聯合n有限公司及其集F成T，在過去的三十年，W⒂诩織布的成a及

							聯合龍黱有限公司及其集團成員，在過去的三十年，專注于紡織布的成產及銷售，同時在不同的
地區，包括中國內地，香港，台灣，美國及墨西哥，設立我們的銷售及生產網絡。

  我們現以中國內地，台灣及墨西哥為我們的紡織布的主要生產基地，而同時，在我們的香
港總公司和我們在美國的公司，設立我們的銷售，日常支援及新產品開發，以更貼近我們的主要
市場的要求。


  我們所生產的主要產品包括各種由我們公司所開發的牛仔及染色布，這包括由我們公司獨有
生產的不同特色的絲光牛仔布，天絲布，及以不同獨有技術加工和生產的牛仔和染色。我們亦有
不同的紡織布以附合不同品牌和人仕的要求，這包括全棉，特紡棉，彈力，混紡棉及據有特色功
能的布種。


  我們現有的生產能力包括了在我們新會廠，以每月三百萬碼的牛仔產量。同時在   我們的台
灣的廠，能同時有能力每月生產七十五萬的染色紡織布。而我們于墨西哥的廠就有能力直接供應
到美國及周邊地區的生產基地。


主要的生產基地      :   中國新會，墨西哥，台灣




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周先生
香港新界區屯門市新平街二號,屯門工業中心二字樓 c1 室
我們的公司的所有現有及新產品，在推出市場前，都先經過我們的內部嚴緊的測試及批準，同時亦就產品
手感，紡織設計，顏色作出各方面的更進。我們有幸成為以下所提及的客戶的主要供應商，他們如下（因
客戶眾多，請恕不能盡錄）




品貭管制

除了在香港和我們廠房一隊經驗豐富的品貭管理人員，為我們監察及品貭管理外,我們亦擁
有先進及附合國際測試標準的各種儀器。這些儀器都附合美國及世界各地的測試標準。

ISO   認証    :

聯合龍黱有限公司身為國際認可的 ISO9000:2000 的紡織貿昜公司,以確保
以最高效的文件記錄及處理,同時確保優貭的客戶服務。同時確保所有的訂
單由查詢，訂購，生產至交貨都有專業的銷售及客戶服務人員全程跟進。

審查及貭量管理




我們公司的日常運作採用國際知名的”五常法管理”,以確保逹到最高標準的
  效率，溝通及更佳及安全的工作環璄。這包括：
  常組織
  常整頓
  常清潔
  常規範
  常自律




企業精神
管理:沒有不老的方法，只有常青的思維
生產:把一顆種子栽成森林
品質:永遠如登險峰
營銷:把所有的沙漠變成綠洲


辦房設計
我們位於屯門區的辦房佔地超過五千平方尺。就近於我們在香港的辦公室。辦房
內掛有由我們及我們集團所生產的各類最新的產品。這些產品都經過我們的設計
師精心設計，及在不同國家以獨特的洗水效果配合，以表逹出各式布種所獨有的
效果。
我們相信在工作忙碌的同時，亦應保持身心健康。因此我們在辦房內加設了不少
專為您而設計的舒適及休閒的空間，讓您能在忙碌中偷閒。
設計的城中花園，加設了自然的植物和小動物，為整個地方制造一個鳥雨花香的環境
我們的辦房亦特設了電腦房。所有電腦都擁有視像及音響系統，同時亦可以聯上互聯網。如
果你傾向使用你自身攜帶的手提或掌上電腦,我們亦提供安全及免費的無線上網，讓你能輕
鬆的處理你日常的工作
我們辦房同時設有時下最新的休閒設施，這包括美式桌球,按摩椅，休息座椅等等，讓您
在工作的同時，能有少許的休息時間




关于牛仔
Technical Information of Denim for Merchandisers As an ordinary consumer shopping around for
a pair of Jeans. What are you looking for? A brand, a label, a hangtag, a fashion, a silhouette, a
simple casual outfit or just something that you feel comfortable and proud to wear. In most case,
you may be more savvier and picky that you think you are. The essence is, you may not be able to
tell the difference between right hand twill and left hand twill, or between ring-spun and
open-ended, but you probably can feel the difference by the hand.
What is the intrinsic value behind a pair of 19.99 jeans compared to a 120 dollars one. Do you
happen to know why certain jeans feel softer, last longer, state in shape better or simply just cost
more. And what are your preferences?

