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SOCIAL ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT
Summer 2000 Newsletter
HAPPY SUMMER putting these sessions together from the
many fine papers that were submitted. I
took some chances in combining certain
I hope you’re all enjoying your summer papers. The results should be lively.
and preparing to convene this coming We are excited to co-sponsor eight
week in Toronto. This newsletter has symposia with other divisions this year.
important information if you’re coming Three of these are featured as
to Toronto, and other interesting "showcase" symposia. Showcase
information if you’re not. Be sure and sessions are specially selected based
check out the curriculum report by upon their breadth, quality, and
Duane Windsor. Enjoy your reading and timeliness. Our showcase topics
hope to see you in Canada. The Fall include sessions on bribery (chaired by
SIM Newsletter will be coming out in Duane Windsor and Kathy Getz), on
October, so keep the news coming. ethics in conflict and negotiation
(chaired by Bruce Barry), and on
Brad Agle, SIM Newsletter Editor stakeholder collaboration (chaired by
Sandra Waddock).
SEE YOU IN TORONTO The format for interactive paper sessions
is changing this year to encourage more
dialogue and integration around the
Jeanne Logsdon session theme. Melissa Baucus will
SIM Program Chair facilitate a session of 5 papers on
"Macro Perspectives on Social Issues"
The SIM program at the Academy of on Monday at 12:20. Diane Swanson
Management meeting offers some of will facilitate a session of 6 papers on
the best research in the business-and- "Individual and Organizational
society/business ethics field today. Perspectives in SIM Research." All
You will be delighted at the diverse interactive paper sessions are being held
topics and quality of the presentations, I in the Royal York Hotel. Special thanks
promise. The entire program is available to Melissa and Diane for accepting the
online at challenge to facilitate in the new format.
http:\\www.aom.pace.edu/meetings/2000
. Let me share with you some of the One paper submitted to SIM was
highlights. accepted in the "shared interest" track,
and I want to call your attention to it.
SIM has eight division paper sessions The paper is entitled, "Convention,
this year. Topics span the spectrum Legitimacy, and Identification in
from corporate social performance to Cultural Industries," authored by
business ethics to stakeholder theory, Anastasios Karamanos and Chong Ju
from macro issues to micro, from Choi from Cambridge University.
theoretical to empirical. I enjoyed Congratulations to them. (Incidentally, I
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
can't explain why only one of the many meeting. I look forward to seeing all of
papers I nominated was deemed to be you there.
sufficiently shareable. I think SIM
offers fresh and important perspectives DON'T FORGET ...
on many topics of broad interest in the
Academy. Let's see if we can do better 1) YOUR PASSPORT -- Most of us
in this category next year.) will be crossing a border to attend the
conference in Toronto. Be sure that you
Two events of special interest to SIM know the rules for you to get into
members are scheduled for Monday. Canada and to get back to your home
One is our theme session on corporate country. Check with the Canadian
accountability, described in a companion Embassy.
article. The other is the annual
presentation of the Best MBA Paper on For U.S. citizens and permanent
Corporate Citizenship, which is residents, a passport is quite useful to re-
organized by the Center for Corporate enter the U.S. Don't forget to check the
Community Relations at Boston College. expiration date – right now! If you don't
This session occurs from 6 to 7 p.m. on have a current passport, you will need
Monday evening and concludes the (a) a photo ID, (b) your birth certificate,
official SIM Monday schedule. AND (c) a baptismal certificate or voter
registration card to get back into the U.S.
Tuesday's special SIM events include the
provocatively titled address by the 2) HOTEL RESERVATIONS
division chair, Jeff Lenn, beginning at Remember that most SIM sessions will
3:40. The always hilarious and fast- be held in the Sheraton Centre Hotel.
paced business meeting begins at 4:45. The Royal York, the other headquarters
Note the slightly earlier times for these hotel, is within 15 minutes walking
events from previous years. Finally we distance. Shuttles will travel between
party from 6:30 to 7:30. the hotels every 10 to 15 minutes but do
stop operating in the early evening.
But don't forget Wednesday's sessions.
Remember that at least 30% of all the 3) SAVE A BUCK -- If you are coming
papers must be presented on Wednesday, into Toronto by air and expect to take
so the schedule is full until 2 pm. the airport shuttle, don't forget the
Attendees at the last SIM session will discount coupon on the last printed page
receive a little something special for the of the conference program.
trip home.
4) EXCHANGE RATE is currently
This brief overview just scratches the about $.68 US to $1.00 Canadian.
surface in describing all the interesting
events that will occur at the Toronto 5) NEWCOMERS -- A special welcome
to you if this is your first time at the
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SOCIAL ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT
Winter 2000 Newsletter
Academy and at the SIM Division. Be SPECIAL SESSION ON
sure to come to the Research Workshop CORPORATE
on Saturday evening and to the Welcome
ACCOUNTABILITY
session at 8 am on Monday so that we
can begin to know you.
