Stocks and Shares
EMBA Business English
Stocks and Shares
Objectives
To get familiarized with vocabulary of stocks and shares To read the stock market listing
To describe trends
To describe tables and graphs To review language of similarity and difference
Slide 2
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
securities
bonus issue
common stock (Am.E)/ordinary share(Br.E)
growth stock
penny stock preferred stock
Slide 3
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
blue chip
购股权证
法人股
prospectus
个人股
stockbroker
Slide 4
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
斩仓 brokerage firm/house pension fund price/earnings ratio (PER)
open/close a position
Slide 5
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
主板市场
增股 （美国）纳斯达克 （高技术企业板）
二板市场
配股
Slide 6
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
bear sales 首次上市 全流通 二次上市 国有股减持
Slide 7
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Can you translate the following words and phrases frequently used in the field of securities?
上市 employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs )
Slide 8
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
What do you know about the following world famous stock exchanges?
巴黎证券交易所 美国证券交易所 纽约证券交易所
中西部证券交易所 太平洋沿岸证券交 易所
Slide 9
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
What do you know about the following world famous stock exchanges?
证券交易委员会
上海证券交易所 深圳证券交易所 中国证监会
Slide 10
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Are you familiar with the following indexes?
道·琼斯工业平 均指数 标准普尔指数
美国股票自动报价 市场指数
Slide 11
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Are you familiar with the following indexes?
纽约证券交易所股 票价格指数 日经指数 香港恒生指数
Slide 12
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Translate the following into English
优先股的股东在公司里没有选举权。
普通股的股利是由董事会根据赚得的利润量确定的。
Slide 13
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Translate the following into English
当你的定单填好后，你就和其他所有的交易商一样，加入交易所的交 易群。 现在在香港股市上上市的公司中有4%是大陆公司。
Slide 14
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to read market listings?
GM
L-
72 1/4
O
72 1/2
C
73
B
72 3/8
H
72 ½
NC
–¾
17
A
72 1/2
L
72 ¼
V
149
T 10
Slide 15
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Look at the following extract from the Nasdaq-amex stock market listings. Match the letters a-f with the explanations below.
1. change in share price compared with previous day
2. amount paid out to shareholders for each dollar invested
3. price of shares at close of previous day’s business
4. number of company’s shares traded on previous day
5. highest and lowest prices during previous day
6. price/earnings ratio (current share price divided by earnings per share)
Slide 16 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe market trends
Economic cycle
prosperity
stagnation
recovery
sluggishness
depression
slump
recession
Slide 17 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe general trends
Slide 18
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe general trends
Slide 19
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe in detail using verbs and nouns?
When describing movements on a graph, we can use verbs to talk about upward, downward or horizontal movements.
Slide 20
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Words and phrases to describe an increasing trend
Slide 21
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Words and phrases to describe a decreasing trend
Slide 22
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Words and phrases to describe a horizontal trend
hold/remain stable
hold/remain steady
flatten out level off
remain the same
stabilize remain unchanged
There was little/hardly any/no change in the number of …between…and….
Slide 23
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Verbs of change: match the words with the graphs.
stabilize peak plunge decline increase dip rocket fluctuate recover
Slide 24
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Verbs of change: match the phrases with the graphs.
sales peaked prices climbed sales fluctuated sales dipped inflation soared prices crashed prices leveled off sales bounced back
Slide 25
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Verbs and nouns of change Most verbs also have noun forms. They are generally the same, for example: to climb - a climb to fall - a fall However, there are some exceptions
Slide 28
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Verbs and nouns of change
What’s the verb
What’s the noun
NOTE: The verb form is more frequently used.
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Slide 29
EMBA Business English
Adjectives and adverbs to describe the manner of change
Adjectives which modify nouns, and adverbs, which modify verbs, can also be used to give us more information about the trend, for example, the speed of the change. For example: The year started with a steady decline in sales and stabilized in September. Sales increased slowly during January and then declined steadily until the end of the financial year
Slide 30
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Adjectives and adverbs to describe the manner of change
rise. increase. upward trend. There was a(n) (very)
fluctuation. downward trend. decrease. decline. reduction. fall. drop.
Slide 31
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Adjectives and adverbs to describe the manner of change
increased shot up grew rose A declined reduced decreased dropped fell
Slide 32
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Choose the correct words or expressions to describe trends.
