Distributed Accounting on the GRID A Vision Statement
Original Paper by Bill Thigpen and Tom Hacker Revised by Laura McGinnis
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Issues
• Mapping resource usage to GRID users • Defining a usage economy or methods for resource exchange • Describing implementation standards that minimize and compartmentalize the tasks required for a site to participate in GRID accounting.
16 July 2001 L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Functional Requirements
• • • • • Decentralized Scalable Flexible Minimal impact on local accounting Should not make limiting assumptions about local practices
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
16 July 2001
Mapping Usage to Users
• Local Accounts
• Identity • Credentials • Scalability
• Data transfer between provider and consumer • “Accountless Accounting”
16 July 2001 L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Economic Model for Exchange
In a free market economy, the allocation of resources is determined solely by supply and demand. Ideally, supply and demand are not subject to regulation other than normal competition, but property rights are allocated and upheld so that trade can occur.
Based on definitions from The Penguin Dictionary of Economics, edited by Graham Bannock, R. E. Baxter, and Evan Davis; 1998 (http://www.xrefer.com).
16 July 2001 L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Characteristics of FME
Suppliers Resource Control Value Implementation
Autonomy
Consumers Resource Selection Price Utilization
Independence
Exchange Automatic way to regulate the utilization of site resources by external resource consumers
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Concepts and Definitions
• Supplier: A provider of GRID resources • Consumer: A user of GRID resources • Value: A measurement of the usage of GRID resources. In the consumer’s perspective, this could be seen as cost or price. • Exchange: The act of utilizing GRID resources provided by a GRID supplier and received by a GRID consumer
16 July 2001 L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Supplier Sites
• • • • Provider Rates Quotes Track Utilization Job Account Information
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Consumer Sites
• • • • Usage Quote (“How much will this cost?”) Usage Request (“OK. I’ll buy it.”) Quote Cancellation (“Never mind.”) Usage Query (“How much did I spend?”)
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Valuing Resources
• Base value is set by resource “owner”
• Value can be used to attract or deter users
• Value must be quotable on request • Supplier can decide what credentials are required from users
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center
Functionality & Methodology
• • • • • Chargeable items Conflict Resolution Account Balancing Policies Data interchange
16 July 2001
L. McGinnis Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center