Berkeley Energy Resources Collaborative Career Guide for Energy Climate CleanTech

Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative Career Guide for Energy, Climate & CleanTech Law 2008 Produced by BERC@Boalt Introduction ............................................................................................................ 3 Preamble (Read this first!)................................................................................ 4 Other Resources .............................................................................................. 4 Note to 1Ls ....................................................................................................... 5 Note to Legal Practitioners ............................................................................... 5 Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative (BERC) ..................................... 5 Berkeley Center for Law & Technology (BCLT) ............................................... 5 Law Firms ............................................................................................................... 6 Practice Group Descriptions............................................................................. 8 Large / Medium Law Firms............................................................................. 10 Small / Boutique Law Firms ........................................................................... 32 Other Legal Employers ....................................................................................... 35 Public Interest & Public Sector....................................................................... 36 In-House .....................................................................(coming in future editions) Solo Practice & Consulting.............................................................................45 Appendices .......................................................................................................... 46 Glossary of Acronyms ....................................................................................47 Index by City................................................................................................... 53 Index by Firm / Organization Name ............................................................... 55 INTRODUCTION Preamble (Read this First!) The fields of energy, climate change and cleantech have expanded dramatically in recent years. However, the legal landscape of those practice areas remains very unclear to interested law students. The purposes of this guide are to (1) help students understand the realities of practicing in different aspects of the energy, climate change and cleantech sectors, (2) demonstrate the breadth of opportunities available, (3) identify the leaders in the field, and (4) aid students in their employment search by offering a broader perspective than any website or recruitment event can offer. We want students to seek out the jobs best suited for them, and would like to help employers target the most motivated new lawyers for this area of practice. This is a guide (not a directory) and we have not attempted to make it comprehensive. We have gathered information from a variety of sources - attorneys, office administrators, recruitment coordinators, students, promotional materials, and websites. We have not strived for uniformity. The fact that some entries are longer or more detailed does not suggest that we value those employers more highly. We have aimed, however, to distinguish between our own descriptions and summaries, and those coming from lawyers or recruiters, and tried to give the most accurate portrayals possible. Although not intentional, the guide’s geographic bias is nonetheless obvious. We have had more occasion to interact with lawyers in San Francisco, Silicon Valley and Sacramento than elsewhere. And although we recognize that much of the most exciting climate and carbon finance work is located abroad, this guide heavily favors U.S.-based companies and domestic practices. Our public sector entries also focus on positions at the federal and California-state level, but there are numerous opportunities in these fields in other states and in local government offices (cities, counties, etc.) We use “ECC” to represent Energy / Climate / Cleantech. Please send any comments, questions or suggestions to berc.boalt@gmail.com. Other Resources Ranking Tables Ranking tables for various legal practices can be helpful to give an overview of which firms work in distinct areas, but be careful and take them with a grain of salt! The sort of things that make a firm appear or rise on these tables may not be at all correlated to whether it is a good place to start out as a new associate. Significantly, some excellent lawyers and mentors in ECC practices are not ranked at all. To start, check out http://www.chambersandpartners.com and http://www.law.com/career_center/surveys_rankings.shtml. Bar Associations Joining a relevant bar association or professional group can help put you in contact with others practicing the type of law that interests you - in both the public and private sectors. Consider the Energy Bar Association (http://www.eba-net.org), and the American Bar Association’s Section of Environment, Energy and Resources (http://www.abanet.org/environ/). City or regional associations might also have member groups for your preferred practice area. National Association for Law Placement (NALP) The NALP directory (http://www.nalpdirectory.com) is a great place to search among medium and large law firms. The NALP database includes which practice groups are prominent in the firm, the number of lawyers working in each office, whether they hire 2L and/or 1L summer associates, and much more. NALP also provides information about public service legal work at PSLawNet (http://www.pslawnet.org/). Note To 1Ls The process of looking for your first summer job can be daunting, but we hope this guide can be of at least some help. For medium and larger firms, we suggest beginning your inquiries with the National Association for Law Placement (NALP) directory at www.nalpdirectory.com. Yet don’t be afraid to contact lawyers or recruiters directly if you are particularly interested in a certain employer. Demonstrating your enthusiasm is never a bad thing. Smaller firms are less likely to hire 1L summer associates, and their hiring needs are often less predictable than larger offices. There are a great number of (usually unpaid) public interest and public sector summer internships available. This guide highlights certain organizations that typically consider 1Ls. Note To Legal Practitioners Please email berc.boalt@gmail.com if you would like the information relayed here to updated or expanded, or if you have any other questions. Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative (BERC) BERC@Boalt is the law school branch of the Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative, a student-led organization which aims to connect and develop the UC Berkeley energy and resources community. BERC acts as a bridge between the University's many programs, schools, and labs, and works to forge connections with the larger cleantech and energy clusters in the Bay Area and beyond. BERC@Boalt endeavors to educate law students about current legal practice and advances in the fields of energy, climate change and clean technologies. BERC@Boalt assists with curriculum development, an expanding alumni and professional network, and the promotion of events and discussions centered on green issues. The group also connects student members to industry professionals and graduate students in other UC Berkeley departments to facilitate interdisciplinary collaboration and project development. To learn more about BERC or join the group, please visit http://berc.berkeley.edu. If you have questions, please email berc.boalt@gmail.com. Berkeley Center for Law & Technology (BCLT) The mission of the Berkeley Center for Law & Technology is to foster beneficial and ethical advancement of technology by promoting the understanding and guiding the development of intellectual property and related fields of law and policy as they intersect with business, science and technology. To learn more, please visit http://www.law.berkeley.edu/institutes/bclt/ or email bclt@law.berkeley.edu. The BERC@Boalt team is deeply grateful for the tremendous support provided by BCLT. Please note, however, that all opinions expressed in this guide belong only to the BERC students and do NOT reflect the views of BCLT staff. LAW FIRMS Emerging Companies Emerging companies practice groups often work with clients from pre-formation, through financing, and then in ongoing operations. In doing so, they gather expertise in a number of specific areas. On the finance side, they advise clients on venture finance, private equity, securities, and tax issues. Due to the nature of the product, many alternative energy companies face unique financing challenges, and lawyers must understand changing tax incentives, shifts in international markets and trading platforms, and trends in venture funding. These practice groups also offer corporate counseling on choice of entity structure, executive and employee compensation, employee, human resources, exit strategies, and other strategic issues. Additionally, they provide a great deal of counseling regarding development, acquisition and exploitation of intellectual property. Lawyers in emerging companies groups often form very strong ties with their clients, and maintain professional relationships for very long periods of time. Attorneys new to the practice are often able to have significantly more direct contact with the clients than in litigation or other corporate practices. Silicon Valley remains the center of emerging company and venture finance law practice, but several prominent practices exist in San Francisco and other major cities. Some firms that should be on your list if you are interested in this field: Wilson Sonsini, Orrick, Cooley, Gunderson Dettmer and Covington. Cleantech IP Cleantech-specific practices are beginning to branch out of several traditional IP practices – forming a distinct industry group similar to biotech or software. Lawyers working in these groups help to acquire and develop clients’ intellectual property (most notably through patent prosecution), license and transfer their technology, and protect their IP rights through alternative dispute resolution. Future years are almost certain to bring more intellectual property disputes over clean technologies, requiring more IP litigators to become familiar with the industry as well. If you want to do cleantech-IP, some big firms to look at include Morrison & Foerster, Cooley, Fenwick, Gunderson Dettmer, and Wilson Sonsini. Especially in Silicon Valley, some IP or patent boutique firms are beginning to develop cleantech-specific practices as well. Project Finance The objective of this practice is to finance the construction of large projects - traditionally infrastructure or utility projects such as power plants, refineries or dams. Increasingly project finance involves wind farms, concentrated solar arrays, and other forms of renewable generation. The financing will typically employ both project debt and equity, with the debt being repaid from the income generated by the functional project. This differs from other forms of finance because acquisition of funding is generally more dependent upon the analysis and management of risk associated with the project than with the credit risk of the borrowers. The practice requires lawyers to understand the rationale for project financing, prepare the financial plan, assess the risks, design the financing mix, and help procure funds. It further draws upon knowledge of public/private financing structures, credit requirements of lenders, contractual partnerships, cash flow projection, and tax rules. A project may be subject to a number of technical, environmental, economic and political risks, particularly in developing countries and emerging markets. To cope with these, project sponsors (equity investors) often contract with a syndicate of banks and other parties to allocate risk effectively while simultaneously ensuring profits for each party involved. A special purpose entity is often created for a new project, which shields other assets owned by the sponsor in the event the project fails. The project finance practice tends to be focused in large geographic markets, and often involves significant international components. Day-to-day work involves document drafting and negotiation; it is a very document-intensive practice. Beyond working at law firms or in-house at the financial institutions which sponsor projects, other in-house opportunities can include development banks. Such public interest positions have both international and political components, often allowing the attorney to interact with governments and large international organizations. No matter where a lawyer works, project finance work can be challenging – deals are very complex, require extraordinary organization, and often can take years to close. The heart of United States project finance work is undoubtedly in New York City, but many of the firms with big NYC practices also have reasonably strong practice groups along the west coast. If you want to do energy project finance, we recommend that you consider: Milbank, Latham, Chadbourne & Parke, Andrews Kurth, Wilson Sonsini, Baker & McKenzie, Allen & Overy, White & Case, Orrick, and Skadden. Large-Scale Transactional We are using this category as a catch-all corporate practice for non-emerging companies specializing in the energy and cleantech industries. Legal work of this nature includes practice specialties such as tax, M&A, and employment agreements. Depending on the firm and the situation, there may be several attorneys who would not consider themselves to be “energy lawyers,” but nevertheless know the ins and outs of the energy sector because of familiarization with the taxing schemes applied to energy companies/projects, or employment arrangements unique to the industry. Some firms we recommend for your consideration: Skadden, White & Case, Milbank, Latham, Chadbourne & Parke, Andrews Kurth, Wilson Sonsini, Orrick, Baker & McKenzie, Fulbright & Jaworski, Pillsbury, and Dewey. Energy Regulatory Energy regulatory work exists at the federal level, primarily with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), and at the state level with a variety of agencies. On behalf of their clients (which often include utilities, IPPs, trade groups, municipalities, power marketers and other energy companies) lawyers participate in ratemaking and rulemaking proceedings, lobby for favorable legislation, and advocate for license, project or merger approval. Energy regulatory practices are often similar to litigation practices in terms of attorney work product and participation, but matters are typically resolved on a much more contracted timetable. FERC Practice - While other offices nationwide frequently have FERC cases, the heart of the practice is obviously in DC. Some firms to check out: Van Ness Feldman, Skadden, Chadbourne & Parke, Dewey and White & Case. NRC Practice - Firms worth a look: Winston & Strawn, Pillsbury, Dewey, Morgan Lewis, Kirkland and Hunton & Lewis. State Agency Practice - We know the most about the California energy regulatory structure. Larger firms to consider for CPUC work include Winston & Strawn and Manatt Phelps, and boutiques include Goodin MacBride, and Ellison. Climate Change Climate change practices are far more developed abroad (where emissions regulations and markets already exist) than in the US, but this field is developing faster than probably any other in contemporary American law. Climate change practice combines regulatory and financial aspects. Regulation / Compliance Where regulatory schemes exist, lawyers assist clients in complying with emissions and environmental rules, and legal work can bare strong resemblance to more traditional environmental compliance practice. In the U.S., many energy-intensive companies are presently focusing on precompliance - setting baselines and analyzing options for emissions reductions in anticipation of future legislation. Clients in this area often are not those developing renewable generation sources, but instead can be as diverse as industrial production companies undergoing extensive energy efficiency retrofits, companies developing landfill gas or dairy digester projects, oil refineries, natural gas pipeline companies, and cement manufacturers. Carbon Finance & Trading Under cap and trade systems, companies or countries can only emit a specified amount of GHGs, and such regulated entities buy carbon allowances or develop offset projects (“carbon finance”) when doing so is cheaper than paying to reduce emissions themselves. The majority of the projects are located in developing countries which do not have to meet any targets for GHG reductions, but can develop projects under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) to sell the credits to countries with existing targets. Lawyers help clients in determining appropriate projects, securing the financing, navigating the different jurisdictional laws and regulations, and properly reporting the projects’ outputs to the emissions regulatory body. Regulated entities that emit less than expected can also sell its surplus allowances to those unable to meet emissions caps. Climate change attorneys assist clients in all aspects of negotiating and effectuating such trades. Some firms: Clifford Chance, Van Ness Feldman, Beveridge & Diamond, Bingham McCutchen, Akin Gump, Sonnenschien, Baker & McKenzie, Hunton & Williams, and Covington. Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP www.akingump.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC; Houston, TX; Austin, TX; Dallas, TX; Los Angeles, CA; New York, NY; Moscow, Russia Description: Akin Gump has a large traditional energy practice, as well as a growing climate and carbon finance practice. The firm’s climate lawyers advise clients on domestic and international policy issues, help with international compliance and domestic pre-compliance, represent investment funds and private equity firms, help with global carbon offset projects, and provide litigation counsel on matters involving environmental impact statements, permitting, corporate disclosure and rulemaking. The energy group has extensive regulatory experience at state and federal levels, advocates for clients in policy formation and rulemaking proceedings, and assists clients in large transactional matters including M&A and project finance. The firm represents utilities, IPPs, cogeneration facilities, natural gas and crude oil suppliers, and nuclear energy companies. Allen & Overy www.allenovery.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: New York, NY; London, UK; Brussels, Belgium; Beijing, China; Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; Paris, France; Frankfurt, Germany; Milan, Italy; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Tokyo, Japan; Singapore; Madrid, Spain; Dubai, UAE Description: Allen & Overy, a UK firm, is one of the undisputed leaders in global project finance. They also have substantial expertise in transactional work for the established energy sector, including M&A, securitization, privatization, real estate, tax, and environmental compliance. Alston & Bird LLP www.alston.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC; Atlanta, GA Description: Alston & Bird’s has a very prominent climate change and carbon management team, with particular strength in international carbon trading and advising on carbon-capture projects throughout the world. The team also provides risk consultation, as well as legislative and regulatory advocacy. Clients include hedge funds, energy-intensive companies such as airlines, existing energy (usually oil and coal) companies and new enterprises that have been specifically organized to exploit trading and development opportunities in carbon mitigation and capture. The firm also has a substantial renewable energy and cleantech practice, especially in project finance / development (with particular focus on wind, ethanol, biomass, solar, and coal-to-liquid sectors), and regulatory work at state, federal and international levels. Andrews Kurth www.andrewskurth.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Houston, TX; Dallas, TX; Austin, TX; Washington, DC; London, UK Description: Andrews Kurth has an extensive domestic energy practice, representing biofuels developers and financers, oil and gas producers, onshore and offshore service companies, pipelines, power project developers, IPPs, cogenerators, energy marketers and exchanges, and end users. Andrews Kurth also represent investors, equity funds, venture funds and banks as they invest in clean and renewable technologies. The firm has strength in large transactional work, especially project finance and development, and its energy regulatory and litigation practice is also notable, at both state and federal levels. Arnold & Porter LLP www.arnoldporter.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC (~40 of 380 attorneys); New York, NY; Los Angeles, CA; London, UK Description: Among US firms, Arnold & Porter has one of the highest ranked climate change practices, which focuses on state and federal regulatory programs, energy and transportation policy, land use, international trade, and litigation. It also has an established traditional energy practice (oil, gas, electricity and nuclear) and works with renewable and distributed energy generation. The firm’s expertise includes project finance, M&A, international arbitration, investigations under the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, large corporate transactions, and complex litigation. Baker Botts LLP www.bakerbotts.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Houston, TX; Austin, TX; New York, NY; Washington, DC; London, UK; Moscow, Russia; Dubai, UAE; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Beijing, China; Hong Kong Description: Baker Botts has one of the strongest traditional energy practices in the U.S., especially for representation of oil and gas companies. The various offices work closely together to finance and develop international projects, and to perform other large-scale transactions and M&A. The firm is also strong in dispute resolution, and in representing clients in regulatory and litigation proceedings before FERC, state agencies and in federal courts. Baker Botts’ climate change practice draws upon its energy-industry strength to help companies with global compliance and domestic pre-compliance issues, carbon offset project development, offset purchases, credit exchange on carbon markets, and consideration of carbon capture and sequestration projects. Baker & McKenzie www.bakernet.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Diego, CA; Washington, DC; Houston, TX; Sydney, Australia; Melbourne, Australia; London, UK; Warsaw, Poland; Sao Paulo, Brazil; Tokyo, Japan; Juarez, Mexico Description: Baker & McKenzie has a substantial (and highly ranked) project finance practice, in which the firm often represents alternative energy companies as well as the private equity funds and banks which sponsor the projects. Baker also does substantial M&A and large transactional work in the ECC sphere. The firm’s international offices have prominent climate change and energy public markets practices, helping the companies they represent comply with regulations, respond to environmental risks and participate effectively in carbon markets. Representative Cleantech Transactions (US): Nordic Windpower Limited - in its first round of venture capital financing and acquisition of a Swedish-based wind turbine company, KMR Power Corporation - in connection with the refinancing of a large power project in Columbia, Sanwa Bank in financing a waste tires-to-energy project. (International): Sydney Olympic Games - in drafting renewable energy supply agreements for the games, Mizuho Corporate Bank - in financing wind power plants in Japan, Gulf Yala Green - in the development of a 20MW bio-mass plant in Thailand, C-Power - in project development and permitting of two off-shore wind farms. Bingham McCutchen www.bingham.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~5 of 120 attorneys); Walnut Creek, Ca (~4 of 20 attorneys); Boston, MA; Los Angeles, CA; Washington, DC Description: Bingham’s specialties in the ECC field include regulatory and environmental compliance, litigation, real estate / land use, corporate counseling and transactions of all types. The firm has specific industry expertise in electric power, petrochemicals and petroleum. It does additional work in project finance and M&A. Representative climate change matters include advising clients concerning the registration of emission reductions with the California Climate Action Registry, and trading within emissions markets such as EU’s Emissions Trading Scheme, RGGI, the Chicago Climate Exchange, and RECLAIM. Bingham takes part in state and federal legislation and rulemaking, by monitoring, commenting on and promoting legislative proposals for GHG regulation. Practice Groups: Primary - Energy / Litigation; Secondary - Environmental / Gov’t; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 60% Representative Clients / Projects: State of California, Competitive Power Ventures, NextLight Renewables, City and County of San Francisco Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1987 Career Path: I began as an environmental litigator. I was introduced to energy law as Senior Deputy Legal Affairs Secretary to Governor Davis during the 2000-2001 California energy crisis. Chadbourne & Parke LLP www.chadbourne.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Los Angeles, CA (~9 of 17 attorneys); New York, NY; Washington, DC; London, UK; Mexico City, Mexico; Almaty, Kazakhstan; Moscow, Russia; Warsaw, Poland Description: Chadbourne is one of the leaders in renewable energy project finance and other largescale transactional matters, including private equity investments, capital market access, M&A and some VC deals. It has especially excelled in deals in the wind industry, both in the U.S. and abroad, but has considerable experience in traditional energy practice as well. The firm also has a strong reputation in international emissions and energy trading practice, and has drawn upon this experience to create a leading climate change practice. Representative Matters: PPM Energy - monetizations of portfolios of large US wind farms; GE Energy Financial Services - equity investment in various renewable projects; Tenaska Power Fund in acquisition of natural gas-fired power plants; WestLB AG - in funding of three ethanol plants in the Midwest; Leaf Clean Energy Co. - representing clean energy fund in VC deal; NGP Energy Capital - structure and formation of private equity fund targeting energy industry investments. Clifford Chance www.cliffordchance.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: New York, NY; Washington, DC; London, UK; Brussels, Belgium; Frankfurt, Germany; Beijing, China; Shanghai, China; Hong Kong; Singapore; Dubai, UAE; Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Moscow, Russia Description: Clifford Chance is a London-based firm, but has one of the biggest presences in the US Climate Change market, and is a true leader in emissions trading and carbon finance expertise worldwide. The firm represents project financers, developers, and investment funds on designing emissions trading systems, emission-reduction purchase agreements, risk analysis and other aspects of project development. It also helps with regulatory compliance issues, adaptations issues including real estate and land use planning, dispute resolution, risk assessment and corporate restructuring. Clifford Chance additionally has an established international energy practice, Cooley Godward Kronish LLP www.cooley.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Palo Alto (Silicon Valley), CA; San Francisco, CA; Broomfield, CO; Boston, MA Description: Cooley assists cleantech companies in a wide variety of corporate matters — obtaining early stage funding, negotiating supply and distribution agreements, entering joint ventures or other alliances, obtaining and securing intellectual property, licensing and commercializing technologies, and undergoing other complex technology transactions, and represents venture capital and private equity funds focused on cleantech investments. Cooley also represents clients in larger scale transactional matters, including energy project finance (most notably gas turbine, landfill gas, waste-to-energy, hydroelectric, solar and wind), and M&A. Covington & Burling LLP www.cov.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~4 of 35 attorneys); New York, NY; Washington, DC; London, UK Description: Covington has a quickly-growing cleantech practice, most notably in the SF office. The east coast and London offices have impressive climate / carbon finance practices, where lawyers concentrate both on EU trading schemes and regional initiatives in the U.S, and help develop projects largely in Asia and Latin America. The energy group, primarily in the DC office, represents investor-owned utilities, IPPs, local distributors, natural gas pipelines, marketers and traders, oil and gas producers, wind producers, electric co-ops, large end-users, financiers, project developers, investors, transmitters, and others in regulatory / FERC, corporate, and legislative matters. Description: Our cleantech practice focuses on emerging or established companies that are innovators in efficient uses of energy, water and materials, and in the mitigation or avoidance of contamination and other environmental risks. We represent early-stage venture and private equity investors in these companies, as well as cleantech entrepreneurial and expansion-stage companies in their ongoing businesses. We also represent financial intermediaries working with these companies in financing and capital markets transactions, and advise cleantech companies on their potential use and monetization of GHG emission reductions and other environmental credits. Our cleantech practice draws on others - in particular, Energy, IP, and Carbon Markets & Climate Change - integrating these capabilities with our transactional expertise and general knowledge of the venture and private equity markets. We are uniquely positioned to service the cleantech community: our venture and private equity teams have a track record of many years’ success in advising emerging companies in diverse areas of innovation. We combine this with leading capabilities in IP and with the insights of our industry and regulatory practices on the state, regional, federal and international policy environments in which cleantech companies are operating, as well as visibility into the venture community itself and the capital markets. We consider this to be an area with large potential for growth, a leading-edge practice with exceptional opportunities to leverage our collaborative approach for partnering with and servicing our clients. Representative Cleantech Clients / Transactions — SF Office: VantagePoint Venture Partners, a leading venture capital firm, as lead investor in the Series A financing of Cobalt Technologies, Inc, a biofuels company; Microfield, Inc., a leading provider of demand-response technology, in ongoing corporate transactional matters; New Luna, LP, a private equity fund focused on green real estate development, in forming the investment fund; Firm-Wide: Expansion Capital Partners, LLC, a cleantech venture capital firm, in its $4.5 million Series C Preferred Stock investment in Orion Energy Systems, Ltd.; Solar Century Limited, the UK’s leading PV supplier, on a Series B funding round by various venture capital investors; Indian Energy Limited, a wind energy project in India, on a £10 million pre-IPO private placement; Energy Conversion Devices, Inc., a provider of thin-film solar modules and other alternative energy generation solutions, in ongoing corporate and securities matters. Representative Energy / Climate Advisory Projects Firm-Wide: American Wind Energy Ass’n in rulemaking proceedings before FERC; Airtricity, an Irish wind developer, on federal regulatory policies and legislation impacting the wind industry; Misc.: advice to private equity firms / hedge funds about federal and state RPS; advocacy assistance on issues related to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol; lobbying with respect to federal, state and EU climate change legislation; advice to companies on tax or regulatory benefits available for GHG reduction; advice to sovereign governments concerning implementation of GHG emission trading and credit certification schemes; transactional assistance and compliance advice to clients trading under the EU Emissions Trading Scheme and under cap-and-trade regimes that may go into effect elsewhere in the world; patent and IP advice to clients who are acquiring or creating new emission reduction technologies. Davis Wright Tremaine LLP www.dwt.