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WATERMATTERS
VICTORIAN WATER INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION NEWS Volume 8 Issue 2 Autumn 2007
Water educator’s Forum
INSIDE Page
Water Educator’s Forum Cover
T
From the CEO’s Desk 2 he Annual Water Educator’s groups about the benefits of fire on
Forum was held on 22 and 23 the environment.
Upcoming VicWater Events 2 of February this year in Halls Museum Victoria and Scienceworks
DHS Auditor Approval Process 3 Gap, and kindly hosted by Grampians Museum staff also attended and
Wimmera Mallee Water. Careful presented at the forum, clearly
Fixed Leaks Save Wannon Water 3 planning by the Victorian Water illustrating the similarities in water
Educators Task Group resulted in a education roles of the businesses and
Going Under Cover to Save Water 4
successful event. Even the educators the museums. The forum also provided
WaterAid Australia AGM 4 were educated, as the event was held excellent networking and idea-sharing
at the Brambuk Aboriginal Cultural opportunities for all attendees.
Wimmera Mallee Pipeline Project 5
Centre and staff there spoke of their
Participants were taken on a guided
Design of Water supply Training on Offer 5 education program.
tour of the Bellfield Reservoir in Halls
Training and OH&S Matters 6 The two day event was well Gap and the Stawell water supply
attended by the network and included historical flume main and tunnel by
Qenos Leading the Way 6 updates from several of the water GWMWater staff.
Welcome Leanne 6 businesses. An interesting and Water education in our schools and
graphic presentation by Parks Victoria communities is a top priority in the cur-
Task Group Topics 7 on the recent bush fires in the region rent climate and VicWater continues
was a highlight for many attendees. its commitment to support the Water
Water Quality Issue 8
Parks Victoria is using the event to Educators Network and Victorian Water
Sewerage and Trade Waste Services educate the community and tourist Educators Task Group.
for Coode Island 8
Suite 1, Level 6
2 Collins Street, Melbourne,
Victoria 3000
T: (03) 9639 8868
F: (03) 9639 8860
E: vicwater@vicwater.org.au
www.vicwater.org.au
Participants at the Annual Water Educator’s Forum at Hall’s Gap
If you’d like to have an article considered for
inclusion in Water Matters, email the finished
article to vicwater@vicwater.org.au
Due dates: 15 January, 15 April, 15 July
and 15 October or call T: (03) 9639 8868
WATER MATTERS AUTUMN 2007
‘‘ from ‘‘
steve bird
the CEO’s
desk
like to thank them for the contributions the submission of the 2008-2013 Water
that they have made. Additional Plans. There is a huge level of
information will be included in future activity associated with the
editions of Water Matters but we development of those plans so the
certainly wish them all the best for extension of time will be very useful.
W
their next ventures. Water businesses have done a
elcome to the autumn edition of
wonderful job of teaching customers
Water Matters. The recent rain VicWater has been working closely
how to use less water and that reduced
across the State was very with the Essential Services Commission
usage, combined with the
welcoming and hopefully the start of (ESC) and water businesses
unpredictable seasonal arrangements
better things to come; especially in the regarding the issue of New Customer
will make the forecasts extremely
farming and catchment areas of the State. Contribution’s and we are now
difficult, and interesting.
working through the detail of some
Over recent weeks we have seen four
revised arrangements. Although the Finally, a quick reminder about the
MD’s/CEO’s announce that they are
final position is not what some were VicWater conference to be held in
moving on to other endeavours. Dennis
after, the compromise by all has been September. This year’s theme is
Cavagna (South East Water), Dennis
very positive and the cooperation by ‘Planning for a Changing Future’ and
Brockenshire (Barwon Water), Peter
the ESC and the businesses has been we recently distributed the ‘Call for
McManamon (GWMWater) and Rod
very much appreciated. Papers’. Further information is
Ralph (First Mildura Irrigation Trust) will
all be finishing in the coming months I am sure that all businesses have available on the Association’s website:
and, on behalf of the industry, I would welcomed the extension of time for www.vicwater.org.au
upComing VicWater eVents
3rd annual ‘Water & SuStainability’ training CourSe
The 3rd Annual Water & Sustainability Training Course – “decision-making strategies and tools for the Victorian water
industry” will take place on Wednesday 25 & Thursday 26 July 2007 at the Pacific International Conference Rooms,
471 Little Bourke Street Melbourne.
This is a two day course that provides water industry professionals with practical tools and strategies for addressing key
sustainability challenges and ensuring informed decision-making. Developed by VicWater and RMIT’s Centre for Design, the
course provides: sustainability principles and concepts; the regulatory framework; case studies; tools and strategies; practical
workshops; and focused discussion.
