comparative advertising definition

IP Australia Library Discovery House PO Box 200 WODEN ACT 2600 Phone: (02) 6283 2058 Fax: (02) 6282 5810 Email: library@ipaustralia.gov.au Searchable Networked Intellectual Property Electronic Resource SNIPER BULLETIN October 2007 Note: Due to copyright requirements, IP Australia Library is unable to directly supply copies of these articles to readers outside IP Australia. Please contact your local library to obtain copies of these articles by interlibrary loan. SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01281 Author: Kariyawasam, Kanchana Title: Access to biological resources and benefit-sharing: exploring a regional mechanism to implement the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in SAARC countries Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 325-335. Abstract: Biodiversity in the South Asian region -- South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries -- Bangladesh -- Bhutan -- India -- the Maldives -- Nepal -Pakistan -- Sri Lanka -- South Asian laws complying with the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) -- other regional approaches to access to genetic resources -- a regional CBD regime for SAARC countries -- minimum standards for access to genetic resource and benefit sharing -- need to strengthen current national biodiversity frameworks -- developing a binding benefit-sharing mechanism -- raising awareness -- developing a decentralised regional information network -- need for a regional biodiversity steering committee -- establishment of a database system to register biological resource and knowledge -- strengthening skills of member countries -- adapting appropriate institutions at a regional level. Subject: Copyright infringement--information technology industry Subject: Biodiversity--South Asia Subject: Benefit sharing--South Asia SNIPER No.: 2007/01364 Author: Sampson, Tim Title: The "Adjusted Future Free Income Ratio": a new methodology for determining IPR royalty rates? Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 371-378. Abstract: Valuation of intellectual property -- Adjusted Future Free Income Ration (AFFIR) -standard intellectual property valuation methods -- going rate -- benchmarking -- valuation based on assessment of future income streams -- Net Present Value (NPV) -- Investment Risk Factor (IRF) -- investment factor (IF) -- risk ratio (RR) -- IRF and total life cycle profits -- combining NPV and past profitability to predict future royalty rates -- commercial realism of AFFIR -- IPR stakeholder perspective -- licensee perspective -- judicial calculation of damages for infringement. Subject: Value of intellectual property SNIPER No.: 2007/01237 Author: Augenstein, Christof Title: The admissibility of clinical trials with respect to the utilisation of patented research tools Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 30-32. Abstract: German legal situation after implementing European directive 2004/27/EG privileging the market authorisation for generics -- experimental use exception in Germany -- definition of research tools -- history of the Bolar-Type exception -- harmonisation by the directive -consequences of new clinical trials regime for research tools and its anti-trust implications -consequences for license agreements. Subject: Experimental use (Patents)--Germany Subject: Medical research--Germany SNIPER No.: 2007/01209 Author: Rimmer, Matthew Title: After the gold rush: patent law and biological inventions Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 1-10. Abstract: Expansion of patent laws to accommodate biotechnological advances -- microorganisms, plants and animals -- gene patents, express sequence tags and research tools -patent law, informed consent and benefit-sharing. Subject: Biotechnology--patentability Subject: Patents--law and legislation Page 2 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01300 Author: Foster, Scott Title: Ambush marketing and the London 2012 Olympics Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 26-28. Abstract: British ambush marketing legislation -- history of ambush marketing -- British Olympics legislation prior to the London Olympics Games and Paralympic Games Act 2006 -- London Olympics legislation -- broadening of the scope of the Olympics Association Right -- London Olympics Association Right (LOA) -- trade mark infringement. Subject: United Kingdom. London Olympic Games and Paralympic Games Act (2006) Subject: Ambush marketing--law and legislation--United Kingdom Author: Vivis, Mark SNIPER No.: 2007/01236 Author: Libina, Inese Title: Analysis of new Latvian trade mark, copyright, and patent legislation Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 29-30. Abstract: Amendments to the Law on Trade Marks and Geographical Indications -- unlawful use of a trade mark -- amendments to the Copyright Law -- new Patent Law. Subject: Intellectual property law--reform--Latvia SNIPER No.: 2007/01391 Author: Grünewald, Theo Title: Approaches and methods of patent valuation Source: IPR Bulletin. No. 34, July-August 2007, pp. 3-4. Abstract: Suitability of valuation approaches for patents -- cost approach -- market approach -income approach. Subject: Value of intellectual property SNIPER No.: 2007/00867 Author: Wu, Yuhe Title: Are clinical trials exempted from liability for patent infringement? Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 58-59. Abstract: Pharmaceutical patent infringement -- Sankyo Co. Ltd. v. Beijing Wansheng Drug Industry Co. Ltd. -- facts of the case -- patent infringement in clinical trials -- exemption of processes for the purpose of drug regulation. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--China Subject: Data exclusivity--case law--China Subject: Patent infringement--case law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/00662 Author: Taylor, David Title: '.ASIA' is set for summer launch Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 4, April 2007, pp. 29-30. Abstract: New sponsored top-level domain -- DotAsia Organisation Limited as registry operator -published draft policy documents -- eligibility requirements -- local presence-- sunrise period in 3 phases for IP rights holders to register in priority -- government reserved names -- registered marks -- registered entity names -- landrush period -- dispute resolution procedures. Subject: Domain names--Asia Subject: Domain name registration--Asia Added author: Seager, Jane Page 3 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01317 Author: Taylor, David Title: '.asia' prepares for summer launch Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, p. 46. Abstract: Launch of .asia regional domain -- need for trade mark owners to be aware of registration rules -- DotAsia Organisation Limited as registrar -- final draft policy documents -sunrise phases -- reserved domain names -- government bodies -- trade mark owners -- registered companies and organisations -- dispute resolution procedures. Subject: Domain names--Asia Subject: Domain name registration--Asia Added author: Seager, Jane SNIPER No.: 2007/00687 Author: Narula, Ranjan Title: The Asian dilemma Source: Trademark World. WORLDextra: INTA supplement, May 2007, pp. 28-32. Abstract: More Asian countries now joining Madrid Protocol -- advantages of using Madrid Protocol -- trademark owners need to be aware of local practices -- must deal with national trade mark offices in designated countries -- China is the most designated country in international filings -- India intends to join Madrid -- Indonesia plans to accede to Madrid -- ASEAN position. Subject: Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (1989) Subject: International trade marks--Asia SNIPER No.: 2007/01349 Title: Asia's IP dragon Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 86-88. Abstract: Interview with Tran Viet Hung, Director-General, National Office of Intellectual Property -- function of Vietnamese IP Office -- recent changes to Vietnamese IP regime -- feedback from IP owners and applications -- new reforms during 2007 -- challenges facing NOIP -- challenges -improving IP enforcement -- advice for IP owners -- impact of WTO membership on IP owners. Subject: Tran Viet Hung--interviews Subject: Intellectual property offices--Vietnam Subject: Intellectual property systems--reform--Vietnam SNIPER No.: 2007/00895 Author: Hoare, Alison L. Title: Asking and telling: can "disclosure of origin" requirements in patent applications make a difference? Source: Journal of World Intellectual Property. Vol. 10 No. 2, March 2007, pp. 149-169. Abstract: Disclosure of origin for genetic resource patents -- arguments and strategic considerations for disclosure policies -- international debate -- national legislation -- Europe -Central America -- South America -- experiences with existing disclosure legislation -- lessons learned -- options for future development -- ways forward. Subject: Disclosure of origin Subject: Patent applications Added author: Tarasofsky, Richards G. Page 4 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01488 Author: Lawrance, Sophie Title: Attheraces v. British Horse Racing Board: what price abuse of dominance? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 609612. Abstract: Competition law infringement by intellectual property owners -- Attheraces Ltd v. British Horseracing Board Ltd. -- background to the case -- High Court judgement -- competition abuse found -- Court of Appeal judgement law -- right to enter into agreements -- dominant market position -- excessive pricing allegations -- discriminatory pricing -- question whether judgement is in the wider public interest. Subject: Intellectual property abuse--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Competition (Economics)--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01390 Author: Fehr, Hendrik Title: Audit of EU research policy measures Source: IPR Bulletin. No. 34, July-August 2007, pp. 2-3. Abstract: Auditing of European Commission's research programs and expenditure -- financial audit -- performance audit -- systems audit. Subject: Research--Europe Subject: Accounting--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01411 Author: Gravells, Nigel P. Title: Authorship and originality: the persistent influence of Walter v Lane Source: Intellectual Property Quarterly. Issue 3, 2007, pp. 267-293. Abstract: Copyright afforded to original creative works -- authorship -- re-examination of the Walter v Lane decision -- application by the courts -- limited significance in modern copyright law. Subject: Moral rights Subject: Copyright--case law SNIPER No.: 2007/00693 Author: Karimi, Jasmine Title: Avoiding dilution of well-known marks in the US, EU and Asia Source: Asialaw. Vol. 4 Iss. 10, April 2007, pp. 13-17. Abstract: Laws of dilution of well-known marks in several countries -- forms of dilution -- United States (US) Trademark Dilution Revision Act of 2006 (TRDRA) -- European Union -- First Council Directive 1988 -- Britain reluctant to embrace US style of dilution principles -- Baywatch Production v Home Video Channel -- Asia follows the first-to-file principle versus first-to-use trade mark registration -- China -- improved legislation -- Regulation for Certification and Protection of WellKnown Trademarks -- Beijing's Shio-Shui Market -- counterfeit goods -- problems hindering proper enforcement of China's trade mark regulations -- Japan -- Thailand -- India -- Singapore. Subject: Trade mark dilution Subject: Famous trade marks Page 5 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01409 Author: Quinn, Eugene Title: Be the first to file Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 50. Abstract: Reform of United States (US) patent system -- first-to-file system -- post-grant review process -- limitation on damages -- venue changes -- continuation practice -- KSR v Teleflex -obviousness -- ex parte patent appeals. Subject: Intellectual property law--reform--United States Subject: Patents--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01299 Author: Turner, Sarah Title: Beating the patents trolls at their own game Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 23-25. Abstract: Combating patents trolls -- what is a troll -- when a troll is not a troll -- how trolls operate -- injunctions -- ineffectiveness of trolls in the United Kingdom -- eradicating trolls. Subject: Patent trolls Subject: Injunctions SNIPER No.: 2007/01436 Author: Komen, Ed Title: Beware the US deposit requirement Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 34. Abstract: United States requirement for registration of copyright -- deposit of original work or a bona fide copy with the Copyright Office -- two functions of deposit system -- reconstructing a work from memory -- -- invalid registration -- protecting integrity of the copyright system -- prompt registration will prevent problems. Subject: Copyright registration--United States Subject: Copyright litigation--United States Added author: Clanton, Matt SNIPER No.: 2007/01321 Author: Williams, Gareth Title: Biotechnology patenting: a changing landscape Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 10-12. Abstract: Patenting activity in the biotechnology industry -- Marks and Clerk study -- patenting activity overview -- key technology areas -- peptides -- antigens -- antibodies -- gene therapy -patenting activity by academic and corporate sectors -- rise of Asian biotechnology patenting activity. Subject: Biotechnology--statistics--Europe Subject: Patents--statistics--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01359 Author: Ollier, Peter Title: Boost for Cadbury purple...but red light for BP green Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, p. 14. Abstract: Colour marks -- trade mark registrability -- Australia -- Cadbury Schweppes v. Darrell Lea -- BP v. Woolworths -- appeals to High Court. Subject: Colour marks--case law--Australia Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--Australia Page 6 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01266 Author: Smith, Edward Title: The bowl with the bitter taste Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 510513. Abstract: Factors when comparing complex trade marks -- OHIM v. Shaker -- legal context -facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- global assessment in evaluating likelihood of confusion -- words and devices -- practical significance. Subject: Confusing similarity--case law--Europe Subject: Trade mark validity--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01313 Author: Rutherford-Johnson, Liz Title: Branding the invisible Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 25-29. Abstract: Branding strategies used by Intel -- Intel sound mark -- large number of Intel trade mark registrations -- large internal trade mark department required -- Intel also uses outside counsel because of work volumes -- future challenges for Intel -- counterfeiting and trade mark infringement. Subject: Intel Corporation Subject: Intellectual property management--information technology industry Subject: Trade mark enforcement--information technology industry SNIPER No.: 2007/01346 Author: Bagley, Andrew W. Title: The broadcast flag: compatible with copyright law and incompatible with digital media consumers Source: IDEA: the Journal of Law and Technology. Vol. 47 No. 5, 2007, pp. 607-657. Abstract: Digital content protection schemes endanger interoperability of digital media devices -Broadcast Flag policy -- Broadcast Flag background and policy rationales -- Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-approved Broadcast Flag -- Broadcast Flag policy concerns -fair use and anti-circumvention provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) -- SonyBetamax doctrine -- space-shifting and time-shifting rights -- DMCA anti-circumvention clause -Grokster cases -- legal analysis of Broadcast Flag policy. Subject: Electronic copyright--policy--United States Added author: Brown, Justin S. SNIPER No.: 2007/01324 Author: Barlow, Vaughan Title: Broader Swiss-style claims now allowable in New Zealand Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 373-374. Abstract: Broadening of allowable Swiss-type claims -- Genetech, Inc. and Washington University v. The Commissioner of Patents -- facts of the case -- background to the New Zealand application - Swiss-style claims in New Zealand -- decision on patentability of New Zealand application. Subject: Swiss-type claims--New Zealand Subject: Patent validity--case law--New Zealand Page 7 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2006/01557 Title: The campaigner: curing the world Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 161, July/August 2006, pp. 38-40 Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2006 -- IP campaigners -- Ellen t'Hoen (Médecins Sans Frontières) -- Herb Wamsley (IPO) -- James Love (CPTech) -- John Howkins (Adelphi Charter) -- Florian Müller (nosoftwarepatents.com) -- Mike Kirk (AIPLA) -- Bob Armitage (Eli Lilly). Subject: Intellectual property--reviews SNIPER No.: 2007/01384 Author: Werbin, Barry Title: Can distinctiveness of musical identity be protected under U.S. law Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, pp. 5-7. General Note: Originally published: INTA Bulletin, Vol. 62 No. 3, 1 February 2007. Abstract: Trade mark protection of distinctive musical identity -- Oliveira a/k/a Gilberto v. FritoLay, Inc. -- song as signifier of the singer -- false implied endorsement -- misappropriation of a musical persona -- non-musical celebrity persona cases -- differences between New York and Californian laws -- Astrud Gilberto and "The Girl from Ipanema" recording. Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--United States Subject: Musical works--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01477 Author: Rogers, David Title: Can you maintain a patent as granted after seeking maintenance of the patent in a more limited form? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 576577. Abstract: Patent scope -- patent for hydraulic drive system for construction machines -- claims amended due to lack of novelty -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -practical significance. Subject: Patent claims--case law--Europe Subject: Patent amendment--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01272 Author: Davies, Gillian Title: Case law of the EPO Boards of Appeal in 2006 Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 524531. Abstract: 2006 decisions of the Boards of Appeal of the European Patent Office -- Enlarged Board of Appeal -- exclusion of and objection to members of the Boards -- European divisional patent applications -- patentability exclusions -- Boards of Appeal -- Legal Board -- exclusion of Board members -- Technical Boards -- patentability exclusions -- diagnostic methods -requirement for industrial applicability -- re-establishment of rights after late filing. Subject: Patents--case law--Europe Page 8 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00866 Author: Meng, Rui Title: A case study on relations between estoppel doctrine and all technical feature doctrine Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 52-57. Abstract: Patent infringement -- mobile phone anti-theft patent -- estoppel doctrine -- preventing patentees reclaiming surrendered claims -- positive observations as statements or estoppel -substantial effect of amendments on patent grant -- all technical feature doctrine (doctrine of equivalents) -- relationship between estoppel doctrine and all technical feature doctrine. Subject: Patent amendment--case law--China Subject: Doctrine of equivalents--case law--China Subject: Patent infringement--case law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01332 Author: Kim, Yoon Bae Title: Changes to Korean trademark law underway Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 5-7. Abstract: Amendments to South Korean trade marks legislation -- broadening scope of protection -- visually perceptible marks -- colour marks -- holograms -- motion marks -- protection for wellknown or reputed marks -- grater protection of first-to-use rights -- extension of opposition period -extension of exclusive right following cancellation for non-use -- clarification of grounds for refusal - wider choice for changes to marks -- trends in South Korean trade mark registrations. Subject: South Korea. Trademark Act Subject: Trade marks--law and legislation--South Korea Subject: Trade marks--reform--South Korea SNIPER No.: 2007/01295 Author: Olsen, John Title: Changes to the U.K. system for registering trademarks: the end of relative grounds examination Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 7-9. Abstract: Changes to UK trade mark examination system -- latest developments and future practice -- abolition of relative grounds examination -- examination of prior rights -- impact of the proposed changes -- potential impact on Commonwealth countries following UK changes. Subject: Trade mark registration--reform--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark systems--reform--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark systems--reform--Commonwealth countries Author: Haman, Marius SNIPER No.: 2007/01162 Author: Abell, Mark Title: China: a boost for franchising Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 28-29. Abstract: Chinese franchising legislation -- Management Measures on Commercial Special Permission Business (the Franchise Regulation) -- further changes expected before final law implemented -- foreign and Chinese franchises -- matters covered by the Regulation -- franchisor requirements -- disclosures -- franchisor rights and obligations -- supervision and regulation of franchisors -- special rules for foreign-invested enterprises (FIEs). Subject: China. Management Measures on Commercial Special Permission Business (2004) Subject: Franchising--law and legislation--China Page 9 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01373 Author: Fanelli, Dean L. Title: Claiming novel polymorphic forms of drug products Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 88 No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1053-1067. Abstract: Using novel variants of blockbuster drugs to maintain market share after patent expiry -pharmaceutical industry and the need for new drugs -- SmithKline Beecham Corp. v. Apotex Corp. -- Glaxo v. Novopharm Ltd. -- techniques for identifying polymorphs -- x-ray diffraction -- Raman spectroscopy -- infrared spectroscopy -- solid state nuclear magnetic resonance -- differential scanning calorimetry -- drafting claims for polymorphs -- composition claims -- method claims. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--United States Subject: Patent extension--health and community services industry--United States Subject: Patent claims--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01410 Author: Carty, Hazel Title: The common law and the quest for the IP effect Source: Intellectual Property Quarterly. Issue 3, 2007, pp. 237-266. Abstract: Breach of confidence -- celebrities -- character merchandising -- common law -economic torts -- intangible assets -- intellectual property -- misappropriation -- passing off -- public interest. Subject: Common law--statistics Subject: Intellectual property rights SNIPER No.: 2007/01282 Author: Headdon, Toby Title: Community design right infringement: an emerging consensus or a different overall impression? Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 336-339. Abstract: Interpretation of the Community design right by European courts -- designs -- informed users -- overall impressions -- design freedom -- four-step infringement test. Subject: Community Design--interpretation Subject: Intellectual property abuse SNIPER No.: 2007/01380 Author: Carr, Susie Title: Comparative advertising: a human right Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 439-440. Abstract: Tests for injunctions in comparative advertising cases -- Red Dot Technologies Ltd. v. Apollo Fire Detectors Ltd. -- Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd. and others v. Vetplus Ltd. -- trade mark infringement through comparative advertising -- impact of the Human Rights Act 1998 -- question whether previous test from American Cyanamid Co. v. Ethicon Ltd. has been overruled -- interim injunctions refused. Subject: Injunctions--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Comparative advertising--case law--United Kingdom Page 10 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01283 Author: Arnold, Richard Title: Confidence in exclusives: Douglas v. Hello! in the House of Lords Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 339-343. Abstract: Damages for breach of confidence in celebrity photographs -- Douglas v. Hello! -- facts of the case -- judgement of Lindsay J. -- judgement of the Court of Appeal -- reasoning of the majority in the House of Lords -- reasoning of the minority in the House of Lords -- analysis of the decision. Subject: Personality rights--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Damages--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01481 Author: Johnson, Phillip Title: Considering combinations Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 582584. Abstract: Combination word marks must be considered as a whole when assessing descriptiveness -- OHIM v. Celltech R&D -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- practical significance -- previous OHIM examination practice not correct. Subject: Trade mark distinctiveness--case law--Europe Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/00863 Author: Jiang, Tong Title: Construction of claims of patent for business methods in China Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 19-27. Abstract: Claims for business method patents -- China -- determining extent of protection for business method patents -- Chinese position on business method patents -- claim drafting requirements -- interpreting scope of business method patents -- proposed amendments to current Chinese patent legislation. Subject: Business methods--patentability--China Subject: Patent claims--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01193 Author: Shimizu, Misao Title: Contract for assignment of the right to obtain a patent in a foreign country for an employee invention Source: AIPPI: Bimonthly Journal of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property of Japan. Vol. 32 No. 3, May 2007, pp. 116-122. Abstract: During period of employment an employee created many inventions -- some in legal dispute -- inventor assigned rights to obtain patents to the company by executing assignment agreements -- received payment from company in accordance with compensation guidelines -inventor filed a claim claiming the company should pay for the right to obtain a patent for each invention for each jurisdiction in which a patent was obtained -- judgement of the Court of First Instance -- Tokyo High Court -- Supreme Court -- key issues. Subject: Inventors rights--Japan Subject: Patent entitlement--Japan Page 11 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01204 Author: Nicol, Dianne Title: Cooperative strategies for facilitating use of patented inventions in biotechnology Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 85-112. Abstract: Relationship between owners and users of patented biotechnology inventions -- need for better technology transfer strategies -- legal mechanisms enabling use of patented inventions -research exemption -- compulsory licensing and government use -- other licensing schemes -industry initiatives -- patent pooling -- cross-licensing -- clearing house mechanisms -- technology exchanges -- intellectual property exchanges -- open source licensing.. Subject: Intellectual property licensing--health and community services industry--Australia Subject: Technology transfer--health and community services industry--Australia Subject: Patent pools--health and community services industry--Australia Author: Hopem Janet SNIPER No.: 2007/01269 Author: Barker, David Title: Copyright and the Google generation Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 516517. Abstract: Gowers Review of Intellectual Property -- legal context -- modern copyright law -Gowers Review terms of reference -- transformative works -- significance of recommendations. Subject: Gowers Review of Intellectual Property (2006) Subject: Copyright systems--reviews--United Kingdom Subject: Copyright--reform--United Kingdom Subject: Electronic copyright--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/00708 Author: Sheargold, Mary Title: Copyright: defining "musical works" in common law countries Source: Australian Intellectual Property Journal. Vol. 18 No. 2, May 2007, pp. 96-109. Abstract: Definition of the term "musical works" under copyright legislation -- approaches taken by Australia, United States and United Kingdom -- legal interpretations -- musicological attempts to define "music" -- impossible to define music adequately to give legal protection to all forms of composition that musical world would class as music -- whether lyrics are part of musical work -songs in UK have two mutually exclusive copyrights -- songs in US have one copyright -infringement of either lyrics or music infringes entire work -- impact of registration and compulsory licensing in US -- impact of current definitions for alternative forms of music -- indeterminate, aleatory and improvised works -- role of author's intent --law reform needed. Subject: Musical works Subject: Copyright--law and legislation Subject: Copyright--reform Page 12 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01167 Author: Clark, Douglas Title: Counterfeiting in China: a blueprint for China Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 14-19. Abstract: Counterfeiting in China -- how counterfeiters operate -- corporate practices -- production processes -- sales and distribution -- government tools to combat counterfeiting -- effectiveness of trade mark registration system -- criminal penalties for commercial counterfeiting -- civil procedures -- tools for rightsholders -- product design -- trade mark management -- investigations and actions - changes China should make to IP system -- criminal procedures -- civil procedures -- changes foreign companies should make -- IP enforcement -- litigation -- patents -- trade secrets. Subject: Counterfeiting--China Subject: Intellectual property systems--reform--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01432 Author: Peets, Lisa Title: Criminal sanctions remain complex Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 12-14. Abstract: Legislation to harmonise criminal measures applicable to intellectual property (IP) infringements -- background -- scope -- general sanctions -- harmonised prison terms and fines -controversial on two fronts -- substantive provisions and community competence -- amendments -patents -- commercial scale -- competence. Subject: Harmonisation of laws Subject: Intellectual property law SNIPER No.: 2007/00890 Author: Gholz, Charles L. Title: A critique of recent opinions in patent interferences Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 1, January 2007, pp. 544. Abstract: Patent interference cases 2006 -- United States -- actual reduction to practice -Stampa v. Jackson -- suppression and Peeler diligence -- Flex-Rest, LLC v. Steelcase, Inc. -derivation -- Scripps Research Institute v. Nemerson -- 35 USC 135(b) bars to patentability -Scripps Research Institute v. Genentech, Inc. -- Regents of the University of California v. University of Iowa Research Foundation -- corroboration -- Medichem, S.A. v. Rolabo, S.L. -- Brown v. Barbacid -- Nickles v. Montgomery -- interference practice -- Falkner v. Inglis -- Furukawa Electronic North America v. Corning Inc. -- Shustack v. Szum -- Hudziak v. Ring -- Hammond v. Leiden -- University of California v. Children's Medical Center Corp. -- Sehgal v. Revel -- Melanson v. Strickland -- Navarrini v. Worm -- Ginter v. Benson -- Hiroya v. Rosen -- Stanton v. Dahlen -Bayer CropScience S.A. v. Syngenta Ltd. -- In re Hogarth and Hartson LLP -- Kaufman v. Levison - court review of interference decision -- Beam v. Chase -- University of Massachusetts v. Roslin Institute -- Post-interference practice -- Noelle v. Armitage -- relationship of interference proceedings to court proceedings. Subject: Patent ownership--case law--United States Page 13 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01163 Author: Clark, Doug Title: Current issues in patent law in China Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 24-27. Abstract: Developments in Chinese patent law -- 2006 Action Plan on IPR Protection 2006 -current status of patent law in China -- patent filing statistics -- foreign patent filers by country -problems with Chinese patent examination system -- key issues -- proposed amendments to Chinese patent law -- novelty -- file wrapper estoppel and doctrine of equivalents. Subject: China. Action Plan on IPR Protection (2006) Subject: Patent systems--China Subject: Patents--law and legislation--China Subject: Patent applications--statistics--China Subject: Doctrine of equivalents--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01331 Author: Bunker, Amy M. Title: Deadly dose: counterfeit pharmaceuticals, intellectual property and human health Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 493515. Abstract: Trade in counterfeit pharmaceuticals -- counterfeit drugs -- toll in human health -production of counterfeit drugs -- intellectual property rights -- United States legislation and drug counterfeiting -- combating counterfeit medicines. Subject: Counterfeiting--United States Subject: Pharmaceuticals--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01431 Author: Coyle, Michael Title: Decision is music to claimants' ears Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 10-11. Abstract: Independiente and others v Music Trading On-Line (CD-Wow) -- CD-Wow lost appeal -Independiente entitled to sue after CD-Wow breached settlement agreement not to sell infringing CDs and DVDs online -- background to the case -- CD-Wow in contempt of court for noncompliance -- possible damages claim -- debate around delivery -- secondary infringement -the judge's decision. Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Culture and entertainment industry Added author: King, Christina SNIPER No.: 2007/01494 Author: Wei, Wei Title: Declaratory judgement in the US and Chinese courts Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 25-32. Abstract: Declaratory judgement actions in intellectual property cases -- United States history and cases -- MedImmune v. Genentech -- effects and aftermath -- new declaratory judgement standard in SanDisk v. STMicroelectronics -- declaratory judgement actions in China -- acceptance of declaratory judgement suits -- practices of the People's Courts -- different US and Chinese standards. Subject: Patent litigation--China Subject: Patent litigation--United States Added author: Yau, Huanqing Added author: Tai, Hong Page 14 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01345 Author: Dearce, Lucy Grace Title: Deconstructing and recalibrating the Valley Drug analysis of reverse payments Source: IDEA: the Journal of Law and Technology. Vol. 47 No. 5, 2007, pp. 587-606. Abstract: Reverse payments to generic drug manufacturers -- antitrust aspects -- Valley Drug Co. v. Geneva Pharmaceuticals, Inc. -- reverse payments and the Hatch-Waxman Act -- balance between patent and anti-trust law using Valley Drug analysis test -- misapplication of patent law in Valley Drug analysis -- need to adjust Valley Drug analysis -- claim construction and patent invalidity findings not appropriate to anti-trust cases -- anti-trust liability based on outcome of patent litigation is problematic -- Valley Drug analysis needs to be modified. Subject: Competition (Economics)--case law--United States Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01389 Author: Rehn, Olli Title: Deepening and widening of the EU: together for 50 years Source: IPR Bulletin. No. 34, July-August 2007, p. 1. Abstract: Development of European Union -- enlargement of EU and new member states -- EU leverage on world economy. Subject: Economics--Europe Subject: Government--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/00873 Author: Kilshaw, Lucy Title: Defining 'relevant public' Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 4-5. Abstract: Likelihood of confusion -- Alcon Inc. v. OHIM -- facts of the case -- genuine use -likelihood of confusion and the relevant public -- similarity of goods -- similarity of signs -- limitation of specification -- analysis of the decision. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--Europe Subject: Confusing similarity--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/00871 Author: Liang, Hui Title: Determination of trademark similarity: comments on the administrative lawsuit involving the trademark "Beyond Petroleum" Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 85-88. Abstract: Trade mark similarity -- BP trade mark cases -- standards for determining similarity -question whether trade marks are similar to reference marks in sound, typeface and/or meaning -confusion by the public. Subject: Confusing similarity--case law--China Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--China Page 15 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01307 Author: Haigh, David Title: Digging deep for true brand value Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 6-11. Abstract: New techniques for valuing brands -- BrandFinance250 (BF250) -- definition of a brand -- how to value brands -- royalty relief approach -- what the BF250 index shows -- brand value and enterprise value analysis -- brand ratings -- commercial objectives served by brand valuation -accounting purposes -- tax purposes -- legal purposes -- transaction purposes -- enhanced management of the brand -- the world's leading brands. Subject: Value of intellectual property Subject: Branding Added author: Rocha, Michael SNIPER No.: 2007/01234 Author: Howes, Adrian Title: Disaster pending? EPO vs English Court of Appeal on excluded subject matter Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 25-26. Abstract: European Patent Office (EPO) -- Courts and Intellectual Property Office (IPO) in the United Kingdom (UK) -- adopting different approaches in determining what matter should be excluded from patentability -- UK approach -- EPO approach. Subject: Patentability SNIPER No.: 2007/01490 Author: Porter, Hamish Title: Dishonestly and without due cause Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 619622. Abstract: Trade mark infringement -- United Kingdom -- dishonest use of trade marks in comparative advertising -- UK case law -- need to qualify definition in light of European case law -new approach to 'honest practices' -- non-trade mark use. Subject: Comparative advertising--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01435 Author: Clark, Simon Title: A distinction without a difference Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 23-26. Abstract: Lambretta Clothing Company Ltd v Teddy Smith -- The Flashing Badge Company Ltd v Brian David Groves -- brief history of design -- articles with both two-dimensional and threedimensional features -- Lambretta decision -- section 51 -- 'surface decoration' excluded from definition of 'design' -- design drawing -- Flashing Badge each drawing incorporated design for artistic work and design for a badge with same outline as artistic work. Subject: Industrial designs Subject: Intellectual property--case law Page 16 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01288 Author: Wood, Nick Title: Domain name developments: an overview from a registrar Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 21-23. Abstract: Managing intellectual property rights in the domain name system -- country code top level domain (ccTLD) registries -- global top level domain (gTLD) registries -- regional top level domain (rTLD) registries -- registries, registrars and domain monetisation. Subject: Domain names--management Subject: Domain name registries SNIPER No.: 2007/01471 Author: Viefnues, Martin Title: Domain name management and German law Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 56-57. Abstract: Domain name management -- Germany -- selecting appropriate names -- variations and typos -- generic second-level domain names -- top-level domain names -- internationalised names -- appropriate owners -- challenging third party domain names -- dispute entry -- acquiring domain names -- use of metatags and advertising keywords. Subject: Domain names--Germany Added author: Grabienski, Katja SNIPER No.: 2007/01469 Author: Steinhauser, Paul Title: Domain name management in Benelux Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 52-53. Abstract: Domain name management -- Belgium -- Netherlands -- Luxembourg -- domain name registrar -- selecting, registering and administering domain names -- identifying potential infringements -- dispute resolution -- domain names without active use -- with active use -proactive management y brand owners. Subject: Domain names--management--Benelux Subject: Domain name registration--Benelux Added author: Schrijver, Rens SNIPER No.: 2007/01473 Author: Trujillo, Carlos Title: Domain name management in Mexico Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 60-61. Abstract: Domain name management -- Mexico -- effective management -- further protection through registration of telecommunication service marks -- new policy developments. Subject: Domain names--Mexico SNIPER No.: 2007/01333 Author: Pompey, Tina M. Title: Domain name portfolio management: one company's perspective Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, p. 4. Abstract: Domain name portfolio management in business -- need to understand regulatory regime in different jurisdictions -- domain name management at Chevron -- domain name management group -- advisory links with trade marks group. Subject: Chevron Corporation Subject: Domain names Page 17 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01286 Author: Chapman, Simon Title: Domain name registration and management strategies Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 14-16. Abstract: Business domain name strategies -- gaining control of existing domain name portfolios - new registrations -- what names to register -- where domain name owners should register -introduction of new top level domains (TLDs) -- how to recover infringing third party registrations -administrative procedures -- instigating legal proceedings. Subject: Domain names--management Subject: Business Author: García-Asencio, María Amparao SNIPER No.: 2007/01480 Author: Stenton, Gavin Title: 'Donuts': lost in translation? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 581582. Abstract: Trade mark confusion where word is not part of local language -- legal context -- House of Donuts International v. OHIM -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- practical significance. Subject: Confusing similarity--case law--Europe Subject: Trade mark opposition--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01485 Author: Heavner, B. Brett Title: Drug name headaches: a prescription for the trade mark lawyer Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 589592. Abstract: Pharmaceutical trade mark approval by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -- the FDA trade mark review process -- selecting pharmaceutical trade marks -- clearing a pharmaceutical trade mark -- establishing rights in a pharmaceutical mark -- disconnect between FDA and USPTO practice. Subject: Trade mark registrability--India Subject: Pharmaceuticals--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/00877 Author: Cohen Jehoram, Herman Title: The Dutch Supreme Court recognises "dilution of copyright" by degeneration of a copyright design into unprotected style: The Flying Dutchman: all sails, no anchor (part 2) Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 205-208. General Note: Second article in a series of two. See also: 2006/01941. Abstract: Trade mark infringement -- copyright infringement -- G-Star v. Benetton (Elwood jeans case) -- copyright-free style -- following the style of the "trendsetter" -- mixing up of copyright and trade mark law -- overruling of copyright by trade mark law -- likely European Commission reaction to Dutch decision. Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--Netherlands Subject: Copyright infringement--manufacturing and processing--Netherlands Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--Netherlands Subject: Trade mark infringement--manufacturing and processing industry--Netherlands Page 18 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01305 Author: Linklaters, London Title: E.U. cases round-up Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 52-53. Abstract: Recent European trade mark case law -- Dyson Ltd. v. Registrar of Trade Marks -transparent vacuum cleaner bin not a trade mark -- EUROPOLIS -- acquisition of distinctive character through use -- R (on the application of Synthon BV) v. Licensing Authority (SmithKline Beecham Plc as an interested party) -- marketing authorisation for medicinal products. Subject: Trade marks--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01278 Author: O'Connor, Bernard Title: The EC need not be isolated on GIs Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 303-306. Abstract: Differences in national approaches to geographic indicators - general GI statistics -conflict between trade marks and GIs -- generic names -- way forward for Doha round of TRIPs negotiations. Subject: Geographical indicators SNIPER No.: 2007/00889 Author: Kilshaw, Lucy Title: ECJ rules (again) on repackaging: Boehringer Ingelheim and others v. Swingward and others Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 273-274. Abstract: Repackaging of parallel imported pharmaceuticals -- Beohringer Ingelheim v. Swingward -- background to the case -- overstickered packs -- necessity test -- damage to reputation -- co-branding, de-branding and overstickering -- burden of proof -- failure to give notice. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--Europe Subject: Parallel importing--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01326 Author: Ward, Elizabeth Title: Electronic disclosure Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 376-379. Abstract: Document disclosure in the electronic environment -- e-disclosure rules -- main issues - definition of electronic documents -- duty to make a reasonable search -- case management issues -- other practical considerations. Subject: Legal procedure--United Kingdom Added author: Craig, Aubrey SNIPER No.: 2007/01168 Author: Moore, Charlotte Title: Emerging markets: China Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 7-9. Abstract: Intellectual property enforcement -- China -- history of the People's Republic of China -IP issues and foreign policy -- change initiatives -- 2006 IPR Action Plan -- recent intellectual property case law -- degree to which Chinese protection of IP has really changed. Subject: China. Action Plan on IPR Protection (2006) Subject: Intellectual property infringement--China Subject: Intellectual property enforcement--China Subject: Intellectual property systems--reform--China Page 19 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2006/01559 Title: The enforcer: a life or death struggle Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 161, July/August 2006, pp. 46-48 Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2006 -- IP enforcers -- Dora Akunyili (Nigerian National Agency for Food, Drug Administration and Control) -- Chief Justice John Roberts (US Supreme Court) -- Wu Yi (Chinese vice-premier) -- Paul Maier (OHIM) -- Christophe Zimmerman (WCO) -- Chris Israel (US Department of Commerce) -- Bo Vesterdorf (CFI). Subject: Intellectual property--reviews SNIPER No.: 2007/00915 Author: Swens, Otto Title: Enforcing your patents European-Wide Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 6-10. Abstract: European Patent Convention (EPC) -- pharmaceutical companies looking for a way to effectively enforce patents profited from cross-border practice in the Netherlands -- Netherlands granted injunctions which covered all European countries designated in the European patent -decision in Roche /Primus delivered blow to cross-border practice -- GAT/LuK -- cross-border practice still alive -- District Court of The Hague. Subject: Pharmaceuticals Subject: Patent validity Added author: Wertwijn, Silvie SNIPER No.: 2007/01207 Author: Sanderson, Jay Title: Essential derivation, law and the limits of science Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 34-53. Abstract: Derivation of plant varieties -- general trends in plant breeding -- distinctiveness of plant varieties -- misuse of breeder's exemption -- assessment of essential derivation -- limits of science in assessing derivation -- legal implementation and interpretation -- Astée Flowers v. Danziger 'Dan' Flower Farm -- Australian approaches to essential derivation. Subject: Plant distinctiveness Subject: Plant rights infringement SNIPER No.: 2007/00869 Author: Zhong, Hongbo Title: Establishment exceeding empowerment: doubts about the Court's establishment of "SUANSUANRU" as well-known trademark Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 71-74. Abstract: Well-known marks -- judicial establishment of unregistered marks as well-known is legally baseless -- unregistered marks protected under Unfair Competition Law -- problems with judicial establishment of unregistered well-known marks -- impact on normal trade mark registrations -- detriment to normal judicial practice -- likely to foster unfair competition and local protectionism. Subject: Famous trade marks--case law--China Subject: Unregistered trade mark--case law--China Page 20 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01372 Author: Miller, Samuel C. Title: Ethical considerations in rendering patent opinions and the impact of Knorr, EchoStarr and Andrew Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 88 No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1019-1052. Abstract: Ethical issues for patent attorneys -- requirements of competence and candour -- duty to communicate with the client -- content of an objective opinion -- need to avoid conflicts of interest -- preserving client confidences in rendering opinions -- Knorr-Bremse Systeme Fuer Nutzfahrzeuge GMBH v. Dana Corp. -- In re EchoStarr Communications Corp. -- Andrew Corp. v. Beverley Manufacturing Co. Subject: Legal privilege--United States Subject: Patent attorneys--United States Subject: Ethics--intellectual property industry--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01470 Author: Taylor, Peter Title: The '.eu' domain name: one year on Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 54-55. Abstract: European top level domain -- legal framework -- registration and early difficulties -dispute resolution process -- prior rights -- no rights or legitimate interests. Subject: Domain names--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01208 Author: Llewelyn, Margaret Title: European bio-protection laws: rebels with a cause Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 11-33. Abstract: Divergence of national implementations of European Biotechnology Directive -background to European bio-protection -- plant patentability -- differing expectations of the Directive -- scope of protection -- attitudes towards other biotechnology IP rights. Subject: Europe. Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions (1998) Subject: Biotechnology--patentability--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/00917 Author: Madawela, Yvonne Title: European Bolar exemption update Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 18-20. Abstract: The Directive -- implementation of the Bolar provision by member states -- United Kingdom -- Germany and France -- recourse if the exemption is implemented late by member states -- no harmonisation. Subject: Pharmaceutical manufacturing--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01339 Author: Clarembeaux, Nicolas Title: European Court of Justice clarifies rules on comparative advertising Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 61-63. Abstract: Distinctive signs and comparative advertising -- Europe -- De Landtsheer Emmanuel SA v Comité Interprofessionnel du Vin de Champagne and Veuve Clicquot Ponsardin SA -- legal challenge to Brut beer/champagne comparative advertising -- definition of comparative advertising -- test for unfair comparative advertising. Subject: Comparative advertising--case law--Europe Page 21 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00878 Author: Arnull, Anthony Title: European patent litigation: out of the impasse? Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 209-214. Abstract: Reform of European patent litigation processes -- draft European Patent Litigation Agreement (EPLA) -- proposed Community patent -- relaunch of EPLA draft -- European Community's competence to enter into international agreements -- intervention of European Parliament -- interim conclusion of EC competence -- way forward for patent litigation reforms. Subject: Patent systems--reform--Europe Subject: Patent litigation--reform--Europe Added author: Jacob, Robin SNIPER No.: 2007/01404 Author: Taylor, Richard Title: A European perspective on obviousness: a degree of flexibility Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 14-15. Abstract: United States (US) Supreme Court ruled that teaching, suggestion or motivation (TSM) test overly rigid and incorrect -- substituted an 'expansive and flexible' approach -- KSR v Teleflex in a nutshell -- treatment of the Engelgau patent in Europe -- whether invention in question is obvious -- European Patent Office (EPO) Guidelines for Examination -- converging obviousness. Subject: Inventive step--Europe Subject: Patent validity Added author: McDonnell, Jim SNIPER No.: 2007/01357 Author: Davies, Isabel Title: Europe's patchwork approach to image rights Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 25-27. General Note: Second article in a series of two. See also: 2007/01069 Abstract: Personality rights law in Europe -- Austria -- specific protection -- Belgium -- certain authorisation required -- France -- two means of protection -- Germany -- protection extends 10 years beyond death -- Italy -- four-factor test for reproduction -- Netherlands -- courts have taken flexible approach -- Poland -- strong protection for image rights -- Spain -- publicity rights give protection -- Switzerland -- protection under Civil Code -- evolution of European laws relating to celebrities. Subject: Personality rights--Europe Added author: Scourfield, Tom SNIPER No.: 2007/01360 Author: Barraclough, Emma Title: The EU's counterfeit challenge Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, p. 12. Abstract: Counterfeit goods in Europe -- customs statistics -- large number of fakes emanate from China -- difficult to prove source of manufacture -- requirement that brand owners declare seized goods are fakes. Subject: Counterfeiting--statistics--Europe Page 22 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01476 Author: Ventose, Eddy D. Title: Exclusion of methods for treatment of the human or animal body by surgery patent protection Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 574576. Abstract: Patentability of surgical treatments -- Application by MEDI-PHYSICS, Inc. -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- methods of treatment by therapy -diagnostic methods -- methods of treatment by surgery -- practical significance. Subject: Medical procedures--patentability--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/00883 Author: Ming, Shawn Ho Hsi Title: Exclusions to patentability under Art. 52 European Patent Convention (EPC): what was the influence of CFPH on Aerotel/Macrossan? Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 247-251. Abstract: Patentability of business methods and software -- In re CFPH Ltd's Application -Aerotel Ltd. v. Telco Holdings Ltd. -- Patent Application by Neal William Macrossan -- facts of CFPH case -- facts of Aerotel/Macrossan case -- influence of CFPH on Aerotel/Macrossan -- hard and soft patentability exclusions -- no other cases have applied soft/hard exclusions -- not clear how to divide exclusions -- exclusions dichotomy undermining inventive step requirement -different approaches between EPO and UK Patent Office approaches -- failure to harmonise European and UK approaches. Subject: Computer-related inventions--patentability--United Kingdom Subject: Computer-related inventions--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Business methods--patentability--United Kingdom Subject: Business methods--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2006/00760 Author: Zhong, Hua Title: Exploration of design priority examination Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 84 No. 1, January 2006, pp. 32-35. Abstract: China -- design priority -- comparing identical subject matter -- common design priority issues -- prior applications and partial design similarity -- unclear drawings or photographs -change of colours -- change of product name. Subject: Industrial design examination--China Subject: Industrial design priority--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01497 Author: Yu, Libiao Title: Exploration of principle for construction of functional features of patent claims Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 66-70. Abstract: Factors considered by Chinese judges when determining patent infringement cases -factors considered by Chinese patent examiners when construing patent claims -- functional features -- principles for construction of functional features -- examination principles -- judicial principles -- reasons for difference in construction principles. Subject: Patent claims--interpretation--China Added author: Zhao, Jing Page 23 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00886 Author: Palermo, Christopher J. Title: An extreme makeover for Mr/Ms Phosita: US Supreme Court reaffirms expansive obviousness test Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 258-260. Abstract: Flexibility of obviousness test -- KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc. -- facts of the case -- test for obviousness under Section 103 USC -- flexible nature of obviousness test -question trial courts should ask themselves -- obvious-to-try test and 20/20 hindsight -- reactions to KSR decision. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01335 Author: Tan, Cheng Title: Finding the right balance Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, p. 13. Abstract: Considerations when challenging a trade mark infringer -- does brand owner have prior right to enforce -- likelihood of confusion -- unfair advantage of brand owner's reputation -- overall chances of success -- commercial considerations -- media sensitivity. Subject: Trade mark enforcement Subject: Trade mark infringement SNIPER No.: 2007/00875 Author: Boyle, Peter M. Title: Follow the money: 'reverse payments' in pharmaceutical Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 11-13. Abstract: Patent settlements where patent owners pay generic companies not to enter market -regulatory framework for generic pharmaceuticals -- anti-trust concerns with reverse payments -differing analytical approaches by different courts -- per se approach and rejection of the per se approach. Subject: Competition law--case law--United States Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--United States Added author: Gans, Svetlana S. SNIPER No.: 2007/01483 Author: Barnhart, Christianna Lewis Title: Foreign fame is not enough to confer US trade mark rights Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 585586. Abstract: Trade mark use -- trade mark infringement -- trade mark abandonment -- well known marks -- ITC Ltd. v. Punchgini, Inc. -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -practical significance. Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--United States Subject: Famous trade marks--case law--United States Subject: Trade mark abandonment--case law--United States Subject: Trade mark cancellation--case law--United States Page 24 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00885 Author: Curley, Duncan Title: Fraud on the Patent Office, Euro-style Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 254-257. Abstract: No obligation for patent applicants to notify European Patent Office of potentially damaging prior art -- AstraZeneca case -- Losec misrepresentations -- AstraZeneca's supplementary protection certificate (SPC) application -- differing national approaches to SPC dates -- AstraZeneca arguments against European Commission anti-trust case -- novel case -case ramifications. Subject: Patent applications--Europe Subject: Intellectual property abuse--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01491 Author: Smith, Edward Title: From watchdog to sneak: the UK's new trade mark notification regime Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 623625. Abstract: Changes to UK IP Office trade mark examination practice -- marks no longer to be refused on relative grounds -- rights owners now to be notified, and to decide whether or not to lodge an opposition -- cultural and legal shift -- rightsholder reaction to UKIPO notification letter -measures of success. Subject: United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office--procedure Subject: Trade mark registrability--procedure--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark opposition--procedure--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark examination--procedure--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01314 Author: Musson, Véronique Title: Gearing up to becoming an IP nation Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 30-33. Abstract: Japanese intellectual property policies -- dealing with fluctuating filing numbers at the Japanese Patent Office (JPO) -- Japanese trade mark system -- need to reduce examination backlog delays -- JPO plans for the future. Subject: Japanese Patent Office Subject: Trade mark systems--Japan Subject: Trade marks--policy--Japan SNIPER No.: 2007/01385 Title: Geographical indications: from Darjeeling to Doha Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, pp. 8-11. Abstract: 2007 International Symposium on Geographical Indications (Beijing) -- multilateral debate around the TRIPs Agreement -- notification and registration -- higher level protections -comparison of different national perspectives on GIs -- importance of GIs -- success of Chinese GIs -- Pinggu peaches -- Zhangqui scallions. Subject: Geographical indicators Page 25 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01416 Author: Schulz, Andreas Title: Germany: surveys a powerful tool Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 78-79. Abstract: Uses of surveys in trade mark litigation -- survey rules -- recent cases -- use of polls. Subject: Market research--Germany Subject: Trade mark litigation--Germany Added author: Kurtz, Constantin SNIPER No.: 2007/01407 Author: Luke, Susan Title: Getting your balance Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 25-28 Abstract: Work-life balance -- recruitment and retention -- definition of work-life balance -increasing work-related stress -- cost to a business -- legal position -- work-life balance strategies - benefits of work-life coaching -- benefits of good work-life balance to business -- best practice benefits all. Subject: Business Subject: Management SNIPER No.: 2007/01419 Author: Vale, Chris Title: Good courts needed in changing times Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 94-96. Abstract: Effect of WTO accession on Vietnamese IP laws -- enforcement practice -administrative procedures -- infringement remedies -- confirmation of infringement -- unfair competition -- Civil Court procedures -- preliminary injunctions -- compensation for damages -criminal procedures -- customs -- need for better enforcement. Subject: Intellectual property systems--Vietnam SNIPER No.: 2007/01294 Author: Withers, Kate Title: Governing cyberspace: the changing role of ICANN Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 46-48. Abstract: Recent changes to role of Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) -- ICANN's history and development -- global Top Level Domains (gTLDs) -- country code top level domains (ccTLDs) -- privacy and Whois registrant information -- dispute resolution -recent developments -- World Summit on the Information Society (November 2005) -- U.S. Department of Commerce consultation (July 2006) -- new Department of Commerce contract with ICANN (August 2006) -- future developments. Subject: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Subject: Internet--management Page 26 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01361 Author: Rahmatian, Andreas Title: The Gowers Review on copyright term extension Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 353-356. Abstract: Gowers Review of Intellectual Property -- length of protection for sound recordings -performers' rights -- unequal treatment of composers against record producers and performers -unequal treatment of US and UK performers -- copyright protection as a stimulant for creativity and production of new music. Subject: Copyright terms--reviews--United Kingdom Subject: Neighbouring rights--reviews--United Kingdom Subject: Sound recordings--reviews--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01433 Author: Cox, Evan Title: GPLv3: who will upgrade from GPLv2 and why? Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 15-17. Abstract: Free Software Foundation (FSF) -- GNU General Public License Version 3 (GPLv3) -GPLv2 most widely-adopted open-source software licence -- revisions to address perceived threats -- tivoization -- installation information -- preventing circumvention and unauthorised access -- patent provisions -- licensing -- Microsoft and Novell -- narrowing options for the commercially minded. Subject: Computer-related inventions Subject: Intellectual property licensing SNIPER No.: 2007/01238 Author: Young, Jeffrey E. Title: Growth amidst uncertainty sums up the Patent and Trademark Office's business method partnership meeting Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 33-36. Abstract: Technology Center 3600 (TC3600) -- increased number of business method applications -- prior art challenge -- examiner hiring and training strategies -- programmatic strategies -- accelerated examination -- Board of Patent Appeals and Interferences (BPAI) -requirement that methods be implemented by machine -- granting of patents for tax-reduction strategies. Subject: Business methods--United States Subject: Patents--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01043 Author: Nurton, James Title: A guide to global brand strategies Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 168, April 2007, pp. 94-104. Abstract: Roundtable on trade mark strategies -- discussion with brand owners and lawyers from US, China and Germany -- Joseph Fesenmair -- Jose Graca Arnaha -- Linda Heban -- Singer John Huang -- David Kelly -- Julie Anne Matheson -- Kelsey Milman -- Joe Quigley -- how to protect and manage brands internationally -- importance of getting famous mark status -- new types of marks -Madrid Protocol -- transliterations -- other means of protecting brands. Subject: Brand management--interviews Subject: International trade marks Page 27 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01159 Author: Leung, Liza Title: The Hollywood of Asia: IPRs and the Thai film industry Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 39-42. Abstract: Thai film industry -- domestic film industry -- attracting productions to Thailand -- films -animation -- live broadcasts -- government support for the entertainment industry -- minimisation of red tape -- concerns for the future -- intellectual property and the future of the Thai entertainment industry. Subject: Cinematographic works--Thailand Subject: Intellectual property--culture and entertainment industry--Thailand Author: Picone, Emily SNIPER No.: 2007/00688 Author: Abnett, Richard Title: Home sweet home? Or why should the Madrid system still require a national home registration? Source: Trademark World. WORLDextra: INTA supplement, May 2007, pp. 34-36. Abstract: International registration dependent on the national registration -- central attack -- attack by third party on international registration by attacking national registration on which it is based -questionable success of Madrid Protocol -- increase in International Registrations not large -- many countries haven't joined -- dependency and central attack no longer useful -- have no real commercial relevance -- introduce considerable unfairness between traders from different countries -- different trade mark offices examine applications in different ways -- apply different standards -- different opposition systems -- reform needed -- remove need for home registration -produce truly international system. Subject: Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (1989) Subject: International trade marks SNIPER No.: 2007/01267 Author: Ho, Lewis Title: Hong Kong court declares Hennessy trade marks well known on default basis Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 513514. Abstract: Declaration of well-known mark status by Hong Kong Court of First Instance -- Société Jas Hennessy and Co. v. France Hennessy International Group Ltd. and others -- legal context -facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- cross-class trade mark infringement -- default judgement and well-known declaration -- justification for granting a declaration -- criteria for granting well-known status -- practical significance. Subject: Famous trade marks--case law--Hong Kong Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--Hong Kong SNIPER No.: 2007/01379 Author: Mills, Andrew Title: How do you like your injunction, sir: American Cyanamid style or with Cream? Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 437-439. Abstract: Tests for injunctions in comparative advertising cases -- Boehringer Ingelheim Ltd. and others v. Vetplus Ltd. -- proper test articulated in Cream Holdings Ltd. v. Bannerjee and others -effect of human rights conventions on comparative advertising -- trade mark infringement through comparative advertising. Subject: Injunctions--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Comparative advertising--case law--United Kingdom Added author: Karat, Paulo Page 28 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01397 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: How long copyright lasts Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 17-21. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- current copyright term -- history of copyright terms in Australia -duration for different types of works. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright terms--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/00862 Author: Liu, Xiaojun Title: How to determine jurisdiction for requesting determination of non-infringement of IP right Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 7-12. Abstract: Obtaining a determination of non-infringement -- types of litigation available -- how to determine jurisdiction -- domicile of defendant and plaintiff -- location where infringing actions took place -- availability and exclusion of jurisdiction -- location of receipt of letter of warning as the place of infringing act. Subject: Legal procedure--China Subject: Legal jurisdiction--China Subject: Intellectual property infringement--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01077 Author: Can, Okan Title: How to obtain an interlocutory injunction Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 170, June 2007, pp. 70-71. Abstract: Improvement in Turkish intellectual property legislation -- criminal proceedings -- action to determine evidence -- civil action -- interlocutory injunctions -- procedure -- guarantee -- orders against moving counterfeits -- suspension of release procedure. Subject: Intellectual property infringement--Turkey Subject: Intellectual property rights--Turkey SNIPER No.: 2007/01045 Author: Robinson, Graham Title: How to use investigators in your brand strategy Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 168, April 2007, pp. 108-109. Abstract: Brand owners employing external investigative resources in brand creation process -brand concept -- development and launch -- brand protection. Subject: Brand management Subject: Intellectual property industry SNIPER No.: 2007/01044 Author: Schley, Stephen Title: How to use software to boost client relationships Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 168, April 2007, pp. 106-107. Abstract: Law firms use of intellectual property management software -- cost efficiency -- improve time management -- better communication with clients -- increase satisfaction levels -- strong process and systems to mitigate risk -- possible savings on professional liability insurance. Subject: Intellectual property management Subject: Intellectual property industry Page 29 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01274 Author: Phillips, Jeremy Title: How to win at Monopoly: applying game theory to the enforcement of IP rights Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 540552. Abstract: Game theory as an aid in intellectual property decision making processes -- definition of game theory -- solutions for IP game players -- how players make decisions -- concrete and abstract objectives of IP game players -- need for information -- IP systems -- IP owners -legitimate competitors -- lawyers, other legal representatives and accountants -- consumers -licensees, retailers and distributors -- taxation and customs authorities -- infringers -- IP systems and zero-sum games -- type of IP games -- number of players -- battles and wars -- game location -- time taken -- game resources -- rules -- what sort of game a typical IP problem is. Subject: Intellectual property management SNIPER No.: 2007/01395 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: How you get copyright Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 7-11. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- no registration procedure -- requirements for copyright to exist -ideas and information not protected -- multiple copyrights in one product -- copyright notices -myths about obtaining copyright protection. Subject: Copyright--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01382 Author: Forbes, Thayne Title: The impact of patents on IP and business value Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 446-448. Abstract: Intellectual property and business value -- patent contribution to mergers and business value -- development of brands from patent assets -- patent valuation methodologies. Subject: Value of intellectual property Subject: Business SNIPER No.: 2007/01492 Title: In person: Amanda Michaels Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, p. 631. Abstract: Interview with Amanda Michaels, Appointed Person (ie. junior judge) under UK Trade Marks Act. Subject: Amanda Michaels--interviews Subject: Lawyers--interviews--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01277 Title: In person: Frederick Mostert Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, p. 566. Abstract: Interview with Frederick Mostert, Chief Intellectual Property Counsel, Compagnie Financière Richemont SA. Subject: Frederick Mostert--interviews Subject: Lawyers--interviews--Switzerland Page 30 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00894 Author: Li, Xuan Title: Inadequacy of patent regime on traditional medicinal knowledge: a diagnosis of 13-year traditional medicinal knowledge patent experience in China Source: Journal of World Intellectual Property. Vol. 10 No. 2, March 2007, pp. 125-148. Abstract: Problems with protecting traditional knowledge through the patent system -classification of Chinese traditional medical knowledge -- unique characteristics of TK and associated R&D activities -- protectable subject matter under Chinese patent law -- examination standard on inventive step -- industrial applicability examination -- need to establish sui regime. Subject: Traditional knowledge--patentability--China Subject: Pharmaceuticals--patentability--China Added author: Li, Weiwei SNIPER No.: 2007/01414 Author: Wadlow, Christopher Title: Including trade in counterfeit goods: the origins of TRIPs as a GATT anti-counterfeiting code Source: Intellectual Property Quarterly. Issue 3, 2007, pp. 350-402. Abstract: Counterfeiting -- intellectual property -- international trade -- Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property rights (TRIPs) -- World Trade Organisation (WTO) -- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Subject: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) Subject: Counterfeiting SNIPER No.: 2007/01370 Author: Mirandah, Gladys. Title: Indonesia: an accurate patent translation is crucial Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006, p. 46. Abstract: Need for patent applications to be accurately translated into Bahasa Indonesia -- patent infringement cases will be based on Indonesian language translation of specification. Subject: Translations--Indonesia Subject: Patent specifications--Indonesia Subject: Patent litigation--Indonesia SNIPER No.: 2007/01310 Author: Banner, Brian E. Title: An infamous business proposition Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 15-19. Abstract: Misuse of trade mark rights by owners -- baseless and vexatious enforcement -- Google v. Stoller -- serial harassment by Stoller -- threats and extortion by Stoller companies -- Stoller actions before TTAB -- enforcement as a form of IP ambulance chasing. Subject: Intellectual property abuse--case law--United States Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--United States Added author: Sterba, Anne M. Page 31 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01190 Author: Synn, Seung-Kook Title: In-house insights: the abuse of patent rights and its effect on fair trade Source: AsiaLaw Korea Review. Vol. 1 Issue 1, April 2007, pp. 27-28 Abstract: Complex relationship between protecting IP Rights and anti-trust or fair trade concerns - strengthening IP law to promote industry and competitiveness -- Korean Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act (MRFTA) -- patent abuse case -- lawsuit against SK Corporation of Korea for patent infringement and compensation -- court ruled claim was abuse of patent rights -- Koran Fair Trade Commission investigating patent trolling. Subject: Patent rights--Korea Subject: Patent trolls--Korea SNIPER No.: 2006/01558 Title: The innovator: Europe revisits patent debate Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 161, July/August 2006, pp. 42-45 Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2006 -- innovators -- Thierry Sueur (Air Liquide) -- Srgey Brin and Larry Page (Google) -- Todd Dickinson (GE) -- Tove Graulund (Arla Foods) -- Nathan Myhrvold (Intellectual Ventures) -- Gerhard Bauer (DaimlerChrysler) -- Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones -- Jack Chang (GE) -- Richard Heath (Unilever) -- Marshall Phelps (Microsoft) -- Paul Reidl (E&J Gallo Winery) -- patent trolls -- Lucy Nichols (Nokia) -Michael Leathes (BATMark). Subject: Intellectual property--reviews SNIPER No.: 2007/00882 Author: Mullen, Kenneth Title: Intellectual property: performers' rights Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 244-247. Abstract: Copyright in sound recordings and performers' rights -- United Kingdom -- legislative background -- current UK law relating to performers' rights -- performers' arguments for copyright term extension -- industry arguments -- private copying -- volunteer copyright register -- Gowers Review recommendations. Subject: Copyright terms--reform--United Kingdom Subject: Neighbouring rights--reform--United Kingdom Subject: Sound recordings--reform--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01348 Author: Cavicchi, Jon R. Title: Intellectual property research tools and strategies: mining the Web for law related jobs in intellectual property in the United States Source: IDEA: the Journal of Law and Technology. Vol. 47 No. 5, 2007, pp. 757-781. Abstract: Intellectual property profession -- United States -- Web job portals -- IP education growing to meet demand -- strategies before beginning job searches -- careers in IP -- career courses -- trends in IP practice -- mining the web for IP law jobs -- Google -- lawyer directories -law firm rankings -- IP job fairs -- AIPLA mentoring programs -- corporate sites -- government IP jobs -- general job sites with IP jobs -- law search sites listing IP lawyer jobs -- general lawyer job sites -- professional association sites with job listings -- IP law firm listings -- IP professional association listings -- IP law job blogs -- industry portals and directory sites -- recruiters -academic listings. Subject: Intellectual property industry--United States Subject: Internet Page 32 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01363 Author: Meyer, Lena Title: Internet revolution?: alternative root models in the Internet in the light of antitrust and trade mark law Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 362-370. Abstract: Changes to structure of domain names -- DNS system -- top level domain (SLD) -second level domain (SLD) -- infrastructure of the DNS -- position of ICANN -- the UnifiedRoot model -- future of Internet root systems -- antitrust law and the use of DNS databases -- access to the ICANN root server -- decentralisation of ICANN -- trade mark law -- commercial effect in European member states -- likelihood of confusion -- need for changes to current practice. Subject: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers Subject: Domain names Subject: Competition law Added author: Utz, Rainer SNIPER No.: 2007/01291 Author: Brun-Buisson, Anne-Laure Title: Investment in Web 2.0: development context, implications and risks linked to investment Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 34-36. Abstract: Web 2.0 -- user-created content -- implications and risks linked to investment. Subject: Internet Subject: Investment Subject: Risk Author: Brousse, Franklin SNIPER No.: 2007/01386 Title: IP and software: seminar explores emerging trends and prospects Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, pp. 12-13. Abstract: WIPO Asia Pacific Regional Seminar on Intellectual Property and Software in the 21st Century (Colombo, May 2007) -- open source software perspective -- government approaches to software licensing -- IP rights in software -- software standards. Subject: Intellectual property--information technology industry SNIPER No.: 2007/01160 Author: Pennington, Garry Title: IP developments in Thailand Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 34-38. Abstract: Anti-counterfeiting in Thailand -- border control of counterfeits -- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation in the Suppression of Sales of Counterfeit Products -- general responsibilities and scope of the MOU -- private sector responsibilities -- police and Department of Special Investigation responsibilities -- Bangkok Metropolitan Administration responsibilities -Department of Intellectual Property responsibilities -- shopping centre and market owner responsibilities -- well-known marks -- applications -- evidence of well-known status -- current status of well-known marks. Subject: Counterfeiting--Thailand Subject: Famous trade marks--Thailand Author: Sujintaya, Say Author: Changchumni, Manoon Author: Suwanprateep, Dhiraphol Page 33 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01166 Author: Clark, Douglas Title: IP issues in outsourcing to China Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 10-13. Abstract: Essential elements to protecting intellectual when outsourcing to China -- contracts and trade secrets -- access controls to physical buildings -- key legal issues -- business and legal environment -- joint ventures -- intellectual property laws -- contractual arrangements -- dispute resolution -- technology transfers -- inbound of licensing of IPR -- IP created by business partners and employees -- physical security of technology. Subject: Outsourcing--China Author: Kennedy, Gabriela SNIPER No.: 2007/01169 Author: Mirandah, Gladys Title: IP law developments in Vietnam: amendments to existing legislation and electronic filing Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006, p. 48. Abstract: Changes to Vietnamese intellectual property law -- compliance with TRIPs Agreement - proposed amendments -- difficulties facing intellectual property owners -- electronic filing system. Subject: Intellectual property law--reform--Vietnam SNIPER No.: 2007/01287 Author: Burshtein, Sheldon Title: Is a domain name property? Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 17-20. Abstract: Questions relating to property status of domain names -- characterisation of a domain name -- US decisions -- Germany -- Canada. Subject: Domain names Subject: Property law SNIPER No.: 2007/01406 Author: Peets, Lisa Title: Is the exception becoming the rule? Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 21-24. Abstract: Compulsory licensing -- controversial aspect of intellectual property (IP) regimes -World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) -- permits compulsory licensing of patents where variety of conditions are met -Doha Declaration and WTO General Council decision -- use of compulsory licensing in the context of competition -- recent developments -- Taiwan -- China -- Thailand -- Switzerland -- some countries are increasingly moving beyond TRIPS' limitations -- questionable as to whether TRIPS conditions are being met. Subject: Compulsory licensing Subject: Intellectual property rights Added author: Young, Mark Page 34 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01366 Author: McLean, Angus Title: Is there a law of privacy in the United Kingdom?: a consideration of recent legal developments Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 389-395. Abstract: Right of privacy of public figures -- United Kingdom -- Ash v. McKennitt -- application of European Convention on Human Rights -- press freedom -- Associated Newspapers v. HRH Prince of Wales -- public interest -- Lord Browne of Madingley v. Associated Newspapers Ltd. -confidential business information -- Douglas v. Hello! -- celebrity exclusives -- level of protection available to celebrities -- business implications -- data protection -- European perspectives -- future developments. Subject: Personality rights--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Privacy--case law--United Kingdom Added author: Mackey, Claire SNIPER No.: 2007/00916 Author: Manley, Maria Isabel Title: Is there any regulatory approval pathway for Biosimilars? Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 12-16. Abstract: Medicinal treatments derived from biotechnology traditionally expensive -- expectation of fierce competition -- generic manufacturers usually aim to enter market as soon as possible -reasons why this is not the case -- new European Union (EU) legal framework -- different routes to marketing authorisation -- abridged application procedure -- Guideline on Similar Biological Medicinal Products -- European Medicines Agency (EMEA) -- other guidelines -- quality issues -clinical and non-clinical issues -- EU accepted legal status of biosimilars -- approvals not easy to obtain. Subject: Pharmaceuticals Added author: Benning-Prince, Sharon SNIPER No.: 2007/01392 Author: Checa, Jose Title: ISO and intellectual property rights Source: IPR Bulletin. No. 34, July-August 2007, pp. 4-6. Abstract: Impact of intellectual property on standards -- ISO approaches to IP protection of standards -- use of IP-protected technologies within standards -- licensing requirements -requirement that standards development process deal adequately with intellectual property. Subject: International Organization for Standardization Subject: Intellectual property SNIPER No.: 2007/01472 Author: Introvigne, Massimo Title: Italian domain name management Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 58-59. Abstract: Domain name management -- Italy -- registration requirements -- cybersquatting -dispute resolution -- court actions. Subject: Domain names--Italy Page 35 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01078 Author: Aktekin, Ugar Title: Keeping up with WIPO Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 170, June 2007, pp. 72-73. Abstract: Act of Intellectual Property and Artistic Works (Turkish Copyright Law) -- accession to the World Intellectual Property Organization internet treaties -- computer programs and databases -- right of reproduction -- distribution rights -- technological measures and rights management -performers and producers of phonograms -- need for further amendments. Subject: Artistic works--Turkey Subject: Copyright systems--reform--Turkey SNIPER No.: 2007/01356 Author: Bennett, Ben Title: The key to inventive step Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 28-31. Abstract: Inventive step -- Australia -- Lockwood Security Products Pty Ltd. v. Doric Products Pty. Ltd. [No. 2] -- litigation history and fair basis -- prior art base -- obviousness -- combining multiple references -- implicit admissions and secondary indicators -- drafting hints. Subject: Inventive step--case law--Australia Subject: Patent claims--case law--Australia Subject: Patent validity--case law--Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01375 Author: Patel, Anand B. Title: KSR v. Teleflex and motivation to combine Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 88 No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1077-1084. Abstract: Interpretation of patent obviousness tests -- United States -- KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. and Technology Holding Co. -- judicial interpretation of 35 United States Code Section 103 -- USPTO policy on 35 U.S.C. 103 -- impact on patent examination. Subject: United States Patent and Trademark Office--procedure Subject: Inventive step--United States Subject: Patent examination--procedure--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01376 Author: Borson, D. Benjamin Title: KSR v. Teleflex Inc.: the Supreme Court reviews obviousness Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 523544. Abstract: Interpretation of patent obviousness tests -- United States -- KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. and Technology Holding Co. -- facts of the case -- District Court and Federal Circuit Court proceedings -- Supreme Court proceedings -- KSR's case -- Teleflex's case -- amicus curiae participation -- Federal Circuit response and the DyStar case -- Supreme Court decision -- analysis of the decision -- strategies for overcoming obviousness rejections -- obviousness in foreign jurisdictions. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United States Page 36 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01478 Author: Hanley, Victoria Title: Last-ditch attempt to improve the EU patent system Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 577579. Abstract: Comprise over reform to European patent system -- European Commission Communication, Enhancing the patent system in Europe -- legal context -- facts and analysis -practical significance. Subject: Patent systems--reform--Europe Added author: Strowel, Alain SNIPER No.: 2007/01381 Author: Hammer Jensen, Bo Title: Latest state of play of the implementation in the EU of the Biotech Directive 98/44 Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 441-446. Abstract: Current implementation of European Biotechnology Directive -- Austria -- Belgium -Bulgaria -- Cyprus -- Czech Republic -- Germany -- Denmark -- Estonia -- Spain -- Finland -France -- United Kingdom -- Greece -- Hungary -- Ireland -- Italy -- Lithuania -- Luxembourg -Latvia -- Malta -- Netherlands -- Poland -- Portugal -- Romania -- Sweden -- Slovakian Republic -Switzerland -- Norway -- Iceland -- Albania -- Bosnia and Herzegovina -- Croatia -- FYR Macedonia -- Serbia -- Slovenia -- Turkey -- historical background -- future developments. Subject: Europe. Directive on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions (1998) Subject: Biotechnology--law and legislation--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01194 Author: Japan. Agency for Cultural Affairs Title: Law to revise a part of the Copyright Act Source: AIPPI: Bimonthly Journal of the International Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property of Japan. Vol. 32 No. 3, May 2007, pp. 123-131. Abstract: Background of the revision -- outlines of the revision. Subject: Intellectual property law--reform--Japan SNIPER No.: 2007/01189 Author: Kim, Jordan Title: Liberalization of the patent law Source: AsiaLaw Korea Review. Vol. 1 Issue 1, April 2007, pp. 18-20 Abstract: Revised Patent Act comes into effect 1 July 2007 -- harmonize Korean law with trends in global IP law -- affects interpretation of scope of claims by Korean courts -- liberalized format for descriptions -- more time to finalize claims -- functional claims allowed -- Korean Intellectual Property Office actions more specific -- more chance to amend claims in nullification trial -- broader amendments in determining scope of rights. Subject: Patents--law and legislation--Korea Subject: Patent applications--Korea Added author: Kim, Jehyun Page 37 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01280 Author: Daly, Maureen Title: Life after Grokster: analysis of US and European approaches to file-sharing Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 319-324. Abstract: Copyright infringement and peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing -- United States approaches -- pre-June 2005 -- Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios Inc. -- A&M Records Inc. v. Napster Inc. -- post-June 2005 -- Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios Inc. v. Grokster Ltd. -- France -adoption of Droit d'Auteur et les Droits Voisins dans la Société de L'information (DADVSI) Bill -Germany -- Ireland -- Spain -- United Kingdom -- CBS Songs Ltd. v. Amstrad Consumer Electronics Plc. -- Australia -- Moorhouse v. University of New South Wales -- Universal Music Australia Pty. Ltd. v. Sharman License Holdings Ltd. -- ISP liability -- implications for P2P operations. Subject: Copyright infringement--information technology industry Subject: Electronic copyright SNIPER No.: 2007/01323 Author: Manso, Peter J. Title: Life cycle management of ageing pharmaceutical assets Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 16-19. Abstract: Repurposing of pharmaceuticals to extend business lifespans -- strategies for extending pharmaceutical business life -- change of format (capsules to tablets) to prevent market erosion -dosage strength change before loss of exclusivity -- relaunch in genericised market to recapture market share -- switching patients to new or extension line forms of drugs -- launch of line extension to stall erosion of market share -- reintroduction of very old genericised drugs. Subject: Pharmaceuticals Subject: Business planning Added author: Sokol, Albert L. SNIPER No.: 2007/00872 Author: Yang, Hui Title: Looking into the first case of software bundle in China Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 91-93. Abstract: Infringement of copyright in computer software -- Beijing Jingdiao Science and Technology Co. Ltd. v. Shanghai Naikai Electronic Science and Technology Co. Ltd. -- software to manage digital carving machine -- facts of the case -- question whether computer software is protected under Chinese IP law -- technological measures -- understanding the defendant's software in relation to plaintiff's product -- practical significance. Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--China Subject: Computer-related inventions--case law--China Added author: Ma, Ning SNIPER No.: 2007/01292 Author: Grek, Tom Title: Looking through Windows: a Vista of privacy? Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 37-41. Abstract: User privacy and Windows Vista -- version 6 of the Internet Protocol (IPv6) -- encryption and trusted platform modules (TPMs) -- InfoCard to store digital identities -- user control and consent -- minimal disclosure for constrained use -- justifiable parties -- directed identity -pluralism of operators and technologies -- human integration -- consistent experience across contents -- electronic signatures. Subject: Privacy--information technology industry Author: Jelf, Myles Page 38 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01312 Author: Graulund, Tove Title: The Madrid Protocol: mysteries and myths Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 21-24. Abstract: Myths relating to Madrid Protocol -- advantages of using Madrid system -- questions relating to constitutionality of Madrid Protocol -- republication languages -- recordal of appointment of representatives -- lower fees for foreign Madrid filers -- appointment of local representatives -Madrid protocol decreases national registry incomes -- multinational companies favoured over smaller national companies -- lack of benefits to national trade mark owners -- registrations granted without proper examination -- need for opposition procedures -- additional load on national offices - increased complexity of registration system -- trade mark agent incomes reduced due to reduction in business. Subject: Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (1989) SNIPER No.: 2007/01351 Author: Fleming, David Title: Make the most of litigation surveys Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 74-76. Abstract: Uses of surveys in trade mark litigation -- trade mark infringement -- trade mark dilution -- common survey formats -- likelihood of confusion -- genericness -- challenges to survey admissibility -- survey criticisms -- survey recommendations -- useful survey resources. Subject: Market research--United States Subject: Trade mark litigation--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01350 Author: Chothani, Poorvi Title: Managing copyright in the digital era Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 81-84. Abstract: Adaptation of Indian copyright laws to digital technologies -- fair dealing and version recordings -- compulsory licensing -- copyright assignments -- file sharing ripping -- digital radio broadcasts. Subject: Electronic copyright--India SNIPER No.: 2007/01164 Author: Clark, Douglas Title: Maximising IP value in China: patent, copyright and brand protection issues: current and future trends Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 20-23. Abstract: Developments in Chinese intellectual property law -- current issues -- branding strategies -- Chinese brands -- transliterations -- development Chinese trade marks -- patent clearance -- patent search criteria -- evaluation of search results -- patent registrations -- test for inventiveness -- patent examination -- technical protection measures. Subject: Patents--China Subject: Trade marks--China Subject: Branding--China Subject: Copyright--China Page 39 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01486 Author: Kamholz, Scott E. Title: Maximizing patent term in the USA Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 593598. Abstract: Extensions to utility patent terms -- United States -- strategies for international applicants -- general strategies -- prosecution phase -- post-issuance phase. Subject: Minor patents--United States Subject: Patent terms--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01387 Title: Measuring the economic impact of intellectual property systems in Asia Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, p. 15. Abstract: Research into economic impact of intellectual property -- China -- India -- Japan -Malaysia -- Republic of Korea -- Vietnam -- study methodology -- preliminary findings. Subject: Intellectual property--economics--Asia SNIPER No.: 2007/00918 Author: Oosting, Bert Title: Medicinal products for paediatric use Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 22-24. Abstract: European Union (EU) Paediatric Regulation -- medicines for adult use extensively tested -- same is not true of medicines used for children -- leads to under-treatment and toxicity -pharmaceutical companies traditionally reluctant to invest in developing medicines to meet needs of paediatric population -- small market -- higher risks -- legislation -- paediatric rule -- paediatric exclusivity -- key elements of the paediatric regulation -- paediatric investigation plan -- 6 month extension of the Supplementary Protection Certificate (SPC). Subject: Pharmaceuticals Subject: Industrial research and development Added author: Oudejans, Wenda SNIPER No.: 2007/01352 Title: Meet IP's most important figures Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 43-72. Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2007 -- Alison Brimelow -- European Patent Office developments -- Jim Malackwoski -- Cristophe Zimmerman -- Lord Justice Robin Jacob -- Edward Daintith -- Wubbo de Boer -- David Dull -- Beth Noveck -- Torgeir Waterhouse -Ernesto Rubio -- Richard Stallman -- Dora Akunyili -- Sang-Woo Jun -- Nicolas Sarkozy -- Wu Yi -Texas patent juries -- William Patry -- David Kappos -- Tian Lipu -- Makoto Nakajima -- John Roberts -- Nathan Myrhvols -- Charlie McCreevy -- Francis Gurry -- Maria João Rodrigues -Margaret Chan -- James Sensenbrenner -- Tomokatsu Tsukahara -- Howard Berman -- Mikhael Fedotov -- Jack Chang -- Dan Glickman -- Nathalie Moullé-Berteaux -- Marshall Phelps -- Paul Michel -- Dietmar Harhoff -- Arjan Sikri -- Gwnagho Kim -- Eric Nooteboom -- Meg Whitman -James Love -- Bob Armitage -- Richard Heath -- Thierry Sueur -- Pieter Hintjens -- Philip Rosedale -- Susan Davies -- Dee Ann Weldon-Wilson -- Jean-Francois Dehecq -- Monghkol Na Songkhla. Subject: Intellectual property--reviews Page 40 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01297 Author: Miller, Rosalind Title: Muted smell of success for L'Oreal in partial victory against "look-alike smell alikes" Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 13-16. Abstract: Trade mark infringement in smell-alike perfumes -- L'Oreal v. Bellure NV and others -infringement of Trésor and Miracle perfumes -- identical marks and identical goods -- likelihood of confusion -- effect of disclaimers -- transitional provisions in infringement proceedings -assessment of similarity -- effect of limitations in infringement proceedings -- detriment and unfair advantage to reputation -- passing off -- passing off in relation to NOA and Anais Anais. Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Passing-off--case law--Europe Author: Cordery, Brian SNIPER No.: 2007/01367 Author: Harrold, Lucy Title: National courts will have final word on pharmaceutical repackaged parallel imports Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 395-398. Abstract: Parallel importing of pharmaceuticals -- Europe -- Boehringer Ingelheim KG v. Swingward Ltd. -- facts to the case -- UK Court of Appeal's reference to the European Court of Justice (ECJ) -- legal background -- Article 30 of the European Convention and the Trade Marks Directive -- five BMS conditions -- ECJ's second judgement -- do five BMS conditions apply to over-stickered products -- requirement for repackaging to be necessary -- infringement through presentation of packaging -- damage to reputation -- burden of proof -- importer's failure to give notice. Subject: Parallel importing--case law--Europe Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--Europe Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01388 Title: National strategies and policies for innovation: a view from China and India Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, pp. 16-17. Abstract: National innovation strategy and intellectual property policy -- China -- increasing domestic innovation -- building R&D capability -- increasing IP awareness -- India -- balance interests of IP rightsholders and the public -- modernisation of Indian IP regulators -- IP as an economic stimulator. Subject: Intellectual property--policy--China Subject: Innovation (Technological)--policy--China Subject: Intellectual property--policy--India Subject: Innovation (Technological)--policy--India SNIPER No.: 2007/01284 Author: Holmes, Steve Title: New adventures in broadcasting: IPTV and copyright Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 7-10. Abstract: Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) -- opportunities available in Internet-broadcast television -- general copyright issues -- rights clearance -- negotiations between broadcasters and production companies -- proposals for new 'right of retransmission' -- personal video recorders (PVRs) and placeshifting -- likely future development of IPTV. Subject: Electronic copyright--culture and entertainment industry Subject: Television broadcasts Subject: Internet Author: Ganley, Paul Page 41 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01289 Author: Chapman, Simon Title: New gTLDs: protection or threat for IP owners? Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 24-27. Abstract: Implications of new global top level domains (gTLDs) for intellectual property owners -what a gTLD is -- introduction of new gTLDs -- IP protection mechanisms of new gTLDs -- .cat -.jobs -- .mobi -- .travel -- .xxx. Subject: Domain names Subject: Domain name registration Author: García-Asencio, María Amparao SNIPER No.: 2007/00373 Title: New international treaty: the Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 2, April 2006, p. 2. Abstract: Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (2006) -- harmonisation of trade mark administration rules -- updates Trademark Law Treaty -- procedural issues and common standards for trade mark registration. Subject: Singapore Treaty on the Law of Trademarks (2006) Subject: Trade mark processing--treaties Subject: Harmonisation of laws SNIPER No.: 2007/01355 Author: Mostardini, Massimiliano Title: New procedures will be welcomed by IP owners Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, p. 32. Abstract: Procedures for handling IP cases -- Italy -- Law Decree 5/2003 -- Italian Constitutional Court's decision -- legal procedures. Subject: Legal procedure--Italy Added author: Garotti, Licia SNIPER No.: 2007/01270 Author: Fleming, David Title: Ninth Circuit heightens DMCA notice requirement and clarifies CDA immunity Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 517518. Abstract: Safe harbour provisions for Internet service providers (ISPs) -- Perfect 10, Inc. v. CCBill LLC, et al. -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DCMA) notices of copyright infringement -- Communications Decency (CDA) immunity for ISPs -- practical significance. Subject: Carriage service providers--case law--United States Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--United States Page 42 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00881 Author: Bostyn, Sven J. R. Title: No contact with the human body, please!: patentability of diagnostic method inventions after G01/04 Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 238-244. Abstract: Patentability of diagnostic methods -- Europe -- history of patentability exclusion -- what diagnosis is -- which methods fall within the ambit of Article 52(4) of the European Patent Convention -- essential features must be recited in the claim -- steps must be practised on the human body -- only steps of a technical nature -- medical practitioner involvement is irrelevant -standards for methods of therapy and surgery -- case law. Subject: Medical procedures--patentability--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01358 Author: Ollier, Peter Title: No laughing matter Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 22-24. Abstract: Business dispute between Danone and Chinese joint venture partner Wahaha -- facts of the dispute -- due diligence -- developing business relationships -- latest generation of Chinese business joint ventures. Subject: Business collaboration--China Added author: Chu, Wah-Hui SNIPER No.: 2007/01062 Author: Wilkof, Neil Title: Observations on licensing Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 26-27. Abstract: Proprietary and contractual aspects of intellectual property licenses -- duration and termination in license agreements -- meaning of perpetual licenses. Subject: Intellectual property licensing Subject: Contract law SNIPER No.: 2007/01322 Author: Moore, George Title: An obvious goal: Generics v. Lundbeck in context Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 13-15. Abstract: Validity of pharmaceutical follow-on patents -- Generics v. Lundbeck -- science of single-enantiomer patents -- Lundbeck, citalopram and escitalopram -- Cipramil -- novelty -inventive step -- insufficiency -- AstraZeneca, omeprazole and esomeprazole -- Losec -implications of the Lundbeck and AstraZeneca decisions. Subject: Patent validity--case law--Europe Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01327 Author: Macdonald-Brown, Charters Title: Obviousness: is Windsurfing sunk?: do we now have the Pozzoli test? Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 380-382. Abstract: Leave to appeal in patent cases -- Pozzoli v. BDMO and Moulage Industriel de Perseigne -- TRIPs requirement that courts must give permission to appeal patent invalidations -the Windsurfing test for obviousness -- parallel litigation in multiple jurisdictions. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Legal procedure--case law--United Kingdom Added author: Ashby, Sara Page 43 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01374 Author: Ebert, Lawrence B. Title: On patent quality and patent reform Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 88 No. 12, December 2006, pp. 1068-1076. Abstract: Need for reform of US patent law -- background -- differing views of patent attorneys and business people -- perceived problems with current patent quality -- argument that problems are not as widespread as represented by a vocal minority. Subject: United States Patent and Trademark Office--reform Subject: Patent systems--reform--United States Subject: Quality management--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/00879 Author: Giblin-Chen, Rebecca Title: On Sony, StreamCast, and smoking guns Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 215-226. Abstract: Liability for copyright infringement by P2P users -- background to Grokster litigation -no liability under existing law -- summary judgement against StreamCast -- inducement framework -- StreamCast's intent to induce infringement -- inducement standard satisfied -- liability for inducement in Sony Betamax case -- technologies overwhelmingly used for infringement -deliberately targeted infringing users -- business models reliant on infringement -- advertising encouraging infringement -- liability -- implications for innovators -- code cannot defeat liability -inducement or intent to induce -- potential irrelevance of Sony decision. Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--United States Subject: Copyright infringement--information technology industry--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01383 Title: On the beat: tapping the potential of Kenya's music industry Source: WIPO Magazine. No. 4, August 2007, pp. 2-4. Abstract: Failure of Kenyan music industry to reach its potential -- diverse and vibrant musical culture -- obstacles to development of Kenyan music industry -- inability of artists to make a living from their work -- promoting copyright -- new WIPO outreach film to promote copyright. Subject: Copyright--culture and entertainment industry--Kenya Subject: Musical works--Kenya SNIPER No.: 2007/01329 Author: Levin, Paul D. Title: On the inappropriate inclusion of medical devices within the Hatch-Waxman Act Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 456478. Abstract: Medical devices should not be given additional patent protections under Hatch-Waxman Act -- history of drug regulation in the United States -- Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulatory processes -- drug approval -- medical device approval -- Hatch-Waxman patent provisions -- patent infringement exceptions -- patent term extension -- case law -- medical drugs -medical devices -- analysis of earlier literature -- recommendations. Subject: United States. Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act (1984) Subject: Patent extension--United States Subject: Medical procedures--United States Page 44 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00874 Author: Curley, Duncan Title: One step forward, two steps back in war against parallel imports Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 8-10. Abstract: Repackaging of parallel imports of pharmaceutical products -- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and others v. Swingward Ltd. -- free movement of goods versus trade mark rights -Paranova Conditions -- history of the Boehringer case -- ECJ rulings -- certainty of ruling. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--Europe Subject: Parallel importing--case law--Europe Added author: Harper, Shona SNIPER No.: 2007/01165 Author: Utterback, Meg Title: Options for enforcement of intellectual property rights in China Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 18-19. Abstract: Intellectual property infringement proceedings -- China -- governing law and government agencies -- administrative proceedings -- civil court proceedings -- criminal prosecution. Subject: Intellectual property enforcement--China Subject: Intellectual property infringement--China SNIPER No.: 2007/00888 Author: Gibson, Mark Title: Orphan drug legislation: delivering incentives to develop drugs for rare diseases Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 268-272. Abstract: Market exclusivity as an incentive for developing drugs for rare diseases -- orphan drug protection legislation and procedures -- United States -- Orphan Drug Act 1983 -- Office of Orphan Products Development (OOPD) -- Europe -- European Orphan Medicinal Products Regulation 2000 -- Committee for Orphan Medicinal Products (COMP) -- Japan -- Partial Amendments of the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law 1993 -- Law Concerning the Drug Fund for ADR Relief and R&D Promotion 1993 -- Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) -- Australia -- Therapeutic Goods Regulations 1990 -- Australian Orphan Drug Program -- Singapore -- Orphan Drug Exemption to the Medicines Act 1991 -- criticisms of orphan drug legislation. Subject: Pharmaceutical manufacturing--law and legislation Subject: Patent extension--law and legislation SNIPER No.: 2007/01336 Author: Rawlinson, Paul Title: Outsourcing: why would you do that? Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 14-16. Abstract: Outsourcing of trade mark management -- business drivers for companies to outsource -- business drivers for law firms and trade mark attorneys -- benchmarking -- request for proposal -outsourcing relationships -- outsourcing and offshoring -- transitional arrangements -- in-house expertise -- managing outside agents -- relationship management. Subject: Outsourcing Subject: Trade marks--management Page 45 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00864 Title: An overview of the Draft Amendment to the Patent Law Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 32-37. Abstract: Amendment to Chinese patent law -- ownership and administration of rights -standards for patent grant -- design patent system -- patent right protection -- safeguarding public rights and preventing patent abuse -- compulsory licensing -- prior art defences -- litigation in bad faith -- statute of limitation and unenforceability -- non-infringing acts. Subject: Patents--law and legislation--China Subject: Industrial designs--law and legislation--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01489 Author: Meale, Darren Title: Parallel imports: more CD than WOW? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 613618. Abstract: Use of intellectual property rights against parallel trade -- exhaustion of IP rights -- trade mark rights -- other IP rights -- case law -- Silhouette glasses -- Levis jeans -- Sony games consoles -- CD-WOW cases -- original action for copyright infringement -- contempt of court and breach of settlement action -- copyright infringement damages -- Mastercigars case goes against recent case law trends -- consent and implied consent by IP owners. Subject: Parallel importing--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Copyright exhaustion--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01306 Author: Conlon, Katherine Title: Passing off and the limitations of marks registered in colour Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 50-51. Abstract: Trade mark distinctiveness tests not the same as passing off tests -- Phones4u Ltd. v. Phone4u.co.uk Internet Ltd. -- background to the case -- passing-off -- goodwill -- wrong test applied by judge at first instance -- instrument of fraud -- deception and damage -- co-existence -trade mark infringement. Subject: Passing-off--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark infringement--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01059 Author: Articola, Phillip J. Title: Patent application drafting and prosecution in light of KSR Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 35-36. Abstract: Determining obviousness in patent claims -- KSR International Co. v. Teleflex Inc. -need to keep problem out of Background to the Invention section of the application -- adding new functional element to claimed combination -- filing of declarations under s. 132 of 37 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) -- hindsight reconstruction of the claimed invention -- 'teaching away' is good argument against finding of obviousness by patent examiner -- obviousness rejections must be made explicit by US Patent and Trademark Office. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United States Subject: Patent examination--case law--United States Page 46 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01377 Author: Ganzi, Gary C. Title: Patent continuation practice and public notice: can they coexist? Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 545606. Abstract: Patent continuations -- public notice requirements -- continued examination practice -comparison of continuations with patent reissues and reexamination -- reasons for filing continuation applications -- impact of continuations on public notice -- suggestions for improving and rebalancing the patent system -- public policy considerations. Subject: Continuation applications (Patents)--United States Subject: Patent publication--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01285 Author: Sandeman-Allen, Emma Title: Patent enforcement over a network: how the U.K. and U.S. compare Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 11-13. Abstract: Territoriality of patents and infringement -- UK approaches -- Menashe v. William Hill -US approaches -- Decca v. United States -- Hughes Aircraft Co. v. United States -- NTP v. Research in Motion -- definition of control points. Subject: Patent infringement--case law--United States Subject: Patent infringement--case law--United Kingdom Author: Gilbert, Mike SNIPER No.: 2007/00919 Author: Godar, George Title: Patent litigation settlements Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 26-28. Abstract: Reasons to see if there are any mutually agreeable terms of settlement which might end a dispute -- payment of a "reverse" or "exclusionary" payment by innovator to generic -generic agrees not to launch infringing product within a given territory for a given period of time -Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) -- preventing competition -- Apotex -- exclusionary payments -- Federal Trade Commission (FTC) -- legislation introduced to prevent payment by innovators to delay introduction of competing products -- delay ability of consumers to obtain cheaper generic drugs. Subject: Patent litigation--United States Subject: Pharmaceuticals--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01475 Author: Phillips, Jeremy Title: The patent lottery Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 567568. Abstract: Value of patents -- many patents not worth having -- value of patents eroded by numerous factors -- commercial success not able to be predicted -- strategic value in shaping markets and standards. Subject: Value of intellectual property Page 47 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01325 Title: Patent pending: move over Dolly, Synthia is on her way Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 7, July 2007, p. 375. General Note: Originally published: The Economist, Vol. 383 No. 8533, 14 June 2007. Abstract: Patent on genes in synthetic bacterium -- Craig Venter, Clyde Hutchison and Hamilton Smith -- minimal bacterial genome -- opposition to patent application on grounds of public morality and safety. Subject: Patent opposition--United States Subject: Genes--patentability--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01353 Title: Patent protection after KSR debated Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 40-42. Abstract: Obviousness -- "predictable" technologies more affected by KSR ruling -- new motivation to combine prior art -- skilled artisan -- obvious to try -- presumption of validity -- KSR International v. Teleflex. Subject: Inventive step--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/00145 Author: Kumar, Shanti Title: Patent regime comes of age Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Asia-Pacific IP Focus 2006, October 2006, pp. 37-43. Abstract: Changes to India's patent law -- The Indian Patents (Amendment ) Act 2005 and Patent (Amendment) Rules 2006 -- complies with TRIPs Agreement -- new patentable subject matter -biotechnological inventions -- product patents -- software coupled with hardware now patentable -criteria for patentability -- definition of inventions -- residents not to apply outside India -- patenting procedure -- opposition proceedings -- pre-grant procedure -- pre-grant opposition -- patent term -provisional protection -- commercial working -- Bolar provision -- parallel imports -- compulsory licences -- cross-border licensing -- patent infringement -- more applications being filed. Subject: Patents--law and legislation--India Subject: Patent systems--India Subject: Patent processing--India Added author: Shanker, Archana Added author: Wilson, Neeti SNIPER No.: 2007/00893 Author: Haugen, Hans Morten Title: Patent rights and human rights: exploring their relationships Source: Journal of World Intellectual Property. Vol. 10 No. 2, March 2007, pp. 97-124. Abstract: Relationship between patents and human rights -- reviews by United Nations bodies -Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights -- Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights -- UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Adequate Food -- High Commissioner for Human Rights -- WIPO -- three categories of conflicts -- conflicting obligations between TRIPs Agreement and International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) -- identifying measures that cannot be adopted -- identifying impacts -- future role for human rights in treaties. Subject: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (1994) Subject: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) Subject: Patents--treaties Subject: Human rights--treaties Page 48 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01235 Author: Kim, Leon C. Title: Patentability of a numerically limited invention and a parameter invention Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 27-28. Abstract: Definition of a numerically limited invention (NLI) and a parameter invention (PI) -classification of NLI -- legal issues surrounding NLI -- legal issues surrounding PI. Subject: Patentability--Korea Subject: Inventions--Korea SNIPER No.: 2007/00876 Author: Nettleton, Ewan Title: Patenting stem cell technologies in the UK and EPO Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 17-19. Abstract: Patenting of stem cell inventions -- science of stem cells -- relevant European and UK legislation -- patentability of stem cell-related inventions -- European Patent Office (EPO) -- United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO). Subject: Patenting of life forms--Europe Subject: Patenting of life forms--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/00891 Author: Eiland, Murray Lee Title: Patenting traditional medicine Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 1, January 2007, pp. 4583. Abstract: Intellectual property protection of traditional medicines -- conflict between traditional knowledge and patenting -- bio-piracy -- terminology of traditional knowledge -- IP laws and traditional knowledge -- patent protection -- TK databases -- fair use -- disclosure of origin -geographical indications -- trade marks -- trade secret protection -- unsuitability of patent system to deal with traditional knowledge -- International organisation approaches -- Chinese approaches - Indian approaches -- United States approaches. Subject: Traditional knowledge Subject: Biopiracy Subject: Benefit sharing Subject: Disclosure of origin SNIPER No.: 2007/01368 Author: Monotti, Ann Title: Patents: inventive step Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. N105-N107. Abstract: Inventive step -- Lockwood Security Products Pty Ltd. v. Doric Products Pty. Ltd. -- facts of the case -- the invention -- issues on appeal -- findings -- analysis of the decision. Subject: Inventive step--case law--Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01320 Author: Eriksson, Robert Title: Pharma remains in the competition spotlight Source: Pharmaceutical Law Insight. Vol. 3 No. 7, July/August 2007, pp. 7-9. Abstract: Pharmaceuticals and competition in Europe -- market study on Pharmaceutical Price Regulation Scheme (PPRS) -- pharmaceutical distribution issues -- parallel trade and generic entry -- reverse payment settlements (RPS) -- vexatious threats of litigation by patent owners. Subject: Pharmaceuticals--Europe Subject: Competition law--Europe Page 49 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01362 Author: Wilson, Alastair Title: Photographs, privacy and public places Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 357-361. Abstract: Photographs taken in public places and rights of celebrities -- compliance of English law with European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) -- standards established in Hanover case -- scope of the right of privacy -- what is an invasion of the privacy right -- justifications -- extent to which English law reflects European case law. Subject: Personality rights--United Kingdom Added author: Jones, Victoria SNIPER No.: 2007/01337 Author: Rutherford-Johnson, Liz Title: Pioneers in progress Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 46-51. Abstract: New United States Patent and Trademark Office initiatives -- problems with consistency in trade mark examination -- examiner training program -- quality management program -timeliness in examination -- increase in electronic filings -- automation of examination process -home-based workers -- increase in precedential decisions from US courts -- depiction of marks -USPTO five year strategic plan 2006-2011 -- Trademark Office structure -- action against fraudulent filings. Subject: United States Patent and Trademark Office Subject: Trade mark processing--United States Subject: Intellectual property offices--procedures--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01482 Author: Rychlicki, Tomasz Title: Polish Supreme Administrative Court says no to trade marks for trade mark attorneys Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 584585. Abstract: Registration of trade marks by attorneys in their own interest -- Poland -- Kulikowska and Kulikowska's application -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -practical significance -- prevention of unethical business practices. Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--Poland SNIPER No.: 2007/00868 Author: Chen, Xiaohua Title: Preliminary analysis of examination of three-dimensional trademarks Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 63-67. Abstract: Three dimensional trade marks -- absolute grounds for refusal for three-dimensional marks -- relative grounds for refusal -- registrability issues -- pure three-dimensional marks -combination three-dimensional marks. Subject: Shape marks--China Subject: Trade mark registrability--China Page 50 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01496 Author: Wu, Yuhe Title: Prior art defence against patent infringement allegation in China Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 52-62. Abstract: Prior art defences against patent infringement allegations -- China -- introduction of prior art defence -- Li Guang v. Shougang -- doctrine of equivalents -- development of the defence -- Xinyu v. Shenfeng -- use of the defence against literal patent infringement -- Wang Chuan v. Hefei Jichu Trading Co. -- wider application across Chinese jurisdictions -- Xuesheng v. Kehui -He Webin v. Wenzhong Electronics -- Xiangbei Weierman v. Guangzhou Weierman -- Huaweimei v. Zhenxing Medical Treatment Products Plant (ZMTP). Subject: Patent infringement--China Subject: Inventive step--case law--China Subject: Legal defences--China SNIPER No.: 2007/00865 Author: Zhang, Xiaodu Title: Prior art defence determination in case of dispute arising from utility model patent infringement Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 42-46. Abstract: Utility model infringement -- Wang Ruiming v. Jingjiang City Xiangyu Hardware Manufacturing Co. Ltd. -- forgery-proof rivet -- facts of the case -- court decision -- analysis of the decision -- known-technology defence. Subject: Patent infringement--case law--China Subject: Minor patents--case law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01500 Author: Chi, Shaojie Title: Probing into several issues of trademark contract dispute Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 88-93. Abstract: Dealing with trade mark disputes as contract disputes -- trade mark assignment contracts and actions -- impact of trade mark assignment on prior licensing agreements -- recordal of trade mark licensing contract -- assignee's litigation rights before approval of trade mark assignment. Subject: Trade mark licensing--case law--China Subject: Trade mark assignment--China Subject: Contract law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/00887 Author: Franks, Robert B. Title: Professional patent drafting standards in the UK: quantitative commentary Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 5, May 2007, pp. 261-267. Abstract: Drafting of patent claims by professional patent attorneys -- assumption son quantity of information -- UK Patent Office patent specification minimum drafting standard -- minimum standards of the European Patent Office -- PCT minimum drafting standard -- UK RPA minimum standard (CIPA/ITMA Joint Examination Board) -- CIPA minimum standard -- minimum standards of epi/EQE -- where to set minimum patent drafting level for certified patent agents (CPAs). Subject: Patent specifications--United Kingdom Subject: Patent attorneys--United Kingdom Page 51 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01061 Author: Meyer, Jo-el J. Title: Proliferation of U.S. benefit plan patents poses problem for practitioners Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 28-32. Abstract: Business method patents for retirement plans -- effect on financial planning advisors -evolution of business method patents -- burden of proving non-patentability on the US Patent and Trademark Office -- Joint Committee of Taxation (JCT) report on the patenting of tax advice -congressional and industry response -- SOGRAT patent -- patent caveats on retirement planning advice -- question whether business method patents advance technology -- examples of existing business method patents -- examples of recent applications. Subject: Business methods--patentability--United States Subject: Financial services industry--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01338 Author: Batho, John Title: Prosper or perish Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 55-60. Abstract: Trends in trade mark attorney practice -- general practice firms increasing taking over from IP specialist firms -- increasing competition -- increasing demands from clients -- cost cutting strategies for attorneys -- complexity of building a trade mark case -- common law and US state issues -- hot topics -- trade dress and product considerations -- fraud on the Trademark Office -Internet issues relating towards trade marks -- slow progress on implementation of Madrid Protocol. Subject: Trade mark attorneys--United States Subject: Trade mark systems--trends--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01304 Author: Hirsch, Sylvain Title: Protecting IP online: a rights owner's perspective Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 46-49. Abstract: Monitoring trade mark usage online -- should trade mark owners monitor online trade mark use -- prior domain names can invalidate later filed trade marks -- Microcaz/Océanet et SFDI --Pro-Voyance case -- use of trade marks in keyword referencing -- Société des Hotels Méridien v. Google France -- searching responsibilities of domain name registrants -- Euro-Information v. Skiwebcenter -- what to search for and when. Subject: Domain name registration Subject: Trade mark registration Subject: Trade mark owners' rights SNIPER No.: 2007/00884 Author: Silver, Ingrid Title: Protecting your rights: copyright in computer games: Nova Productions Ltd. v. Mazooma Games Ltd. Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 251-255. Abstract: Copyright in computer games -- software piracy -- Nova Productions Ltd. v. Mazooma Games Ltd. -- facts of the case -- copyright subsisting in 'Pocket Money' game -- artistic copyright - literary copyright -- dramatic copyright -- film copyright -- infringement -- appeal judgement -- idea versus expression -- European Software Directive issues. Subject: Multimedia works--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Copyright infringement--case law--United Kingdom Added author: Lee, Phil Page 52 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01487 Author: Arnold, Richard Title: The protection of confidential information in the human rights era: two aspects Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 599608. Abstract: Effect of Human Rights Act 1998 on commercial information -- elements of a breach of confidence claim -- qualities of confidence -- pre-Human Rights Act case law -- post-Human Rights Act case law -- analysis of case law -- misuse of private information not the same as breach of confidence -- when obligations of confidence arise -- pre-Human Rights Act case law -- postHuman Rights Act case law -- analysis of case law. Subject: Privacy--United Kingdom Subject: Human rights--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01275 Author: Gupta, Apar Title: Protection of databases in India and sui generis protection Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 553556. Abstract: Database protection in India -- basis for granting legal protection to databases -- India's position on a sui generis international treaty -- Information Technology Act 2000 -- Copyright Act 1957 -- analysis of US Feist Publication, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co. decision by Indian courts -- need for a database rights regime in India. Subject: Database rights--India SNIPER No.: 2007/00892 Author: Wang, Xiaobing Title: Protection of geographical indications in China: conflicts, causes and solutions Source: Journal of World Intellectual Property. Vol. 10 No. 2, March 2007, pp. 79-96. Abstract: Geographical indications -- China -- indications of geographical origin -- protection of GIs via the trade mark system -- GIs as certification marks or collective marks -- GI protection for wines and spirits -- sui generis protection of GI products -- conflicts between trade mark protection and protection of GI products -- statistical information on protection of GIs -- causes for conflicts between trade marks and GIs -- harmonisation of GI laws. Subject: Geographical indicators--China Subject: Trade mark systems--China Added author: Kireeva, Irina SNIPER No.: 2007/01365 Author: Chesmond, Rhonda Title: Protection or privatisation of culture?: the cultural dimension of the international intellectual property debate on geographical indications of origin Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 379-388. Abstract: Intellectual property and cultural property -- geographical indications -- cultural protections for the protection of GIs -- protection of traditional culture -- nexus between international trade and culture -- analogy between trade mark and GI protections -- trade marks and language as culture -- cultural theory -- indigenous rights and traditional knowledge. Subject: Geographical indicators Subject: Traditional knowledge Page 53 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01301 Author: Haigh, David Title: Putting a value on trademarks and brands Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 29-33. Abstract: Brand and trade mark valuation -- what is being valued -- three alternative definitions of brands -- need to ensure that legal protections are in place -- basis of valuation -- approaches to brand valuation -- royalty relief approach -- licensee and licensor brand rights -- why brands need to be valued. Subject: Value of intellectual property Subject: Branding SNIPER No.: 2007/01371 Author: Mirandah, Gladys. Title: Recent developments concerning patent annuities in Indonesia Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006, p. 47. Abstract: Changes to Indonesian patent fees -- new annuity regulations -- position of annuity payments -- patent annuities -- divisional patent annuities -- utility model annuities -- abandonment and lapse policy. Subject: Patent fees--Indonesia SNIPER No.: 2007/01330 Author: Perrey, Ralf Title: Recent developments in the patentability of inventions relating to medicine, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology according to European patent practice Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 479492. Abstract: Patentability of medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnology inventions -- Europe -medical methods -- diagnostic methods -- surgical methods -- therapeutic methods -- medical applications -- first medical use -- second medical use -- genetically altered organisms -- animals -plants -- plant or animal varieties -- processes for the production of plants in animals -- human body and body parts -- stem cells -- germ cells -- human genes -- in silico inventions. Subject: Patenting of life forms--Europe Subject: Medical procedures--patentability--Europe Subject: Pharmaceuticals--patentability--Europe Subject: Biotechnology--patentability--Europe Added author: Lenhard, Konstanze SNIPER No.: 2007/01495 Author: Cheng, Yongshun Title: Recommendations on the Draft Amendment to the Patent Law Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 38-44. Abstract: Recommendations for amendment to Chinese Patent Law -- utility model patent search report -- design search report -- prior art defence in patent infringement cases -- patent invalidation proceedings -- indirect patent infringement and inducement to infringe -- retroactivity of patent invalidity rulings. Subject: Patents--law and legislation--China Subject: Patent systems--reform--China Page 54 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01202 Author: Lawson, Charles Title: Regulating access to biological resources: the market failure for biodiversity conservation Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 137-163. Abstract: Biodiversity conservation and investment in biological product research -- use of private contract model in Australia -- Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Regulations 2000 -- control of access -- benefit sharing -- role of national competition policy -- configured values -- patents and market failure for biodiversity conservation -- impact of Australia-US Free Trade Agreement. Subject: Biodiversity--Australia Subject: Benefit sharing--Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01405 Author: Adamo, Ken Title: Reining in extraterritorial effects Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 16-19. Abstract: Deepsouth Packing Co v Laitram Corp -- Supreme Court held making or using patented product outside the United States (US) did not fall within ambit of patent law as it existed at the time -- infringer could make components in US and send offshore to be made into final product without facing any liability for infringement -- Supreme Court decision -- Microsoft v AT&T -implications of the decision -- no congressional repair of loophole -- difference between CD-ROM and electronic transmission -- unresolved issues -- potential liability reduced. Subject: Computer-related inventions--United States Subject: Intellectual property law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01412 Author: Kingston, William Title: Repairing incentives to invest in plant breeding Source: Intellectual Property Quarterly. Issue 3, 2007, pp. 294-311. Abstract: International Convention for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) -- factors eroding incentives for investment in developing varietal improvements -- biotechnology -- possibility of patents for plant breeding -- patents unsuited -- reform could make them appropriate for plant variety protection -- removal of monopoly component. Subject: Plant breeder's rights Subject: Patents SNIPER No.: 2007/01479 Author: Batteson, Alex Title: Res judicata in patent actions: is the law too entrenched? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 579580. Abstract: Right to financial compensation not affected by subsequent patent revocation by European Patent Office -- legal context -- Unilin Beheer v. Berry Floor NV, Information Management Consultancy Ltd. and B&Q plc. -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -practical significance. Subject: Damages--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Patent revocation--case law--United Kingdom Page 55 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00920 Author: Diner, Bryan C. Title: A review of obviousness Source: Patent World. Bio Supplement, May 2007, pp. 30-34. Abstract: Courts debating factors to be considered when deciding whether an invention is obvious -- KSR International Co v Teleflex Inc -- motivation-teaching-suggestion (MTS) test -potential impact of the demise of the MTS test -- position in Europe -- inventive step -- action in the English High Court -- Action in the Netherlands -- other European jurisdictions and future trends. Subject: Inventive step Subject: Intellectual property law Added author: Lee, Scott Added author: Day, Christopher Added author: Smith, Catriona Added author: Dagg, Nicola Added author: Carlile, Catherine SNIPER No.: 2007/01298 Author: Beckett, Nick Title: A review of parallel trade in the European Union Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 17-22. Abstract: Parallel import and competition law -- within the European Economic Area (EEA) -Boehringer Ingelheim and others v. Swingward and others -- repackaging of pharmaceuticals -Sportswear SpA v. Stonestyle Ltd. -- removal and defacement of swing tags -- Doncaster Pharmaceuticals v. Bolton -- separate ownership in different countries -- Microsoft Corp. v. William Ling and others -- unauthorised dealing in genuine Microsoft products -- breach of license agreements -- international exhaustion of rights -- Roche Products v. Kent Pharmaceuticals -exhaustion of pharmaceutical rights -- Sun Microsystems Inc. v. Amtec Computer Corporation Ltd. -- permission of trade mark owner for goods to be on the market -- Honda Motor Co. v. Neesam -supply of motor bikes in contravention of dealership agreements -- MasterCigars Direct Ltd. v. Hunters and Frankau Ltd. -- consent for import of Cuban cigars -- use in the course of trade -economic linkage -- personal consumption limit. Subject: Parallel importing--case law--Europe Subject: Competition (Economics)--case law--Europe Author: Kilshaw, Lucy SNIPER No.: 2007/01417 Author: Nga, Dang Thi Hong Title: Rights holders must lead the way Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 90-91. Abstract: Vietnamese intellectual property system -- introduction of modern IP legislation -improvements in IPR enforcement -- how IP owners can tackle infringements. Subject: Intellectual property enforcement--Vietnam Subject: Intellectual property systems--Vietnam Added author: Cuong, Dang Viet Page 56 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01315 Author: Batho, John Title: Rising sun still shining on Japan's trademark practitioners Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 34-37. Abstract: Trade mark attorneys in Japan -- introduction of international firms to Japanese market -- division of labour between lawyers (bengoshi) and trade mark attorneys (benrishi) -- trade mark prosecution -- enforcement -- international harmonisation -- role of the Madrid Protocol -- trade mark law amendments -- future of Japanese trade mark protections -- non-traditional marks. Subject: Trade mark attorneys--Japan Subject: Trade mark systems--Japan SNIPER No.: 2007/01308 Author: Parker, Bret I. Title: The rollercoaster of pharmaceutical mark development Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, p. 5. Abstract: Pharmaceutical trade mark clearance -- use of branding and naming companies -name creation -- preliminary screening of potential brands -- trade mark searching -- clearance by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMEA)s. Subject: Trade marks--health and community services industry Subject: Trade mark registration--health and community services industry SNIPER No.: 2007/01403 Author: Springael, Brent Title: Royal rewards for Belgium patent developers Source: Patent World. Issue 195, September 2007, pp. 12-13. Abstract: Belgian Government encouraging companies to invest in technological innovation by stimulating research and development (R&D) -- introduced bill calling for 80 per cent deduction of royalty income -- applies to income from patented inventions and supplementary certificates -related sale of goods and services provided by a Belgian company or Belgian branch of a foreign company -- principles of tax deduction -- computation -- antiabuse measures -- no carry forward -formalities -- entry into force -- good for business. Subject: Intellectual property licensing--Belgium Subject: Patents--Belgium SNIPER No.: 2006/01556 Title: The rulemaker: IP's man in Washington Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 161, July/August 2006, pp. 34-37 Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2006 -- law makers and parliamentarians -- Lamar Smith (US Congress) -- Pascal Lay (WTO) -- Wubbo be Boer (OHIM) -Peter Mandelson (EC) -- Francis Gurry (WIPO) -- Kamil Idris (WIPO) -- Jon Dudas (USPTO) -Lord Sainsbury (DTI) -- Lynne Beresford (USPTO) -- Erik Nooteboom (EC) -- James Sensenbrenner (House Judiciary Committee) -- Alfonso Campinos (INPI) -- Tian Lipu (SIPO). Subject: Intellectual property--reviews Page 57 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01206 Author: Janis, Mark D. Title: Rules v. standards for patent law in the plant sciences Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 54-66. Abstract: Developments in US plant patent case law -- enablement of transgenic plant inventions -- Adang v. Fischoff -- Plant Genetic Systems v. DeKalb Genetics -- Monsanto v. Bayer Bioscience -- experimental use in plant sciences research. Subject: Patent disclosure--case law--United States Subject: Experimental use (Patents)--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01273 Author: England, Paul Title: Saint Gobain: patron of pharmaceutical patentees? Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 532539. Abstract: Inventiveness in pharmaceutical patent cases -- pharmaceutical patents and industry concerns -- obviousness -- 'right to work' test -- 'lying in the road' test -- development of the 'obvious to try test' -- balancing 'lying in the road' and 'obvious to try' -- pharmaceutical cases in the Patents Court 2003-2006 -- Court of Appeal decisions -- Saint-Gobain PAM SA v. Fusion Provide Ltd. -- facts of the case -- using the obvious to try argument -- Angiotech Pharmaceuticals and another v. Conor Medsystems Inc. -- facts of the case -- using the obvious to try test -- significant shift in the obvious to try test. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United Kingdom Subject: Pharmaceuticals--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/00880 Author: Allgrove, Ben Title: Search engines, data aggregators and UK copyright law: a proposal Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 227-237. Abstract: Copyright infringement through Internet caching -- technology used in Internet search engines -- hyperlinking -- data aggregation -- business case and objections -- copyright law protections -- protected subject-matter -- protected rights -- ISP defences -- other defences -infringement -- Shetland Times Ltd. v. Wills -- infringement by making available a protected work to the public -- search results and data aggregation -- temporary copying as part of the indexing process -- infringement by including content from the target webpage in the cache -- infringement by using a URL in a link -- infringement by including content from the target webpage in a link -implied licence -- remedies -- opt in or opt out schemes. Subject: Copyright infringement--case law Subject: Internet Subject: Copyright infringement--information technology industry Added author: Ganley, Paul SNIPER No.: 2007/00709 Author: Sumpter, Paul Title: Section 62A: Pandora's box for trade mark practitioners? Source: Australian Intellectual Property Journal. Vol. 18 No. 2, May 2007, pp. 110-123. Abstract: Trade Mark Act -- new provisions -- ground for opposition if application made in bad faith -- disputed ownership -- dodgy dealings -- other grounds of opposition -- what is the standard for bad faith -- potential for uncertainty and inconsistency -- decisions of other jurisdictions -United Kingdom -- Singapore. Subject: Australia. Trade Marks Amendment Act (2006) Subject: Trade mark opposition--Australia Subject: Trade marks--law and legislation--Australia Page 58 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01401 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: Selling and licensing rights Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 41-44. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- standard and negotiated licences -- model or sample contracts -things to consider when selling or licensing rights -- rights acquired by a client -- no obligation to sell or license. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright licensing--Australia Subject: Copyright assignment--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01493 Author: Jiao, Yan Title: Several issues relating to trial of patent and trademark cases: the Intellectual Property Tribunal of the Beijing Higher People's Court Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 10-18. Abstract: Issues frequently encountered in Chinese IP courts -- double patenting -- assessing identical or similar designs -- utility model claims -- extent of claims for functional limiting technical features -- prior-art defence and doctrine of equivalents -- burden of proof for new products -technical features in traditional Chinese medicine -- generic names of goods -- place names as trade marks -- well-known marks -- scope of prior trade mark rights -- trade mark infringement concepts -- service mark use -- trade mark fair use -- conflict between trade marks and other commercial indications -- setting damages for trade mark infringement. Subject: Intellectual property litigation--China Added author: Zhong, Ming SNIPER No.: 2007/01319 Author: Wild, Jogg Title: Showdown at the WTO Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, p. 51. Abstract: United States proceedings against China at the World Trade Organisation (WTO) -contention that Chinese IP rights inadequate -- potential trade war between US and China -- piracy and fakes. Subject: International trade Subject: Counterfeiting--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01434 Author: Simkin, Graham Title: Singing a new tune Source: Copyright World. Issue 173, September 2007, pp. 19-22. Abstract: Opposing views expressed over length of copyright protection given to performers -Gowers Review of Intellectual Property -- New Media and Creative Industries Fifth report of session 2006-07 -- parity with other countries -- parity between creators -- increased incentive to invest in new music -- increased number of works available -- distribution of Prince's album - Arctic Monkeys -- internet as a tool to enhance profiles -- increase in opportunities. Subject: Neighbouring rights Subject: Copyright owners' rights Added author: Smith, Kevin Page 59 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01378 Author: Gold, Tibor Title: Soft IP Source: CIPA Journal. Vol. 36 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 414-415. Abstract: Development of European Patent -- proposal that Community Patent operate entirely outside national systems -- translations -- License of Rights -- innocent infringement -- patent trolls. Subject: Community Patent Subject: Patent systems--reform--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01393 Author: Kelli, Aleksei Title: Some issues regarding intellectual property and ethics Source: IPR Bulletin. No. 34, July-August 2007, pp. 6-7. Abstract: Ethical issues surrounding intellectual property centres on balancing rights -- balance between IP owners and other stakeholders -- introduction of biotechnological issues have unbalanced IP systems. Subject: Intellectual property Subject: Ethics Subject: Intellectual property systems SNIPER No.: 2007/01203 Author: French, Jennifer Title: Something is rotten in the state of Iceland: deCODE Genetics, population research and informed consent Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 113-136. Abstract: Protection of subjects in genomic research -- deCODE Genetics' proposal to undertake research on entire Icelandic population -- Health Sector Database Act -- legal challenge to Health Sector Database Act -- Ragnhildur Guòmundsdóttir v. State of Iceland -- privacy and medical records -- presumed consent -- justifications for presumed consent -- effects of European Database Directive -- commercialisation of deCODE's genomic research -- genetic research strategy -- deCODE patent holdings -- genetic research and informed consent -- benefit sharing -patent law and informed consent -- ethics of gene patents. Subject: Research on life forms--Iceland Subject: Patenting of life forms--Iceland Subject: Benefit sharing--Iceland SNIPER No.: 2006/01555 Author: Roberts, Peter Title: Start me up Source: Business Review Weekly. Vol. 28 No. 34, 31 August 2006, pp. 43-46 Abstract: Lack of development of Australian technology companies -- lack of R&D policies and initiatives -- need for R&D policy reform -- failures in education system -- need to invest in innovation skills. Subject: Innovation (Technological)--policy--Australia Subject: Venture capital--Australia Page 60 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01316 Author: Van Rooyen, Carl Title: Staying ahead in the Rainbow Nation Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 38-45. Abstract: South African trade mark system -- developments in South African system from 2002 to 2007 -- approaches for trade mark owners -- importance of South African trade mark registrations - strategies for successful prosecutions in the South African courts -- most significant recent developments in South African trade mark law -- effective use of Customs system -- enforcement -Internet issues for trade mark owners -- standards for legal advice -- future for trade mark owners in South Africa. Subject: Trade mark systems--South Africa Subject: Trade mark attorneys--interviews--South Africa Added author: Wheeldon, Ron Added author: Wimpey, Brian SNIPER No.: 2007/01369 Author: Kelley, Edward J. Title: Strategic protection of IPRs in the Thai automotive sector Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 43-45. Abstract: Master plan for Thai automotive industry -- flow of investment to Thailand -- lax enforcement of IP laws poses a challenge to growth -- relationship between counterfeits and product liability -- fakery at the highest levels in China and Thailand -- hope for the future. Subject: Counterfeiting--Thailand Subject: Manufacturing and processing industry--Thailand Author: Loi, Michael SNIPER No.: 2007/01474 Author: Alpert, Rochelle D. Title: Strategically managing domain names in the United States Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 9, September-October 2007, pp. 62-63. Abstract: Domain name management -- United States -- domain name tasting -- available legal tools -- strategies for protecting domain names -- identify portfolio -- centralise ownership -- register misspellings -- implement domain names watch services. Subject: Domain names--United States SNIPER No.: 2006/01560 Title: The strategist: from factory to laboratory Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 161, July/August 2006, pp. 50-52 Abstract: 50 most influential people in intellectual property, 2006 -- IP academics and professionals -- Zheng Chengsi (Law Institute, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) -- Damon Matteo (PARC) -- Joseph Straus (Max Planck Institute) -- Alison Brimelow (President-Elect, EPO) - Hisamitsu Arai (Japanese Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters) -- Ulf Petrusson (CIP) -RA Mashelkar (CISR). Subject: Intellectual property--reviews Page 61 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00870 Author: Lu, Guoqiang Title: Study of the case of dispute arising from infringement of Starbucks trademarks and unfair competition Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 89 No. 2, April 2007, pp. 78-81. Abstract: Well-known marks -- Starbucks Corp. Shanghai Tongyi Starbucks Co. Ltd. v. Shanghai Starbuck Cafe Co. Ltd. -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- well-known mark status -trade mark infringement and unfair competition -- damages. Subject: Famous trade marks--case law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01309 Author: Powell, Eddie Title: Taking a match to Fortress Europe? Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 12-14. Abstract: Inferred consent and parallel imports -- MasterCigars Direct Ltd. v. Hunters and Frankau and others -- trade mark exhaustion in Europe -- consent of trade mark owners -MasterCigars decision. Subject: Parallel importing--case law--Europe Subject: Trade mark exhaustion--case law--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01271 Author: Tessensohn, John A. Title: To a hammer, everything looks like a nail Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 519523. Abstract: Methods of trade mark opposition in Japan -- trade mark opposition procedures -- postgrant trade mark invalidation appeal (IA) procedure -- invalidation appeals are faster, better and appealable -- straw man filing of oppositions and cost issues. Subject: Trade mark opposition--Japan Added author: Yamamoto, Shusaku SNIPER No.: 2007/01279 Author: Handler, Michael Title: Trade mark dilution in Australia? Source: European Intellectual Property Review. Vol. 29 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 307-318. General Note: Second article in a series of two. See also: 2006/00390. Abstract: Protection of well-known marks from dilution -- Australia -- Trade Marks Act 1995 -Section 120(3) and the dilution argument -- history of s.120(3) -- Article 16.3 of TRIPs -- Trade Marks Act 1994 -- obiter statements in Campomar Socieded Limitada v. Nike International Ltd. -scope of s.120(3) -- substantially identical or deceptively similar marks -- connection between unrelated goods or services and the registered owner of the trade mark -- s.120(3) in the context of the wider Trade Marks Act. Subject: Trade mark dilution--Australia Subject: Famous trade marks--Australia Page 62 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01354 Author: Herzfeld, Oliver Title: Trade mark licensing made easy (part 1) Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 34-39. Abstract: Trade mark licensing -- licence grant -- territories and distribution channels -- licence term -- royalty calculations -- minimum guaranteed royalties -- approvals and quality control -negotiations -- understanding what licensors and licensees want. Subject: Trade mark licensing--United States Added author: Bergovoy, Richard SNIPER No.: 2007/01413 Author: Griffiths, Andrew Title: The trade mark monopoly: an analysis of the core zone of absolute protection under Art.5.1(a) Source: Intellectual Property Quarterly. Issue 3, 2007, pp. 312-349. Abstract: Rationale of having distinct core zone within the European Trade Mark Directive's overall scheme of protection -- clear and narrow boundaries -- exclusive right to use the trade mark to guarantee the origin of goods or services -- essential function -- European Court of Justice's (ECJ) judgements on the core zone -- means for trade mark owners to achieve monopoly. Subject: Trade marks Subject: Competition (Economics) SNIPER No.: 2007/01268 Author: Krairit, Poondej Title: Trade mark registration of non-conventional marks: 'Coca-Cola' in Thailand Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 514515. Abstract: Registration of non-conventional marks -- Thailand -- two-dimensional shapes -- The Coca-Cola Company v. Department of Intellectual Property -- legal context -- facts of the case -analysis of the decision -- practical significance. Subject: Shape marks--case law--Thailand Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--Thailand Added author: Greif, Daniel Q. SNIPER No.: 2007/01276 Author: Shemtov, Noam Title: 'Trade mark use' in Europe: revisiting Arsenal in the light of Opel and Picasso Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 8, August 2007, pp. 557563. Abstract: Trade mark use as a requirement for proving trade mark infringement -- Arsenal Football Club v. Reed -- European Court of Justice decision -- UK Court of Appeal decision -- R v. Johnstone in the House of Lords -- Adam Opel AG v. Autec AG in the European Court of Justice -Picasso v. Picaro in the European Court of Justice -- different courts use different approaches in interpreting trade mark use. Subject: Trade mark use--Europe Subject: Trade mark infringement--Europe Page 63 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01296 Author: Shah, Eesheta Title: Trademark dilution claims: an overview Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 10-12. Abstract: Trade mark dilution -- US position -- Trademark Dilution Revision Act 2006 -- European position -- statutory framework -- European Trade Mark Directive -- US and European laws compared -- established European principles -- Spa v. Spa-Finders -- Intel v. CPM. Subject: Trade mark dilution--United States Subject: Trade mark dilution--Europe SNIPER No.: 2007/01302 Author: Nicola, Kamleh J. Title: Trademark protection in Canada: are you official or are you "famous"? Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 34-42. Abstract: Official marks -- definition -- applying for an official marks -- challenging official marks -definition of public authorities -- notice of adoption and official mark use -- coexistence of official marks and trade marks -- famous marks -- Mattel, Inc. v. 3894207 Canada Inc. -- Veuve Cliquot Ponsardin v. Boutiques Cliquot Ltée -- test for confusion -- brand equity and trade mark protection - surveys in confusion cases. Subject: Famous trade marks--Canada Subject: Official marks--Canada Author: Nardi, Joanne Author: Keating, Sean SNIPER No.: 2007/01161 Author: Withers, Katie Title: Trademark protection in China: current issues Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Emerging markets: China and Southeast Asia. Washington: BNA International, July 2006. pp. 30-33. Abstract: Benefits of Chinese trade mark protection -- function of trade marks -- alternatives to trade marks -- who should register in China -- Chinese trade mark procedure -- protective measures and remedies for brand owners -- trade mark watching services -- opposition -cancellation actions -- investigative agencies -- enforcement in China -- typical tactics of infringers and counterfeiters -- recent cases -- likely future developments. Subject: Trade marks--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01074 Author: Barraclough, Emma Title: Turkey's IP efforts Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Issue 170, June 2007, pp. 60-63. Abstract: Structure of the Turkish Patent Institute (TPI) -- time to grant for patents and trade marks -- big increase in number of patent and trade mark applications -- milestones in Turkey's IP regime -- revision of patent law in line with EU legislation -- most patent search and examination done by contractors -- some search and examination performed by TPI in limited technical areas -other legislative changes --raising awareness of IP rights -- counterfeiting and piracy -- Turkey on US Priority Watch List. Subject: Yusuf Balci--interviews Subject: Turkish Patent Institute Subject: Intellectual property offices--Turkey Subject: Intellectual property systems--Turkey Page 64 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01328 Author: Migliorini, Robert A. Title: Twelve years later: provisional patent application filing revisited Source: Journal of the Patent and Trademark Office Society. Vol. 89 No. 6, June 2007, pp. 437455. Abstract: Provisional patent applications -- United States -- history -- filing requirements -- plant and utility type inventions -- provisional application -- related non-provisional application -advantages and disadvantages of filing provisional applications -- United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) filing statistics -- recommended strategies -- preparation and filing -decision on provisional or non-provisional applications. Subject: Provisional patent applications--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01303 Author: Miles, Simon Title: U.K. trademark law: unfair advantage and detriment Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), Brands Update. Washington: BNA International, October 2006. pp. 43-45. Abstract: Trade mark dilution -- Intel Corp. v. CPM United Kingdom Ltd. -- global appreciation -similarity between the marks -- similarity between the goods and services -- unfair advantage -detriment -- analysis of the decision. Subject: Trade mark dilution--case law--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01415 Author: Stephens, Katharine Title: UK: surveys now play an important role Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 77-78. Abstract: Uses of surveys in trade mark litigation -- what do surveys show -- survey rules -methodology -- disclosure -- recent cases -- O2 Ltd. v. Hutchison 3G (UK) Ltd. -- how judges weigh survey evidence. Subject: Market research--United Kingdom Subject: Trade mark litigation--United Kingdom SNIPER No.: 2007/01060 Author: Tessensohn, John A. Title: Unauthorised ice skating maneuver trademark slips on thin ice at the Japanese Patent Office: famous names and trademarks in Japan Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 7, July 2007, pp. 33-34. Abstract: Protection of famous names against unauthorised trade mark appropriation -- gold medal performance of Shizuka Arakawa at 2006 Turin Winter Olympics -- trade mark application by Asahi Breweries -- registration denied by Japanese Patent Office (JPO) -- Delica K.K. v. Cecil Leroy McBee -- no trade mark protection where person is 'not sufficiently famous' among general Japanese population. Subject: Personality rights--case law--Japan Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--Japan Added author: Yamamoto, Shusaku Page 65 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01499 Author: Wang, Ze Title: Understanding and application of "registration of a trademark acquired by any other unfair means" as mentioned in Article 41, paragraph one of the Trademark Law: comments on the case of dispute over No. 1127045 trademark "Haupt" Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 81-84. Abstract: Effect on unregistered non-famous marks on later trade mark registrations -- Jinfengli Ultra-hard Cutting Tools (Shenzen) Co. Ltd. v. Shenzen City Huiri Industry Co. Ltd. -- Haupt saw blades -- trade marks acquired by unfair means -- conditions for application of Chinese Trademark Law -- limitation on application of provision. Subject: Trade mark registrability--case law--China Subject: Unregistered trade marks--case law--China SNIPER No.: 2007/01318 Author: Kikish, Hazem Title: The United Arab Emirates: a centre for Middle East trademark protection Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, pp. 47-50. Abstract: Protection of brands and trade marks in the United Arab Emirates -- legal options against infringers -- administrative actions -- criminal proceedings -- civil actions -- customs complaints -- creation of IP Unit in Dubai Customs -- court issued remedies. Subject: Trade mark enforcement--United Arab Emirates Subject: Trade mark infringement--United Arab Emirates Subject: Counterfeiting--United Arab Emirates SNIPER No.: 2007/00689 Author: Vogel, Jason M. Title: The United States: three years on. Source: Trademark World. WORLDextra: INTA supplement, May 2007, pp. 38-44. Abstract: US joined Madrid Protocol in 2 November 2003 -- US is member of the Madrid Protocol only, not Madrid Agreement -- now third largest user -- how the Madrid system works -advantages of Madrid -- efficient and cost-effective -- disadvantages -- dependency and central attack-- complications arising from identifications of goods and services and bona fide intention to use standards in US -- when to use Madrid system -- the safeguard clause -- whether Protocol or Agreement governs the International Registration -- problems with preliminary refusal deadlines, especially from China -- benefits will expand as more countries join Madrid Union. Subject: Protocol relating to the Madrid Agreement concerning the International Registration of Marks (1989) Subject: International trade marks--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01341 Author: Bikoff, James L. Title: Unsavoury practices Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, p. 79. Abstract: Domain tasting -- kiting -- using registration loopholes to avoid paying registration fees - tasters and kiters often attack popular trade marks -- introduction of restocking fee for mass or early cancellation -- measures that rights holders can take against domain tasters and kiters -need for changes to domain name registration system. Subject: Domain name registration Subject: Cybersquatting Page 66 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01484 Author: Lederman, Robyn S. Title: Use (you) snooze you lose Source: Journal of Intellectual Property Law and Practice. Vol. 2 No. 9, September 2007, pp. 586588. Abstract: Trade mark cancellation -- analogous use to establish priority -- L. and J. G. Stickley, Inc. v. Ronald C. Cosser -- legal context -- facts of the case -- analysis of the decision -- practical significance. Subject: Trade mark use--case law--United States Subject: Trade mark cancellation--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01340 Author: Arnold, Robert Title: The view from down under Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 64-71. Abstract: Key issues facing trade mark owners -- Australia -- developments in Australian trade mark law and practice during 2006 -- differences in the way the states approach trade marks -position of trade mark owners in wider Asia-Pacific market -- Australian litigation for foreign trade mark owners -- registration and enforcement of non-traditional marks -- protections for well-known and famous marks -- alternative methods for protecting brands outside Australia -- Internet issues - keywords and metatags -- anti-counterfeiting strategies. Subject: Trade marks--interviews--Australia Subject: Trade mark owners' rights--Australia Subject: Trade mark systems--trends--Australia Added author: Sears, Adam Added author: Terry, Albert SNIPER No.: 2007/00554 Title: Weighing obviousness Source: Chemical and Engineering News. Vol. 85 No. 24, 11 June 2007, pp.26-28. Abstract: Test for obviousness -- KSR International Co. v. Teleflex, Inc. -- facts of the case -need for courts to broad approach -- mixed reaction to decision -- impacts on chemical-related fields -- problems for drug reformulation cases -- Pfizer Norvase case -- impact of reformulation science -- changes to USPTO examination procedures. Subject: Inventive step--case law--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01402 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: What happens if there is an infringement? Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 45-50. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- types of infringement -- what to do when if your rights are infringed -- copyright crimes -- effects of piracy. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright infringement--Australia Subject: Piracy--Australia Author: Murray, Peter Page 67 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/00663 Author: Doody, Patrick Title: What is a bad patent? Source: World Intellectual Property Report. Vol. 21 No. 4, April 2007, pp. 31-34. Abstract: Criticism of patent system -- too many bad patents -- patents of questionable quality -whether "bad patent" capable of definition -- problem is with parties asserting patents -overzealous enforcement of patents -- solution is judicial not legislative -- baseless threats and actions Subject: Patent systems--United States Subject: Patent enforcement--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01394 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: What is copyright and why do we have it? Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 2-6. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- copyright as property -- need for copyright -- copyright-based industries -- history of Australian copyright law -- international copyright protection -- future developments. Subject: Copyright--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01290 Author: Burshtein, Sheldon Title: What is the Whois? Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 28-33. Abstract: Domain name registrant information database -- current Whois issues -- ICANN task forces examining Whois issues -- tiered access to Whois information -- legal developments -national Whois developments -- current .ca situation -- CIRA Whois proposal -- use of .ca Whois. Subject: Domain name registries Subject: Domain name registration SNIPER No.: 2007/01311 Author: Lavalleye, Marie A. Title: What to expect from the well-known marks doctrine Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 7, May/June 2007, p. 20. Abstract: Well-known marks doctrine not applied consistently across all jurisdictions -- standards for determining whether mark is well-known -- US application of doctrine in flux -- Grupo Gigante SA de CV v. Dallo and Co. -- ITC Ltd. v. Punchgini, Inc. -- better to establish trade mark rights directly in each jurisdiction, rather than rely of well-known marks doctrine. Subject: Famous trade marks Added author: Zhou, Jian SNIPER No.: 2007/01418 Author: Tung, Le Title: What's in a name? Source: Managing Intellectual Property. Iss. 171, July/August 2007, pp. 92-93. Abstract: Law on Intellectual Property (2006) -- Vietnam -- trade marks and trade names law -differences and interdependence of trade secrets and trade names -- legal circumstances. Subject: Business names--Vietnam Subject: Trade marks--Vietnam Page 68 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01399 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: When you need don't permission: special exemptions Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 32-36. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- copyright exceptions -- moral rights exceptions -- performers' rights exceptions -- implied licences -- open licences. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Fair use (Copyright)--Australia Subject: Copyright licensing--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01398 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: When you need permission Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 22-31. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- when permission is needed to use copyright materials -permission for use substantial parts -- myths about copyright permission -- moral rights -permission from performers -- multiple permissions for single works. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright licensing--Australia Subject: Moral rights--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01334 Author: Lovell, Lisa Title: Where to now? Source: World Trademark Review. Iss. 8, July/August 2007, pp. 8-12. Abstract: Combating counterfeiting and piracy -- third Global Congress to Combat Counterfeiting and Piracy (Geneva, January 2007) -- Interpol anti-IP crime centre -- piracy facts and figures -Congress achievements -- missed opportunities -- change will be a slow process. Subject: Global Congress to Combat Counterfeiting and Piracy Subject: Piracy Subject: Counterfeiting SNIPER No.: 2007/01498 Author: Shao, Wei Title: Whether reference view showing state in use may be used to limit the extent of protection of design patent Source: China Patents and Trademarks. Vol. 90 No. 3, July 2007, pp. 74-77. Abstract: Limitations on design patent protections -- invalidation action for Beijing Yinuoweisheng Furniture Co. sofa bed design -- reference views and status in use -- relevant laws -- drawings and photographs and design claims -- consideration of utility model applications in design registrations. Subject: Industrial design registrability--China Added author: Zhang, Wenda Page 69 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01396 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: Who owns copyright? Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 12-16. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- first owner of copyright -- subsequent copyright owners -multiple copyright owners -- proof of ownership. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright ownership--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01400 Author: Hanson, Sally Title: Who to contact for permission Source: Hanson, Sally and Peter Murray, Copyright Essentials: A Practical Guide. Strawberry Hills, N.S.W.: Australian Copyright Council, January 2007. p. 37-40. Abstract: Copyright essentials -- steps to getting permission -- licensing by collecting societies -Copyright Tribunal -- character licensing societies -- copyright clearance services -- when you don't know how to contact the rightsowner -- when you don't know who the rightsowner is. Subject: Copyright--Australia Subject: Copyright licensing--Australia Subject: Copyright licensing societies--Australia Author: Murray, Peter SNIPER No.: 2007/01347 Author: Yu, Allen K. Title: Why it might be time to eliminate genomic patents, together with the natural extracts doctrine supporting such patents Source: IDEA: the Journal of Law and Technology. Vol. 47 No. 5, 2007, pp. 659-755. Abstract: Patentability of purified extracts under natural extracts doctrine -- award of genetic patents -- scientist concerns -- Scipps Clinic and Research Foundation v. Genentech, Inc. -Amgen, Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co. -- nature of the natural extracts doctrine -- exception to prohibition against patenting of nature -- utility requirement -- new written description requirement -better way of controlling biotech patenting -- problems with the nature extracts doctrine -- economic framework for understanding patent scope -- creating a more enlightened gene patent regime -post-natural extracts doctrine gene patent regime. Subject: Patenting of life forms--policy--United States Subject: Genes--patentability--United States SNIPER No.: 2007/01293 Author: Elvidge, Alison Title: Wiki sites: content monitoring and legal risks Source: Billington, Nicola J. L. (ed.), IP and the Internet. Washington: BNA International, September 2006. pp. 42-45. Abstract: Legal risks associated with wikis -- history of the wiki -- appropriateness of wiki forums - monitoring content as a means of minimising risk -- rights in the content -- risks for employers. Subject: Internet Subject: Risk Page 70 SNIPER Bulletin Library, IP Australia SNIPER No.: 2007/01205 Author: Joly, Yann Title: Wind of change: In re Fisher and the evolution of the American biotechnology patent law Source: Rimmer, Matthew (ed.), Patent Law and Biological Inventions. Annandale, N.S.W.: Federation Press, 2006. p. 67-84. Abstract: New United States approaches to biotechnology patenting -- In re Fisher -- genetic expressed sequence tags (ESTs) -- historical context of the case -- more restrictive approach -rationale for the change -- national and international concerns -- US Patent and Trademark Office issues -- law catching up with science -- facts of the case -- patent rejection by USPTO -- Board of Patent Appeals and interferences -- United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit -- impact of Fisher on US biotechnology sector. Subject: Biotechnology--patentability--United States Subject: Biotechnology--case law--United States Subject: Patentability--case law--United States Page 71