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~5 of 40 attorneys); Seattle, WA; Washington, DC Description: expertise in the regulatory area, including participation in proceedings before FERC, state PUCs, and other agencies; in legislative counseling; complex litigation and facility licensing. Representative clients include several municipal utility districts and investor owned utilities, Pacific Power & Dewey & LeBoeuf www.deweyleboeuf.com Office location: New York, NY; Washington, DC; Boston, MA; London, UK; Milan, Italy; Moscow, Russia; Paris, France; Warsaw, Poland Description: Dewey has substantial experience in the traditional energy sector, representing companies and investors in the development of electric generation, and storage and transmission facilities, various types of financing, and M&A. Dewey’s energy regulatory lawyers represent clients before state PUCs, the FERC, the Dep’t of Energy, the Dep’t of State, the Commodity Futures Trading Comm’n, the Dep’t of Transportation, the Nuclear Regulatory Comm’n, Congress, oil and gas permitting bodies and environmental regulation agencies. Dorsey & Whitney LLP www.dorsey.com Office location: Minneapolis, MN; Seattle, WA; Washington, DC; Anchorage, AK; Denver, CO Description: Dorsey & Whitney has a long established energy regulatory practice, and represents clients before FERC, state PUCs, the Dep’t of Energy, the EPA and Congress. The firm also does substantial project finance work, - especially for crude oil, natural gas, LNG, wind power, ethanol and hydroelectric power. Duane Morris LLP www.duanemorris.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~5 of 60 attorneys); Washington, DC; New York, NY; London, UK; Hanoi, Vietnam Description: Duane Morris does substantial energy regulatory work - representing both private and public sector clients before the FERC, the Dep’t of Energy, the SEC, and state PUCs, and works closely with several energy trade associations. The firm also does substantial energy project development work, especially through its international offices. Fenwick & West LLP www.fenwick.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Mountain View (Silicon Valley), CA; San Francisco, CA; Boise, ID; Seattle, WA Description: Fenwick specializes in technology and life sciences. It represents a number of companies developing clean technologies (including cellulosic ethanol; low-wind generators; highconcentration solar collectors, nuclear material management systems; and power supply, control and management circuits) in IP, corporate and financial matters. The firm also represents investors (such as Kleiner Perkins, Khosla Ventures, NEA, Goldman Sachs, TPG Growth, Aqua International Partners and GFI Energy Ventures) on fund formation, due diligence and investments. Foley & Lardner LLP www.foley.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Madison, WI; Milwaukee, WI; Chicago, IL; Washington, DC Description: Foley has one of the strongest practices in the Midwest for both energy transactional work and regulation. Its expertise includes M&A, securities offerings, compliance issues, regulatory approval, project siting, and energy efficiency counseling. The firm commonly represents project developers (for traditional and renewable generation projects), public utility companies, energy holding corporations, and independent power producers. Fulbright & Jaworski LLP www.fulbright.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Los Angeles, CA (~7 of 70 attorneys); Houston, TX (~90 of 300 attorneys); Austin, TX; San Antonio, TX; Dallas, TX; Denver, CO; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Hong Kong; Dubai, UAE; London, UK Description: Fulbright has a very large and extensive energy practice spanning nearly every aspect of the traditional energy industry in transactional, regulatory, dispute resolution and litigation matters. The firm’s expertise includes representation before FERC, other federal agencies, and state commissions; project finance and development; M&A; and corporate litigation. Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP www.gibsondunn.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Los Angeles, CA; Orange County, CA; San Francisco, CA; Dallas, TX; Washington, DC; New York, NY; London, UK; Singapore; Brussels, Belgium Description: Gibson Dunn is acquiring substantial experience in climate change litigation, in which the firm often represents large corporations, especially automakers. Lawyers in the firm also counsel clients on various climate-related matters such as GHG legislation, regulatory schemes and compliance issues. Gibson Dunn maintains a strong energy project practice as well, encompassing finance, development, construction and operation. Goodwin Procter LLP www.goodwinprocter.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Boston, MA; Washington, DC Description: Goodwin Procter serves national and international companies as they acquire, expand, develop and operate power-generation projects and facilities. The firm’s expertise includes siting and permitting of facilities, negotiating energy-related services and agreements, and environmental due diligence and compliance, with particular strength in the nuclear and electric power sectors. It also participates in regulatory proceedings before FERC and state PUCs. Greenberg Traurig LLP www.gtlaw.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Denver, CO; Houston, TX; Albany, NY; Washington, DC; Miami, FL; Palm Beach, FL Description: Greenberg Traurig has substantial practices in project finance (for both traditional and renewable energy projects); energy company M&A; oil and gas exploration, production, transportation and storage; corporate governance relating to climate change and emissions compliance; ADR; and representation before FERC, state PUCs and other regulatory bodies. Gunderson Dettmer LLP www.gunder.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Silicon Valley, CA; San Diego, CA; New York, NY; Boston, MA Description: Gunderson Dettmer specializes in representing entrepreneurs and emerging growth companies in every stage of development and the venture capital and private equity firms that support their efforts. The firm provides these entities with advice on raising capital, protecting and commercializing IP, tax, M&A and executive compensation. Gunderson Dettmer is broadly experienced with a wide range of Clean Tech companies including solar, wind and biofuel generation and storage developers, hybrid and electric vehicle manufacturers, as well as sustainable and bioengineered materials firms. The Firm also represents numerous crossover companies seeking to bring low power consumption technologies to more traditional applications ranging from highly efficient network servers to industrial pumps. Gunderson Dettmer also actively represents many leading Clean Tech investors; clients have included DFJ Element, Enertech Capital, Khosla Ventures, Kleiner Perkins, The Virgin Green Fund and The Westly Group. Hunton & Williams www.hunton.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC; Richmond, VA; New York, NY; Charlotte, NC; London, UK; Brussels, Belgium; Beijing, China Description: Hunton & Williams is one of the leaders in climate change practice in the US, drawing on extensive environmental and energy experience. It represents clients in financing and developing carbon projects, and advises them on entering emissions trading markets - both voluntary and official. The firm also advises on state and regional climate change initiatives, and has litigated in prominent climate change cases. The energy team represents public utilities, IPPs, RTOs, and ISOs in proceedings before FERC and other regulatory bodies and in a variety of transactional matters. Hunton & Williams is also known for its nuclear energy expertise; the firm has represented the US Dep’t of Energy in the licensing of Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository. Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmaro LLP www.jmbm.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~6 of 23 attorneys); Los Angeles, CA Description: Both the LA and SF offices of JMBM have substantial experience representing the interests of energy producers, distributors and lessors, in both regulatory and financial matters. The firm’s expertise includes: representation before various agencies and regulatory bodies such as FERC, DOE, CPUC and other utility commissions; LNG receiving and storage facilities; siting, permitting and closing power facilities; pipeline transactions and transmission tariffs; M & A and joint ventures; project finance including leveraged and synthetic leases; energy leasing, production and exploration agreements; patent applications, licensing, validity and infringement studies. The energy practitioners often work in government, land use, environmental and building materials practice groups as well. Jones Day www.jonesday.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Chicago, IL; Columbus, OH; Houston, TX; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Madrid, Spain; Singapore Description: Jones Day has a prominent energy transactional practice; their clients include domestic and international electric and gas utilities, natural gas pipelines, independent power producers, electric transmission companies, developers and owners of wind power and other renewable energy sources, construction, engineering and environmental firms, oil and gas companies, companies trading electricity and natural gas, and financial institutions providing capital and related services to these industries. In addition to project finance, and other large-scale transactional work, Jones Day has a strong regulatory practice, especially in Washington DC Kirkland & Ellis LLP www.kirkland.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC (~12 of 190 attorneys); Chicago, IL; New York, NY; London, UK Description: Kirkland’s energy lawyers split their time between regulatory work (especially in FERC and NRC proceedings) and transactional matters (focusing on purchases and sales of plants, pipelines, and other energy assets). The firm’s climate change work draws upon its environmental expertise, and it has been heavily involved in issues concerning proposed federal legislation to control emissions. Kirkland is poised to substantially increase work in GHG compliance matters. K&L Gates LLP www.klgates.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: New York, NY; Newark, NJ; Boston, MA; Harrisburg, PA; Pittsburg, PA; Washington, DC; Seattle, WA; Dallas, TX; London, UK Description: K&L Gates has strong regulatory and transactional teams serving energy clients such as investor-owned and publicly-owned utilities, IPPs, alternative energy project developers and producers, emerging businesses in the smart energy sector, power marketers, oil and gas producers, coal bed methane producers, natural gas and petroleum product storage and transmission companies, members of the nuclear power industry, end users, municipalities, lenders, developers and contractors. The firm also has a well-developed Climate Change Task Force which serves public and private sector clients, and is focused on both political and financial concerns. Latham & Watkins LLP www.lw.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA; San Diego, CA; Orange County, CA; New York, NY; Washington, DC; London, UK; Singapore Description: Latham & Watkins is one of the premier firms for project finance, especially for lenderside work. While their California offices have some of the best project finance practices on the west coast, the heart of their practice is in New York. Manatt, Phelps & Phillips, LLP www.manatt.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~5 of 60 attorneys); Los Angeles, CA (~20 of 185 attorneys); Orange County, CA; Washington, DC Description: Manatt’s primary focus in this sector is on companies that develop, produce, market, transport and process energy resources. The firm advises them on all aspects of the industry, including business / transactional agreements, community relations, clean energy alternatives, environmental compliance / licensing / due diligence, litigation before FERC / CPUC / other regulatory bodies and courts, policy, project finance and land use. Practice Groups: Primary - (Chair) Energy, Environment and Resources, including Climate Change Solutions Group and Solar and Renewables Project Development Team; Secondary - Appellate Practice; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 100% (other than pro bono hours) Representative Clients / Projects: TransCanada Pipelines, Tesoro Refining and Marketing, County of Los Angeles, Hydrogen Energy Inc. The Future: Our practice will be evolving from one that represents and advises the fossil fuel energy business to one that works with renewables and alternative energy sources Education: Georgetown - J.D. 1976; University of Santa Clara - B.A. 1972 Career Path: Following a judicial clerkship I worked for the FPC/FERC, rose to legal advisor to a commissioner, 18 years as in house counsel for two utility companies and 10 years in private practice Words of Wisdom: What may have worked for me is not necessarily what will work for others. The legal field provides a career, not a mere job. A career path is more an accident than a plan implemented. Be prepared to change and adapt. Honesty and respect are hard won and easily lost and should be preserved at all costs – and there is no real excuse for lack of civility or respect to anyone. You are blessed with having become a lawyer and you should be prepared to share your knowledge with those in need. To do all that you will need to do will require a great deal of time and effort but do not forget that a well rounded person is one with both a career and a life, and both need nurturing. McDermott Will & Emery www.mwe.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Chicago, IL; Houston, TX; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Boston, MA; London, UK Description: McDermott represents clients in all aspects of U.S. and international energy and derivative markets, and has substantial experience in large energy corporate transactions, M&A, and project finance. They also give regulatory and compliance advise for matters under FERC, state PUCs, the Dep’t of Energy, the EPA, retail energy markets, and emissions trading schemes. Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP www.milbank.