The Course is relevant to managers, team leaders, engineers, business strategists, environmental officers, procurement officers,
customer service staff, project officers and new staff.
At the end of the two days, participants will have a clear understanding of:
S Sustainability theory and practice in the water industry.
S Sustainability planning and developing vision and goals for sustainability within your organisation.
S The regulatory and policy frameworks that govern sustainability in the water industry.
S An overview of the different sustainability challenges facing metropolitan, regional urban & rural water industry sectors.
S Sustainability Tools for improved decision making – how and when to use them? Tools include: The Natural Step,
Multi-criteria Assessment (MCA), Ecological Footprint, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), sustainability reporting, greenhouse
and sustainable energy evaluation; and community consultation.
S The sustainability industry networks and support services that are available to practitioners and the wider water industry.
For more information, please contact Kylie Brown from Centre for Design at RMIT
on (03) 9925-3484 or kylie.brown@rmit.edu.au .
2 WAT E R M AT T E R S AU T U M N 2 0 07
dHs auditor approval proCeSS
R
ABQSA International has education
S anagement Systems Auditing:
M
launched their drinking water All applicants are required to hold RABQSA-AU.
quality management system a degree or diploma recognised in
(QMS) auditor certification scheme. Australia, in the fields of engineering,
S rinking Water Services Auditing:
D
RABQSA-DW.
RABQSA International has developed science or medicine.
this scheme in collaboration with DHS,
S ersonal attributes
P
VicWater and WSAA. The scheme will Work experience
(PAAS Master exam).
All applicants are required to provide
be used by DHS to approve auditors in
accordance with the Safe Drinking
details of at least seven years full time
S kill Examination.
S
work experience in at least two of the
Water Act 2003, but is national and
three following areas. RABQSA International can provide
will have applicability for audits in
information on training providers who
other jurisdictions.
S xperience in the water industry,
E
offer training in Management Systems
either employed directly in the
Detailed information on the scheme Auditing. The PAAS Master exam
water industry or being a consultant
can be found at the following address can be undertaken online through the
to the water industry (as an
RABQSA website.
on the RABQSA web site engineering, laboratory or
(http://www.rabqsa.com/cb_wsa.html). environmental consultant). The Drinking Water Services
Auditing competency module is being
Certification under this scheme will be
S xperience in establishing,
E
delivered by RMIT short course centre
a mandatory requirement for auditors reviewing or running systems for
in Melbourne. The module consists
seeking approval from DHS to conduct a quality management, environmental
of sitting a 2.5-hour exam based on
regulatory audit. Victorian water management, risk management or
Chapters 2 and 3 of the Australian
businesses should alert potential HACCP.
Drinking Water Guidelines, which can
auditors to the existence of
S xperience in undertaking audits of
E be taken into the exam.
this scheme. systems for quality management,
environmental management, risk If further information on the scheme is
To gain DHS approval as auditor, required, please contact RABQSA direct,
management or HACCP.
individuals will be required to on (02) 4728 4600, or via email to
demonstrate that they currently meet They will then be required to info@rabqsa.com.
the following education and work complete the four components to
experience requirements. achieve auditor certification:
Fixed leaks saVe Wannon Water
thouSandS oF litreS
T
wenty five high water litres a day, the equivalent of Customers can test for leaks themselves
consumption customers in almost 10 households. by doing the overnight leak test and
Hamilton were visited to assist in Twenty five customers were visited and, following the 3-step check:
water saving actions and leak detection. with their permission, checked their
During these visits 16 undetected leaks meter when no water was being used. 1. Turn off all appliances before going
were found, with over 31,000 litres of On 16 occasions the meter was still to bed at night and take a reading of
water going to waste each day. moving, indicating a leak. The the dial of your water meter;
Wannon Water continues to work customers’ properties were then
2. The next morning before any water
with their customers to assist them in investigated and a range of leaks from
is used, read the meter dial again
understanding their water usage and leaking toilets and running taps to
and compare the two readings;
help them to save water around the leaking pipes in walls were found.
home as part of ongoing drought The customers have been very 3. If the meter readings are not the
management activities. During these proactive in responding to any leaks same then your property may have a
visits 16 undetected leaks were found, found and have worked to get their leak that should be investigated by a
one of which was wasting 4,800 leaks fixed as soon as possible. licensed plumber.