To answer some of these questions, we have the following for your perusal at your leisure.

What is Denim?

About Yarns and Spinning

About Weaving

About Dyeing

About Finishing and Washing

If you want to know more on the above, please feel free to contact us.




What is Denim?
Denim is a sturdy, indigo-dyed cotton fabric, available in different weights and qualities, usually
within the range of 4 oz to 15 oz/sq.yd. that are used to make jeans. What differentiates it from an
ordinary piece-dyed twill is that it is woven with a dyed warp yarn and a natural fill yarn, resulting
in its unique fading and wear-down qualities. The word denim originate from the French
name ’serge de Nimes’, which is a fabric from Nimes in France during the Middle Age.
Here are some of the Technical Terms that a Denim or Jeans Merchandiser should know.

About Yarns and Spinning

Carding:
A spinning process in which cotton fibers are cleaned and paralleled.

Cotton Fiber:
All denim begins with cotton fiber – ideally fiber that has a uniform fineness and length that will
give the yarn strength and dyeability. Yarns are spun using either ring-spinning or open-end
spinning equipment.

Open-ended:
Often referred to by the initial OE. Open-end spinning is an efficient yarn spinning process
introduced in the early 70s that skips several processes of conventional ring-spinning, making the
yarn faster and in a less expensive way. Cotton fibers are ’mock twisted’ by blowing them together,
creating bulkier yarns and thus bulkier, coarser denim. The strength of OE yarn in general is
weaker than ring-spun yarn due to the mock twist.

Ring-Spun:
The conventional way of spinning cotton yarn going through the whole series of spinning process
from Opening (Bale-Breaking and Blending), Carding, Drawing (Sliver), Roving and
Ring-Spinning. Yarns are formed by uniformly twisting the yarns. Denim using ring-spun yarn has
this authentic unevenness that gives jeans a real vintage look. Ring-spun denim is often softer,
stronger and has greater character than open-end.

Ring/OE:
Denim is woven by using ring-spun yarn for the warp and open-end yarn for the weft. The result is
a softer denim than open-ended, but without the unique characteristic inherent in ring-spun denim.

Ring/Ring:
Denim using ring-spun yarn in both directions.

Roving:
A semi-finished product in the spinning process, during which the cotton fiber is drafted from
sliver into smaller and finer form, that is ready for the next process of ring spinning.

Sliver:
A semi-finished product of the spinning process, which is a loose, soft, untwisted strand of cotton
fiber out of a carding machine, or a drawing frame (where sliver are mixed.

Slub:
A short yarn imperfection that is irregular in diameter. A slub can be a defect, and can be
intentionally put on a piece of fabric, for example to do an imitation ring by open-end slub yarns.

Staple:
Lengths of fiber before they are twisted and spun into yarn. In general, cotton fibers for denims
are often referred to as the short staple, with fiber’s length of between 1 inch to 1-1/16th of an
inch.

About Weaving

2x1 Twill:
A two up one down weave, that are often found in mid-weight that produces a light bottom weight
denim usually in the range of 10 to 13 ounces.

3x1 Twill:
A traditional 3 up one down weave, that produces the most conventional heavy weight of 14
ounces or above weighed denim.

Broken Twill:
A 3x1 weave where the traditional weave twill rib does not run in a straight diagonal line, but
rather changes direction. This reduces fabric torque, and basically eliminated leg twisting problem.
Preskewing is not required on Broken Twill.

Plain Weave:
A 1x1 weave that allows each filling yarn to pass through alternatively one over and one under
each warp yarn, or you can simply call it a one up one down weave.

Left Hand Twill (LHT):
A twill weave which produces a diagonal line or twill line that runs from lower right to the upper
left. Some people refer it as the ’S’ Twill weave.

Right Hand Twill (RHT):
A twill weave which produces a diagonal line or twill line than runs from lower left to the upper
right. Some people refer it as the ’Z’ Twill weave.

Selvedge (or Selvage):
The narrow woven edge of fabric parallel tot he warp that prevents ravelling.

Tear Strength:
The strength of a fabric when pulled in the horizontal direction until it breaks.

Tensile Strength:
The strength of a fabric when pulled in the vertical direction until its breaks.

