indicators with policy implications comment. LAND USE POLICY 17 : 349 Goal 4 Low Relevance Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative 1982, 1987, 1992, United States 1997 NRCS NRI data Respond to an article by Nelson (1999) that examined the conversion rates of farmland in Oregon and the rest of the US Comparison of population change and land use change data. Oregon does not perform as well as Nelson indicated. Doing better than average. In a recent volume of this journal, Nelson (Land Use Policy 16 (1999) 121) defines and computes several statewide indicators designed to evaluate the effectiveness of growth management efforts in Oregon and Florida. Two indicators are intended to measure how well states have contained urban sprawl and preserved farmland. They are computed using US Census of Population and US Census of Agriculture data. In this comment, I highlight potential problems associated with using these data This study aggregated land use types. Nelson did to evaluate urban sprawl and farmland preservation, and recompute Nelson's indicators using alternative land use data. not include forestland at all, but NRI data includes Differences and similarities between my indicators and those computed by Nelson are discussed. forests as part of resource land. Kline, J.D. 2003. Characterizing land use change in multidisciplinary landscape-level analyses. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 32(1): 103-115. Goal 4 Low relevance Other Journal Yes Not used Quantitative 1974, 1985 and 1994 Western Oregon Coast Accurately describe the changes in building densities over time FIA inventories and range 1974, 1982 and 1994 ODF Aerial photogrpahy Regression analysis with spatially explicit econometric land use change model. This paper served as a description and vaildation of the model, this model was an improvement over discrete land use change models previously used. Economists increasingly face opportunities to collaborate with ecologists on landscape-level analyses of socioeconomic and ecological processes. Tnis often calls for developing empirical models to project land use change as input into ecological models. Providing ecologists with the land use information they desire can present many challenges regarding data, modeling, and econometrics. This paper provides an overview of the relatively recent adaptation of economics-based land use modeling methods toward greater spatial specificity desired in integrated research with ecologists. Practical issues presented by data, modeling, and econometrics are highlighted, followed by an example based on a multidisciplinary landscape-level analysis in Oregon's Coast Range mountains. Similar to Kline, Azuma and Moses model, but reports on land use change projections to 2024 and 2054. Kline, J.D. and R.J. Alig. 2000. Research Report 3: Forest Impacts. Prepared for Willamette Valley Alternative Futures and EcoNorthwest, Inc., Eugene, OR. 35 p. Goal 4 Low relevance Other Other No Source of evidence Quantitative 2000 to 2005 Projection Willamette Valley Evaluate impact of proposed marginal changes to land use zoning Simulaiton model densities on commercial forestry in the Willamette Valley No significant impact on commercial forestry was found because the most productive forestlands largely remained unaffected by proposed land use zoning changes Consultant report. Low relevance Library database Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1961, 1974, 1985 and 1994 FIA inventories Western Oregon and Western Washington This study looked at the probability of forest and farmland being converted to urban uses as a function of socioeconomic, topographical and ownership characteristics Empirical model of land use change as classified in FIA inventory data. Used a probit distribution to project future changes in land use based on historical transitions Conversion will occur closer to population centers. Modest conversion rates for Western WA and OR, greatest rates on NIPF We developed an empirical model describing the probability that forests and farmland in western Oregon and western Washington were developed for residential, commercial, or industrial uses during a 30-year period, as a function of spatial socioeconomic variables, ownership, and geographic and physical land characteristics. The empirical model is based on a conceptual framework of landowners maximizing the present value of the future stream of net returns derived from various land uses. The empirical model is used to compute indices representing 50-year projections of future land use and timberland area change in western Oregon and western Washington for the Resource Planning Act assessment, and to identify counties in the study region where potential reductions in timberland area could be greatest. Results suggest that conversion of forest and farmland to urban uses will most likely occur on lands closer to existing population centers, and rate of conversion will increase with the size of those population centers. Relatively modest reductions in the area of timberland due to conversion to urban uses are projected for western Oregon and western Washington, with the greatest reductions occurring on nonindustrial private forest land. Growing human populations inevitably lead to the conversion of some forestlands to more intensive developed uses. Resulting landscape changes can influence long-term timber production possibilities, and affect the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat, outdoor recreation and open spaces that contribute to people’s quality of life. Anticipating the potential effects of forestland development can be important to formulating management and policy strategies that balance the multiple demands of society regarding land for development, resource production, and environmental protection. Previous research conducted in western Oregon has: 1) examined factors related to historical forestland development and projected future development; and 2) examined effects of forestland development on private forest management and investment activities. We briefly review these previous research efforts, and combine their resulting data and models to examine what projected forestland development might mean for private forestry in western Oregon over the next 50 years. The analysis draws together a broad body of recent research focused on western Oregon, to provide a context for discussing forestland development issues and their management and policy implications for the U.S. and abroad. Kline, J.D. and Ralph J. Alig. 2001. A spatial model of Goal 4 land use change for western Oregon and western Washington. Portland, Or. : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. RMRS no.PNW-RP-528. p. 24 SD11 .A4569 no.200217 Goal 4 Kline, J.D., and R.J. Alig. 2005. "Forestland development and private forestry with examples from Oregon (USA)." Forest policy and economics 7,: 709720. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Quantitative 1974, 1982, 1994 data Western Oregon west of Cascade crest. To combine land use change model with private forest development impact model to project future impacts on private forestry of future development. Use building counts and FIA data spatial land use change model to project future effects. Forestland development will cause modest decline in some harvesting activities, but that forestland development alone is unlikely to reduce private timber production in the future. Kline, J.D., Moses, A., Lettman, G.J. and D.L. Azuma. Goal 4 2007. Modeling forest and range land development in rural locations, with examples from Eastern Oregon. Landscape and Urban Planning, 80: 320-332. Low relevance Other Journal yes Not used Quantitative 1968 to 2001 INLAS and Wallowa, Union and Umatila counties Project future development on rangeland and forestland for the purpose of informing fire prediction models. Modeling based on past changes in building densities observed from aerial photographs. Projection of future building densities based on slope, elevation, land use zoning and other factors. No significant change because model based on past trajectories and modest population growth. Suggested the limitations of this modeling framework in this context due to the low rates of change in the past. Lettman G., Azuma, D., Birch, K., Herstrom, A., Kline, Goal 4 J. 2002. Land Use Change on Non-Federal Land in Western Oregon 1973-2000. USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Oregon Department of Forestry. May. Lettman, G., Azuma, D., Birch, K., Herstrom, A. 2004. Goal 4 Land Use Change on Non-Federal Land in Eastern Oregon 1975-2001 . USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program, Pacific Northwest Research Station, and the Oregon Department of Forestry. August. Lorenson. Oregon's Choices: Forestland Use Changes. Presentation to the Big Look Task Force Goal 4 Low relevance Other Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1973, 1982, 1994, 2000 Oregon west of the Cascade Crest 1) changes in the distribution of land across dominant land use classes over time; 2) development patterns occurring within dominant land uses and planned land use zones; and 3) effects that land use changes are having on forest management practices. This report addresses only non-Federal lands within eastern Oregon, focusing on three key land use issues: 1) changes in dominant land uses over time; 2) current development patterns; and 3) recent changes in forest land ownership patterns. NA Aerial photographs are analyzed for building counts and a dominant land use class is assigned. These counts are then compared across several time periods to elucidate temporal trends Large majority (65%) of the land zoned for forest use is still free of effects of development. Rates of change dropped in the second period from the first (1982-94 compared to 1973-82). The risks that wildfires pose for homes and other structures are a major concern of public lands policy and management. Development of private forest and range lands also can have landscape-level implications for public lands, if accompanying changes in private forest owner behavior effect changes in ecological conditions and processes and in wildfire. We characterized the spatial distribution of forest and range land development in three regions of eastern Oregon, USA, including the Interior Northwest Landscape Analysis System (INLAS) study area, to facilitate examining forest and fuel management alternatives to address wildfire and other forest health issues. We developed empirical models describing the spatial distribution of buildings and the construction of new buildings in each region, as a function of population, existing building densities, slope, elevation, and land-use zoning.We used the empirical models to create geographic information system maps of predicted future building densities on forest and range lands to support vegetation, wildfire, and terrestrial and aquatic habitat analyses. Model predictions suggest that future forest and range land development could be relatively limited within the INLAS study area. The results raise conceptual and methodological questions about how best to anticipate future development in rural locations beyond examining and projecting historical trends alone. Low relevance Other Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1975-2001 Oregon east of the Cascade Crest Aerial photographs are analyzed for building counts and a dominant land use class is assigned. These counts are then compared across several time periods to elucidate temporal trends There was a reduction in the rate of conversion following full implementation of the land use planning system in 1986. More land classified as developable was converted than land classified as Patterns of development were already largely resource Low Relevance Other Other no Not used NA NA NA NA confined to lands later classified as developable even before the implementation of the land use planning system. Powerpoint presentation summarizing other studies. Moore, T. 1999. Growth and its impacts in Oregon: A Goal 4 report from Governor Kitzhaber's task force on Growth in Oregon. ECO Northwest, Eugene, OR. Low relevance Other State agency report No Source of evidence Both 1982 to 1996 (For the Oregon data that was pertinent) Report on the ways growth has impacted Oregon and the ways it might in the future. Analysis of existing data from USDA, the State, Counties, Cities etc. Forestland has been lost, but not significantly faster or slower than elsewhere in the West. Tightening of rules in 1993 and 1994 reduced the number of dwellings approved each year on forest land. This data comes from a report published by 1000 friends. Growth management, like all public policy, is ultimately about getting agreement on some painful and complicated tradeoffs. This study is intended to help clarify what those tradeoffs are. The study’s purpose is not to determine whether growth is good or bad. Rather, it provides a descriptive analysis of both positive and negative impacts of growth, and provides an overview at the state level that is illustrated by local examples. The technical focus of this study is on existing studies of growth and growth management, particularly recent studies and those done in Oregon. The Task Force appointed by the Governor to help review and develop the products of this study met six times between April and December of 1998. Interested organizations and members of the general pubic had opportunities to participate in addition to testimony at Task Force meetings. All interim material produced for the Task Force was also sent to anyone requesting it. People commented by letter, phone, e-mail, or fax. This report starts with a framework for evaluating the impacts of growth, and then covers growth trends in Oregon, the impacts of Someone needs to check citation format. This had growth, and policies that can affect growth and its impacts. It ends with conclusions from the Task Force about future policy direction at the state and local level. some interesting data quoted, not sources Many states in the United States are attempting to manage urban growth so that development is directed to urban areas equipped to accommodate development, and rural lands are preserved for resource and other nonurban uses. Oregon leads the nation in growth-management experience. This article assesses the effectiveness of state urban-growth-management and ruralland-preservation policies as they