WATER MATTERS AUTUMN 2007 3
GoinG under coVer to Save Water
L
ittle did East Gippsland Water Covering storage basins also reduced storages”, he said. “It’s no surprise
and scientists expect the dramatic evaporation by an amazing 90%. In that the water industry and water
benefits that would come from the case of Mallacoota’s storage, authorities have been sitting up and
installing simple shade cloth covers evaporation fell from 10 megalitres taking notice of this project, given the
over open air water storage basins – in (or ten Olympic size swimming pools) far reaching benefits offered.
protecting water quality and combating a year to just one megalitre (one “The significant decrease in
evaporation. Olympic size pool). In total across all evaporation alone has helped us
In Autumn 2004, following covered storage basins, evaporation during the current drought in delaying
encouraging initial results at Bemm was drastically cut from 29 megalitres the introduction of water restrictions at
River where the town’s open air water to just 2.9. Omeo for example.”
storage was covered, the Authority East Gippsland Water’s Chief Executive The cloth used is 97% light proof and
participated in a $1 million research Officer Les Mathieson says the test intended to prevent, or at least
project to comprehensively test the results have been very impressive. minimise, the growth of algae, weed
effectiveness of shade cloth covers. It or vegetation by hampering
“This could revolutionise the way water
was effectively the first experiment of its photosynthesis. It also pretty much
authorities go about protecting water eliminates water contamination from
kind in the world, with partial funding
in storage basins from bacterial and air bird droppings and other wind
coming from the Federal Government.
borne contamination, how they borne material.
Working with the CSIRO, shade cloth minimise algal growth and reduce
Needless to say, East Gippsland Water
specialists Gale Pacific and SuperSpan losses through evaporation”, he said.
has every intention of continuing with
(who designed and constructed the
“What we have here is an economic the use of shade cloth covers well into
shade cloth structures), covers were
solution for urban and regional water the future.
erected over open air storage basins
at Omeo, Mallacoota, Swifts Creek and
Cann River. Two storage basins were
left uncovered, at Sarsfield and Orbost,
to act as a control for the test and all
sites were monitored closely through to
Spring 2006 to check for evaporation, as
well as for algal, bacterial and air borne
contamination.
The results were dramatic, with the
study showing that shade cloth covers
drastically reduce the incidence of This shade cloth cover over the Mallacoota storage basin is 110 metres long and 90 metres wide.
Photo courtesy of SuperSpan
algal blooms.
Wateraid auStralia aGM
A
t the WaterAid Australia Annual General Meeting, held
on the 18 April 2007, WaterAid took the opportunity to
thank their supporters in particular those organisations
that played a significant role in fundraising activities over the
past year. VicWater was jointly awarded the ‘Best Fundraising
Organisation’ with Yarra Valley, South East and Melbourne
Water for their work in organising the 2006 Victorian WaterAid
Ball. The 2006 Ball raised approximately $204k for WaterAid
projects to improve water and sanitation conditions in some of
the poorest communities in the world.
Nathan Smith receiving Vic Water’s Award from Tony Kelly (Chair of WaterAid Australia) and
Barbara Frost (CEO of WaterAid UK)
4 WAT E R M AT T E R S AU T U M N 2 0 07
WiMMera Mallee pipeline projeCt
I
mplementation of the Wimmera
Mallee Pipeline is on schedule
with landowner liaison procedures
in place, coordinated pipe deliveries
to site, pipe-laying rates achieving
targets, and rehabilitation of the pipe
route generating good feedback from
landowners.
Construction of the Lake Bellfield to
Taylors Lake main transfer trunkline is
utilising 711mm and 1016mm diameter
steel pipe at various locations along
the route. The PVC trunk and
distribution network supplying
Longerenong, Dimboola, Jeparit,
and Rainbow
communities and
farms is progressing
with multiple work
crews. These
sections will be construction to commence by June and the system
operational in commissioned in 2007. This is the final area to be supplied
October 2007. from the Murray River. Planning for the ‘rest of the system’ is
well advanced, in response to the record low storage capacity
The tender-
in the Grampians of 4.9%. Priority in GWMWater planning for
ing process for
2007 is to supply towns and provide water carting points for
Supply System 5
farm access.