Weight:
Denim can be woven in a variety of weights, from four to 15 ounces. In general, Light-weight
denim ranges from 6 to 10 ounces, medium weights are from 11 to 13 ounces, and heavy weights
are 14 ounces and above.

About Dyeing

Beam:
A cylinder on which warp yarns are seperated and wound for further procesing.

Beam Dyeing:
A dyeing method whereby warp yarn is wound onto a steel beam, and then usually about 12 to 16
of these beams are joined together to form a sheet of warp yarns (usually between 3,000 to 7,500
ends), and run through different arrangement of dye box and drying units called a dyeing range for
Indigo Dyeing. There are two sets of arrangement the Slasher Dyeing and the Loop Dyeing
Method for the Beam Dyeing for Denim.

Cast:
The underlying hue of a fabric typically created with sulphur dyes before the Indigo. If a black
sulphur dye is used, denim will have a grey cast that creates an authentic worn-out antiqued look.

Color fastness:
Resistance to Color Change.

Dips:
Immersion of yarn or fabrics in dye. With each dip, the shade darkens. In the Amercian Denim
industry, two dips in indigo equals a 4 percent Indigo concentration. Four dips equals 8 percent, 8
dips = 16 percent (which is the normal Indigo Standard color), and 16 dips = 32 percent
concentration (which is the traditional darkest indigo. However, these days, even 22 dips is quoted
as possible by some manufacturers.

Fixatives:
Chemicals used in dyeing to promote and improve color fastness.

Garment Dyeing:
Overdyeing in garment form. With jeans, the denim is dyed in the laundry. A good way to tell
whether a pair of jeans is being garment dyed is to look at the pocket linings. They will be dyed as
well.

Indigo:
Originally a natural blue dye extracted from plants, in particular, the Indigofera plant. Most indigo
dyes today are petroleum-based synthetics.

Kier:
Large metal pressurized tanks used for dyeing.
Mercerized:
In beam dyeing of warps for denim, cotton yarn is treated with caustic soda to increase luster and
the outer fibers’ affinity for dyes. The aftermaths of a mercerized yarn-dyed denim will bear a
special after wash effect, such that when these fabric is being stone washed, this outer color chips
off easily, creating a high-contrast ’synthetic’ salt-and-pepper look.

Overdyeing:
A second dyeing process whereby additional dyeing takes place after the yarn has been already
dyed a first time. Overdyeing can be done as yarn over-dyeing and fabric over-dyeing depending
on the mode of this second time dyeing applications.

Package Dyeing:
Depends on the type of package form selected, it can also be called Cheese Dyeing or Cone
Dyeing. This is basically a dyeing method in which yarn is wound onto a perforated steel tubes or
rods and into a package of cone or cheese, and then up to 72 packages are dyed together in a Kier,
where high temperature and pressure can be added for the application of Reactive Dyestuff that
can create good color fastness yarn dyeing. Demerits are that cost is high, high potential for dye
lots problem. The weft yarns of color weft inserted denim is usually done by package dyeing.

Piece-Dyeing:
Dyeing fabric in full width on greige fabric taken out from the weaving looms. Normally, for
denim related sportswear cotton piece-dyed, it is either done in Jigger Dye or on a continuous
dyeing range.

Raw Stock Dyeing (or Top Dyeing):
When cotton is dyed in the staple fiber form, prior to the spinning process.

Ring Dyeing:
A unique characteristic of indigo denim in which only the outer ring of fibers in the yarn are dyed,
leaving an undyed core promoting abrasion and fading.

Rope Dyeing:
300 to 400 ends of continuous warp end are gathered to form a rope. Then 12 to 36 ropes are
dipped into a series of dye boxes along an indigo dyeing range, where dyeing occurs.

Sulphur Bottom:
Warp yarns are pretreated with sulphur dye prior to being dipped into indigo, usually an extra dye
box and oxidation unit is inserted in front of the indigo dyeing range. This promotes a quicker
wash-down (the sulphur protects the yarn’s core from the indigo), and can also change the cast or
hue of the denim to yellow or grey for a vintage look. Degree of bottoming can be vary to create
the desirable afterwash effect.

Sulphur Dyes:
A class of synthetic cellulosic dyestuffs based on sulphur have have a rapid strike rate (typically
just one dip is needed) compared with indigo dyes. This group is largely used for dark shades,
black in particular, and has moderate-to-good fastness to light, poor fastness to bleach, and
reasonably good fastness to washing. Most color denim yarn-dyeing used Sulphur Dyes.