are implemented by city of Medford and Jackson County, Ore., (the Medford metropolitan statistical area). Medford and Jackson County are fastgrowing jurisdictions that receive considerable migration from California, which abuts their southern borders. Using primary data collection and analysis, urbangrowth- management and resource-landpreservation efforts administered by county and the city governments appear to be somewhat effective in directing development into urban areas, but development continues to occur on resource lands. Moreover, development of some urban land is occurring in patterns that may ultimately lead to faster conversions of rural land than policies otherwise intend. These issues and policy implications are discussed. Many states in the United States attempt to manage urban growth so that development is directed to urban areas equipped to accommodate development and rural lands are preserved for resource and other non-urban uses. Oregon is entering its third decade of what many commentators describe as the nation's most aggressive urban growth management program administered statewlde. This article reports a recent evaluation of the effectiveness of state urban growth management policies as they are Implemented in four urban areas. The study is the first of its kind to assess development patterns associated with administration of statewide growth management policies by local governments. Using primary data collection and analysis, effectiveness of urban growth management and resource land preservation efforts Is found to be mixed. In some situations, administration does not appear to be effectively directing development into urban growth boundaries and away from resource lands. In other situations, administration appears to be quite effective. Problems with administration are found in all situations. This article offers two generalizable outcomes. The first is a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of any given urban growth management program to effect desired development patterns. The second is a specific set of policy lessons learned by Oregon in its effort to create definable, compact urban centers and preserve resource land for non-urban uses. Moore, T. and Nelson A.C. 1994. Lessons for effective Goal 4 urban-containment and resource-land- preservation policy. Journal of Urban Planning & Development ASCE 120, no.4 (1994) p. 157-171 S622 .S5 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Both 1985-1989 City of Medford and Jackson County Examine whether the UGB is working for containing urbanization and protecting resource lands, and to look at how local governments are implementing state policy Analysis of development data from City and County 27% of development happened outside UGB, and 45% of units built in urban fringe were built on resource lands. Does not differentiate the type of resource land. Goal 4 Nelson, A.C and Moore, T. 1996. Assessing growth management policy implementation: case study of the United States' leading growth management state. Land Use Policy 13, no.4 (1996) p. 241-259 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Both 1985-1989 Portland, Bend, Examine whether the UGB is working for containing urbanization Brookings and Medford and protecting resource lands, and to look at how local areas. governments are implementing state policy Analysis of development data from City and County UGBs are implemented differently between local jurisdictions, and this has varying effects on the containment of development to non-resource lands Pease, J.R. 1994. Oregon rural land use: Policy and Practices. In Abbot, C., D. Howe, and S. Adler. 1994. Planning the Oregon Way: A twenty year evaluation. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press. Goal 4 Low relevance Other Book Yes Source of evidence Both NA NA Low Relevance because it does not differentiate types of resource lands. Interesting because it shows differential effectiveness of UGB in preventing development on resource lands. This chapter summarized other studies that had been done to look at effectiveness of land use planning system. This chapter critiqued assumptions underlying the planning system, and provided new research directions. To estimate the overall effect of local land use regulations on land Theoretical land use conversion model was developed from development economic theories on uncertainty in returns from different land uses, couple with empiral analysis using NRI data Oregon comes in second to Washington for reducing the supply of developable land. Goal 4 Wu, J. and Cho, S.-H. 2007. The effect of local land use regulations on urban development in the Western United States. Regional Science and Urban Economics 37, no.1 p. 69-86 Low relevance Library database Journal Yes Source of evidence Both 1982 to 1997 Oregon, Washington, California, Nevada, Idaho This paper estimates the effect of local land use regulations on land development in five western states of the United States (California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington). Results suggest that local land use regulations reduced the total supply of developed land by 10% in the five western states between 1982 and 1997, with the largest percent reduction in Washington Forestry included in data set and model, but no (13.0%), followed by Oregon (12.6%), California (9.5%), Idaho (4.7%), and Nevada (2.8%). Land development was more likely results on forests or forestry were given. Could be to occur in areas with high uncertainty about net returns to farmland and low uncertainty about net returns to developed land. available from authors? Zheng, Daolan., and Ralph J. Alig. 1999. "Changes in Goal 4 the non-federal land base involving forestry in western Oregon, 1961-94 / Daolan Zheng and Ralph J. Alig." In Research paper PNW ; RP-518 Portland, Or. (333 S.W. First Ave., Portland 97208-3890) : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [1999], 1999. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Abbott C. 1998. Planning the Oregon Way: A quarter century of growth management. Renewable Resources Journal 16, no.3 (1998) p. 14-19 Ames S. and Stiven M.F. 1999.Oregon planners' dialogue on the future of planning. Planning Advisory Service Memo no. JULY. Overall program Low relevance Library database Federal agency No report Source of evidence Quantitative 1961-1994 Western Oregon To examine the change in land uses on forest lands. Categorization of field plot points and aerial photographs. Highest conversion rates occurred in the mid 60s to mid 70s. Conversion rates slowed in the 80s and further in the 90s. Temporal and spatial analyses of land use changes on non-Federal lands in western Oregon between 1961 and 1994 were conducted. Two distinct changes in the region were a loss of forest lands and an increase in urban areas. Neither the rates of change over time nor the spatial distribution of land converted to urban use was evenly distributed in the region. The influence of socioeconomic factors, such as ownership, population growth, and personal income, as well as physical factors of land such as slope and location, on land use changes also was examined. Good data on land use change, similar to Lettman Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Discusses planning program as a whole, does not provide any specific information on forestlands Goal 4 Not relevant Other No Not used In all the retrospectives and congratulations, however, it's interesting to note what's been said about those people most responsible for the success of statewide planning in Oregon. We're talking about the hundreds of planners throughout the state who, on a daily basis, have made Oregon's planning system work. The truth is, not a lot has been written about them. Without all those planners, working either behind the counter or in front of the local planning commission, Oregon's planning system would not have gotten very far down the road. Planning in Oregon will face many new challenges in the future. Population in-migration, economic growth and new development, and continued sprawl pressures will, if anything, be greater than ever. At the same time, citizen frustration over growing traffic snarls and urban congestion, backlash against public investment in infrastructure, and unbridled anti-government sentiment won't make things easier. Once again, planners on the front line will make or break planning's success. So, the question is, what do they think about planning-where it's been and where it's going. Rejected based on abstract Anderson, E.W. 1991. Innovations in coordinated resource management planning. Journal of soil and water conservation 46 (6): 411-414. Aoki, K., Briscoe K., and Hovland B. 2005. Trading spaces: Measure 37, Macpherson v. Department of Administrative Services, and Transferable Development Rights as a path out of deadlock. Journal of Environmental Law and Litigation 20, no.2 p. 273-328 Overall program Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used This article looked at the feasibility of a TDR program for Oregon in the context of M37. Not relevant Library database Journal Lead to a source Qualitative 1993 Oregon - Statewide To look at how state-level land use directives are translated into local government decisions and actions, and landowner land use decisions. They wanted to examine balance of power and knowledge sharing between local and state levels Semi-structured interviews Evaluations of centralized growth management systems have tended to focus on descriptions of the technical and structural elements of different programs (DeGrove 1989). Missing from the literature are assessments of the implementation aspects of various programs, and, more specifically, the impacts of these centralized programs, especially state level programs, on local government behavior and land-use decisions. This research uses the state of Oregon, the state with one of the oldest and most well known statewide growth management programs, as a case study to look at the real influence of state level policies on local decisions. It examines the practice of local decision making and the de facto balance of power between the state and local levels. The research illuminates significant aspects of Oregon’s governance structure with the expectation that lessons can be learned for designing a governance framework that maximizes the special expertise of both state and local levels of government. Goal 4 Armstrong, TD, and Jacobs HM. 1996. Centralized growth management policy and local land-use decision making: Learning from Oregon's experience. JOURNAL OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION Volume: 51 Issue: 4 Pages: 285-287 Ashley, R. F. Plassmann and N. Tideman. 1999. Improving the Accuracy of Downtown Land Assessments. Working Paper. Bateson, C. and Dilworth, J. R. 1971. Planning Oregon's future: past and prospective. Land use planning and zoning p. 13-20. Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Other No Not used Title does not sound relevant Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Published in 1971, not read because land use planning system not in place yet. This chapter does provide historical perspective on the climate surrounding implementation of SB 10 and SB 11 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal yes Quantitative Pre-1850s to 1990s, projected to 2050 Willamette River Basin Modeled land use transitions on agricultural lands based on three Modeling based on trajectories from the past. Historical alternative scenarios to address how agricultural land amount recontruction. Nested models at different temporal scales. changes Of interest here, they found net loss of farmland in all scenarios. Least under Plan scenario, most under Development scenario Alternative-futures analysis was used to analyze different scenarios of future growth patterns and attendant resource allocations on the agricultural system of Oregon's Willamette River Basin. A stakeholder, group formulated three policy alternatives: a continuation of current trends, an increased reliance on market forces to determine land use,, and an increased emphasis on environmental restoration programs. To model the alternative scenarios first required the development of a spatial representation of the current agricultural system. Next, rules and constraints based on the three policy scenarios were formulated. Then a spatially explicit, multi-attribute, decision-making model was used to model changes in agricultural land cover and land use. This procedure generated three future landscapes, each depicting an alternative state of the agricultural system in the year 2050. Finally, the agronomic and environmental condition of each agricultural system was evaluated by using landscape metrics and screening models. The results show that the type and amount of farmland conversion were the scenario elements that most distinguished the future agricultural landscapes. By continuing current land use policies, nearly all of the existing farmland was conserved for future agricultural use, while both the market-driven and environmental restoration scenarios converted. 15% or more of the agricultural land to other uses. The use of farmland for vegetation restoration activities was particularly successful in Berger PA and Bolte JP. 2004. Evaluating the impact of policy options on agricultural landscapes: An alternative-futures approach. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS Volume: 14 Issue: 2 Pages: 342-354 Bernhardt L.D. 1988. The growth of non-commercial farming in Oregon's Willamette Valley: assessing impact on commercial agriculture. M.Sc. thesis Goal 4 Not relevant Thesis/Disserta No tion Not used Rejected based on title Broshot, Nancy E. . 2007. "The influence of urbanization on forest stand dynamics in Northwestern Oregon [electronic resource]." Urban ecosystems 10,: 285-298. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal yes Quantitative Forest Park, Portland, OR Forest stand structure in relation to distance to urbanizing areas Brumback, B.C. 1989. "Oregon: balancing growth Goal 4 and conservation with mandatory statewide planning." In Plowing the urban fringe : an assessment of alternative approaches to farmland preservation / [edited by Hal Hiemstra, Nancy Bushwick] , 49-65. Fort Lauderdale, Florida : FAU/FIU, Joint Center for Environmental and Urban Problems, c1989, 1989. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Library database Book Yes Not used No useful discussion of forestland. Buckland, J.G. 1986. Growth management: two county approaches in the Pacific Northwest. Journal of soil and water conservation 41(6): 383-385. Carruthers JI. 2002. The impacts of state growth management programmes: A comparative analysis. Source: URBAN STUDIES Volume: 39 Issue: 11 Pages: 1959-1982 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Not used Qualitative Compares and contrasts planning in Multnomah and King Counties. Discusses farmland but not forestland. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Quantitative This paper examines the Hinpact that alternative state planning frameworks have on five dimensions of urban development: density, the spatial extent of urbanised land area, property value, public expenditures on infrastructure and population change. The objectives of the analysis are threefold. First, the background discussion provides a brief overview of urban sprawl as a public policy problem and outlines how state growth management programmes attempt to respond to it. Secondly, the empirical analysis examines the effects of growth management in a cross-section of metropolitan counties during the 1982-97 time-period. The five outcome measures are modelled in a simultaneous equations framework in order to test several specific hypotheses about how state land-use policies affect the character of urban growth. Thirdly, the results of the empirical analysis are described within the context of previous research on the effectiveness of growth management. The findings suggest that state growth management programmes with strong consistency requirements and enforcement mechanisms hold much promise for reducing urban sprawl, while programmes that do not require consistency and/or have weak enforcement mechanisms may inadvertently contribute to it. Coughlin, Robert E. 1981. State standards and local Goal 4 planning regulation for farmland preservation in Oregon. Amherst, Mass. : Regional Science Research Institute, 1981. Dane, C.W., N.C. Meador, J.B.White 1977. Goal programing in land use planning. Journal of forestry 75 (6): 325-329. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Federal agency no report Not used Only deals with Goal 3 Not relevant Library database Journal yes Not used This pertains to planning for the national forest, and does not address land use planning for the state as a whole. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used The land-use planning process on the Mount Hood National Forest involves nine steps designed to identify needs, determine the complex interaction of effects from fulfilling these needs, and providing a means by which decisionmakers can see the tradeoffs required to achieve the various levels of need satisfaction. Goal programming, a variation of linear programming, has been experimentally used to assist in this process. Goal 4 Daniels TL and A.C. Nelson. 1986. Is Oregon Farmland Perservation Program Working. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION 52 : 22 1986 Daniels, T. 1999. When City and Country Collide: Managing Growth in the Metropolitan Fringe. Washington,DC: Island Press. Goal 4 Not relevant Other Book Yes Not used Both This article talks about changes in farm size and number in Oregon. It does not include forestry in the definition of farmland (see Note 2) Obtained from Cho et al. 2005 --- One section of one chapter on forestland preservation programs outside urban areas, and it did not address whether or not Oregon's system worked, only that Oregon had one in place. Daniels, T.L. 1986. "Hobby farming in America: Rural Goal 4 development or threat to commercial agriculture?." Journal of rural studies 2, no. 1: 31-40. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used This article only deals with hobby farms and agricultural products. Does not include timber in definition of farm. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Discusses the use of public money to purchase development rights to privately held land as a way to preserve agricultural land and open space. Search for effective techniques to maintain land in agricultural use; Advantages and disadvantages of Discusses purchase of development rights, but focuses primarily on farmland. Used Adobe search purchasing development rights to preserve farmland and open space; Other state farmland protection and growth management efforts. to search for "forestland" and "forest land" and found only one match, and it did not pertain to Oregon. Does discuss Oregon and EFU zoning. Not relevant Other Book Yes Not used Daniels, Thomas L. 1991. The purchase of development rights: preserving agricultural land and open space. Journal of the American Planning Association , vol. 57, pp. 421-431. Goal 4 DeGrove, J.M. and D.A. Miness. 1992. Planning and Goal 4 growth management in the states. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Goal 4 Degrove, J.M. and N.E. Stroud. 1987. "State Land planning and regulation: Innovative roles in the 1980's and beyond." Land Use Law March: 3-8. Goal 4 DeGrove, J.M. Planning policy and politics: Smart growth and the states. 2005. Cambridge MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Goal 4 Douglas, C.L. Jr., Rickman, R.W., Zuzel, J.F., and B.L. Klepper. 1988. "Criteria for delineation of agronomic zones in the Pacific Northwest." Journal of soil and water conservation 43, no. 5: 415-418. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Duncan M.L. 1987. Agriculture as a resource: statewide land use programs for the preservation of farmland. Ecology Law Quarterly 14, no.3 p. 401-483 Only discussed the Portland metro area, did not address forestland. Not relevant Other Journal Yes Not used General information, nothing to add in terms of forestland. Not relevant Other database Book Yes Lead to a source Good narrative history of the politics surrounding land use system. No direct info on forestlands. Good bibliography of gray literature, especially agency and advocacy group lit Not relevant Library database Journal Unclear Not used Rejected based on title. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Einsweiler, RC. 1994. PLANNING OREGON WAY Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Book Yes Not used Only discusses farmland A very comprehensive theoretical review of planning strategies, but does not address the question of whether or not the system has preserved forest land. During the 15 years after 1982, the developed area of the U.S. grew by more than a third. In addition, developed regions became less densely populated—inevitably resulting in a loss of crop and grazing lands, forest cover and wetlands across the nation. Between 1960 and 1990, nearly all state governments responded to these land use trends by enacting statutes and constitutional amendments mandating current use, or use-value, assessment of certain categories of rural lands for tax purposes. This form of property assessment was intended to reduce financial pressures to develop rural parcels in the face of escalating market values. This paper seeks to explore whether current use assessment can protect rural lands from development, surveys the actual penalties operative in the various states during 2002, and speculates about which states are more likely to have effective land preservation programs. Goal 4 England, R.W. 2002. Current-Use Property Assessment and Land Development (Working Paper) A Theoretical and Empirical Review of Development Penalties Not relevant Other database Other Unclear Not used Rejected based on title. (LILP KW=Oregon) Goal 4 Fischel, W.A. 1990. Do growth controls matter?: A review of empirical evidence on the effectiveness and efficiency of local government land use regulation. Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Not relevant Other Other Yes Not used Quantitative This publication dealt primarily with hedonic pricing and the effects of zoning. It did not explicitly address Oregon or Forestlands. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Furuseth OJ. 1980. The Oregon agricultural protection program - a review and assessment. NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL 20 : 603 1980 Furuseth OJ. 1981. Update on Oregon Agricultural Protection Program - a land use perspective. NATURAL RESOURCES JOURNAL 21 : 57 1981 Goal 4 Focused only on Goal 3 land Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Focused only on Goal 3 land Furuseth, O.J. 1979. The structure of agricultural land Goal 4 conversion in Washington County, Oregon. Journal of soil and water conservation 34 (3):138-140. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative 1963-1973 This study only looked at conversion from 1963 to 1973. A study of the characteristics and type of agricultural land undergoing transformation to urban uses in Washington County, Oregon, showed that land conversion processes affected all categories of agricultural land uses. Higher quality agricultural [lands] were a primary target of land transformation activities. The land conversion data [, which] where collected at low cost, indicate that agricultural operations and urban land [uses are] competing for the same higher quality portion of the soil resource base. [Parts in brackets are guess at language, the scan of the article was cut off.] Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used G. F. Wilhere;M. J. Linders;B. L. Cosentino. 2007 . Defining alternative futures and projecting their effects on the spatial distribution of wildlife habitats . Landscape and Urban Planning , 79 ( 5-Mar ): 385-400 Gedney, D.R. 1981. Change in area and ownership of Goal 4 private timberland in western Oregon between 196162 and 1973-76 . USDA Forest Service resource bulletin PNW - United States, Pacific Northwest Forest and Range Experiment Station. Goal 4 Good, JW. 1994. Shore protection policy and practices in Oregon: An evaluation of implementation success. Coastal Management 22(4): 325-352. Not relevant Library database Federal agency No report Not used Quantitative 1961 to 1976 Western Oregon Examine changes in forest use and ownership between two inventory samplings This study had two purposes: (1) to inform a public process that would propose land use zoning for the Chico Creek Watershed in Washington State, USA and (2) to develop and demonstrate the use of readily accessible analytical tools and data for similar public processes across Washington. Three development alternatives (Planned Trend, Moderate, and Conservation) were designed by local citizens and county planners. We created artificial landscapes that depicted how land use zoning and land management practices would effect the spatial distribution of vegetation types. Wildlife-habitat relationship models were constructed for nine focal species. Using computer software known as HABSCAPES, the spatial distributions of habitats were mapped for each species. Under all alternatives the amount of forest vegetation decreased but the amount of mature conifer forest increased relative to current conditions. The relative habitat area index was 0.75, 0.69, 0.71, and 0.71 for the current condition, Planned Trend, Moderate, and Conservation alternatives, respectively. For six species, all future alternatives resulted in less habitat than the current condition, but for three species, all future alternatives resulted in more habitat. When species Rejected based on Abstract - only discusses status was used to weight outcomes, the moderate alternative provided slightly more conservation benefit than the conservation Washington alternative. Lessons learned about public land use planning processes are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. A reinventory in 1973-76 of permanent inventory plots established in 1961-62 on western Oregon's forest industry and other There is no mention of Oregon's land use planning private timberland provides data,by ownershiaof timberland losses to nonforest land uses and changes in private ownership of system, and the second plot date range falls right timberland between inventories. at the beginning of the implementation, and thus does not speak to changes. Could be used as a source for baseline. Not relevant Library database Journal Oregon's public beaches and adjacent developed and undeveloped dunes and bluffs experience erosion and other hazards due to winter storm waves, weathering, and geologic instability. In privately owned developed areas, the typical hazard response is to install a hard shore protection structure, leading some to question the effectiveness of policies that were designed to discourage such structures. An evaluation of shore protection and land use policy implementation was undertaken using a geographic information system to analyze outcomes of policy decisions within the Siletz littoral cell on the central Oregon coast. Study results, detailed in this article, found that policies designed to mitigate hazards, control upland development, and protect the beach are often ineffective. Based on this analysis, Oregon's ocean shore protection management regime needs an overhaul. Such a process is now underway under the aegis of the 1990 amendments to the federal Coastal Zone Management Act. Gustafson, G.C., Daniels, T.L., and Shirack, R.P. 1982. The Oregon Land Use Act - implications for farmland and open space protection. Journal, American Planning Association 48, no.3 p. 365-373 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Discusses the overall program, but does not provide any information on forestlands, only farm. Habron, G.B. 2004. Adoption of conservation practices by agricultural landowners in three Oregon watersheds. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 59, no.3 p. 109-115 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal no In 1973, Oregon adopted a statewide comprehensive land use management program. It represents an important new approach in land use control and merits careful consideration and examination by land use analysts, policy makers, and the public. By providing statewide standards for land use planning and implementation carried out through an ongoing local administrative process, an important state land use management role has been established and, many argue, without a substantial erosion of local flexibilty. Rural land use management, particularly farmland protection, is an important component of the Oregon program. The combination of state mandated, locally implementedurban growth boundary designations and exclusive farm use zoning represents a unique case in farmland protection policy. The performance of the program is evaluated, and economic trade-off in the selection of minimum lot size standards are discussed. This program offers the promise of substantially improving rural land use management in Oregon at a modest cost to the public sector. Examined what factors led people to engage in conservation activities. Not relevant to forestland, only ag land. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative Simulation We used a new model, STANDCARB, to examine effects of various treatments on carbon (C) pools in the Pacific Northwest forest sector. Simulation experiments, with five replicates of each treatment, were used to investigate the effects of initial conditions, tree establishment rates, rotation length, tree utilization level, and slash burning on ecosystem and forest products C stores. The forest examined was typical of the Cascades of Oregon and dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg). Simulations were run until a C steady state was reached at the landscape level, and results were rescaled relative to the potential maximum C stored in a landscape. Simulation experiments indicated agricultural fields stored the least (15% of the maximum) and forests protected from fire stored the greatest amount (93% of the maximum) of landscape-level C. Conversion of old-growth forests to any other management or disturbance regime resulted in a net loss of C, whereas conversion of agricultural systems to forest systems had the opposite effect. The three factors, in order of increasing importance, most crucial in developing an optimum C storage system were (i) rotation length, (ii) amount of live mass harvested, and (iii) amount of detritus removed by slash burning. Carbon stores increased as rotation length increased but decreased as fraction of trees harvested and detritus removed increased. Simulations indicate partial harvest and minimal fire use may provide as many forest products as the traditional clearcut – broadcast-burn system while increasing C stores. Therefore, an adequate supply of wood products may not be incompatible with a system that increases C stores Harmon, M.E., and B. Marks. "Effects of silvicultural Goal 4 practices on carbon stores in Douglas-fir--western hemlock forests in the Pacific Northwest, U.S.A.: results from a simulation model." Canadian journal of forest research 32, no. 5 (May 2002): 863-877. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Reports the results of a simulation experiment to investigate the effects of different management strategies on carbon stores. Not applicable at all. Harris, Tiff. 1980. "Federal land use policy : improving Goal 4 citizen participation : report of accomplishments / submitted by Tiff Harris, Lucia Malin." . [Oregon] : Oregon State University Extension Service, [1980], 1980. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Harvey T. and Works M.A. (2002. Urban sprawl and rural landscapes: Perceptions of landscape as amenity in Portland, Oregon. Local Environment 7(4):381-396. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database University report Unclear Not used Could not find source document, but found summary of the project. It dealt with public participation in federal land management, and thus does not address the issue of land use regulation. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Both In the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan region, an urban growth boundary (UGB) was established in 1979 to protect farm and forest lands from urban encroachment. Most of the literature on the impact of Oregon's land-use legislation has been on the urban side of the issue-primarily the relative success Portland has had in containing urban sprawl. The landscape component of this rural transformation is typically considered only as a passive backdrop to urban expansion. Portland provides an excellent site to examine the relationship city-dwellers have to nearby agricultural areas. Rapid urban growth in the 1990s pushed suburban development to the edge of the UGB creating stark contrasts between urban and rural land uses in parts of the Mentions forests, but focuses solely on agricultural metropolitan area. This study examines the impact of the UGB on rural landscape change' in Portland. We combine findings lands. Discusses efficacy of UGBs in constraining from land-use analysis and surveys of urban and rural residents to suggest ways to merge the amenity values of landscape with development of ag lands, and looks at perceptions planning policy regarding the UGB. of those along the boundary. Hovee, 2007. Oregon Forest sector contributions and Goal 4 potential. Presentation to the Big Look Task Force Howell-Moroney M. 2007. Studying the effects of the Goal 4 intensity of US state growth management approaches on land development outcomes. URBAN STUDIES 44 (11): 2163-2178. Not relevant Other Other No Powerpoint presentation, no new leads. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Driven by negative externalities from suburban sprawl, many states in the US have adopted comprehensive growth management legislation in an effort to regulate land development more directly. Most extant scholarship evaluating the effects of growth management programmes employs a design that averages growth management's effect across all of the growth management states. Yet, this approach largely ignores descriptive analyses of individual state growth management approaches which show large variation in both the methods and intensity of means by which states manage growth. This paper seeks to ascertain if differences in growth management intensity yield different evaluative outcomes. Analysis of panel data for nine growth management states using fixed effects regressions, across eight different model specifications, shows that only states with the strongest growth management intensity experience consistent success at reducing the expansion of urban land and increasing population densities. Oregon state law requires each county in the state to identify agricultural land and enact policies and regulationsto protect agricultural land use. State guidelines encourage the preservation of large parcels of agricultural land and discourage partitioning of agricultural land and construction of nonfarm dwellings in agricultural areas. A land evaluation and site assessment (LESA) system was developed in Linn County to aid in the identification of agricultural land and provide assistance to decision makers concerning the relative merits of requests to partition existing parcels of agricultural land and ir.troduce nonagricultural uses While there has been sustained debate on the issue of provincial and state versus local government environmental planning, maintaining privately owned natural resources in the public interest is increasingly viewed as beyond the scope of local governments alone. This paper describes and compares province- and state-level mandates and options for local governments (i.e., city, county, or district) to regulate land uses of environmentally sensitive areas (ESAs) in British Columbia in Canada and in Washington and Oregon in the United States. We define ESAs as landscape elements or places that are vital to the long-term maintenance of biological diversity, soil, water, and other natural resources, especially as they relate to human health, safety, and welfare, both on-site and in a regional context. Underlying similarities are that all three jurisdictions legally express the need for land-use planning by local governments in managing ESAs. Although all three jurisdictions. exhibit similar problems in their attempt to accomplish this, ESA planning by local governments is an optional process in British Columbia and Washington but mandatory in Oregon. Furthermore, actual processes prescribed by each of the three jurisdictions are quite different. The information base upon which local regulation of privately held ESAs depends is variable, both within and between the provinceand statelevel jurisdictions. Other than for some specific water-related resources, standard definitions and inventory methods for Discusses how different growth management intensities change the type of urban development. Goal 4 Huddleston, J.H., J.R. Pease, W.G. Forrest, H.G. Hickerson, R.W. Langridge. 1987. Use of agricultural land evaluation and site assessment in Linn County, Oregon, USA. Environmental management 11(3):389405. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Jennings, M.D. 1989. Local government policies toward environmentally sensitive areas in British Columbia, Canada; Washington and Oregon, USA. Environmental management 13 (4): 443-453. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Deals primarily with differences between Oregon, Washington and BC, but only mentions Goal 5 and does not address forestland explicitly. Goal 4 Johnson, P.C. 1995. Land use planning in Douglas County, Oregon: state-mandated goals strive for rural land integrity. Small town 25(4): 12-17. Not relevant Library database Journal Unclear Not used Describes the implementation of zoning in Douglas County, but does not evaluate whether it's preserved forestland. Goal 4 Jorden D.A. and Hentrich M.A. 2003. Public participation is on the rise: A review of the changes in the notice and hearing requirements for the adoption and amendment of general plans and rezonings nationwide and in recent Arizona land use legislation. Natural Resources Journal 43, no.3 p. 865-885 Not relevant Journal Yes Not used The public's role in planning and zoning decisions traditionally has been limited to participation in a public hearing held a week or two after receiving notice of the proposed action. Although the receipt of notice and a public hearing meet due process requirements, they do not address the need for more public participation at the critical early stages of the proposed regulation. By the time the public has an opportunity to express concerns about the proposed plan amendment or rezoning, it is already in the final stages of consideration. Beginning with the adoption of the Oregon Planning Act of 1973, states have been [*866] changing their planning and zoning statutes to include requirements that municipalities adopt procedures to encourage early and continuous public participation. The American Planning Association's Growing Smart Legislative Guide-book continues this trend by emphasizing the need for public participation. This article is intended to give a broad overview of the state trend toward increasing public awareness and partici-pation in planning and zoning processes and will examine in more detail recent changes in Arizona's planning and zoning statutes. This article is about Arizona. Kartez, J.D. 1982. Affordable housing: a policy challenge for farmland preservation. Journal of soil and water conservation 37(3):137-140. Goal 4 Kline, J. D., and David L. Azuma. 2007. "Evaluating forest land development effects on private forestry in eastern Oregon / Jeffrey D. Kline and David L. Azuma." In Research paper PNW-RP-572 Portland, OR : U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, [2007], 2007. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Library database Journal Unclear Not used Rejected based on title. Only refers to forestland. Not relevant Library database Federal agency no report Quantitative 1987 to 1998 Eastern Oregon east of To test if the development of forestlands impacts the productivity the Cascade crest of remaining forests. Use building counts from aerial photography to capture land No measurable effect of development on private use change between two time periods. Determine if there is a forest productivity. correlation between those count changes and productivity recorded in Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Research suggests that forest land development can reduce the productivity of remaining forest land because private forest owners reduce their investments in forest management. We developed empirical models describing forest stocking, thinning, harvest, and postharvest tree planting in eastern Oregon, as functions of stand and site characteristics, ownership, and building densities. The models are based on USDA Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis data gathered in eastern Oregon in 1987 and 1998, and data describing building densities gathered by the Oregon Department of Forestry from aerial photographs taken over the same period. We used the models to examine the potential effects of population growth and development, as described by increasing building densities, on the likelihood that private forest owners maintain forest stocking, precommercially thin, harvest, and plant trees following harvest. Empirical results suggest that population growth and development have had no This could be useful to addressing one of the assumptions Pease raises in Planning the Oregon measurable effect on these activities in eastern Oregon during the period examined. Any development effects on private forest Way about the conflicting use impacts on forestry. management and investment so far are likely to be fairly localized. Could this address forest use? Kline, J.D., Azuma, D.L., and R.J. Alig. 2004. "Population growth, urban expansion, and private forestry in western Oregon." Forest science 50,: 3343. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Quantitative 1974, 1984, 1994 Western Oregon west FIA data. 1974, 1982 of Cascade crest. and 1994 ODF aerial photography To test if the development of forestlands impacts the productivity of remaining forests. Use building counts from aerial photography to capture land Evidence suggests that population growth and use change between two time periods. Determine if there is a development do negatively affect forest correlation between those count changes and productivity managmenet and investment on private forestland recorded in Forest Inventory and Analysis data. Private forestlands in the United States face increasing pressures from growing populations, resulting in greater numbers of people living in closer proximity to forests. What often is called the ―wildland/urban interface‖ is characterized by expansion of residential and other developed land uses onto forested landscapes in a manner that threatens forestlands as productive socioeconomic and ecological resources. Prevailing hypotheses suggest that such forestlands can become less productive, because forest owners reduce investments in forest management. We develop empirical models describing forest stocking, thinning, harvest, and tree planting in western Oregon, as functions of stand and site characteristics, ownership, and building densities. We use the models to examine the potential impacts of population growth and urban expansion, as described by increasing building densities, on the likelihood that forest owners maintain forest stocking, precommercial thin, harvest, and plant trees following harvest. Empirical results support the general conclusion that population growth and urban expansion are correlated with reduced forest management and investment on private forestlands in western Oregon (USA). Results have potential implications for both economic outputs and ecological conditions, as well as for wildfire risks at the wildland/urban interface. Kline, J.D., Moses, A., and R.J. Alig. 2001. "Integrating urbanization into landscape-level ecological assessments." Ecosystems (New York, N.Y.) Ecosystems 4, no. 1: 3-18. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Knaap, G.J. 1985. "The price effects of urban growth boundaries in metropolitan Portland, Oregon." Land economics 61, no. 1: 26-35. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Knaap, Gerrit and Arthur C. Nelson. 1992. The regulated landscape : lessons on state land use planning from Oregon. Cambridge, Mass. : Lincoln Institute of Land Policy. Knaap, Gerrit. 1987. Social Organization, Profit Cycles, and Statewide Land Use Controls: Welcome to Oregon -- Enjoy Your Visit. The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science 23(3):371-385. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal no Not used Discusses the effects of UGBs on prices of homes in Metro Portland, doesn't relate to forests. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Book Yes Not used Only address farmland preservation in Oregon Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Land use control in the US has in many places been elevated to higher, more extensive levels of government, causing considerable controversy as to whose interests such reform serves. A political-economic analysis of statewide land use controls is offered here, focusing on the land use program of Ore. Using official data based on the state's population characteristics, industries, & elections featuring referenda to repeal the land use statutes, it is suggested that statewide land use controls in Ore are supported by identifiable private interests: amenity-based industries, high-income professionals & technicians, & citizens in Ur areas. It is suggested how changes in the structure of Ore society -- reflecting the development of the state's economy -- led to the development of statewide land use controls. 4 Tables, 30 References. HA Goal 4 Knapp, G.J. and A.C. Nelson. 1988. The Effects of Regional Land Use Control in Oregon: A Theoretical and Empirical Review. The Review of Regional Studies 18(2): 37–46. Goal 4 Lawrence, Rick L. 1996. "Public involvement in natural resource decision making : goals, methodology, and evaluation / by Rick L. Lawrence, Steven E. Daniels." In Oregon State University. Forest Research Laboratory. Papers in forest policy ; 3 Corvallis, Or. : Forest Research Laboratory, Oregon State University, 1996., 1996. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Lee, Robert G., and Donald R. Field. 2005. "Communities and forests : where people meet the land / edited by Robert G. Lee and Donald R. Field." . Corvallis : Oregon State University Press, c2005., 2005. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Other Journal yes Not used Rejected based on Abstract. Obtained from Jaeger and Plantinga 2007; Not relevant - deals with effects of UGBs on land values, does not address the type of land, and focuses more on urban fringe. Not relevant Library database University report Yes Not used Didn't look at since title sounds irrelevant Not relevant Library database Book yes Not used Does not deal with land use in Oregon Leo, Christopher. 1998. Regional Growth Management Regime: Politics of Development in Portland, Oregon. International Sociological Association. Liberty, R. 1998. "Oregon's farmland protection program." In Performance of state programs for farmland retention : proceedings [of] a national conference, September 10 & 11, 1998, Columbus, Ohio , 49-72. [Columbus : Ohio State University, 1998], 1998. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Liberty, R.L. 1989. "Land use planning in Oregon: a maverick program comes of age." New alchemy quarterly , no. 36: 10-11. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Other no Not used Title does not sound relevant Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Proceedings Unclear Not used Only talks about Farmland Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal No Not used Does mention forestland conversion, but it's a qualitative description with no methods or sources cited. Written by 1000 Friends staff attorney Not relevant Library database Journal Not Used Goal 4 Lipow, S.R., Henderson, J.A., McCain, C., VanceBorland, K., and J.B. St. Clair. 2007. "In Situ Gene Conservation of Six Conifers in Western Washington and Oregon. [electronic resource]." Western journal of applied forestry 22,: 176-187. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Title does not sound relevant Lowe, Marcia D. 1992. Alternatives to Sprawl: Shaping Tomorrow's Cities. The Futurist 26(4):2834. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Not Used While only 10% of the world's population lived in cities in 1900, 50+% will do so by the year 2000. Because the physical evolution of each city has a substantial impact on human & environmental well-being within it, urban planning around the world is assessed. It is argued that all cities, whether industrialized or not, should attend far more closely to land use; a more rational approach to zoning can help ensure room enough for all. Since zoning can work in both newer & well-established cities, innovative urban land-use policies are considered. A case study is presented of land-use policies in Portland, OR. 9 Photographs. M. Maguire Discussed urban development and social justice issues Malin, L., and T.E. Bedell. 1980. "Federal Land Use Policy: improving citizen participation project--an overview." Special report - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University , no. 586: 42-44. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database University report No Not used Deals only with management of federal lands Marin, Mehmet C. 2007. Impacts of Urban Growth Boundary Versus Exclusive Farm Use Zoning on Agricultural Land Uses. Urban Affairs Review 43(2): 199-220. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Quantitative Only deals with agricultural land, not relevant because no explicity mention of forest land. McCann, Lluana (ed.). 1989. Oregon policy choices . Eugene, Ore. : Bureau of Governmental Research and Service, University of Oregon, c1989. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database University report Yes Not used Both This study compares net impacts of developmental potentials, externalities, and uncertainties associated with the urban growth boundary (UGB) with those of certainty and tax savings in the exclusive farm use (EFU) districts on land values in Portland, OR, using a hedonic Thunian econometric model. Using a geographic information systems-based data set of Christmas tree and horticultural farms, value effects of the urban growth boundary were found to vary by farm size, land use, and proximity to urban activities. The results suggested that proximity to negative externalities associated with urban activities had strong impacts on farming within the UGB. These impacts overweighed advantages associated with tax savings and increasing certainty within EFU districts. Key Words: UGB - EFU - farmland use - Thunian theory - externalities - tax savings. [Reprinted by permission of Sage Publications Inc., copyright 2007.] Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used McComb, B.C. ;T. A. Spies;K. A. Olsen. 2007 . Sustaining biodiversity in the Oregon Coast Range: Potential effects of forest policies in a multi-ownership province . Ecology and Society , 12 ( 2 ): McKinnis, D. 1974. Land use planning. Oregon agri- Goal 4 record 263: 12-13. September McLennan, J. 1974. Comprehensive planning in Oregon. Cry Calif 9(3): 33-40. Summer. Goal 4 The author declines to discuss private forestlands, focuses on policy choices for federal forest management To understand the potential effects of forest policies on sustaining biological diversity at broad scales, we used spatial simulation models to evaluate current and potential future habitat availability over 100 yr for three focal species: Pacific Fisher ( Martes pennanti), Pileated Woodpecker ( Dryocopus pileatus), and Warbling Vireo ( Vireo gilvus). The habitats of these species represent a broad range of spatial scales and forest types. Area of habitat for fishers and Pileated Woodpeckers is predicted to increase over time under current forest land management policies. Habitat for Warbling Vireos is predicted to decline. These patterns are consistent with past analyses that predicted declines in diverse early successional forests and hardwood forests and increases in late-successional forests under current and two alternative policies. Land ownership influenced the spatial arrangement of habitat for all three focal species. Public lands subsidized habitat for wide-ranging species on Discusses interactions of ownerships, but does not adjacent private lands. A land use policy that required greater green tree retention on private lands seemed to explicitly address the role of planning system in result in modest increases in habitat quality over 100 yr for Pileated Woodpeckers. Thinning of plantations on that interaction. federal lands had little effect on these focal species. Policy analyses such as these highlight incongruities Discusses proposed guidelines for planning for ag lands at the adoption of SB 100. Overview of the program and issues of coordinating efforts by various state agencies, but doesn't mention forestland. This article analyzes support for and opposition to state land-use planning in Oregon, using voting records from the 1976 referendum to repeal Oregon's regulatory legislation and survey data. Support for controlled growth legislation is found to be a product of both individual-level characteristics and characteristics of the larger community where one resides. The most influential contextual variables are the county's economy and the class composition of the city. Coastal zone managers must exercise caution when interpreting individual survey data which indicate support for various environmental concerns, and contextual differences must be taken into consideration. Not relevant Library database Other No Not used Not relevant Library database Journal No Not used Medler, J and Mushkatel, A. 1980. Support for Oregon Goal 4 Land-Use Planning: A Multi-Level Analysis. Coastal Zone Management Journal 8(1): 63-85. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Rejected based on Abstract Moore, T. and Nelson, AC. 1993. Case study of the effectiveness of coastal growth management in a growth management state. COASTAL MANAGEMENT Volume: 21 Issue: 3 Pages: 197-208 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Examine whether the UGB is working for containing urbanization and protecting resource lands, and to look at how local governments are implementing state policy Analysis of development data from City and County Found that implementation was not necessarily working for confining growth. Many states in the United States are attempting to manage growth in coastal areas so that development is directed to urban areas equipped to accommodate development, and coastal lands are preserved for resource and other nonurban uses. This article evaluates the effectiveness of state urban growth management and coastal land preservation policies as they are implemented by a fast growing coastal city and county. The City of Brookings and Curry County, Oregon, are the most populous and fastest growing county and city along the Southern Oregon coast. Based on primary data collection and analysis, coastal growth management efforts administered by the county and the city are not found to be effective in directing development into urban areas and away from coastal and resource rural lands. Policy implications are offered for all coastal communities involved in growth management. Does not differentiate the type of resource land. Murray, H., and L.M. Butler. 1994. "Whole farm case studies and focus groups: participatory strategies for agricultural research and education programs." American journal of alternative agriculture 9, no. 1/2: 38-44. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Discusses how to engage farmers and nonfarmers in extension programs Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used This study uses the hedonic-pricemethod to examine how environmental zoning and amenities are related to the price of singlefamily residential properties sold between 1999 and 2001 in Portland, Oregon. The impact of environmental zoning is found to vary with the type of environmental zoning and the property’s location. Amenities are found to influence a property’s sale price with the effect varying by amenity type and proximity. The net effect on a property’s sales price is dependent on the type of environmental zoning, location in the study area, amenities on the property, and amenities in the surrounding neighborhood. N. R. Netusil. 