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AP US HISTORY
ELMORE
FALL 2007
UNIT THREE: THE BIRTH OF A NEW COUNTRY
The US Constitution is one of the most influential documents in the history of modern
governance. The system of government established by the writers of this document not only
reflected and helped to ensure the hopes and desires of many citizens of the newly independent
American state, but, perhaps more importantly, this system has served as a dramatic symbol for
those people throughout the world who have struggled against tyranny and oppression ever since.
This document has also served as a model for the creation of new governments over the past two
hundred years. Nevertheless, some scholars, including Howard Zinn and Charles Beard, who wrote
An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution, contend that this document is not the democratic
mantra that its supporters proclaim it to be. These critics argue that the Constitution was designed
primarily to protect the economic interests of the aristocracy, not only from the tyranny of the
government, but also from the political pressures of the lower classes. They point to the ideas of the
separation of powers, federalism, and checks and balances as being primarily ways in which the
elites of American society could insulate themselves from the will of the common people rather
than efforts to protect against tyrannical government. These scholars also look to the writings of
James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton in The Federalist Papers to support their
contentions. Finally, they look to the actions of some of the founding fathers, like Washington,
Hamilton, Adams, and even Jefferson to find support for this theory. During this unit, we will
examine this evidence in order to assess the validity of this theory as compared to the more
traditional views of most Americans. As always, finding the truth requires a delicate balance of
inquisitiveness, interpretation, speculation, and appreciation for subtlety. There are seldom absolute
or simple answers to these complex problems. In this unit, we will continue to examine both
political documents and political events with an eye toward addressing, albeit not definitively, this
complex issue. In addition, we will trace the important formative events in the early history of this
newly-founded country leading up to the most important political transformation in our early
history: the election of Andrew Jackson.
EXAM DATE: Monday, October 22nd (100 points)
QUIZZES:
1) Thursday, October 4th (25 points): Brinkley, Chapter 6
2) Tuesday, October 9th (15 points): “Shay’s Rebellion:
The First American Civil War”
3) Wednesday, October 10th (25 points): Brinkley, Chapter 7
4) Tuesday, October 16th (25 points): Brinkley, Chapter 8
UNIT SKILLS
1) Conflict and Compromise
2) Using and Constructing Maps
3) Library and Internet Research
4) Understanding Domestic and Foreign Policy
5) Constitutional Analysis and Interpretation
READING ASSIGNMENTS:
1) Brinkley, Ch. 6, 7 & 8
2) “Shay’s Rebellion: The First American Civil
War” by Stephen Gillon in Unit Planner
3) The Constitution and the first twelve
amendments, pgs. A-12- A-19
KEY TOPICS
1. Opportunities and Obstacles in Post-War America
2. The Constitutional Convention and the US Constitution
3. Federalists, Anti-federalists, and the Fight
for Ratification
4. Washington, Hamilton, Adams and the Federalist
Government: Domestic Policy
5. Washington, Hamilton, Adams and the Federalist
Government: Foreign Policy
6. Jefferson, Madison, and the Republican Opposition
7. The Revolution of 1800
8. Cultural Nationalism & Industrialism
9. Jefferson’s Domestic Policy and Foreign Policy
10. The War of 1812
11. American Nationalism, Economic Growth and Expansion
12. The Era of Good Feelings
13. John Marshall and the Supreme Court
14. Western Expansion and the Missouri Compromise
15. The “Corrupt Bargain” Election of 1824
and the Adams Presidency
WRITING ASSINGMENTS:
1) Map Assignment (20 pts.) Due Monday, October 15th
Complete the map assignment in the Unit Planner. You will need to fill out the map
completely, accurately, and neatly. You may use the map provided. However, you may
earn up to five extra credit points if you make the map larger (up to 11” by 14”- but no
larger) and five extra credit points if you do the map in color. This means you can earn a
total of 10 extra credit points for this assignment.
2) Primary Source Document Analysis (30 pts.) Due Monday, October 22nd
Complete the attached Primary Source Document Analysis Worksheet with a primary
source that you have found relating to your NHD project. Your analysis should reflect how
you would use this document in your project.