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Los Angeles, CA (~17 of 70); New York, NY; London, UK; Singapore Description: Milbank is one of the leaders in international project finance work, known especially for lender-side work, and has one of the strongest project finance practices in California. The LA office focuses on renewables, whereas the NY office has a more traditional energy practice. Firmwide, Milbank also represents energy companies and developers, private equity and hedge funds, and financial institutions in a variety of large scale transactional matters throughout the industry sectors of oil and gas, LNG, power generation, biofuels, wind and hydroelectric. Miller Nash www.millernash.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Portland, OR; Seattle, WA Description: Miller Nash has one of the strongest regulatory practices in the Pacific Northwest. The energy practice additionally includes negotiations and financing for renewable generation facilities, helping to obtain and sell “green tags” or qualify for energy tax credits, ADR, permitting and siting for power projects, real estate and land use matters, and drafting and analysis of state legislation. Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP www.morganlewis.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC; Los Angeles, CA Description: The DC office of Morgan Lewis is known especially for its transaction and regulatory work representing oil, gas, nuclear and electric power clients. On the transactional side, lawyers assist clients to develop new energy projects - in both generation and transmission, license new facilities, and complete large commercial deals. They also advise clients on internal audits and various compliance matters, and represent them before FERC and in other ratemaking, trial and appellate proceedings. The L.A. office has a prominent renewables practice, most notably representing wind power companies. The team is strong in project development and finance, environmental compliance, and real estate and land use matters. Morrison & Foerster LLP www.mofo.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA; Palo Alto, CA; Walnut Creek, CA; San Diego, CA; Los Angeles, CA; Sacramento, CA; Denver, CO; New York, NY; Washington, DC; McLean, VA; Shanghai, China; Tokyo, Japan; London, UK Description: MoFo’s cleantech practice includes about 100 lawyers (for at least part of their time) and serves companies (public, private, emerging) and investors (VC, private equity and investment bankers) in IP and transactional matters. Expertise includes biofuels, solar, biological solutions, sustainable green programs, carbon markets and trading, organic products, carbon tracking and sequestration, waste reduction, water technology, energy efficiency, fuel cells and batteries, green building and green advertising. Representative clients include venture investors like Kleiner Perkins, Khosla Ventures, Mohr Davidow Ventures, and Goldman Sachs; established companies like EnerTech, emerging companies like Carbonetworks, Arcadia, AgileWaves, Photon Energy Systems and Range Fuels; the Biomimicry Institute; and the US Green Building Council. For more information, contact cleantech@mofo.com. The energy practice at MoFo represents generators, gas and energy traders and marketers, energy service providers, investor-owned and municipal utilities, pipeline companies, industrial and commercial customers, investors, lenders, public entities and others in connection with the structuring, financing, regulatory approval and operation of power, natural gas, energy and infrastructure projects, regulatory matters, and litigation. Practice Groups: Primary - Financial Transactions and Cleantech; Secondary - Real estate finance; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 30% Representative Clients / Projects: Mineral Acquisition Partners, financing of wind energy and solar energy projects A Day in the Life: I represent financing parties (lenders and borrowers) in the financing of any number of assets, including wind and solar power facilities. I structure the transactions, document and negotiate them, and bring them to a closing. The size of my deals ranges from $2 million to $1 billion. The Future: As our clients focus more of their time and resources on financing green construction, green businesses and renewable energy projects, we will work on more of those deals. Education: Hastings College of the Law - J.D. 1986; UC Santa Barbara - B.A. Political Science Career Path: I began my practice in 1986 at the law firm of Orrick Herrington & Sutcliffe, representing financing parties in the lease and construction financing of wind, solar, hydroelectric, landfill and biomass energy projects throughout the United States. I moved to the international law firm Graham & James in 1990, and began representing lenders and borrowers in the financing of any number of assets, including energy facilities, aircraft, transportation equipment and the acquisitions of manufacturing companies and technology companies. In 1999, I moved to Morrison & Foerster, and have continued working on financing transactions, including the financing of M&A transactions and wineries. In 2005 one of our clients, Mineral Acquisition Partners, raised a large fund that was partially dedicated to the financing of renewable energy projects. Since 2005 I have worked on the financing of several wind and solar projects for this client, throughout the United States. Words of Wisdom: When you interview at a law firm, make sure they are doing the kind of work you are interest in doing. Read the trade journals and other publications that your clients are reading, to keep current on changes in law and technology. Have fun! Practice groups: Primary - Cleantech and Patent / IP; Secondary - IP Litigation; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 40% Representative Clients / Projects: Arcadia Biosciences, Abengoa, Mendel Biotechnology, UC Berkeley, UC Davis; various IP due diligence for venture capitalists investing in Cleantech space A Day in the Life: Counsel investors regarding IP due diligence issues in Cleantech ; Work with patent agents and associates on strategic patent application drafting; Assist IP litigators in patent litigation matters; Guide and counsel clients regarding Cleantech IP matters The Future: I see tremendous growth in the Cleantech practice over the next few years. Many companies and joint ventures are just being formed. Research is ongoing. This will lead to numerous patent filings, licensing work and ultimately patent litigation / prosecution. Education: Golden Gate University of Law - J.D. 1996; UC Davis - Ph.D. in plant physiology 1988, M.S. in agronomy 1984; UC Berkeley - B.S. in biology 1981; Post-doc fellow in molecular biology at Harvard Medical School and Department of Molecular Biology at Massachusetts General Hospital Career Path: While a post-doc at Harvard Medical School, I became frustrated with benchwork. I looked into alternate careers for those with scientific backgrounds. I spoke with a number of patent attorneys, all of whom loved what they were doing. I applied for work at law firms in San Francisco, as a patent agent trainee. I received 3 job offers, all of which were contingent on my going to law school. I went to work for Limbach & Limbach in ‘92 and went to law school part-time. I worked as an associate at Limbach & Limbach from 1996-2000. I finished law school in 1996. I joined Morrison & Foerster in 2000. I became a partner in 2003. I now manage a large group of associates and agents in the San Francisco Patent Department, and I am also on the firm’s Cleantech Steering Committee. Words of Wisdom: Find your niche! This rapidly growing area which will require tremendous expertise. Practice Groups: Corporate & Cleantech; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 95% Representative Clients / Projects: Cleantech — Advanced Refining Concepts, Altra Biofuels, Agile Waves, Arcadia, Biosignal, Carbonetworks, Photon Energy Systems, and Veristeel. Sustainable and social enterprise — include Divinely D’lish/18 Rabbits, Mass Roots Project, Oliver Ranch, Revolution Foods, and Small Potatoes Urban Delivery. Representative non-profit clients include the Biomimicry Institute, Business for Social Responsibility, RSF Social Finance, Goodwill, and Pacific Forest and Watershed Lands Stewardship Council. Representative venture fund clients include Darwin Venture Fund-of-Funds and Pacific Community Ventures. A Day in the Life: 6:00 am conference call (or run if I am lucky) — 7:00 am bottle to my baby — 8:00 am Nanny arrives and I leave for work — 9:00 am to 6:00 pm At the Office. My working day is a mixture of (a) general corporate advice provided to a wide range of private companies and non-profits for whom I serve as outside general counsel, (b) advice to the Boards and management of public and private companies on issues related to sustainability and corporate social responsibility, (c) negotiation of equity/debt financing and M&A transactions, (d) pitching to, and meeting, with prospective clients in the Cleantech space, and (e) Firm, Corporate Group and Cleantech management (meetings, conference calls, organization, delegation of work, review of materials). I provide legal services to between 5 and 10 clients during any given day. — 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm Dinner and time with Family — 8:00 pm to 12:00 pm Respond to email and drafting of agreements . The Future: The more that business recognizes that their balance sheet will be significantly affected by the undervaluation of natural resources and the effects of climate change, the more demand there will be for Cleantech legal services as well as the products and services of our clients. . Education: Duke University - J.D. 1993, LLM 1993; Williams College - B.A. in Political Science / Econ. Career Path: How did I get to MoFo? First, I never had an on-campus interview during law school. I was convinced that I did not want a job at any law firm (particularly not a large one). Second, after living for a few years in China, I earned my master’s in Chinese law at the East China Institute of Law and Politics. For a while, I was convinced that my first job should be working with US companies setting up shop in China. What changed my mind? After graduating from law school, a friend of my father’s explained to me that while I had many interests and passions, I had nothing of value to offer as a lawyer or a business consultant. Going to law school teaches you very little about the actual technical practice of law (particularly on the transactional side). Therefore, I went to work at a large law firm in New York to get some experience and transferred to MoFo San Francisco in 1997. I promised my then boy-friend (now husband) that I would not stay for more than 2 years. Why did I join the Corporate practice? My first transaction in New York involved the financing for a fleet of fishing vessels, representing Chase Manhattan Bank. I loved it. However, I soon learned that debt transactions take months (if not years) to close and involve an incredible amount of paperwork (hundreds of agreements). Corporate, and particularly equity financing transactions, are much faster paced, often closing within 2 months of an initial term sheet. They also involve far fewer agreements. Given my short attention span and continuing desire to learn new things, I was drawn to the corporate practice. I also enjoy the “business side” of law, getting to know the commercial needs and strategic plans of my clients and understanding, structuring, negotiating & drafting complex equity transactions. How did I start in Cleantech? My interest in sustainability and Cleantech was sparked in 1999/2000 when I read “Natural Capitalism.” After I made partner and had more control over my client base, I started representing sustainable and socially responsible companies on a pro bono basis and, through referrals, built a practice representing almost exclusively Cleantech clients. Words of Wisdom: — Read Paul Hawken. — Choose your first job very carefully. — Don’t change jobs every year or two. Go to one place and stick with it for a while so you actually learn something. However, don’t feel pressured to join a big firm if you don’t think you will be happy. Practice Groups: Primary - Cleantech, Enrivonmental, Natural Resources and Land Use; Secondary litigation; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 90% Representative Clients / Projects: Head of firm’s Green Chemistry Group. Represent Honda of North America in California greenhouse gas litigation. Represent Great Basin Unified Air Pollution Control District in developing controls for the largest source of air pollution in the United States, the Owens Dry Lake Bed. Represented Port of Los Angeles on Clean Air Plan. Represented San Francisco International Airport in remediation and environmental efforts. A Day in the Life: My practice is always interesting and fast paced with great variety in clients and matters. Most having cutting edge issues, that is, legal questions to which there is not clear precedent. On any given day, there will be conference calls with clients to provide legal advice and plan case strategy, revisions of legal briefs and working closely with young associates, and often travel for court appearances and negotiations with opposing counsel. The Future: The future of our practice is as bright as anytime in my legal career. The Clean Tech practice at MoFo is recognition of the fundamental changes and resulting explosive growth in environmental and clean technology law. We already have one of the leading practices in the country and I expect the size of our group to double within the next five years, if not sooner. Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1985 (Go Bears!); Univ. of Utah - B.S. in Chemical Engineering 1982 Career Path: I was a chemical engineer before attending Berkeley Law, and then worked for a large environmental law firm for five years to gain experience. I served for five years as the senior environmental trial lawyer at the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Los Angeles before returning to private practice and ultimately becoming a partner at MoFo. Words of Wisdom: This is the best time in the last 25 years to pursue a legal career in energy, climate change and clean technology. If you are uncertain about whether the area is right for you, explore, read and ask a lot of questions of people who are already in the field. If you know this is the area for you, the most important thing you can do as a young lawyer is to get experience. There are many opportunities, in private practice, but especially in government where your intellect and energy can make an enormous difference. Even an unpaid internship will expose you to a whole new world of opportunities, and whatever you can do to gain this experience will pay dividends in the long run in your career. Practice Groups: Primary - Cleantech, Land Use & Environmental Law; Secondary - Litigation; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 30% Representative Clients / Projects: Pacific Forest and Watershed Lands Stewardship Council; Tidal and Wave Energy Development for City and County of San Francisco A Day in the Life: Respond to client calls and e-mails, conference calls with clients, agencies, and opposing counsel, supervise litigation matters and revise motions and briefs, travel to meeting and agency and court proceedings, advance program of Cleantech Steering Committee. The Future: The cleantech practice will be booming. Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1994; Ph.D. in Jurisprudence and Social Policy 2004; BA in History 1990; Fellowship at U.S. Dep’t of State, Office of Marine Conservation Career Path: Focus on environmental law since graduating law school. Words of Wisdom: Read the newspaper everyday to stay on top of developments impacting cleantech. Practice Groups: Primary - Patents / IP and Cleantech; Secondary - Technology transfer; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 25% Representative Clients / Projects: Verenium Corp.; University of California A Day in the Life: Involved with all aspects of patenting cleantech IP. The Future: Cleantech practice will definitely be expanding, and broadening with new technology. Education: George Washington University - J.D. 1995; Johns Hopkins University - Ph.D. in molecular biology and immunology; Georgetown University - D.D.S; University of Delaware - B.A. in biology Career Path: There was demand for people who understand the science of cleantech and the law. Words of Wisdom: Read up on all the latest journals, write a blog on your thinking to date, get involved with environmental issues you believe in (politically, socially or business-wise). Practice Groups: Financial Transactions and Cleantech; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 20% Representative Clients / Projects: Financing of wind and solar projects and acquisitions. A Day in the Life: Draft contracts; Confer with clients and other attorneys on on-going transactions; Negotiate with opposing attorneys about contract provisions. The Future: I think cleantech will continue to grow and will require additional financing. Currently significant funding is being invested in research and in the next 5 years, there will be significant implementation and development needs which will require financing which are often structured as loans or secured financing.. Education: Santa Clara University - J.D. 2001, B.A. in History & Modern Languages 1995 Career Path: When I was graduating from law school, a friend and former boss recommended I work with a debt group at a firm. After working in this practice area for a few years, it became apparent that it complements the cleantech practice which often requires financing and debt arrangements to implement the new clean technologies. Words of Wisdom: I would recommend learning about the substantive elements of various cleantech areas that interest you rather than trying to learn about all of them and then determine which traditional areas of law intersect with those clean technologies. Nixon Peabody LLP www.nixonpeabody.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~5 of 85 attorneys); Silicon Valley, CA (~3 of 8 attorneys); Rochester, NY; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Boston, MA Description: Nixon Peabody has teams serving both cleantech and traditional energy industry sectors. The firm’s cleantech practice represents entrepreneurs, venture capital investors and private equity investors in project finance, corporate law, securities law, M&A, tax, and IP. Energy sector clients include utilities, independent power producers and developers, and the practice expertise encompasses project finance and large-scale transactions as well as litigation and arbitration. Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP www.orrick.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~13 of 190 attorneys); Menlo Park (Silicon Valley), CA (~20 of 126 attorneys); New York, NY; Washington, DC Description: Orrick is very serious about positioning itself as a leader in all aspects of the new energy economy. The Silicon Valley office has an extremely robust group focused on forming, financing and counseling emerging companies, many of which are cleantech companies. The SF office has a similar practice group, but on a smaller scale. San Francisco and other offices also maintain more traditional energy practices, representing investor-owned, municipal and cooperative utilities; IPPs and merchant generators; underwriters; investment bankers; lenders and other stakeholders. The transactional practice encompasses M&A, financial restructurings, project finance, new power plant development and financing, and asset divestitures and acquisitions. The San Francisco office has recently acquired four partners recognized as industry leaders in energy project finance. Representative Clients & Transactions: PG&E - in acquisition of combined cycle power plant; Green Power Investment Corp. - in establishing company which will be an investment vehicle for international wind projects; Nanosolar, AsokaUSA (power line networking), and Accelergy - in establishing the companies, securing funding from Benchmark Capital, Mohr Davidow Ventures, Advent, Mobius, nth Power, Technology Partners and others, and continuing guidance. Other cleantech clients include: NanoExa, ThinSilicon, ZT3 Technologies, ClearFuels Technology, Recurrent Energy, Sensicore, Skyline Solar, and SunEthanol. Practice Group: Emerging Company Group; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 30-40% Representative Clients / Projects: Formation and venture financing of clients such as Advent Solar (solar manufacturing), ThinSilicon (solar technology) and Nanoexa (battery technology). A Day in the Life: My practice revolves around working with technology companies, with a focus on energy technologies. I typically serve as general outside counsel for these clients and spend most of my day discussing the financing, business development or other issues they encounter with them and their investors. My day also typically includes negotiating one or more transactions in which my clients are engaged and reviewing and revising the relevant transactional documents. The Future: I see my practice group expanding with a continuing growth of our cleantech practice. Education: Georgetown - J.D. 1998; Rutgers - B.A. 1992 Career Path: I began my career at Orrick as a summer associate and have focused on working with technology companies since then. Prior to going to law school I held various positions in financial services industry, including working as a stockbroker and at a hedge fund. Naturally, that experience led me to become a lawyer. Words of Wisdom: My advice is the same as in any other field. First, find a practice that you are passionate about and fully immerse yourself in the field. Second, be careful to maintain balance in other aspects of your life so you don't get lost or burnt-out and are able to bring your fullest talents to bear. Perkins Coie www.perkinscoie.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Portland, OR; Seattle, WA; Bellevue, WA; Boise, ID Description: Perkins Coie has one of the strongest energy and climate change practices in the Pacific Northwest, representing large investor-owned utilities, independent power producers, power marketers and other energy companies generating geothermal, wind, coal, ethanol and biodiesel power. The practice has expertise in traditional and renewable project development, energy capital markets and trading, regulation (before FERC and state PUCs), permitting, and litigation. Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP www.pillsburylaw.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA; Los Angeles, CA; Houston, TX; New York, NY; Washington, DC; McLean, VA; London, UK Description: Pillsbury has one of the most respected nuclear energy practices in the US, as well as considerable strength in energy finance and project finance - especially for oil, gas and LNG companies, energy-related capital markets transactions, utility facility licensing, and litigation. Clients include Chevron, Qatar Petroleum, Golden Pass LNG, as well as various large utilities like FPL Energy. The firm’s practices in renewable energy and regulatory matters are growing rapidly. The climate group works to develop projects (in wind, solar, landfill methane, nuclear and ethanol), assists in LEED certification, helps corporate clients secure marketable credits, and lobbies on their behalf at the state, national and international levels. Reed Smith LLP www.reedsmith.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~7 of 85 attorneys); Pittsburgh, PA; Philadelphia, PA; London, UK; Hong Kong Description: Reed Smith has a strong energy transactional group, with particular expertise in project development, project finance and energy commodities trading. Clients include oil and gas companies, natural resource developers, pipeline companies, independent power producers, fuel suppliers, and power purchasers. The firm also litigates on behalf of energy clients in state and federal courts, in arbitrations and mediations, and before regulatory agencies. Schiff Hardin LLP www.schiffhardin.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Chicago, IL; Boston, MA Description: Schiff Hardin’s energy practice has been ranked highly, both for its regulatory work before state commissions and federal agencies, and litigation in state and federal courts. The firm’s energy clients include electric utilities, municipal and cooperative electric suppliers, energy marketers, pipeline companies for natural gas and petroleum, and natural gas distribution companies. Sidley Austin LLP www.sidley.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Chicago, IL; New York, NY; Los Angeles, CA; Washington, D.C; Hong Kong Description: The firm has a strong project finance practice - for both traditional and alternative power production. Client’s include all types of project participants: developers, equity investors, construction contractors, service providers, senior lenders, subordinated lenders and multilateral credit agencies. Sidley’s energy regulatory practice focuses on issues involving the transmission of natural gas, crude oil and petroleum products. Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP www.skadden.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC; Houston, TX; New York, NY; London, UK; Hong Kong Description: Skadden’s energy practice includes regulatory, litigation, finance and transactional expertise. Clients include large energy companies and utilities such as National Grid, Great Plains Energy, EDP (a Portuguese utility), and Cheniere Energy (an LNG terminal facility and gas marketer) as well as project sponsors, lenders and equity investors. The NYC office has particular strength in project finance and development, M&A and other large-scale transactions. The DC office has an especially powerful FERC regulatory practice, and includes in its energy team a former General Counsel and a former Commissioner of FERC. Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP www.sonnenschein.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~4 of 70 attorneys); Chicago, IL; New York, NY; St. Louis, MO; Washington DC Description: Both Sonnenschein’s energy and domestic climate change practices are very strong. The firm represents energy companies and public entities in state and federal regulatory matters, conventional and renewable energy project financing, negotiations for power supply agreements, M&A, and environmental and emissions compliance. Clients include owners and operators of wind, solar, ocean wave technology, hydropower, geothermal, biomass, ethanol, and biodiesel energy sources, as well as municipalities and financial institutions. Practice Groups: Primary - Environmental, Secondary - Real Estate; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 75 - 85& Representative Clients / Projects: My primary focus is on National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) work. I have worked on a wide variety of projects (energy facilities, water infrastructure, freeway interchanges, etc), and these days, they all require comprehensive NEPA and/or CEQA analyses of potential air quality and climate change impacts. I have also started working with a variety of clients (including large corporations, non-profits, and Indian tribes) on projects and transactions involving carbon credits. Finally, I am doing some NEPA and Endangered Species Act litigation on behalf of hydropower interests in the Southeastern US, that is part of a three-state water war in the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint river basin. A Day in the Life: The thing I like best about my job is that there is no typical day each project—and each project team--is truly unique. That said, on most days, I work very closely with environmental consultants and with lawyers from other disciplines (often real estate lawyers, litigators, or regulatory specialists). Most of this is done from my desk, but I also get lots of opportunities to go out, walk around, and take a look at project sites. Most of the projects are pretty controversial, and quite a few end up in litigation. In litigation-heavy periods, most of my work involves reading, researching, and writing. NEPA and CEQA litigation essentially involves a fixed administrative record, there is not too much in the way of discovery and pre-trial motions. Usually, these cases are resolved on crossmotions for summary judgment it’s much more like appellate litigation than traditional civil trial work. The Future: When I was in school, environmental law usually meant contaminated sites/brownfields work or reviewing the environmental aspects of large corporate transactions. I think that is changing. Today, law firms are more open to the idea that environmental law includes a wider variety of things. Education: Boalt Hall - J.D. 2003; UC Berkeley Dept. of City & Regional Planning - M.C.P. 2003; Dept. of Political Science - M.A. 1999; Northwestern - Political Science and Urban Studies 1998 Career Path: I’ve always been interested in land- and resource-use issues. In college, the professors who taught those classes were in the political science department. Naturally, I assumed that political science was the discipline for me, and I enrolled in the PhD program at Berkeley. Almost immediately, I realized that life in academe was not for me (at least not at that point). So, after completing the first part of the PhD program, I moved to the Department of City and Regional Planning and to Boalt. My interests (land use, environment, natural resources, energy) remained the same, but I ended up as a lawyer rather than an academic. So far, things have worked out really well. Words of Wisdom: Stay interested and stay involved. The field is changing so fast that you should have an incredible opportunity to get involved in cutting edge work as soon as you start practicing. Steptoe & Johnson LLP www.steptoe.com Office with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC (~25 of 330 attorneys) Description: Steptoe’s powerful energy team is based almost entirely in Washington, DC It represents utilities, merchant generators, developers and private equity clients in regulatory matters before FERC and state commissions, litigation, a wide range of transactions, and environmental compliance matters. The firm is especially well known for representing clients in issues involving transmission infrastructure projects and oil pipelines. Stoel Rives LLP www.stoel.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Sacramento, CA (~5 of 20 attorneys); Portland, OR; Seattle, WA; Salt Lake City, UT; Minneapolis, MN Description: Stoel Rives serves the traditional energy industry, and additionally has dedicated cleantech and climate change practices. Their work includes project finance and development, M&A, power marketing, energy regulation at the federal and state levels, transmission, siting / licensing / permitting for renewable and traditional energy generation facilities, real estate, fuel supply, cleantech IP, emerging company financing, emissions permitting and environmental litigation. Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP www.thelenreid.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~17 of 135 attorneys); New York, NY; Washington, DC Description: Thelen is especially known for its work in the utilities sector, but also has extensive experience in FERC and state agency regulatory matters, capital markets, M&A, tax, employment; project development and finance. The firm represents IPPs; companies involved with wind, solar, biomass and geothermal projects; oil and gas companies; and energy trading companies. Recently, however, the firm has lost many of its top project finance lawyers. Vinson & Elkins LLP www.vinson-elkins.