1. The price of gold ______________ since 1999. A.has declined B.a decline C. declined D. declining 2. The number of people watching television rose steadily throughout the day. There was ______________ at 7.30 p.m. when twelve million people were estimated to be watching. A. a rocket B. peaked C. a peak D. rocketed
Slide 33
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Choose the correct words or expressions to describe trends. 3. Sales of sun cream produced by the Lobster Red Corporation __________ by 200,000 in July 2001 compared to the same period in the previous year. A. fell down B. fell C. a fall D. falled
4. After a poor summer, the usage of the sports centre __________ when the students returned from their summer holiday. A. rallied B. rallyed C. rally D. a recovery
Slide 34
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Choose the correct words or expressions to describe trends. 5. The Euro __________ at a rate of about 1.6 Euros to the pound with only minor fluctuations A. stabilized B. has stabilization C. stable D. stabled 6. The number of babies called David born in Mancaster Hospital__________by 56% after David Deckham scored the winning goal in the World Cup match against Germany. A. a rise B. rose C. rise D. raised
Slide 35
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe a trend 黑色星期一发生在一九八七年十月十九日。那天，美国股票市场价格 大幅度下跌，结果加速了包括伦敦和东京在内的全世界股票市场的巨 大损失。其中，在交易日结束时，道琼斯工业平均指数下跌了五百点 ，这意味着股票价值的损失已超过22.5%。
Black Monday took place on October 19, 1987, the day on which stock market prices in the US, accelerating steep losses in stock markets around the world, including London and Tokyo. By the end of the day the Dow-Jones Industrial Average more than 500 points, representing a loss of more than 22.5% in the value of its stocks.
Slide 36
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to describe a trend
自春天以来，债券市场很不景气，股票市场平均 指数先升后平，这些都是这次大跌的先兆。黑色 星期一持续了一周。到一九八七年年底，股票市 场平均指数已经略高于一九八六年年底股票市场 平均指数的总和。 The crash had been preceded by severer in the bond market since the spring and a of the rise in the stock market averages. During the week following Black Monday the crisis eased, and by the end of 1987 the stock market averages were slightly ahead of their totals at the end of 1986.
Slide 37 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to refer to a diagram, chart etc.
As can be seen As is shown It can be seen We can see from in the
chart, diagram, table, graph, figures, statistics,
...
that…
According to
Slide 38
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to refer to a diagram, chart etc.
As can be seen It can be seen We can see As is shown from in
table 1, figure 2, graph 3, the pictures
…
in
Slide 39
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to refer to a diagram, chart etc.
table 1 figure 2 From it
can be
the
figures chart diagram
may
seen concluded shown estimated calculated inferred
that…
Slide 40
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to refer to a diagram, chart etc.
table 1 figure 2 From the we
can
draw a conclusion that…
figures chart diagram
may
see clearly
Slide 41
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to refer to a diagram, chart etc.
The graph Figure 1 What is shown in the table above
shows indicates
that…
Slide 42
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Choose the most appropriate option to complete each statement, which describes the graphs.
1. Car production shows _______________ . A. a slight decline B. a dramatic increase C. a slight increase D. a dramatic decline
Slide 43
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
2. Production _______________________________. A. reached a peak and then fell down rapidly. B. slumped and then reached a peak. C. reached a peak and then fell rapidly. D. reached a peak rapidly and then fell.
Slide 44
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
3. Costs of production____________________________________. A. held steady and then rose substantially. B. rose substantially and then held steady. C. rose steadily and then stabilized. D. held substantially and then stabilized.
Slide 45
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
4. Coffee sales _____________________. A. have increased dramatically. B. decreased slightly. C. increased slightly. D. decreased dramatically.
Slide 46
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Draw a graph showing the price for Amazon.com shares over a 12 month period (June 1998 – June 1999) based on the following description. Pay attention to the words and p h r a s e s i n r e d . As you can see, there was a general upward trend in the first six months, with shares going from just $14 to over $100 a share by December last year. But then in January this year, they really took off, soaring to almost $200. Predictably enough, investors took advantage of these sharp gains and we saw a sell-off, which meant that by February, Amazon shares had fallen back to their December level again. Then there was a very strong recovery and by May, they’d more than doubled in value again, peaking at nearly $220. In the last four weeks, the price has collapsed by nearly 50 cent and finally the price was down almost $6 at just over $111.
Slide 47
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Slide 48
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Fill in the blanks with words and phrases describing the graph.