(Berriwillock and
Culgoa) is well The original construction plan of ten years has been reviewed
advanced with – to a targeted completion of five years.
desiGn oF Water supply reticulation systeMs
training on oFFer
E
ngineers and technical officers the lectures focusing on planning, Development Program (TDP). The TDP
involved in water supply hydraulic design and approved has now established itself as an impor-
reticulation design or related products; general and structural design; tant industry initiative, and is designed
activities are encouraged to attend a and appurtenances and design review. to improve the technical capability of
training course for the Design of Water Participants have the option to take a the Urban Water Industry. It consists of a
Supply Reticulation Systems. The
three-hour examination after the course rotation program which is now in place;
course is based on the Melbourne
for assessment. Certificates will be a lecture series which is over half way
Retail Water Agency version of the
awarded for attending and for passing through its first round; and dedicated
WSAA Water Supply Code of
Australia and is valuable for water the examination. project work.
industry professionals. There is a cost of $450.00 to attend Nominations for the course will be
Developed by City West Water (CWW), the training, which includes catering accepted before 1 August 2007. For
the course will be held over three full and a comprehensive set of course further information contact Bruce Freer
days on 14, 15 and 16 August 2007 notes. Fifteen places are allotted for the at City West Water on 03 9313 8579 or
at the Victoria University Sunshine course, additional courses will be email bfreer@citywestwater.com.au.
Campus. considered depending on the number
of nominations received.
City West Water Standards and Design
Manager Ross Carruthers will conduct The course is part of CWW’s Technical
WATER MATTERS AUTUMN 2007 5
TRAINING AND OH&S MATTERS
The Victorian Water Industry OH&S Special Guest speaker at the informal Training Package met in Sydney on 26
Network met at the Westernport dinner was AFL legend Tom Hafey who and 27 March to consider a number of
Water Office on 18 and 19 April 2007. coached four AFL teams in his career. project proposals to provide
With a very full agenda, the Network underpinning resources for the
heard presentations from Craig Parker The Network nominated a number Training Package.
of Southern Rural Water on OH&S of representatives to the new OH&S
Compliance, Dr Kal Fried, sports Steering Group which will meet at Victoria was well-represented at the
medicine physician to the Melbourne VicWater on 28 May to develop its meeting with VicWater, Goulburn-
Football Club on the comparisons work plan for next financial year. Murray Water and the Water Training
between sport and work-related Centre in attendance.
injuries and Andrea McLinden of Allianz TRAININg
on injury claim trends in the water The Industry Advisory Committee The VicWater Training Consultative
industry. Wayne Gearon of WorkSafe which assists Government Skills Committee will meet at VicWater on
also presented to the Network on the Australia with the development and 22 May to determine its work plan for
latest WorkSafe initiatives. implementation of the National Water 2007/2008.
Qenos leading the Way
Q
enos is the cornerstone of Recently Qenos also completed a joint continuing to refine the design to
Australia’s plastics industry and audit with City West Water and EPA to ensure maximum amount of treated
is a major supplier of raw look for further reductions in water use water is re-used. They won the 2007
materials used in thousands of and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in their savewater! Award in the industrial
household, consumer and trade waste discharge. category for this project.
industrial products. Their plants in The main water reduction project for They have also reduced their Olefins
Botany, Sydney and Altona, Melbourne 2006 was the recovery of the Resins TDS discharge volume by 30% due to
produce olefins and a full range of effluent stream through the Plastics major conversions of their plant which
polyethylene products (HDPE, LDPE waste water treatment plant for resulted in less caustic soda (sodium
and LLDPE). They also supply a diverse re-use in both the Plastics and Resins hydroxide) being used as part of the
range of specialty polymers. cooling towers. treatment process.
Qenos Altona is City West Water’s This project was originally projected to Qenos is continuing to work with City
biggest water saver, with their Olefins, achieve savings of 90 million litres per West Water to implement innovative
Plastics and Resins sites together year, but refinements have resulted in programs to reduce their reliance on
reducing their water use by over 1.2 actual savings of up to 150 million litres potable water and to reduce their TDS
gigalitres per year since 2002. per year early in 2007. Qenos is discharge volume.