Sulphur Top:
Yarns are sulphur-dyed after they have been indigo-dyed. The sulphur topping adds depth to the
color. It is at present widely used in very dark shades of Indigo to create novelty looks.

Warp Size:
A think liquid consists mainly of starch, wax, lubricant and binder. Their application is needed to
stiffen the warp yarns, so that they can better stand the stress of weaving on looms.

Vat Dyes:
A class of dyestuffs marked by a high degree of color fastness, especially to light and washing.
The colors are brilliant, and almost any shade can be obtained.

About Finishing and Washing

Acid Wash:
A popular jeans finishing method in the early 80s, where jeans were dipped in acid baths giving
the denim a mottled, high-contract appearance.

Alpha Amylase Enzyme:
This is the main chemical used to dissolve the starch or so called desizing. This enzyme eats up
the starches used in insoluble sizing, breaking them down into soluble sugars that dissolve during
laundry.

Aluminium Oxide:
Used in the sandblasting process, it is replacing silica sand for safety and environmental reasons.

Antique Finish:
Jeans finish involving a combination of stonewashing/enzymes abrasion, bleach and softeners to
create a well-worn vintage look.

Bleached:
Jeans finish involving a bleach bath, typically hypochlorite:, the result is a smooth, light blue
appearance. Bleaching can not be done on sulphur dyes, sulphur bottoming or sulphur topped
denim, otherwise those effects will be completely removed. Hydrogen peroxide may be used as a
substitute in certain application.

Cat whiskers:
A trendy aging-simulated effect created during sandblasting that mimics the naturally occurring
creases across the zipper and thigh area of a pair of jeans from hip to hip.
Desizing:
A wet-processing operation that removes warp sizing chemicals (ususally starch) from fabric.
Without proper desizing, streaks and cracks can occur during finishing of fabric at the
finishing/sanforizing range.

DE (diatomaceous earth):
Fine, fossilized remains of ancient animals used as abrasive in Jeans finishing.

Enzymes:
The advent of cellulase enzymes, protein-like substances that actually eat away at cotton fibers
(which are made of cellulose) and at color, has lowered the cost and cut the time spend creating a
desirable stonewash effect. However, too long an enzyme wash may actually cause too much
damage to the fabric.

Hydrogen Peroxide:
Used in the cleaning process, after abrasion, to clear away excess indigo from fibers. Sometimes
used as a bleaching agent for sulphur colors, or replacing amalyse enzymes in a desizing process.

Mill-Washed:
Refers to denim washed in the mill prior to garment manufacturing to remove lose color and
soften fabric. This normally happens when denim are used as furnishing fabric. As in most case
garment washing is much, much cheaper than fabric mill-wash.

Ozone:
A new finishing fad in which naturally occurring ozone gas is used to decolorize indigo; it reacts
with the dyes like bleach would, but gives a high contrast finish. An example will be the
application of it on dark indigo denim, in which the whole jeans remains dark, but only abraded
areas and pocket liners gets whiter.

Pearlite:
Synthetic abrasive traditionally used in Jeans finishing.

Pumice:
Lightweight, rough stones that pummel and scrape during Jeans finishing.

Rigid:
Dark, stiff, unwashed Indigo denim that has undergone no finishing process.

Sandblasting:
A finishing process that used sand or aluminium oxide or brushing to literally blast color off from
denim, thereby create a contrast to simulate a worn-out look. This process starts in the late 80s,
and can be done localized in certain areas like thigh or pockets or all over. Cat whiskers is a
favourable form of sandblasting result.
Sanforize:
To preshrink denim in order to control dimensional stability in the warp direction.

Scouring:
A process that scours indigo form denim by bringing the pH value in the rinse bath and, with the
aid of detergent, pushing the loose indigo down the drain.

Skewing:
A finishing process usually refers to as the Preskewing process that contorts denim to its natural
after-wash configuration. This reduces the torque in the fabric and prevents leg twisting.

Stonewashing:
A process in which jeans are tumbled in the washing machines in a laundry with pumice stones
ranging in size form marbles to golf balls. This process can take from one to three hours, causing
the denim fibers to be scraped and cut.

Top Softener:
Added in the final step of wet-processing, softeners (either cationic or silicone) are lubricants used
to improve the hand of the finished denim.