U
n
i t s
Sales (per unit sold) of Frosty Fish Fingers
As can be seen on this graph, the sales of Frosty Fish Fingers ______________ from the start of the 2004-1 financial year. The year started with a _____________ in sales and__________ in September. Sales then ________________ to a peak in November. During December sales ______________ again, which can be attributed to the Christmas season and a general preference among the population for turkey rather than fish. However, sales ______________ during January but then ______________ u n t i l t h e e n d o f t h e f i n a n c i a l y e a r .
Slide 49 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Write a paragraph to describe the following graph.
Slide 50
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare (similarities)
comparison with respect to price. as regards price. with regard to price. as far as price concerned. regarding price. in that the price is the same. in terms of price. in price.
A is like B A and B are similar A is similar to B A is the same as B A resembles B
Slide 51
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare comparison Both A and B cost £1,174. A is as expensive as B. A costs the same as B. A is the same price as B. Both share prices rose sharply in January. Neither company has made a profit yet. Like A, B fell in June. A rose just as sharply as B.
Slide 52
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare comparison Similarly, it has a high capacity hard disk. Likewise, it has a high capacity hard disk. Correspondingly, it has a high capacity hard disk. It has a high capacity hard disk, too. It also has a high capacity hard disk.
A has a large screen.
Slide 53
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare (differences) contrast
A differs from B A is unlike B A and B differ A is different from B A contrasts with B
with respect to price. as regards price. as far as price concerned. regarding price. in terms of price. in price.
Slide 54
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare contrast
A fell sharply
A fell quickly Unlike A,
whereas/while/but B remained steady.
compared to B. B rose by 10%.
A rose far more dramatically than B. A is more expensive than B. A costs more than B. A is not as expensive as B. A costs £1,174, in contrast to B, which costs £2,467.
The S&P new-issues index was vs. a 30% rise in its small-cap index. up 92% last year,
Slide 55 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare
contrast
A is expensive to buy.
On the other hand, it is very fast and has a large screen. In contrast, it is very fast and has a large screen. Conversely, it is very fast and has a large screen. However, it is very fast and has a large screen.
Slide 56
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
How to compare contrast
Although the Armani is expensive to it is very fast and has a large buy, screen. Despite the high price of the Armani,
Slide 57
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Write a report to describe the graph which shows the share price of two companies from 1996 to 2000.
Slide 58
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Look at the share prices of IBM Corporation and America Online, Inc. over a twelve-month period. Write a 100-word report comparing the performance of the two shares.
Slide 59
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Analysis of the graph
Compare the similarity and difference in terms of time frames:
Time frame IBM AOL
Stage 1 Similarities: Until December, From June to December
Stage 2
Differences:
From December to March, Over the next three months, In the three months that followed Stage 3 Differences:
From March to next June
Slide 60
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Analysis of the graph Stage 1 Both IBM and AOL shares showed a general upward trend until the end of 1998. Stage 2 However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. Stage 3 AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They peaked at $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 by June 1999. During this time, IBM shares made a steady recovery, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.
Slide 61 Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Pay attention to the words and phrases in red. Learn how to describe trends. Both IBM and AOL shares showed a general upward trend until the end of 1998. However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They peaked at $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 by June 1999. During this time, IBM shares made a steady recovery, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.
Slide 62
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Pay attention to the words and phrases in blue. Learn how to compare trends. Both IBM and AOL shares showed a general upward trend until the end of 1998. However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They peaked at $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 by June 1999. During this time, IBM shares made a steady recovery, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.
Slide 63
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Pay attention to the words and phrases in purple. Learn how to refer to different stages when describing trends.
Both IBM and AOL shares showed a general upward trend until the end of 1998. However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They peaked at $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 by June 1999. During this time, IBM shares made a steady recovery, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.
Slide 64
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University
EMBA Business English
Pay attention to the words and phrases in green. Learn how to express the degree of change.
Both IBM and AOL shares showed a general upward trend until the end of 1998. However, while AOL shares then continued to rise steadily over the next three months, the price of IBM shares fell slightly. By March 1999 both shares were worth about $100. AOL shares then shot up, almost doubling in value within four weeks. They peaked at $180 in mid-April before collapsing to just over $100 by June 1999. During this time, IBM shares made a steady recovery, finishing at just over $100, almost equal to AOL.
Slide 65
Aetna School of Management Shanghai Jiao Tong University