2005 . The effect of environmental zoning and amenities on property values: Portland, Oregon . Land Economics , 81 ( 2 ): 227-246 Nelson, AC and Moore T. 1993. Assessing urban growth management - the case of Portland, Oregon, the USA's largest urban growoth boundary. LAND USE POLICY Volume: 10 Issue: 4 Pages: 293302 Rejected based on Abstract Goal 4 Not relevant Journal Yes Not used Both Many states in the USA attempt to manage urban growth so that development is directed to urban areas equipped to accommodate development, and rural lands are preserved for resource and other non-urban uses. The state of Oregon is entering its third decade of what many commentators describe as the nation's most aggressive urban growth management programme administered statewide. This article reports a recent evaluation of the effectiveness of the state urban growth management policies as they are implemented by the metropolitan Portland area. The metropolitan Portland area contains the largest population, employment and land base within a single urban growth boundary in the USA. Using primary data collection Mentions forest lands, but does not examine them and analysis, the effectiveness of the urban growth management and resource land preservation effort is assessed. Nearly all regional development has been directed to the urban growth boundary and away from resource lands. Many problems with explicitly, or in a way that could answer review administration are found, however. Policy implications are suggested. question. It deals more with the effectiveness of the UGB in Portland. Nelson, A.C. 1992. Elements of effective state landuse planning policy. Journal of Urban Planning & Development - ASCE 118, no.3 p. 97-105 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Many states are changing their view of the role of local-government planning in achieving statewide interests in preserving the environment, economizing on capital facilities, and generally, in managing development patterns. The emerging view is that to be truly effective, state planning policy must mandate and enforce local-government planning consistent with state interests. In recent years such states as Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, and Oregon have implemented legislation mandating local-government planning consistent with state interests, and they have enforced such planning through a variety of means. Much can be learned from the effectiveness of these state planning policies. This paper begins with a review of the four epochs of state involvement in local-government land-use planning. Those epochs include: state enabling of local-government planning, state regulation of specific landscapes or development activities, mandated local-government planning without state-level enforcement, and mandated planning with state-level enforcement. States entering the last epoch achieve effective planning. The paper then reviews the critical elements of effective state land-use planning policy as evidenced by the fourth epoch. This article combines theory and a literature review with empirical and descriptive findings to demonstrate that Oregon's mix of policies is effective in preserving prime farmland in the face of urbanization. Exclusive farm use zones preserve farmland for farming; urban growth boundaries limit urban sprawl; exurban districts accommodate the demand for rural residential development without harming commercial farm operations; farm tax deferral and right-to-farm laws create incentives for farmers to keep farming; and comprehensive plans legitimize the entire package. This article proposes a comprehensive scheme for farmland preservation that expands on the experience of Oregon, including its mistakes. In 1973, Oregon adopted its Land Use Act. Florida adopted its Growth Management Acts during 1985 and 1986. Both Oregon and Florida aim to prevent urban sprawl, preserve farmland, improve accessibility, make transit a more viable option, reduce energy needs, and minimize tax burdens. Are they e!ective? Relative to a reasonably comparable state without growth management, Georgia, nearly all indicators developed in this study show that the growth-management e!orts of Florida and Oregon are e!ective. Policy implications are o!ered. Not relevant because it has to do with overal program, and doesn't address specifically forest resource conservation Nelson, A.C. 1992. Preserving prime farmland in the face of urbanization - lessons from Oregon. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION 58 : 467 1992 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Both Not used based on abstract. Article deals solely with agricultural land, not forest land Nelson, A.C. 1999. Comparing states with and without Goal 4 growth management analysis based on indicators with policy implications. Land Use Policy 16, no.2 (1999) p. 121-127 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Both Only deals with agricultural land, not relevant because no explicity mention of forest land. Oregon State Bar. Continuing Legal Education. 1994. Goal 4 "Land use." . Lake Oswego, Ore. : Oregon State Bar, Continuing Legal Education, 1994-, 1994. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Library database State agency report Oregon. Executive Dept. Local Government Relations Goal 4 Division. "Oregon land use package." . [Salem]. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Not relevant Library database State agency report No Not used This is a publication that deals with the legal aspects of land use, and it is not readily available, so I stopped looking for it. Could not easily find, and relevance is unlikely since it was published in 1973. Found it cited in one book, but could not find elsewhere. Updated citation is : Logan et al. 1973. "Oregon Land Use Package." Salem, Oregon: Local Government Relations Division. November Quantitative Pattie, P.S. 1974. Impacts of urban growth on local government costs and revenues: a guide for citizens concerned with land use planning . Spec Rep Oreg State Univ Agric Exp Stn (423). Pease J.R. 1982. Commercial farmland preservation in Oregon. GeoJournal 6, no.6 p. 547-553 Goal 4 Not relevant Library database University report No Not used Does not address forest land. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Oregon's agricultural' land preservation program emphasizes the importance of commercial agriculture to the state's economy. Statewide zoning requirements and farm use incentives are designed to protect commercial agriculture from fragmentation and conflcting uses. While the state has invested significant staff and funding commitments over nearly a decade, the program's long-term effectiveness still faces diffcult tests. Only focuses on commercial agriculture lands. Pease J.R. 1984. Collecting land use data ( Oregon). Goal 4 Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 39, no.6 p. 361364 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used This artcile dealt with a new method of data collection for making land use decisions. Pease, J.R. 1990. "Land use designation in rural areas: an Oregon case study." Journal of soil and water conservation 45, no. 5: 524-528. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Pease, J.R. 1991. Farm size and land-use policy: an Oregon case study. Environmental management 15(3):337-348. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Unclear Not used This study discussed the process of designating secondary lands in several counties in Oregon, and focused more on ag land. Did not address the primary review question. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Farmland conversion has become and important public policy issue in the United States and in many other countries. An important part of policy considerations in farmland protection programs is the minimum parcel size for farm-related land divisions and dwelling units. The rationale for establishing size thresholds varies considerably among jurisdictions. This article reviews the policies and criteria used in the United States and several other countries, discusses the policy implications of different types of objectives, and presents the results of a case study in Oregon. The case study was the first attempt by an Oregon county to articulate a set of measurable criteria to quantify a definition of commercial agriculture for land-use applications. The criteria and data base used in the model provide a systematic procedure to process permit applications in an objective, consistent manner. The ordinance was adopted in February 1968 and has worked successfully since that time. The article summarizes permit activity under the new ordinance and comments on its effectiveness Does not deal with forest land Pease, J.R. 1992. Farm size and land-use policy: An Oregon case study. Environmental Management 15(3) 337-348. Pease, J.R. and Jackson P.L. 1979. Farmland preservation in Oregon. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 34, no.6 p. 256-259 Pease, J.R., and M. Morgan. 1979. "Community growth management: performance zoning--an option for a small Oregon city." Oregon State University. Extension Service. Extension circular , no. 963. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Other Journal Yes Not used Rejected based on title. Only refers to forestland. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Does not deal with forest land Goal 4 Not relevant Library database University report Unclear Not used Does not deal with forest land Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used R. J. Alig;D. J. Lewis;J. J. Swenson. 2005 . Is forest fragmentation driven by the spatial configuration of land quality? The case of western Oregon . Forest Ecology and Management , 217 ( 3-Feb ): 266-274 Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal No Not Used Rejected based on Abstract We investigated spatial configuration of economic returns, to enhance models of forest fragmentation for western Oregon and western Washington. Drawing from spatial land rent theory, economic drivers of forest fragmentation at the landscape level include land quality comprised of attributes such as soil fertility or the distance of urban plots to amenities. We included the spatial configuration of land quality as independent variables in regressions for western Oregon. Results indicate that land quality fragmentation is a significant determinant of forest fragmentation. This holds both for a model using a forest fragmentation index composed of three fragmentation metrics, and separate models for each component or metric: percent non-forest, percent edge, and interspersion. Including land quality fragmentation as an explanatory variable increases the fit of the regressions by more when the dependent variable represents spatial pattern (e.g., percent edge) rather than aggregate land use (e.g., percent non-forest). Variables capturing the spatial configuration of soil quality improve the fit of all specifications and have some effect in terms of bias of other parameter estimates. Improved understanding of key determinants will aid in designing land conservation policies that provide a The objectives of this paper were to (1) analyze recent rates of transitions among forest cover types on private timberland, (2) identify differences by ownership class, and (3) project future changes under different scenarios related to current policy issues in the Pacific Northwest. Timber harvests are the dominant class of disturbance on private timberland in western Oregon and Washington. Net changes in forest type areas depend on the relative mix of natural and human-related forces. Transitions among forest types after harvest may be planned, as in conversion of red alder (Alnus rubra Song.) to the commercially preferred Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) franco.), or stochastic successional changes, such as reversion of disturbed areas to red alder in the absence of intervention. Projected areas of Douglas-fir and red alder were notably different under a scenario without harvests versus a scenario in which the rate of partial harvesting is increased. Areas of Douglas-fir were projected to increase under selected scenarios for both industrial and nonindustrial private ownerships. Conversely, areas of red alder are projected to decrease under selected scenarios and for both ownerships. Detailed mapping of geology-related development risks was completed for seven small, relatively remote communities along the northern Oregon coast in Clatsop and Tillamook counties. More than 45 previously unmapped, active landslides up to 2.0 km2 in area were mapped along one 15-km section of the 26 km of coastline studied. Additional geologic constraints to land use in the study area include marine erosion, ocean and estuarine flooding, wind erosion of dune areas, soil erosion, and, in one community , soil piping. Recommendations made on the basis of this mapping were incorporated into comprehensive land-use plans prepared by each community as required by the State of Oregon. The principal changes in land-use regulations in the area obtained from this investigation are the rezoning of large tracts of undeveloped land to better reflect geologic limitation, the requiring of site-specific studies by licensed geotechnical experts for developments proposed in certain hazardous areas, the adoption of Chapter 70 of the Uniform Building Code by several communities, and the addition of numerous special regulations on site preparation methods. This article shows that geologic data of sufficient detail can be effectively incorporated into local land-use plans when required by state law. This is facilitated when state and federal agencies provide good regional geologic Habitat loss and fragmentation are major threats to biodiversity. Establishing formal protected areas is one information and land-use planning guidelines. R. J. Alig;D. Zheng;T. A. Spies;B. J. Butler. 2000 . Forest cover dynamics in the Pacific Northwest west side: regional trends and projections . Usda Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station Research Paper , ( 522 ): 1-+ Ross, M.E. 1986. Coastal geologic hazards and land- Goal 4 use planning in northwestern Oregon. Environmental geology and water sciences 8(4): 221-227. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Does not deal with forest land Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used S. Polasky;E. Nelson;E. Lonsdorf;P. Fackler;A. Starfield. 2005 . Conserving species in a working landscape: Land use with biological and economic objectives . Ecological Applications , 15 ( 4 ): 1387-1401 Sanchez T.W. 2004. Land use and growth impacts from highway capacity increases. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 130, no.2 p. 75-82 means of conserving habitat, but socio-economic and political constraints limit the amount of land in such status. Addressing conservation issues on lands outside of formal protected areas is also necessary. In this paper we develop a spatially explicit model for analyzing the consequences of alternative land-use patterns on the persistence of various species and on market-oriented economic returns. The biological model uses habitat preferences, habitat area requirements, and dispersal ability for each species, to predict the probability of persistence of that species given a land-use pattern. The economic model uses characteristics of the land unit and location to predict the value of commodity production given a land-use pattern. We use the combined Doesn't address the question because it is looking biological and economic model to search for efficient land-use patterns in which the conservation outcome at it from the viewpoint of biodiversity. Since that cannot be improved without lowering the value of commodity production. We illustrate our methods with an is one of the fundamental goals, this does not help example that includes three alternative land uses, managed forestry, agriculture, and biological reserve answer the land use question. (protected area), for a modeled landscape whose physical, biological, and economic characteristics are based This analysis examines the historical relationship between land-use changes and the location of capacity-increasing highway projects in Oregon from 1970 to 1990. Aerial photography for 15 cities was used to delineate the extent of urban development for the 20-year time period. A geographic information system was used to assemble these data. A logit regression model tested the significance of geographic variables such as proximity to highway projects, land-use zoning classification, city size, and other spatial characteristics. The results suggest that for the 15 selected cities, the spatial measures performed well in predicting the location of urban development from 1970 to 1990. In addition, the results of the logit regression model indicated that, controlling Only dealt with relationship between highways and for other location factors, urban development impacts near state highway project corridors have produced a significant gradient development, use of rural/open space/agriculture of land-use change compared to the gradient for all highway facilities. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used land variable in model does not delineate forests. Goal 4 Sandrey, R.A. 1982. Determinants of Oregon farmland values: a pooled cross-sectional, time series analysis. Western journal of agricultural economics 7(2):211-220. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Only deals with agricultural land values Sands, T.G. 1987. "The urbanization of the Salt River Goal 4 Project." In Planning, operation, rehabilitation, and automation of irrigation water delivery systems : proceedings of a symposium / sponsored by the American Society of Civil Engineers; Portland, Oregon, July 28-30, 1987 , 370-377. New York, N.Y. : ASCE, c1987, 1987. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Proceedings Unclear Not used Rejected based on title - location is Arizona. Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used Sessions, J. ;D. Johnson;J. Ross;B. Sharer. 2000 . The Blodgett plan - An active-management approach to developing mature forest habitat . Journal of Forestry , 98 ( 12 ): 29-33 Sewell W.R.D. and Foster H.D.1980. Analysis of the United States experience in modifying land use to conserve energy. Environment Canada, Lands directorate, Working Paper 2 (1980) p. 192p Smith, C.L., Steel, B.S., List, P.C., and S. Cordray. 1995. "Making forest policy: integrating GIS with social processes." Journal of forestry 93, no. 5: 3136. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Rejected based on Abstract Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Other Unclear Not used A nonreserve-based landscape plan for developing mature forest habitat has been developed for the Blodgett Forest one of the research forest properties of Oregon State University. Intended to provide a study and demonstration site for an alternative to fixed reserves, the plan calls for efficiently achieving and maintaining both mature forest and income. The forest goals include a mature forest acreage target, a mature forest landscape connectivity goal, a conversion time goal,and a net income goal. Spatial issues required development of a new harvest scheduling algorithm. Rejected based on title Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Interesting but deals only with federal forest land and does not address land use planning system Goal 4 Song Y. and Knaap G.-J. 2004. Measuring urban form: Is Portland winning the war on sprawl? Journal of the American Planning Association 70, no.2 p. 210225 Not relevant Yes Not used Although many have written about urban sprawl, few have sought to measure it. In this article, we present several quantitative measures of urban form and compute these for neighborhoods of varying age in Washington County, the western portion of the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area. Our results suggest (1) neighborhoods in Washington County have increased in singlefamily dwelling unit density since the 1960s; (2) internal street connectivity and pedestrian access to commercial areas and bus stops have improved since the early 1990s; (3) external connectivity continues to decline; and (4) the mixing of land uses remains limited. We conclude that while several measures appear to be improving, Portland's war on sprawl is not yet won. Rejected based on title Goal 4 Stoltenberg, C.H. 1981. Oregon's experience with state land-use planning with particular reference to forestry. Proceedings of the Convention of the Society of American Foresters, 1980. p. 21-24. Not relevant Library database Proceedings No Not used This was a position piece (?) that was to serve as a caution to foresters in other states considering comprehensive planning. Not relevant Journal Yes Not used Sullivan E.J. 2007. Recent developments in comprehensive planning law. Urban Lawyer 39,no.3 (2007) p. 681-694 Swanson, S.R., and J.C. Buckhouse. 1984. "Soil and nitrogen loss from Oregon lands occupied by three subspecies of big sagebrush." Journal of range management 37, no. 4: 298-302. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Swanson, S.R., and J.C. Buckhouse. 1986. "Infiltration on Oregon lands occupied by three subspecies of big sagebrush." USDA Forest Service general technical report INT - Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station , no. 200: 286-291. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). T. A. Spies;K. N. Johnson. 2007 . Projecting forest policy and management effects across ownerships in Coastal Oregon . Ecological Applications , 17 ( 1 ): 4-Mar Goal 4 Deals primarily with court involvement in permitting decisions, and does not address Oregon forestlands. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Rejected based on Title. Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Federal agency No report Not used Rejected based on Title. Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used Overview of special feature. Go to the source Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used T. A. Spies;K. N. Johnson;K. M. Burnett;J. L. Ohmann;B. C. McComb;G. H. Reeves;P. Bettinger;J. D. Kline;B. Garber-Yonts. 2007 . Cumulative ecological and socioeconomic effects of forest policies in Coastal Oregon . Ecological Applications , 17 ( 1 ): 17-May Goal 4 United States. Congress. House. Committee on Resources. 2001. "Regarding the use of the trust land and resources of the Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon [microform] : report (to accompany H.R. 483)." In Report / 107th Congress, 1st session, House of Representatives ; 107-257 [Washington, D.C. : U.S. G.P.O., 2001], 2001. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Unknown. 1972. Planning future land use; the Public Goal 4 Land Law Commission report and its importance to Oregon. , Oreg Agr Exp Sta Spec Rep 349. February. Focuses on biodiversity and ecological components Not relevant Library database Federal agency No report Not Used Forest biodiversity policies in multi-ownership landscapes are typically developed in an uncoordinated fashion with little consideration of their interactions or possible unintended cumulative effects. We conducted an assessment of some of the ecological and socioeconomic effects of recently enacted forest management policies in the 2.3-million-ha Coast Range Physiographic Province of Oregon. This mountainous area of conifer and hardwood forests includes a mosaic of landowners with a wide range of goals, from wilderness protection to high-yield timber production. We projected forest changes over 100 years in response to logging and development using models that integrate land use change and forest stand and landscape processes. We then assessed responses to those management activities using GIS models of stand structure and composition, landscape structure, habitat models for focal terrestrial and aquatic species, timber production, employment, and willingness to pay for biodiversity protection. Many of the potential outcomes of recently enacted policies are consistent with intended goals. For example, we project the area of structurally diverse older conifer forest and habitat for late successional wildlife species to strongly increase. Other outcomes might not be consistent with current policies: for example, hardwoods and vegetation diversity strongly decline Rejected based on Title. Relevance of Native American land management is unclear. Not relevant Library database University report Not Used Couldn't read all of it, but it's from 1972 and about Public land, so it's unlikely to be relevant Vesterby, M. 1987. "Land use change experiences from pilot studies near Portland, Oregon." In Sustaining agriculture near cities / edited by William Lockeretz , 155-161. Ankeny, Iowa : Soil and Water Conservation Society, c1987, 1987. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 4 Not relevant Library database Book Yes Not used Focuses only on agricultural lands, does not deal with forestland explicitly Goal 4 Not relevant Other database Journal Yes Not Used Rejected based on Abstract - only deals with Federal forests and cutting prescriptions The Pacific Northwest of the United States is currently embroiled in an acrimonious debate over the management of federal forest lands. Constructive resolution of this debate will require better information on a broad range of forest management issues. This study focuses on one such issue: the development of landscape pattern in response to alternative forest cutting plans and the degree to which established landscape patterns can be changed. Dispersed cutting has been conducted on federal lands in the western United States for > 40 yr, but alternative cutting plans are now being considered. To assess the effects of different disturbance processes on the development of landscape pattern, we compare dispersed- and aggregated-cutting plans using a simple, rule-based simulation model that incorporates realistic regulatory and logistic constraints. Our results indicate that, once established, the landscape pattern created by dispersed disturbances is difficult to erase without a substantial reduction in the disturbance rate or a reduction in the minimum stand age eligible for disturbance. Change in landscape pattern can lag substantially behind change in the rules governing pattern generation. Wallin, D.O., F. J. Swanson;B. Marks. 1994 . LANDSCAPE PATTERN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN PATTERN GENERATION RULES - LAND-USE LEGACIES IN FORESTRY . Ecological Applications , 4 ( 3 ): 569-580 Goal 4 Weber, B., Youmans, R., and R. Harrington. 1978. "Rural subdivisions and local taxes: the fiscal impact of "recreational" and rural residential subdivisions in Klamath County, Oregon." Spec Rep Oreg State Univ Ext Serv . Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Weber. P. 2007. Taking the measure of Measure 37. Goal 4 Oregon Agricultural Progress. Oregon State University Goal 4 Weitz J, Moore T. 1998. Development inside urban growth boundaries - Oregon's empirical evidence of contiguous urban form. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PLANNING ASSOCIATION Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Pages: 424-440 Not relevant Library database University report Unclear Not used Not relevant No Not used Table of contents shows no mention of forestland. Not used because is a summary of why Jaeger and plantinga did their research and does not add any new evidence. Both popular and professional literatures have expounded on the problems (and sometimes the benefits) of urban sprawl. We all know it when we see it, but defining it in ways that facilitate measurement can be difficult. One part of the definition that can be measured is the degree to which development touches other development. Discontiguous development in urban areas suggests sprawl; contiguous development suggests a more compact urban form. This article reports evidence on whether and to what, extent development inside urban growth boundaries (UGBs) of three Oregon communities is contiguous or dispersed. The case study method it uses provides a logical and replicable means for describing and quantifying urban development patterns. Data from the three UGB case studies are evaluated within a framework based on Oregon's land use policies. The article concludes that recent development inside UGBs tends to be contiguous to the urban core rather than dispersed, consistent with Oregon's policies for urban farm, but that urban development patterns can be improved by applying additional urban growth management tools now being developed for inclusion in Oregon's planning program. Not relevant Library database Journal Yes Not used Deals with the interior of UGBs, does not address forest land base. Beaton, C.R. and T.H. Hibbard. 1991. Task One: Status of the land resource base. Salem: Farm and Forest Land Research Project, Oregon Department of Land Conservation and Development. Goal 1 Beck, R.C. 1977. Land use planning education a public policy issue in Washington County, Oregon. Increas Understand Public Probl Policies p. 109-111. Other State agency report Could not find through library in time for Review Library database Journal Crowley, William D. 1974. "Farmland use values versus market prices in three Oregon land markets / [William D. Crowley, Jr.]." In ERS ; 550 Washington, D.C. : Economic Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1974., 1974. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Goal 3 Crowley, William D. 1983. "Farmland use values versus market prices in three Oregon land markets agricultural, urban, recreation / [William D. Crowley, Jr.]