WelcoMe leanne!
L
eanne Cini commenced working for VicWater in March as a Project Officer. As
well as working on a number of specific projects, she will also be involved
with the Victorian Water Educators Task Group and the Water Efficiency
Task Group.
Over the last three and a half years Leanne worked at Coliban Water. For about two
and a half of those years Leanne was Coliban’s Environmental Officer and for the
remaining time was a Project Engineer on the ‘Superpipe’ Project and Epsom Spring
Gully Recycled Water Project. Prior to working at Coliban Water, Leanne worked for
EPA Victoria in the role of VSAP (Victorian Stormwater Action Program) Coordinator
in the North West Region.
Leanne’s background is in the environmental area, with qualifications in
Environmental Engineering Technology and she is looking forward to continuing her
involvement with the water industry from yet another perspective.
Leanne has enjoyed her return to Melbourne after her stint in Bendigo, and has so
far spent most of her lunch breaks shopping up a storm – shame she can’t actually
make it rain!
6 WAT E R M AT T E R S AU T U M N 2 0 07
TASKGROUPTOPICS
Finance issues sustainability plan for the coming year. With extreme
Steering Committee Seminar pressure on many supply systems
(FiSC) The 2007 Sustainability Seminar
across the state, the issue of effectively
managing supply and demand is top
The 2007 Finance Issues Workshop is to “Opportunities and Realities for the
priority. The plan will focus on
be held on the 31 May & 1 June 2007 water industry” was held on the 15 May
improving knowledge of and access
at the Crest on Barkly, 47 Barkly Street, 2007. The Seminar showcased
to other water efficiency programs;
St Kilda. The key speakers at this year’s emerging ideas and opportunities that
improving knowledge of water efficiency
event will be the new Auditor General, have potential to improve the
of alternative water sources; working
Mr Des Pearson and the Chairman of sustainability of the water industry
towards the industry further clarifying
the ESC, Mr Greg Wilson. including; centrally managed
the links between energy use and water
decentralised wastewater systems;
The Workshop provides the water use; keeping abreast of advances in
emerging water-trading and carbon-
industry with an update on key irrigation efficiency; and improved data
trading markets; nanotechnology;
financial issues facing the water analysis methods to measure the
environment & resource efficiency; and
industry and an opportunity to discuss effectiveness of water efficiency
the latest developments in community
issues and network with key industry campaigns.
consultation.
stakeholders including the Department
The Water Efficiency Task Group also
of Sustainability and Environment, A highlight of the Seminar was an
welcomes a new member, Sue Rogers.
Department of Treasury and Finance, afternoon workshop by keynote speaker
Sue is the Communications Manager at
Victorian Auditor General’s office, Dr Kevin White from the United States,
Southern Rural Water. Having Sue as a
Treasury Corporation of Victoria and the who is an internationally recognised
member will ensure that the rural
Essential Services Commission. expert on ‘centrally managed
perspective is represented within
decentralised wastewater systems’.
the group.
Download presentations (http://vicwater.
sustainability org.au/sectionid=538)
taSk group daMs Working group
The Sustainability Task Group met on
GreenHouse eMissions
On 17 March the Dams Working
the 22 March 2007. The Group reduCtion
Group members attended a special
welcomed new members Alison Teese As part of the Greenhouse Emissions Seminar sponsored by DSE on Risks to
(Director, Central Highlands Water), Reduction Framework, Sustainability Dams posed by the Drought. The
Beatrixe Fisher (City West Water) and Victoria have commissioned a panel of speaker on this topic was Dr Gamini
Win Laing (Sustainability Victoria). external consultants to provide a Adikari, Principal Engineer Dams,
Ken Thompson (Yarra Valley Water) and 1-week ‘Greenhouse and Energy SMEC Australia.