EXAM REVIEW SHEET
KEY TERMS
Confederation Congress Annapolis Convention Newburgh Conspiracy
George Washington Alexander Hamilton Articles of Confederation
James Madison Philadelphia Convention Shay’s Rebellion
Benjamin Franklin Edmund Randolph Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan Great Compromise Connecticut Compromise
bicameral legislature Three-fifths Compromise federal government
sovereignty The Constitution Baron de Montesquieu
Charles Beard An Economic Interpretation of the Constitution
separation of powers checks and balances federalism
The Federalist Papers Federalists John Jay
Antifederalists ratification Bill of Rights
Judiciary Act of 1789 George Mason Henry Knox
Bank of the United States Washington, D.C. assumption of debt
funding the debt protective tariff “Report on Manufactures”
excise tax Republicans Whiskey Rebellion
strict construction vs. broad construction new states Citizen Genet
French Revolution Neutrality Act Jay’s Treaty
Farewell Address Pinckney’s Treaty James Monroe
John Adams Thomas Pinckney Thomas Jefferson
Eleventh Amendment Twelfth Amendment Prince Talleyrand
XYZ Affair Quasi-War with France Aaron Burr
Alien and Sedition Acts Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions nullification
Revolution of 1800 political parties Judiciary Act of 1801
cultural nationalism virtuous citizenry public schooling
private schools republican mother Judith Sargent Murray
noble savages state universities Benjamin Rush
Noah Webster Washington Irving Mercy Otis Warren
Deism Second Great Awakening John Wesley
universalism/Unitarianism The Age of Reason Thomas Paine
revivalism Gabriel Prosser Handsome Lake
Samuel Slater Eli Whitney cotton gin
interchangeable parts James Watt steam engine
Robert Fulton steamboat Robert Livingston
Clermont turnpike era Pierre L’Enfant
White House Charles Pinckney Albert Gallitin
Barbary Pirates pasha of Tripoli tribute
John Marshall Marbury v. Madison midnight appointments
William Marbury judicial review Samuel Chase
Napoleon Bonaparte New Orleans Toussaint L’Ouverture
Louisiana Purchase Meriwether Lewis George Clark
Sacajawea Zebulon Pike Burr Conspiracy
Northern Confederacy James Wilkinson Continental System
orders in council blockade impressment
Chesapeake-Leopard incident Embargo of 1807 peacable coercion
Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Macon’s Bill No. 2 Tecumseh
William Henry Harrison assimilation policy the Prophet
Battle of Tippecanoe war hawks Henry Clay
John C. Calhoun Florida War of 1812
Battle of Horseshoe Band Oliver Hazard Perry Andrew Jackson
Siege of Fort McHenry Francis Scott Key “The Star Spangled Banner”
Battle of New Orleans Daniel Webster Hartford Convention
Rush-Bagot agreement Treaty of Ghent textile industry
Second Bank of the US infant industries protectionism
internal improvements Cumberland (National) Road Lancaster Turnpike
James Monroe Great Migrations John Jacob Astor
plantation system mountain men Far West
Era of Good Feelings John Quincy Adams Rufus King
Virginia Dynasty Goodwill Tour The Seminole War
Adams-Onis Treaty Andrew Jackson Panic of 1819
Missouri Compromise sectionalism Tallmadge Amendment
DeWitt Clinton Jesse Thomas Fletcher v. Peck (1810)
Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Cohens v. Virginia (1821)
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Johnson v. McIntosh (1823)
Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Monroe Doctrine Corrupt Bargain
Election of 1824 King Caucus Tariff of Abominations
the American System William Crawford Election of 1828
ESSAY QUESTIONS:
1) “Initially, ratification of the Constitution was highly unlikely, and only after a fierce debate
did a combination of factors bring about its adoption by the thirteen states.” Assess the
validity of this statement with reference to the roles and influences of the following: (a)
Anti-federalists; (b) The Federalist Papers; and (c) compromise on the Bill of Rights
2) “America’s first foreign policy, formulated by presidents Washington and Adams, had as its
primary goal the avoidance of war at all cost.” Assess the validity of this statement in terms
of THREE of the following: (a) Citizen Genet controversy; (b) Jay Treaty; (c)
Proclamation of Neutrality; (d) XYZ Affair
3) “We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists.” Assess this statement by President
Jefferson with respect to (a) his domestic policies and (b) his foreign policies.
4) “The early part of the 19th Century was marked by strong pressures to force Native
Americans from their lands along the western frontier of the United States.” Assess the
validity of this statement with reference to THREE of the following: (a) Andrew Jackson,
(b) Tecumseh, (c) Lewis and Clark expedition, (d) William Henry Harrison
5) Explain the influence of THREE of the following on the US decision to go to war in 1812:
(a) embargo policies of Jefferson and Madison, (b) British impressment of American
seaman, (c) settler’s conflicts with the Native Americans, (d) expansionist goals of the war
hawks
6) “The genius of the Constitution is found in the series of compromises which
made it acceptable to so many.” Assess the validity of this statement with respect to how
the delegates dealt with: (a) representation; (b) the presidency; and (c) slavery.
7) Explain how THREE of the following helped to bring about a shift from agricultural to an
industrial economy in the US in the early 1800s: a) commercial farming; b) factory system
c) inventions; d) labor; e) transportation
8) Although the power of the national government increased during the early republic, this
development often faced serious opposition. Compare the motives and effectiveness of
those opposed to the growing power of the national government in TWO of the following:
Whiskey Rebellion, 1794; Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, 1798-1799, or Hartford
Convention, 1814-1815.
9) Analyze the contributions of TWO of the following in helping establish a stable government
after the adoption of the Constitution: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, or George
Washington.
10) Analyze the impact of the American Revolution on both slavery and the status of women in
the period 1775-1800.
11) To what extent was the election of 1800 aptly named “The Revolution of 1800”? Respond
with references in TWO of the following areas: economics; foreign policy; judiciary;
politics.
12) Historians have traditionally labeled the period after the War of 1812 as the Era of Good
Feelings. Evaluate the accuracy of this label, considering the emergence of both nationalism
and sectionalism.
13) To what extent was the United States Constitution a radical departure from the Articles of
Confederation?
14) “The United States Constitution of 1787 represented an economic and ideological victory
for the traditional American political elite.” Assess the validity of this statement for the
period 1781-1789.