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Houston, TX; Austin, TX; Dallas, TX; Washington, DC; New York, NY; London, UK Description: Vinson & Elkins has long been one of the world’s leaders in traditional energy practice, with industry experience in oil and gas field services, exploration and production; LNG; pipelines; refining and petrochemicals; wind; and biodiesel. The firm does substantial work in carbon finance and climate change compliance, energy capital markets, project finance and development, arbitration among energy companies, M&A, and tax. White & Case LLP www.whitecase.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: New York, NY (~30 of 390 attorneys); Washington, DC; Abu Dhabi, UAE; Dusseldorf, Germany; London, UK; Moscow, Russia; Paris, France; Prague, Czech Republic; Singapore; Tokyo, Japan Description: White & Case has one of the leading international project finance practices, and the firm is known especially for its sponsor-side work. They have additional expertise in M&A and other large transactions in the oil and gas, power generation, and energy infrastructure sectors. Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati www.wsgr.com Other offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~15 of 50 attorneys); Palo Alto (Silicon Valley), CA (~15 of 400 attorneys); Austin, TX; Seattle, WA Description: Wilson has one of the strongest cleantech and renewable energy practices in the Bay Area. They represent entrepreneurs and other companies who are developing renewable energy technologies in the wind, solar, ocean, biomass, biofuel and geothermal sectors; fuel cell, battery and other energy-storage technologies; distributed power generation systems; software, sensors and controls; and grid management / interface enhancements. The practice includes transactional expertise in carbon counseling, IP counseling, patents, VC finance, project finance, M&A and real estate. Wilson also sponsors and provides legal counsel to the California Clean Tech Open. Representative Clients and Transactions: Evergreen Solar's joint venture with Germany-based QCells AG, Catalytica's acquisition of SCR-Tech, Silicon Energy's sale to Itron, and Capstone Turbine's strategic alliance with United Technologies Corporation. Winston & Strawn LLP www.winston.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~4 of 75 attorneys); Los Angeles, CA; Chicago, IL; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Paris, France Description: Winston has notably strong practices in renewable energy (mostly in California), nuclear and hydroelectric generation (in the east coast offices), and FERC regulation (in DC). In the renewable sector, the firm often represents trade associations which means that the attorneys are often deeply involved in policy formation and analysis, as well as state and federal regulatory processes. Winston also does a great deal of renewable and cogeneration project development, which involves extensive permitting, siting and compliance issues, and is working to grow its project finance practice. The energy practice groups relies frequently on the firm’s tax, real estate and employment expertise. Alcantar & Kahl LLP www.a-klaw.com Office locations: San Francisco, CA (~6 of 6 attorneys); Portland, OR Description: Alcantar & Kahl works solely in the energy sector. For over two decades, the firm has represented businesses throughout the Western US before FERC and state regulatory commissions (including the CEC, the CPUC, the PUC of Nevada, the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, and the Mississippi Public Service Commission), as well as in negotiations and litigation to protect and advance the clients’ energy concerns. It has industry expertise in cogeneration, interconnection and grid access, and natural gas product, use and delivery. Attorneys at Alcantar & Kahal also frequently engage in stakeholder discussions, policy hearings and debates before legislatures, state commissions, and ISO boards. Ater Wynne LLP www.aterwynne.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Portland, OR; Seattle, WA Description: Ater Wynne specializes in regulatory compliance (federal and states in the Pacific northwest), project development, ADR and litigation. It typically represents investor-owned utilities, energy cooperatives, people’s utility districts, industrial energy users and alternative energy developers such as: Columbia River People’s Utility District, Golden Valley Electric Ass’n, Idaho Power Co., Railbelt Utilities Group, Renewable Power & Light, Inc., and Prometheus Energy Co. Beveridge & Diamond PC www.bdlaw.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~2 of 10 attorneys); Boston, MA; New York, NY; Washington, DC Description: Beveridge & Diamond exclusively practices in environmental law, land use, and related litigation. In its climate change practice, the firm advises and represents major industry associations and corporations in the energy, transportation, and consumer-product sectors on GHG emissions inventories, control measures, and credit and trading issues, and participates in rulemaking proceedings under AB 32 and RGGI. The renewable energy practice includes siting, state and federal permitting, contracting, and operational compliance for projects such as solar cell production, waste-to-energy facilities, cogeneration units, biofuels, biosolids and carbon sequestration. Day Carter Murphy www.daycartermurphy.com Office location: Sacramento, CA (~7 of 8 attorneys) Description: Day Carter Murphy’s practice concentrates on natural resource issues, and serves a range of public power providers and source companies providing gas, geothermal, wind, solar, biomass, oil and hydroelectric power. It represents clients before the CPUC on all regulatory and development matters, helps with power plant and transmission line siting, negotiates power wheeling and power purchase agreements, and manages project financings. Downey Brand www.downeybrand.com Office location: Sacramento, CA (~3 of 15 attorneys) Description: Downey regularly represents clients before the CPUC in regulatory proceedings, and before the CEC for project permitting and licensing, and the firm has additional experience with transmission, land use and compliance issues. Clients include large gas power stations, small distributed generation facilities, and geothermal, wind, solar, biomass and hydroelectric assets. Duncan Weinberg, Genzer & Pembroke, P.C. www.dwgp.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Jose, CA (~2 of 2 attorneys); Washington, DC (~15 of 20 attorneys) Description: DWGP provides project development support to energy service companies (ESCOs), advises municipal and rural utilities on all areas of energy law, represents companies and utilities in regulatory proceedings - with special expertise in matters involving natural gas, helps acquire hydroelectric and other power generation facilities, consults and litigates in licensing proceedings, and litigates in utility merger proceedings. Ellison, Schneider & Harris www.eslawfirm.com Office location: Sacramento, CA (~7 of 13 attorneys) Description: The firm’s energy practice is focused on wholesale and retail issues impacting electricity and gas producers, suppliers and consumers. It counsels public agencies, industrial consumers, independent power producers, municipal utilities, irrigation districts and energy trade organizations concerning all regulatory matters and represents them in proceedings before the FERC, the CPUC, the CEC, the California Coastal Commission, and other state agencies and courts. Goodin, MacBride, Squeri, Day & Lamprey, LLP http://gmssr.com Office location: San Francisco, CA (~6 of 13 attorneys) Description: Goodin MacBride represents a full range of clients with matters before the CPUC, the CEC, the CARB and the Legislature. The firm provides advice on a broad array of energy matters including climate change and greenhouse gas regulation; renewables incentive programs such as the California Solar Initiative and the Renewable Portfolio Standard; seeking necessary approvals for proposed projects; and general regulatory compliance. Position: Associate; Practice Group: Regulatory; % of billable hours doing ECC work: 100% A Day in the Life: I’m fortunate to work at a firm that is among the best at what we do but still places a high value on a collegial environment and maintaining a work-life balance. I typically work 9am - 5pm although days can be longer when there is a need. Being at a smaller firm has also allowed me to take a lead role on many matters. On a typical day, I’m drafting comments/briefs/motions for submission at the CPUC or CEC in a variety of matters, drafting model legislation, advising clients on regulatory strategy, and/or representing clients at various procedural meetings. Among the firm’s energy related clients I have had an opportunity to work with most closely are the Solar Alliance, CURRENT Communications Group, North America Power Partners, Babcock & Brown, and PacifiCorp. The Future: Advising clients on climate change related matters is becoming an ever increasing part of our practice and I expect this aspect of the practice – both regulatory advising and compliance advising – to only continue to grow as California continues to establish the regulatory and market-based structures needed to implement AB 32. Education: Boalt Hall - J.D. 2004, Illinois State - M.S. in Applied Econ. 2000, U. of Illinois - B.A 1997 Career Path: I started law school a bit ahead of the curve as I had earned a Master’s in Regulatory Economics prior to starting law school. That background and some work in the telecommunications industry was invaluable in hitting the ground running when I started practicing regulatory law. Words of Wisdom: Regulatory practice groups are usually highly specialized and you’ll need to show that you have more than a general interest in the practice. To demonstrate that interest, summering with a regulatory agency, an NGO, and/or a firm with a solid practice in your area of interest is essential. Moreover, a regulatory practice is, in general, highly interdisciplinary. A strong grasp of economics can come in very handy on an almost daily basis. Even if you intend to practice in the corporate aspects of energy law, having a strong grasp of the regulatory side can be invaluable for your clients. Van Ness Feldman www.vnf.com Offices with substantial ECC practice: Washington, DC (~65 of 70 attorneys); Seattle, WA Description: VNF focuses exclusively on energy, infrastructure and environmental law and policy, representing clients such as investor owned utilities, owners of large public power generation and transmission facilities, alternative fuel companies, renewable project developers and municipalities. Its expertise includes regulatory and policy counseling, permitting, project development, environmental compliance, litigation, climate change and emissions trading matters and energy efficiency. OTHER LEGAL EMPLOYERS California Department of Justice, Office of the Attorney General http://ag.ca.gov Offices with substantial ECC practice: Sacramento, CA; San Francisco, CA; Oakland, CA; Los Angeles, CA; San Diego, CA Description: The Natural Resources Division, the Environment Division and an Energy Task Force all fall within the Public Rights Section of the AG’s Office, where lawyers are doing a great deal of work related to climate change. For example, they help evaluate and implement state policy on GHG regulation, defend California’s climate- and energy-related actions, and ensure that California meets the goals set by AB32. Their cases bring them into contact with the federal government, other state agencies and the legislature, local entities, and various corporations. With California at the forefront of climate change, renewable energy, and energy policy in general, lawyers at the AG’s Office have the opportunity to develop a diverse and robust energy practice. About 15-20 lawyers in the various locations of the AG’s Office working in these fields. Representative Projects: Defending California’s greenhouse gas emission regulations in lawsuits filed by the auto industry; challenging U.S. EPA’s denial of a preemption waiver for the greenhouse gas emission regulations; petitioning U.S. EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the federal Clean Air Act. A Day in the Life: Typical work is the typical work of litigation including everything from drafting pleadings to meeting clients to making court appearances for oral argument or trial. The Future: I think that legal work regarding climate change is a growing area in general. For our office in particular, there will be a lot of work in the next five years as the California Air Resources Board adopts regulations under AB 32. Education: Georgetown University Law Center - J.D. 1987; Yale University - B.A. 1982 Career Path: Right out of law school I worked at a large private law firm in San Francisco for about two years. I left the law firm to work at the U.S. EPA Regional Office in San Francisco and I worked there for about ten years. I left the U.S. EPA for my current position at the Attorney General’s Office. Working in the area of climate change evolved from having previously worked under the Clean Air Act and representing the California Air Resources Board as a client agency. Words of Wisdom: You should pursue work that engages your interest and gives you some personal edification. A law job will involve a lot of hours, a certain amount of drudgery and sacrifice of personal life, so you need to really like and believe in what you are working on to make it worthwhile. California Energy Commission (CEC) www.energy.ca.gov Office location: Sacramento, CA (~19 of 19 attorneys) Description: The CEC is California’s primary energy policy and planning agency; and will play a key role in meeting emissions reduction goals. The Chief Counsel’s office has 7 primary responsibilities: (1) CEC Policy and Rulemaking Proceedings: The attorneys assist Commissioners and staff in the preparation of several legislatively-mandated policy reports, and participate in hearings and workshops. Attorneys draft regulations for energy efficiency standards and other subjects, ensure the adequacy of the supporting public record, and, post-adoption, help in enforcement. (2) Powerplant Licensing Cases: Attorneys conduct discovery, cross-examine expert witnesses, help prepare staff witnesses' testimony, and file motions and briefs. A separate section provides legal advice to the decision makers. The office helps ensure compliance with certification conditions. (3) Proceedings at Other Agencies: The Office represents the CEC at other agencies, such as the CPUC and the FERC, in proceedings on electricity and natural gas utility rates and conservation programs, energy policy, resource acquisition, energy security, and other related matters. (4) Legislation. The Office reviews all federal and state legislation affecting state energy policy. Attorneys draft legislation, analyze bills, and write and present testimony to legislative committees. (5) Litigation: The Office represents the CEC in state and federal courts, both in defense of CEC decisions, and in matters such as suits against the Dept. of Energy on appliance standards. (6) Contracts, Grants, and Loans for Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Energy Research Programs: Attorneys help draft, negotiate and implement the necessary supporting documents . (7) General Legal Advice & Review: The CEC faces the myriad in-house issues encountered by any government agency, and the office advises Commissioners and staff on matters such as state budget and administrative rules, and sensitive personnel and conflict of interest issues. Life In The Office: Attorneys enjoy a great deal of independence and responsibility; even new attorneys often work with minimal supervision on controversial and complex cases. Some attorneys focus on a specialized area, while others have more wide-ranging assignments; the Office strives to