The Academy theme for the 2000
meeting is "A New Time." I chose
6) PAPER PRESENTERS -- Help out
corporate accountability as the basis for
your session chair and your discussants
the SIM theme session and asked Len
by sending a copy of your paper to them
Brooks from the Clarkson Centre for
NOW. Yes, you can make some minor
Business Ethics at the University of
changes to it, but your discussants are
Toronto to organize the session. The
especially eager to have something in
result is spectacular. Thank you, Len.
hand. Addresses are available through
the Academy website, or contact me if
Look for the session titled ''Corporate
you cannot locate the chair or
Accountability Comes of Age: Social
discussants for your session.
Auditing and Reporting in the 21st
Century." It is on Monday, beginning at
7) NO POWERPOINT presentations
4:10 in the Dominion Ballroom South at
can be accommodated. We are
the Sheraton Centre.
decidedly low-tech in the A-V area.
Overhead projectors will be available in
We are very pleased to have Simon
each room.
Zadek present his perspectives on
emerging international auditing
8) The Academy WEBSITE is getting
standards. Mr. Zadek directs the
more user-friendly all the time. And
Institute of Social and Ethical
it is quite informative too. When in
Accountability in London and is an
doubt, check it out at
internationally recognized leader in
http:\\www.aom.pace.edu.
social auditing. The second speaker,
Eileen Kohl Kaufman from the Council
9) The program is done, but CONTACT
on Economic Priorities Accreditation
ME if you have questions. My phone
Agency, will discuss the SA 8000
number is 505-277-8352, and email
standards that apply to global suppliers.
address is jlogsdon@unm.edu.
Priscilla Boucher from VanCity Credit
Union in Canada will then discuss trends
………………………………………….
in voluntary corporate reporting and her
company's experience in preparing its
report.
Two experts on accountability issues
will serve as discussants on the general
topic and the presentations. They are
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
David Nitkin from EthicScan Canada Tom Jones and Andy Wicks were co-
and Kim Davenport from Bell South. winners of the Dean's Faculty Research
Len Brooks will chair the session. Award for 1999 at the University of
Washington. Tom has also been named
Corporate accountability is coming of Interim Chair of the Management and
age, and we need to learn more about Organization Department for 2000-2001.
current initiatives. See you at this
valuable session.
Report on the SIM Curriculum
SATURDAY EVENING Development Committee,
SESSION 1999-2000
Anne Buchholtz Duane Windsor, Co-Chair (Rice
Research Committee University) Contact
<odw@rice.edu>
We are pleased to report that York
University Professor Wes Cragg, the The other CDC members are: Virginia
Chair/President of Transparency Gerde (University of New Mexico,
International Canada, has agreed to be co-chair), Brad Agle (University of
our keynote speaker on Saturday Pittsburgh), Nancy Bodie (University of
evening. Transparency International is "a Illinois at Chicago Circle), David
non-governmental organisation Fritzsche (Pennsylvania State University
dedicated to increasing government Great Valley), Michael Goldsby
accountability and curbing both (University of Southern Indiana), and
international and national corruption." Joseph Petrick (Wright State
For more information, please see TI's University).
web site at:
http://www.transparency.de/index.html During 1999-2000, the CDC has
undertaken a study of how schools
address the AACSB accreditation
Ed Epstein is now serving on the standards concerning what can be
Board of Directors of AACSB- The characterized broadly as the non-
International Association for economic environment of business. The
Management Education. This is believed 1974 AACSB revision of accreditation
to be a SIM first. standards placed "SIM" type coursework
.............. prominently in the common body of
David Deephouse was recently approved knowledge: "To provide students with
for promotion to Associate Professor the common body of knowledge in
with tenure at Louisiana State business administration, programs shall
University, starting in Fall 2000. include in their course of instruction the
............. equivalent of at least one year of work
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
comprising the following [core] areas Steven Wartick published "Business and
[including]: (b) a background of the Society/Business Ethics Courses:
economic and legal environment as it Twenty Years at the Crossroads,"
pertains to profit and/or nonprofit BUSINESS & SOCIETY 34.1 (April
organizations along with ethical 1995) 51-89. The article is a report both
considerations and social and political on (1) a 1989-1990 CDC survey of 150
influences as they affect such SIM division members (98 usable
organizations." In April 1991, the responses) constituting a representative
accreditation language was effectively sample, and (2) examination of 11
"softened" so that while "Both previous studies (mostly, but not
undergraduate and MBA curricula exclusively, survey approaches),
should provide an understanding of including the 1979 Buchholz study
perspectives that form the context for conducted in conjunction with AACSB.