. -- [microform] :." In ERS ; 550 Washington, D.C. : Economic Research Service, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1974., 1983. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Library database Federal agency no report Could not find easily, based on title did not attempt to track further. Library database Federal agency no report Repeat Citation. Goal 4 DeGrove, J. M. 1984. Land Growth and Politics. Chicago: Planners Press Kline J.D. 2005. Predicted future forest- and farmland development in western Oregon with and without land use zoning in effect. USDA Forest Service - Research Notes RMRS no.PNW-RN-548 (2005) p. 1-16 Other Library database Book Could not find in time for review Federal agency report Repeat Citation. Kline J.D.; Azuma D.L.; Moses A., and others. 2007. Modeling forest and range land development in rural locations, with examples from eastern Oregon. Landscape and Urban Planning 80, no.3 p. 320-332 Kline, J.D. 2004. Population growth, urban expansion, and private forestry in western Oregon FOREST SCIENCE 50 : 33 2004 Kline, J.D. 2005. Forestland development and private Goal 4 forestry with examples from Oregon (USA). Forest policy and economics 7(5):709-720. Library database Journal Repeat Citation. Library database Journal Repeat Citation. Library database Journal Yes Quantitative Growing human populations inevitably lead to the conversion of some forestlands to more intensive developed uses. Resulting landscape changes can influence long-term timber production possibilities, and affect the quantity and quality of wildlife habitat, outdoor recreation and open spaces that contribute to people’s quality of life. Anticipating the potential effects of forestland development can be important to formulating management and policy strategies that balance the multiple demands of society regarding land for development, resource production, and environmental protection. Previous research conducted in western Oregon has: 1) examined factors related to historical forestland development and projected future development; and 2) examined effects of forestland development on private forest management and investment activities. We briefly review these previous research efforts, and combine their resulting data and models to examine what projected forestland development might mean for private forestry in western Oregon over the next 50 years. The analysis draws together a broad body of recent research focused on western Oregon, to provide a context for discussing forestland development issues and their management and policy implications for the U.S. and abroad. Goal 4 Knaap, G.J. 1988. Land use controls and economic development: An exploratory analysis. Green Bay WI: University of Wisconsin. Other Book Yes Repeat Citation. Got from bibliography of "Kline, J.D. and Alig R.J. 1999. Does land use planning slow the conversion of forest and farm lands? Growth and Change 30, no.1 p. 3-22 Could not be Located Leonard, J. 1983. Managing Oregon's Growth. Washington: The Conservation Foundation. Lettman, G.J., K.P. Connaughton, and N. McKay. 1991. Private Forestry in western Oregon: And update on management practices and land use changes. Salem: Oregon Department of Forestry. Liberty, R. 1988 Annotated Abstract of Studies Analyzing County Administration of Oregon's Statewide Planning Conservation Goals. Portland: 1000 Friends of Oregon. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Office of Coastal Zone Management. 1978. "Written statements from parties who commented on the Oregon Caostal Management Program and the Draft Environmental Impact Statement." . Washington, D.C. : The Office, c[1978]., 1978. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Pease J.R. 1984. Planning for land conservation and Goal 4 development in Oregon. Publication: Elsevier; Developments in Landscape Management and Urban Planning, 6B 1984 Land conservation and development p. 253-271 Schmisseur, W.E., D. Cleaves, and H. Berg. 1991 Task Three: Survey of Farm and forest operators on conflicts and complaints. Salem: Department of Land Conservation and Development, Farm and Forest Land Research Project. Stroud, H.B. 2006. Impact of premature subdivision of land in Oregon: The case of Deschutes County. Pennsylvania Geographer 44, no.1 p. 39-49 Weber, B.A. 1977. "Speculation, land conversion and the public costs of sprawl:some directions for land use policy research." Spec Rep Oreg Agric Exp Stn (1977): 133-160. Agricola , EBSCOhost (accessed May 19, 2008). Work, L.M. 1980. The need for cooperative land use planning. Oregon. Agricultural Experiment Station. Special report - Agricultural Experiment Station, Oregon State University, May 1980. (583), p. 72-73. Other Book Other State agency report Other Advocacy group report Could not find through Library in time for Review Library database Federal agency report Couldn't find, and don't think it is worth time to track down, based on title Library database Book Could not find through Library in time for Review Other State agency report Could not locate through library databases or websites. Library database Journal Never arrived through ILL Library database University report Could not locate through special collections, other library resources. Library database University report Could not locate through special collections, other library resources. Jim's Comments Econ? Type of Use? Forest Related Timber Harvest Employment? Trends? No No Yes BM 82 PM 12 ODF Strategy B No No Yes No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Mentions the indicators, but references the work of the other two papers for discussion of the "built environment" and ag land no No No No No No From DLCD via Lisa - Citation format? No Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No Perhaps, would be No obtuse in that could provide economic incentive to keep land in forest production for climate benefits No No No No I do not know that I understood their methods properly, and didn't want to spend too much time reading it. Yes, but it is not differentiated for Oregon Yes No No No No No Yes, because No people in the interivews stated that they were affected by the system in how they could manage their land, positively and negaitively Maybe No No No No SD 144.a13 a38 no. 165 No No yes yes Yes Yes No No Yes Maybe No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Sent to me by Jeff No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes No No No No No No No No No No Yes Yes No No No No Yes Yes Yes, but doesn't address planning program explicitly No No Yes, but doesn't address planning program explicitly Yes Yes No No No No From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way Yes No No No Possibly Possibly no Yes No No Yes Yes No Library does not have Hard copyor electronic version of this journal Hard Copy - S623 .J6 v.45-46 19901991 Hard Copy - S623 .J6 v.45-51 1996 Obtained from a search of the Lincoln Land Policy Institute database. Could not find final publication Hardcopy Looked to see if they included any no forets land in their definition of Ag, but it's just x-mas trees. Ordered through Summit Hard Copy - S623 .J6 v.45-46 19901991 Ordered through ILL NA9000 .A59 HT 401 .j68 Requested from Summit From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way Lincoln Land Policy Institute Database KW=Oregon Got from bibliography of "Kline, J.D. and Alig R.J. 1999. Does land use planning slow the conversion of forest and farm lands? Growth and Change 30, no.1 p. 3-22 HC101.N3 HC101.N3 Hard Copy - S623 .J6 v.45-51 1996 If we wanted to try and establish baseline data for how ownership and use were changing prior to 1973, this would be useful. No Yes No No NA 9000.a59 S 623.j6 Requested through ILL TD 169.E6 Hardcopy No Yes No Maybe No No No Yes No Maybe No No This would be a really interesting read. Available in Hard Copy Get from Valley Requested from ILL Requested from ILL Library does not have Requested from ILL Get from Valley Get from Valley Requested from ILL Get from Valley Requested from ILL Cited in: Irazabel, C. City making and urban governance in the Americas: Curitaba and Portland. Ashgate Publishing Ltd. Get hard copy from Garrett, looks interesting No No No No No No From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way, get hardcopyTD 169 .E6 Couldn't read well, get hard copy? Requested through ILL Couldn't read scan, ask Garrett for Hard Copy From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way Action needed - Cannot locate easily Action needed - Cannot locate easily From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way Library could not find through ILL. Not available. From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way - HD211.O7 L46 1983 From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way - SD1 .F56 (Compact or regular) From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way From Pease in Planning the Oregon Way Land Use Assessment Project Search Term Documentation Database Search Term(s) Number of references retrieved AGRICOLA:EBSCOhost Oregon land use Oregon AND agricultur* AND Land Conversion Oregon AND urbanization Oregon AND ―urban growth boundar*‖ Oregon AND ―land use plan*‖ Oregon AND ―land use‖ AND ―Goal 1‖ Oregon AND ―land use‖ AND ―citizen participation‖ Oregon AND ―land use‖ AND zoning Oregon AND ―land use‖ AND zoning Oregon AND ―land use plan‖ Oregon AND ―land use‖ AND goals Oregon AND ―land use system‖ Oregon AND Land use change Oregon AND Land use conversion Oregon AND Land use policy Oregon AND Land use planning Oregon AND Land use planning AND zoning Search Request: Search = (Oregon AND land AND use)[in Title] Oregon AND sprawl [in Title and Subject] 90 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 3 67 128 AGRICOLA: USDA NAL 46 0 GEOBASE Oregon AND Land Use Oregon and ((kw: land and kw: use)) and kw: zoning Oregon and ((kw: land and kw: use and kw: change)). kw: Oregon and kw: sprawl. kw: Oregon AND kw: forestl* AND kw: "land use" kw: Oregon AND kw: forestr* AND kw: "land use" kw: Oregon AND kw: timber* AND kw: "land use" ab: Oregon AND ab: forestl* AND ab: "land use" kw: Oregon AND kw: zoning AND kw: timber* kw: Oregon AND kw: zoning AND kw: forestl* kw: Oregon AND kw: zoning AND kw: forestr* kw: Oregon AND kw: "forestry use" kw: Oregon AND kw: "forest use" 63 17 1 33 30 4 0 0 1 0 2 PAIS Oregon AND Land Use Oregon AND Agricultural AND Land Use Oregon AND Land Use And Participation Oregon AND Land Use And Goal* Oregon AND Land Use And Evaluat* Oregon AND Land Use And Analys* ―Land Utilization Oregon‖ Oregon AND "land utilization regulation" "regional planning united states oregon" CSA Illumina Web of Science Oregon* AND "land use policies" Oregon* AND "land use change" forest* AND conversion AND Oregon forest* AND development AND Oregon forest* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND "land use planning" AND Oregon timber* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND zon* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND zoning AND Oregon "forest use" AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND econom* AND "land use" AND Oregon "forest economy" AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND econ* AND Oregon 21 258 117 6 29 13 6 1 12 0 87 158 21 Lincoln Institute of Land Policy Oregon forestland ScienceDirect Oregon* AND forestland Oregon* AND "forest land" Oregon* AND "loss of" and forest Oregon* AND "land use planning" Oregon* AND zoning Oregon* AND "land use change" forest* AND conversion AND Oregon forest* AND development AND Oregon forest* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND "land use planning" AND Oregon timber* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND zon* AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND zoning AND Oregon "forest use" AND "land use" AND Oregon "forest use" AND Oregon forest* AND econom* AND "land use" AND Oregon "forest economy" AND "land use" AND Oregon forest* AND econ* AND Oregon timber* AND conversion AND Oregon 2 3 8 5 6 1 5 31 18 1 3 1 1 0 0 2 0 8 0 timber* AND development AND Oregon 7 Date Searched 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 19-May-08 18-May-08 18-May-08 18-May-08 18-May-08 18-May-08 Person Searching Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Lisa Lisa Lisa Lisa Lisa Comments 17-May-08 Sue 19-May-08 Sue 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Nothing New 2 new citations 1 New citation 1 New Nothing New Nothing New 17-May-08 17-May-08 17-May-08 17-May-08 17-May-08 Sue Sue Sue Sue Sue Nothing new/notable Nothing new/notable Nothing new/notable Nothing new/notable 17-May-08 Sue 17-May-08 Sue 17-May-08 Sue 17-May-08 Sue Nothing new/notable Some articles may be useful for urbanization goal, though most have showed up in other searches. Nothing new/notable 18-Jun-08 18-Jun-08 18-Jun-08 18-Jun-08 18-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 23-Jun-08 Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Only saved 16 relevant citations Only found 25 relevant citations Nothing new 2 new citations Nothing new 1 new citation Nothing new Nothing new only 2 new citations Working Papers, Books, "Land Lines" and others. 72 Working Papers. 2 Books Very scattered papers 29-May-08 Jim D 29-May-08 Jim D 29-May-08 5/29/2008 29-May-08 29-May-08 29-May-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 24-Jun-08 Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Jim D Searches references, so many irrelevant papers. No relevant returns Already have only Goal 4 relevant article Already have only Goal 4 relevant articles Nothing relevant Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new Nothing relevant Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new Nothing new 24-Jun-08 Jim D DROP DOWN LISTS FOR OTHER WORKSHEETS. DO Land use goal Goal 1 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goals 3 and 4 Goal 14 Goal 16 Overall program Other Relevance to review Not relevant Low relevance High relevance Where document was found Agency offices Agency website General web search Library database Other database Other Document type Advocacy group report Book City report County report Federal agency report Journal Proceedings State agency report Thesis/Dissertation University report Other NOT DELET Peer reviewed? Yes No Unknown DO NOT DELETE. NOT DELETE. Type of study Quantitative Qualitative Both Document used as Source of evidence Lead to a source Not used Other