Ken Baxter (Melbourne Water) provided Review’ of each water business. The With Victoria’s prolonged drought
two very high quality presentations aim of the review is to identify the most conditions, most dams are empty or are
sharing their respective water appropriate actions for the business operating well below normal levels. This
business’ approach to reducing to reduce greenhouse emissions and situation is unprecedented. Of particular
greenhouse gas emissions and utilise renewable energy, which forms concern are the potential effects of the
practical business applications. The the basis of their five-year ‘Greenhouse dry conditions on earthen and rock fill
presentations covered: opportunities Action Plans’. embankments. The Seminar addressed
and limitations for greenhouse the risks posed to Victorian dams by the
emissions reduction; practical extended drought, as well as the type
Water eFFiciency
applications for reducing emissions; of measures dam owners can adopt to
taSk group
costs involved in such applications; and reduce them. Other aspects covered
what’s in store for future greenhouse The key agenda item at the recent Water included monitoring and surveillance
reduction efforts. Download Efficiency Task Group meeting was to as well as emergency planning and
presentations (http://www.vicwater.org. discuss the progress of the response for potential dam
au/?sectionid=538 ) current business plan and to update the threatening situations.
WATER MATTERS AUTUMN 2007 7
Water Quality issues at
lake glenmaggie and maCaliSter river
A
s the Gippsland community Boisdale, Coongulla and Glenmaggie processes, Gippsland Water has
recovers from the devastat- remains suitable for drinking. since introduced Stage Four Water
ing bushfires which caused “At this stage, test results show that the Restrictions for all customers in the
havoc across the region over sum- raw water quality is stabilising, and is five towns affected.
mer, Gippsland Water is continuing becoming more manageable. However, Mr Mitchell said an issue like this has
to monitor raw water supplies at Lake further rainfall events may cause not occurred on this scale before in the
Glenmaggie and the Macalister River in ongoing issues over future months,” region and Gippsland Water is currently
the north-east of its service area. Mr Mitchell said. uncertain of its severity, or how long it
Recent heavy rainfall has caused Gippsland Water has increased the will persist.
significant amounts of dirt and ash to treatment capacity at the Maffra “If noticeable colour, taste, or odour
wash down into the river and water treatment plant to assist treating increases occur in the treated water
dam water. the raw water from the Macalister supplies, Gippsland Water will
Gippsland Water’s Chief Executive River. Drinking water has also been immediately issue a boil water alert
Officer John Mitchell said that although transported into Coongulla for for to these towns. However, current
the raw water quality continues to be customers supplied by this system. trends indicate the likelihood of a boil
of concern, treated water supplies to To assist the systems to cope with this water event is reducing, although
the local towns of Maffra, Stratford, increased demand on treatment future rainfall events may change
this situation.”
Gippsland Water will continue routine
monitoring of the raw water quality to
assist, manage and plan for any
activities that may be required to
maintain supply to customers. Stage
Four Water Restrictions will also remain
in force for those customers until
further notice.
Those who have concerns about the
quality of their water, or would like
more information about water
restrictions, can contact the Gippsland
Water Service Centre on 1800 066 401
or visit the Gippsland Water website at
www.gippswater.com.au.
Macalister River
seWeraGe and trade Waste serVices
For Coode iSland
T
he Coode Island industrial area agreed that sewerage and trade waste The project was completed on schedule
is a major port facility for the services were needed. and within budget by City West Water
receival and distribution of bulk The site is underlain by ‘Coode Island contractors, Australian Project and
chemicals and shipping containers. Silt’ which is thixotropic and is a very Design Delivery and CDP Networks Pty
difficult construction environment. This, Ltd, using directional drilling. The
In August 1991, a fire at one of the
bulk chemical facilities prompted combined with a high water table, very use of directional drilling saved
concerns that contaminated runoff from heavy traffic and the sensitive nature of considerable time and cost over
the island may potentially threaten the the materials handled on the site, gave conventional trenching methods in this
Yarra and Maribyrnong Rivers and this project a high degree of complexity. difficult situation.
ultimately Port Phillip Bay. In addition, The works, undertaken by City West City West Water completed the
the Island was also a “backlog” sewer Water, involved a 2.5 kilometre pressure sewer system during 2006 as a
area with discharges from the facility pressure sewer network and included cooperative arrangement involving the
needing to be trucked away or treated a bored siphon crossing under the Department of Innovation, Industry and
independently on-site. Maribyrnong River to reach the North Regional Development and the Port of
As a result of these concerns, it was Yarra Sewer Main. Melbourne Corporation.
This publication was printed on Australian made Tudor 100% recycled fibre.
8 WAT E R M AT T E R S AU T U M N 2 0 07 Inks used are vegetable based, and mineral oil free.