business" (including ethical and Collins and Wartick concluded: "The
global issues, the influence of political, study reveals that business
social, legal and regulatory, schools/programs experienced a period
environmental and technological issues, of growth in business and society
and the impact of demographic offerings between 1973 and 1986
diversity on organizations), in direct [corresponding to the 1974 AACSB
contrast undergraduate foundation revision], but a decline between 1986
and graduate core curriculum standards and 1990 [immediately followed by the
effectively specify coverage of 1991 AACSB revision] at both the
particular functions or disciplines undergraduate and graduate levels."
excluding non-economic environment. Collins and Wartick attribute the growth
The situation may be viewed as phase to the 1974 AACSB revision: "the
inherently dangerous to "SIM" courses. 1974 revision of AACSB Curriculum
Standard IVb to include the phrase
In general, the objectives of the current 'ethical considerations' must surely have
CDC study are to develop (1) a baseline prompted several schools to add a
of information for assessing the current Business and Society/Business Ethics
situation and evaluating future trends in course or to shift the course from an
the handling of core requirements set by elective to required status." The
each school, (2) assess the views of AACSB also sponsored regional summer
deans on the present AACSB "SIM" conferences and faculty workshops to
accreditation standard, and (3) develop a encourage Business and Society course
sense of the range of topics currently development. Collins and Wartick
covered in "SIM" courses (required or concluded: "The number of schools
elective). offering a separate Business and Society
course has leveled off at about two thirds
It has been a decade since the last major on both the undergraduate and graduate
survey effort. Denis Collins and levels, but less than half of these schools
require the course." The study found
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
that "Of the undergraduate programs, faculty/research, and the future of
67% offered a separate Business and Business and Society).
Society course, 48% required the course,
and 26% offered it as an elective. Of the The 1999-2000 CDC has undertaken a
graduate programs, 67% offered a different approach based on the recently
separate Business and Society course, developed availability of (1) website
42% required the course, and 28% program information now supplied by
offered it as an elective." The study virtually all AACSB-accredited schools
found relatively little difference between in often readily identified format,
private and public schools overall. and (2) published business school
Past studies have also generally found a rankings (now issued by US NEWS &
wide range of specific course WORLD REPORT, BUSINESS WEEK,
types and faculty types teaching in the and the FINANCIAL TIMES of
area. Collins and Wartick summarize London). The rationale is to develop a
the general implication as follows: "In reasonably convenient methodology by
the aggregate, it appears that 20 years which curricular developments can be
after the establishment of the area [SIM monitored over time in the future from a
Division founded 1971], Business and baseline database. Curriculum can now
Society still suffers from an identity be tracked by school. The purpose is not
crisis." to substitute for previous methods
(which can be replicated in the future),
The key problem confronting future but rather to identify a monitoring
studies is the large number of business methodology that is low dollar cost and
schools now in operation worldwide. can always be operated periodically.
Any study (except at serious cost of Accredited school websites are directly
money and effort) must be a limited accessible through the AACSB website
representative sampling process, and which provides direct linkages. (Non-
therefore can identify only widespread accredited school websites can generally
changes in curricular approach. be accessed through commercial
(The change must already have occurred websites providing lists of business
to be detectable in a sampling schools.) Most websites now provide a
methodology.) Not only are there reasonably understandable description of
undergraduate and graduate programs, graduate and undergraduate program
there has been a proliferation of program requirements for students. Websites
formats (full-time, executive, weekend, typically provide some school mission
part-time, global). The 1989-1990 CDC statement, and with moderate navigating
process also covered a wide range of an email linkage to the dean. A short
topics. The survey instrument included survey instrument of 8 questions is
41 questions (background information, electronically transmitted to dean's
Business and Society curricula/course offices, with a request that the responses
content, Business and Society be entered onto the electronic format and
then returned via reply procedure to the
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
sender. (The instrument elicits become fairly universal.) Second,
curriculum information on additional exemplar schools are being
undergraduate programs.) Even low identified. Religiously affiliated
response rate should yield a reasonably institutions often have an ethics or
representative sample of dean's views on values requirement of some sort. Other
the present accreditation standard. known exemplar schools include
American, Boston College, Boston
In order to fast track key information University, Clark Atlanta, George
assembly, an expanding scope approach Washington, Kansas State, New Mexico,
has been used. First, "top tier" schools Virginia Tech, and Wright State.
were addressed. The rationale is that in Third, "other accredited" schools outside
academic debates over curriculum the "top tier" set are also being
changes, benchmarking to prominent accessed at the graduate level initially.
and (also exemplar) schools is vital There are currently (April 2000)
information. The 1998 US NEWS and 390 AACSB-accredited schools (371
BUSINESS WEEK "top tier" U.S. U.S., 7 Canada, 2 Mexico, and 10
ratings include 58 schools. (There outside North America). Of this set, 28
is no implication here concerning the at are undergraduate accreditation only
best dubious scientific validity (7%), 25 graduate accreditation only
of these journalistic rating approaches. (6%), 337 have both undergraduate and
They are simply a widely circulated graduate accreditation (86%); and 149
reputational affecter watched by also have accounting accreditation
administrators, faculty, and students -- (which is not given separately). No
for a variety of purposes.) Attention was current information suggests that
focused in this set of 58 schools on full- non-accredited schools are
time MBA (or equivalent) and EMBA systematically different in approach.
