Introduction to UNIX

Introduction to UNIX History of Unix 1960 Software based on Hardware Limits 1969 Ken Thompson Develop a Better Programming Environment 1971 New Operating System - Unix Dennis Richie 2 History of Unix Digital’s Role in Expanding Unix Introduced new PDP Computers 80% of all Colleges used DEC PDPs Included Unix Unix Continues to Evolve Colleges & Universities AT&T Bell Labs 3 History of Unix Problem Need to Port Unix to Other Platforms Unix written in Assembly Language Solution Rewrite Unix Using `B` `B` Limitations `B` Required Modifications to Write Unix 4 History of Unix `B` Programming Language Extensive Changes Made For Unix Renamed to `C` High & Low Level Programming Language Increased Portability Easier to Improve & Enhance Unix 5 History of Unix 1983 AT&T Announces Unix System V 1st Commercial version of Unix Unix Improvements Continue… Unix System V Interface Definition (USVID) Clearly Defines Unix Interface Opens Unix Development 6 Using Unix Graphical Interface Xwindows Command Line Command Prompt 7 Unix Philosophy Simple and Easy to Use Make Each Program Do One Thing Well Expect the Output of One Program To Be The Input Into Another Build New Programs to do the Job Small is Beautiful 8 Accessing Unix Connect to Unix Login Password Perform Necessary Work Logout 9 Important Usage Notes Return Key ESC (Escape Key) Ctrl (Control Key) Unix Is Case Sensitive Upper Case and Lower Case Are Different! Use Lower Case 10 Unix Login `$` Unix Command Prompt Ready For Next Command Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore) Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586 login: rdefe Password: $ 11 Unix Login Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore) Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586 login: rdefe Password: Login incorrect login: rdefe Password: $ Login incorrect Incorrect Login name? Incorrect Password? 12 Unix Login Red Hat Linux release 4.2 (Biltmore) Kernel 2.0.30 on an i586 login: rdefe Password: $ `$` = Command Prompt = Unix Shell Bourne Shell C Shell Korn Shell Bash Shell 13 Changing Your Password Select a ‘Good` Password 7 Characters , Include Non-Alphas $ passwd Password: New password: New password (again): Password changed passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully $ exit Login: Cntrl-D can also be used to logout 14 Changing Your Password $ passwd Password: New password: it's WAY too short New password: Password change aborted passwd: Authentication token manipulation error $ When The Command Doesn’t Work Too Short or Too Simple 15 Correcting Typing Errors Backspace Key Cntrl-h is also backspace Cntrl-c Ignore current line, return to $ Stop Currently Running Command 16 Unix Commands $ x bash: x: command not found $ Making a Mistake The Command Interpreter `bash` Responds `Command not found` 17 Unix Commands $ date Mon May 25 12:44:04 EDT 1998 $ date Current System Date & Time Note: No Arguments & No Options Argument Extra Information Passed along to the command Option Causes the command to do something different 18 Unix Commands cal Displays Current Month $ cal January 1996 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 $ 19 Unix Commands cal [month] [year] Use Arguments to Display a specific Month & Year $ cal 10 1996 October 1996 S M Tu W 1 2 6 7 8 9 13 14 15 16 20 21 22 23 27 28 29 30 $ Arguments Th 3 10 17 24 31 F 4 11 18 25 S 5 12 19 26 20 Unix Commands cal [year] Display An Entire Year Use Cntrl-S/Cntrl-Q to Pause/Unpause Screen $ cal 1996 1996 Jan W Th F S 3 4 5 6 10 11 12 13 17 18 19 20 24 25 26 27 31 Feb W Th F S 1 2 3 7 8 9 10 14 15 16 17 21 22 23 24 28 29 Mar M Tu W Th S 7 14 21 28 M 1 8 15 22 29 Tu 2 9 16 23 30 S M Tu S 4 5 6 11 12 13 18 19 20 25 26 27 3 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 13 14 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 26 27 28 31 F S 1 2 8 9 15 16 22 23 29 30 …more... 21 Unix Commands who Display Current Users Note: No Options & No Arguments $ who rdefe jsmith rdefe $ pts/2 pts/5 pts/1 Aug 23 20:25 Aug 23 22:30 Aug 23 13:53 22 Unix Commands who -q option Display a Quick List of Current Users Option $ who -q rdefe jsmit sbrow users=3 $ 23 Unix Commands mail [login id] Sending Unix Mail Can only correct the line your currently on Add additional logins here $ mail johnd Subject: Test email Hello there This is a test of my first unix email $ To send, hit Cntrl-D on a Blank Line 24 Unix Commands mail Reading Unix Mail $ mail Mail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread >N 1 tonym@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 U 2 kayj@dana.ccri.cc.r Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 3 cteng@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 4 dryac@dana.ccri.cc.r Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 job info Re:passwd mail trouble & Mail Prompt - Enter Mail Commands 25 Unix Commands $ mail Mail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread >N 1 tonym@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 U 2 kayj@dana.ccri.cc.r Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 3 cteng@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 4 dryac@dana.ccri.cc.r Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 job info Re:passwd mail trouble & Reading Mail + (Enter Key) - Display Next Message - Display Previous Message 3 To Display Message 3 26 Unix Commands mail commands h - Display Mail Header Information s [message list] filename - Save message to a file d [message list] - Delete message u [message list] - Undelete message R - Reply to Author r - Reply to All mail [login] - Send email 27 Unix Commands mail commands x - Exit without saving changes No messages deleted q - Exit save changes Deleted messages are deleted Read email moved to a file named mbox $ mail Mail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help. "/var/spool/mail/rdefe": 1 message 1 unread >N 1 tonym@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 U 2 kayj@dana.ccri.cc.r Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 3 cteng@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Mar 12 14:59 15/348 4 dryac@dana.ccri.cc.r Wed Feb 16 16:41 9/261 job info Re: asswd mail trouble 28 & Unix Commands Using mail to read saved mail files -f followed by the file name $ mail -f letters Mail version 5.5-kw 5/30/95. Type ? for help. "letters": 1 message 1 unread > 1 tonym@dana.ccri.cc.r Sat Aug 23 22:54 12/402 2 kayj@dana.ccri.cc.r Tue Apr 12 19:51 60/1000 & job lunch $ mail -f Reads the file mbox when the file argument is left out 29 Unix Commands write [login] Send a message to the screen someone’s screen $ write jsmith This is a test of the write command Press Cntrl-D to return to a $ prompt $ $ Message from rdefe@dana.ccri.cc.ri.us on ttyp0 at 22:59 ... This is a test of the write command jsmith’s terminal 30 Unix Commands mesg Turn online messages on/off $ mesg is y $ mesg n $ mesg is n Display current message status Turn messages off 31 Unix Commands man [unix command] On-line Reference Manual Spacebar - Display Next Page q - Quit http://www.ntua.gr/cgi-bin/man-cgi $ man who WHO(1) NAME who - show who is logged on SYNOPSIS who [-imqsuwHT] [--count] [--idle] [--heading] [--help] [--message] [--mesg] [--version] [--writable] [file] [ami] DESCRIPTION This documentation is no longer being maintained and may be inaccurate or incomplete. The Texinfo documentation is : b - Previous Page 32