(or equivalent) programs. The second Annually, there are newly accredited and
phase of the effort was to extend the reaccredited schools. The set is much
analysis of full-time MBA (or smaller to scan for possible changes in
equivalent) programs to all accredited curricular practice than the entire set of
AACSB schools. The reasoning behind accredited institutions. Hence it may be
this approach is that, in contrast to the possible to detect how the AACSB
situation in the 1970s and 1980s, when process treats the implementation of the
accreditation was not particularly a 1991 standard, because it is in precisely
critical consideration, the rating services this smaller set of schools that the
dating from roughly the late 1980s standard is currently evaluated. (Schools
effectively require accreditation for are reaccredited every decade.) In
inclusion. Accreditation is a March 2000, 9 schools were newly
spreading industry standard, and accredited (worldwide) and 19 were
AACSB now accredits globally. reaccredited; in April 2000, an additional
(Non-accredited schools can be studied 8 schools were reaccredited. (These
by the same approach as websites
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SOCIAL ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT
Winter 2000 Newsletter
numbers specifically exclude new
accounting accreditation information.) Information for "other accredited"
schools (outside the "top tier") is
The principal conceptual difficulty is (as being analyzed currently. Information
in prior survey based studies) the proper for 47 "other accredited" schools has
classification of courses. For this already been classified for Alabama,
preliminary report, the designation Alaska, Arkansas, California,
"SIM" course is adopted so as not to Colorado, Connecticut, and Delaware
imply necessary consistency with the (processed in alphabetical order)--
"Business and Society" designation used located in different regions of the U.S.
in the Collins and Wartick study. "SIM" (Most, although not all, of these 47
course included business and society, schools are public institutions.) Nearly
(general) environment of business, legal half of these schools had some form of
environment or business law (the latter identifiably "SIM" requirement broadly
generally not appearing in the "top tier" defined at the graduate level. Another
schools), ethics, and public policy 34% of the schools had some form of
approaches. The results in the "top tier" more narrowly legal environment or
set of schools are (appreciating the business law course requirement. Only
definitional difficulties) somewhat 17% of the schools had no identifiable
stronger than the Collins and Wartick "SIM" or legal course. In a very broad
overall finding for graduate programs. sense, commitment to the non-economic
Using a reasonable "SIM" definition, environment of business or management
just under two-thirds of full-time MBA is arguably even more extensive in this
programs (n = 58) and just under 60% of particular subset of schools than in
EMBA programs (n = 47) require the 58 "top tier" schools. Relative to the
something substantive in the "SIM" area. "top tier" schools, however, the
proportion of "other accredited" schools
A significant difference between full- with identifiably "SIM" requirements
time MBA and EMBA programs is, dropped somewhat, due to the role of
however, readily apparent. In the full- more legal content courses. A scan of
time programs, only 2 schools specified various "other accredited" schools
solely what amounts to a purely legal suggests further that a significant
course. In the EMBA programs, 10 proportion make use of "prerequisite" or
schools (about one-fifth) specified solely "foundation" requirements that permit
what amounts to a purely legal course. BBA graduates to waive certain parts of
Since EMBA programs typically are the MBA core curriculum. The
more core relative to elective courses approach often cites a "common body of
due to weekend operation, some schools knowledge" (pre-1991 AACSB
with no significant "SIM" coursework in language) that includes business law (or
the full-time MBA program adopt a legal environment of business).
stronger "SIM" position in the EMBA
program.
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Winter 2000 Newsletter
NEW WEBMASTER
For the past several years Phil Cochran
has maintained both the SIM and IABS
websites. Recently he asked for
volunteers to take over the SIM site.
Ron Roman of the University of
Pittsburgh graciously agreed to
do so.
Ron's new SIM site is now up and
running. It has information on the
upcoming AOM conference in Toronto
as well as the latest SIM newsletter.
Ron will update the site on an on-going
basis. If you have information that
you would like to have posted on the
web site, email Ron Roman at
Ron.Roman@EthicalBusiness.org. You
can visit the site either through the
AOM web site
(http://www.aom.pace.edu) or directly
(http://www.pitt.edu/~rorst6/sim/SIMma
in.htm).
A hearty thank-you to Phil and to Ron!
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