meet personal preferences while ensuring the best possible client service. The Office prides itself on the high quality of the legal counsel that it provides and its efforts to help employees achieve work-life balance. For example, while evening and weekend work is not uncommon, many attorneys use reduced or flexible work-time schedules, or telecommute one or more days each week. Hiring: The Office accepts students for summer or semester intern/externships, and for permanent positions subject to current need. Email Jonathan Blees (jblees@energy.state.ca.us) for info. The Future: As energy and climate change issues become more prominent and complex, the work of the Commission will expand, become even more interesting and important, and require even more high-quality legal assistance. Education: Boalt Hall - J.D. 1976 Career Path: I worked at the Commission as a summer intern between my second and third years at Boalt. I must have done something right, because when I graduated they asked me back. Words of Wisdom: Become an excellent lawyer, and have passion for the work. Although taking “relevant” courses (e.g., air quality law, admin) is helpful, your interest and your skills are paramount. The Future: Energy is among the most rapidly expanding and demanding fields in the world today; I can only see the need for talented energy attorneys expanding. There has never been a more interesting, more challenging, or more exciting time to be working in this field. Education: University of Oregon - J.D. 1982; UC Santa Barbara - B.A. 1976 Career Path: I have worked at a few private firms in general civil practice and business litigation, as inhouse counsel to a large corporate organization, and as a self-employed civil litigation attorney. I then spent 16 years at the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitations before a legal colleague accepted a position at the California Energy Commission Office of the Chief Counsel and lobbied me to do the same. My interview with CEC’s Chief Counsel and two Assistant Chief Counsels was among the most pleasant and interesting in my lengthy career. I readily accepted the position when it was offered to me, and I regard that the best career move I have made. Words of Wisdom: Specific advice: In addition to undertaking an appropriately-tailored academic curriculum, do whatever you can to gain real world experience working for agencies, law firms or other organizations that practice in the field of energy, even if it means volunteering your time in order to bolster your resume. Don’t overlook international opportunities; energy is a world-wide concern, in addition to local. Energy is a particularly exciting, dynamic and fascinating field to get into at this time, and it needs creative fresh thinking to solve the problems and challenges we face. I am constantly humbled by the talent, intelligence and positivism of the subject matter experts, attorneys and other professionals I get to work with on a daily basis. I consider myself extremely fortunate to have this work, and I encourage law students to get involved and explore the many emerging opportunities. General career advice: If at first you don’t land the ideal position, remember your career path with be a long one and may include many unexpected turns. Assume your current work may turn out to be a stepping stone to something different or better, and always do your best. Be conscious of developing the right balance (for you) between maintaining a rigid, single-minded determination about your career path, versus remaining flexible in exploring random career opportunities that may come your way-- although I didn’t get into the energy field until late in my career, all the varied experience I gained in the preceding years has greatly benefited my current work. Studiously avoid burning your bridges: leave your former employers, associates and clients happy to have known you. Always treat your opponents with professionalism, kindness and courtesy (not wimpiness!); one of the best recommendations I ever received was from an opposing counsel with whom I had been locked in bitter litigation for over a year. No matter how demanding or interesting your career, strive to maintain a healthy balance with other aspects of your life (social, cultural, family, friends, etc.) California Environmental Protection Agency Cal/EPA: http://www.calepa.ca.gov; CARB: http://arb.ca.gov Office Location: Sacramento, CA Description: Cal/EPA is the umbrella agency which includes the Secretary for Environmental Protection and his/her office, as well as several boards and departments including the California Air Resources Board (CARB) and the State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). The agency is responsible for implementing state policies to restore, protect and enhance the environment, and ensure public health, environmental quality and economic vitality. Carrying out California’s climate change legislation AB32 is currently one of Cal/EPA’s - particularly CARB’s - biggest tasks. California Independent System Operator Corp. www.caiso.com Office location: Folsom, CA (15 miles east of Sacramento) Number of lawyers in the office: 12 {3 with corporate general counsel duties: contract review, HR, etc.; 3 representing Cal ISO at state level; 6 representing Cal ISO at FERC proceedings} Description: Cal ISO is a non-profit mutual benefit corporation established in 1998 pursuant to a California statute pertaining to electricity restructuring. The Legal and Regulatory Dept. consists of 12 attorneys and approximately 5 support staff. All attorneys do varying degrees of work related to the CAISO Tariff which relates to use of the wholesale transmission lines on the CAISO-controlled grid and participating as purchasers/sellers in CAISO wholesale energy markets. Hiring: The Cal ISO legal dept. hires summer interns - see postings on the website and inquire to the HR Department. Permanent hiring is done as needed; there is no routine or annual expansion. Practice Group: State level representation Representative Clients / Projects: I represent Cal ISO in proceedings at the CPUC related to GHG and in connection with the Cal ISO’s participation in AB 32 processes with respect to the electricity sector. I also work in Demand Response, which includes a component for integration of investor owned utility demand response programs into Cal ISO’s wholesale markets. As electricity demand increases in a certain area at a certain time, instead of starting up another generator unit, the Cal ISO would “dispatch” (i.e. call) on a block of consumers to curtail the level of their electricity usage. A Day in the Life: (1) Preparing comments, written witness testimony, or other items for filing in administrative proceedings, such as rulemakings which recommend policies for retail electricity providers (utilities) or customers regarding such areas as GHG regulations under AB 32. (2) Meeting with other Cal ISO dept. representatives working on company-wide initiatives, such as modifying Cal ISO’s tariff to include new procedures and processes to allow demand response resources to bid into our dayahead and real time markets to supply “negawatts.” (3) Reviewing rulings and orders issued by agencies such the CPUC. (4) Attending workshops in regulatory proceedings to obtain information from the regulator or participate in stakeholder discussion and feedback to the regulator for various proposals. (5) Providing day-to-day advice in response to inquiries from various dept. representatives—Cal ISO counsel act as legal advisors to various departments which are our internal “clients.” The Future: Wholesale energy markets will likely expand greatly when the Cal ISO completes its market redesign. Demand Response is receiving increasing interest by federal and state agencies, and by utilities and others as a generation-substitute resource. Increased focus on implementing renewable resource deployment and developing/refining legal/operational/technological/policy areas as renewable resources are integrated into existing energy infrastructure and energy markets. Education: UC Davis - J.D. 1986; A.B. Political Science - 1983 Career Path: Private practice in litigation and transactional real estate work; then with a firm’s Energy Practice Group - representing developer-applicants for power plant siting applications; then moved to a CA energy agency doing public power financing and interaction with CPUC; then moved to Cal ISO. Words of Wisdom: There are many workshop venues and other public processes where environmental, energy, and cleantech policy issues are being discussed. Proceedings at the CPUC, CEC, and ARB offer great opportunity to learn about the evolving policies and many have public interest group party involvement—entities such as NRDC, Union of Concerned Scientists, and The Utility Reform Network (TURN). These organizations may provide an opportunity for student participation. California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) www.cpuc.ca.gov Office location: San Francisco, CA Description: The CPUC is an administrative agency that regulates large investor owned utilities Pacific Gas & Electric, Southern California Edison, San Diego Gas & Electric, Southern California Gas and many other energy service providers, as well as water, telecommunication and some transportation companies. The Commission also carry out proceedings related to climate change/ greenhouse gas reduction, renewable energy, energy efficiency, and many other energy areas. Its legislation workload is rapidly expanding as the number of statutes related to energy increases. Between 20 and 30 lawyers work full-time for the CPUC, either in the Legal Division, as Administrative Law Judges, as one of the five Commissioners, or in a Commissioner’s office. Hiring: The CPUC hires paid law student summer interns in the ALJ Division, the Legal Division, and in individual Commissioners’ offices. The Legal Division hires law students for permanent positions following graduation, but the ALJ Division and the Commissioners’ offices hire only more experienced lawyers. Students graduating from law school and awaiting bar results can immediately apply and subsequently get on a civil service list for entry level attorney positions. However, the current practice of the Legal Division is to offer jobs to attorneys after passing the bar exam. Caseload: My caseload used to consist in equal parts of energy and telecommunications work. With telephone deregulation, and increased prominence of energy/clean energy in California economy, most of my work is now in the energy sector, with some focus on water as well. A Day in the Life: Much of my day involves reviewing parties' input and writing decisions in large cases. I also hold evidentiary hearings, which can last several days or weeks; conduct mediations; hold prehearing/status conferences; meet with teams of experts within the agency to plan out what my decisions will say; and consult with the political appointee Commissioners that vote on my decisions. Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1986, A.B. Political Science 1981 Career Path: Worked at a big San Francisco law firm (5 years), then in-house at a large San Francisco corporation (6 years), then at a legal nonprofit (2 years), and then came to the Commission (9 years). Words of Wisdom: Don't assume your first job is forever. I happened upon energy work fortuitously; I had worked at a large telecommunications company, and came to the CPUC to do telecom work. When I got here, California entered an energy crisis (2000-01), and they needed ALJs to focus on energy work. As telecom was deregulated and the work diminished, energy issues began to take center stage, so I made the transition and love it. By the same token, this is the time to get into energy work; the issues have never been more prominent. Just be flexible. Representative Projects: Energy efficiency and renewable energy procurement requirements for CA energy utilities; GHG emissions performance standards for electric utilities’ baseload procurement contracts; Recommendations to California Air Resources Board for Cap & Trade for electricity delivered for consumption in California under AB 32; Participation in the Western Climate Initiative. A Day in the Life: I supervise 10 attorneys, who specialize in litigation in energy matters and represent the following: 1) the Division of Ratepayer Advocates, which supports protecting the environment, but tries to limit the utilities’ unreasonable costs and profits in CPUC proceedings; 2) the Consumer Protection and Safety Division, which investigates safety, reliability and unreasonable practices of the utilities and enforces violations of CPUC orders in CPUC proceedings or state superior courts; 3) the CPUC and California ratepayers in Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) proceedings involving electric or natural gas matters; and 4) the CPUC and California ratepayers in federal courts, including appellate review of FERC orders. Future: Due to the need to regulate California public utilities, which are monopolies, the CPUC is a secure place to work. This is particularly true, because the CPUC is special funded from a charge on utility bills, and, therefore, deficits in the State’s general fund do not threaten the CPUC’s budget. The major growth in positions at the CPUC (i.e., attorney and non-attorney positions) has been to address environmental problems, such as working to decrease greenhouse gas emissions. Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1979; Western Illinois University - B.A. 1976 Career Path: After graduating from Boalt Hall, I spent my first two years at a small public interest law firm, which did, among other things, environmental law (but it no longer exists). In October, 1981, I was hired as an attorney at the CPUC, where I have worked ever since. Words of Wisdom: I highly recommend that they consider applying to the CPUC. The legal work at the CPUC is cutting edge, so it never gets boring, which is why that I have stayed here for 27 years. In addition, due to the extensive workload at the CPUC, new attorneys get tremendous experience and responsibilities compared to work during the initial years in large law firms. During my first year at the CPUC, three years after graduating from law school, I was writing briefs and doing oral argument before federal courts on constitutional and federal preemption issues. My second year at the CPUC, I was representing the CPUC in the U.S. Court of Appeals. State government work does not pay well compared to what law firms or corporations pay attorneys. However, there is much more job satisfaction working for the public interest, and other benefits, such as a decent pension and health insurance. If the students have large student loans, then either they should try to get some relief from Boalt Hall’s program encouraging students to pursue public interest jobs, or they should look into the College Cost Reduction and Access Act (CCRAA), which will be implemented in 2009. See the following link to learn more about the CCRAA: http://www.equaljusticeworks.org/resource/ccraa. California Resources Agency http://www.resources.ca.gov Office Location: Sacramento, CA Description: The Agency is responsible for delivering resources to the state, and focuses more on adaptation to change and anticipation of future conditions, rather than mitigation, which makes it seem less bureaucratic than other state agencies. Among its six divisions is Energy & Climate Change, which participates in the state’s Climate Action Team and the California Solar Initiative. Lawyers on the Climate Team consider issues such as land use, water law and urban development to help write policy, adopt measures through the administrative process, and implement guidelines. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) www.ferc.gov Office location: Washington, DC Description: FERC is an independent agency that regulates the interstate transmission of natural gas, oil, and electricity; natural gas; and hydropower projects. Its top priorities are to promote the development of a strong energy infrastructure, support competitive energy markets, and prevent market manipulation. Attorneys work in the Offices of Administrative Litigation, the General Counsel, Enforcement, Administrative Law Judges; in each of the Commissioner’s offices; and in the various substantive division of FERC. Staff attorneys draft briefs and motions, and litigate cases before the ALJs. They also research and prepare cases under investigation for the Commission, draft orders and rulemakings, and provide general legal support for the entire organization. Hiring: The Commission hires law students (2Ls preferred but 1Ls are considered) for paid and unpaid summer internships. ALJs at FERC also hire judicial clerks who often serve during the year following law school graduation. Visit the website’s “Careers” tab for more information. Legislative Counsel of California http://www.legislativecounsel.ca.gov Office Location: Sacramento, CA Description: The Office of Legislative Counsel offers nonpartisan legal services to California legislators, including drafting and analysis of legislation, preparation of legal opinions on the interpretation and constitutionality of existing law or of proposed legislation, attendance at legislative committee hearings, and consultation with legislators and staff. The lawyers who work on the Energy & Resources Counsel in the office are likely to stay especially busy in coming years as California expands its energy and climate legislative structure. Hiring: The Office hires legal interns each summer. Permanent position job turn-over is minimal; any avialble positions are listed on www.spb.ca.gov. National Resources Defense Council (NRDC) www.nrdc.org Offices with substantial ECC practice: San Francisco, CA (~3 of 10 attorneys); Los Angeles, CA; Chicago, IL; New York, NY; Washington, DC; Beijing, China Description: Among NRDC’s programs are Air & Energy, Nuclear, and Climate. Staff attorneys work on energy and climate change policy at the national, state and local levels, and work with key stakeholders including environmental, environmental justice, business, and consumer and lowincome advocate stakeholders. Attorneys also represent NRDC in regulatory and legislative processes, and litigate on behalf of the organization. Hiring: NRDC hires law students for unpaid summer internships. Interns write briefs, draft complaints, prepare legal analyses, obtain affidavits, investigate corporate and government malfeasance, and draft white papers and comments for submission to Congressional committees and administrative agencies. Although NRDC does not often hire recent law graduates for permanent positions, you can view the qualifications for what jobs are available at http://www.nrdc.org/jobs/. The Regulatory Assistance Project (RAP) www.raponline.org Primary office locations: Montpelier, VT (~6 of 7 attorneys); Hallowell, ME (~3 of 3 attorneys) Description: RAP is a non-profit organization that provides research, analysis, and educational assistance to public officials on electric utility regulation. The group leads workshops covering topics such as electric utility restructuring, power sector reform, renewable resource development, the development of efficient markets, performance-based regulation, demand-side management, and green pricing. RAP also provides regulators throughout the US and world with technical assistance, training, and policy research and development, and issues letters, reports, and conference presentations on current regulatory issues. The Utilities Reform Network (TURN) www.turn.org Office location: San Francisco, CA (~6 of 8 attorneys) Description: TURN is California’ s “utility watchdog” and advocates for consumer rights, affordable rates and a more livable California. It challenges large energy and telephone companies throughout the state in order to save money for consumers and small businesses; demands reliable service and environmentally sound policies; provides consumer assistance; and mobilizes people statewide to take action for change. United States Department of Energy (DOE) Main: www.energy.gov; General Counsel’s Office: www.gc.energy.gov Office location: Washington, DC Description: The DOE’s four principle programs are designed to increase production of domestic energy and renewable/alternative energy; enhance national security; safely dispose of radioactive wastes; and sponsor science & technology research to help find, produce or deliver energy. The Office of the General Counsel provides legal advice and counsel to the Secretary of Energy, Deputy Secretary, and all Departmental elements (except the National Nuclear Security Administration and the FERC), and for representing the DOE before Federal, State, and other governmental agencies and courts. Lawyers work for one of the four Deputy General Counsel (respectively in charge of Litigation, Energy Policy, Environment & Nuclear Programs, and Technology Transfer & Procurement), in the Office of Dispute Resolution or in the Office of NEPA Policy and Compliance. Hiring: The DOE accepts law students for summer and semester internships; see the General Counsel’s website or email gcintern@hq.doe.gov for more information. The DOE also hires both new and experienced lawyers for permanent positions; jobs are listed on www.usajobs.gov. United States Department of Justice Main: www.usdoj.gov; Environment & Natural Resources Division: www.usdoj.gov/enrd/ Office location: Washington, DC; San Francisco, CA; Sacramento, CA; Anchorage, AK; Boston, MA; Seattle, WA Description: The DOJ’s Environment & Natural Resources Division advises the Attorney General, and litigates to enforce federal environmental or resources-related laws. Hiring: The Division hires paid interns for 2L summer, or before the start of a judicial clerkship. United States Environmental Protection Agency www.epa.gov Office location: Washington, DC; San Francisco, CA; Boston, MA; Seattle, WA; New York; NY; Philadelphia, PA; Atlanta, GA; Chicago, IL; Dallas, TX; Kansas City, KS; Denver, CO Description: Environmental and energy issues are becoming increasingly intertwined. Lawyers for the EPA enforce federal environmental statues, give general administrative counseling, work with government grants and contracts in the environmental area, and contact with other governmental agencies in the same region as the local EPA office. Hiring: Most regional offices hire law student summer interns, and some hire recent graduates through the Honors Fellowship program. Permanent positions are listed on www.usajobs.gov. Position: Clean Energy Consultant for Exergy Consulting, Corte Madera, CA Representative Clients / Projects: Quay Valley (large planned sustainable community), Pacific Gas and Electric Company (low-income energy efficiency, sustainable design) A Day in the Life: Facilitate design charrettes for clean energy projects; help create clean energy plans; brainstorm possibilities for energy programs and help prepare regulatory filings; pull together the many professionals needed for a comprehensive sustainable design; represent clients before the California Public Utilities Commission and California Energy Commission; provide input to businesses trying to refine their own clean energy programs; meet with government officials regarding policy, legislation, and funding. The Future: More of the same (I love what I do), adding collaboration with other practitioners in the field, possibly merging with or joining another firm. Education: UC Berkeley - J.D. 1987; UC Santa Cruz - BA in Environmental Studies & History 1981 Career Path: Environmental studies major, 4 years as a paralegal (workers comp & criminal law), law school with a specialization in environmental law and Editor-in-Chief of ELQ, Law Clerk, US Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit (Hon. Harry Pregersen), 5 years Environmental Attorney – McCutchen Doyle, Brown & Enersen (focus on air quality and hazardous waste), In-House air quality attorney at PG&E, promoted into the business to run projects related to my law practice, promoted to Chief Counsel for one of the business units, promoted to Vice President Customer Service (also in charge of all retail clean energy projects, such as energy efficiency, solar, and demand response), left PG&E to form Exergy Consulting, which specializes in sustainable development and retail clean energy projects. Words of Wisdom: Stay open to unexpected possibilities. I never dreamed I would go into power generation from air quality law, but it turned out to be great preparation for my solar energy and demand response work because I really understood power generation, transmission and distribution. I also never imagined I could be happy working for a utility (I wanted to do public interest work for the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)), but by working at PG&E I ended up running the energy efficiency programs that NRDC designed! Don’t label things as black and white – I probably did more good for the environment running multimillion dollar clean energy programs from within a corporation than I might have in a public interest organization given my personality (I prefer collaboration to an adversarial role). Keep an open mind about what you are good at and how you can be most effective. It takes many kinds of people working in many kinds of environments to create a good outcome for society. Some of the best environmental work I have seen was performed by unlikely people deep down in unexpected organizations, like the creative engineer who helped a peach canning factory develop state of the art efficiency, conservation and clean air vehicle programs. These are some of life’s unsung heroes. Continue to follow your own inner compass and it will lead you on an amazing journey. I am very happy and content with where I am today and could not have planned or predicted how I would get here in a million years. But by staying true to my own interests and using that to guide a “yes” or “no” at each fork in the road, I arrived at a great place and have had lots of fun along the way. Do things that are easy for you and bring you joy. I’m convinced that people are far more effective when they are having fun, loving what they do, and it comes naturally to them. Too often we think it has to be “hard”, but when it’s really hard chances are you aren’t suited to it. When you are suited to something it comes more naturally. Then you can use all your energy to shine and provide true excellence from a place of genuine contribution rather than labor over a calculated attempt to climb some imaginary ladder. — Good luck and best wishes!! APPENDICES ADR = Alternative Dispute Resolution BERC = Berkeley Energy & Resources Collaborative CARB = California Air Resources Board CEC = California Energy Commission CPUC = California Public Utilities Commission ECC = Energy / Climate / Cleantech (This is not a standard acronym. It is used for convenience.) FERC = Federal Energy Regulatory Commission GHG = Greenhouse Gas ISO = Independent Service Operator IP = Intellectual Property IPP = Independent Power Producer LNG = Liquefied Natural Gas NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission PUC = Public Utilities Commission M & A = Mergers & Acquisitions RECLAIM = REgional CLean Air Incentives Market RGGI = Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative RPS = Renewable Portfolio Standard RTO = Regional Transmission Organization Introduction Please note that this index does NOT provide a comprehensive list of private and public entities doing ECC work in each city. The international section especially is woefully incomplete. Instead, this index merely sorts the entries we have included by their location, in order to provide a starting point for someone interested in working in a particular place. United States Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.................................13 Albany, NY Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 Dewey & LeBoeuf ...................................................15 Greenberg Traurig LLP...........................................17 Goodwin Procter LLP .............................................17 Gunderson Dettmer ................................................17 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Anchorage, AK Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 US Department of Justice.......................................44 Nixon Peabody LLP ................................................25 Schiff Hardin LLP ...................................................27 US Department of Justice .......................................44 Atlanta, GA Alston & Bird LLP ...................................................10 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Broomfield, CO Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.................................13 Austin, TX Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 Andrews Kurth........................................................11 Charlotte, NC Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Hunton & Williams...................................................18 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Vinson & Elkins LLP ...............................................30 Chicago, IL Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati ..........................31 Foley & Lardner LLP ..............................................16 Jones Day ..............................................................18 Kirkland & Ellis LLP.................................................19 Bellevue, WA Perkins Coie ..........................................................27 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 National Resources Defense Council .....................42 Schiff Hardin LLP ...................................................27 Boise, ID Fenwick & West LLP...............................................16 Sidley Austin LLP....................................................28 Perkins Coie ..........................................................27 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP .....................28 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Winston & Strawn LLP ............................................31 Boston, MA Beveridge & Diamond PC.......................................32 Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 Columbus, OH Chadbourne & Parke LLP .......................................13 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP.................................16 Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmaro LLP ..................18 Latham & Watkins LLP............................................19 Manatt, Phelps & Philips LLP..................................19 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP ..................20 Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.................................21 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP .....................27 National Resources Defense Council .....................42 Denver, CO Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 Sidley Austin LLP....................................................28 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Winston & Strawn LLP ............................................31 Greenberg Traurig LLP...........................................17 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 Madison, WI US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Foley & Lardner LLP ...............................................16 McLean, VA Hallowell, ME The Regulatory Assistance Project .........................43 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP .....................27 Harrisburg, PA K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Menlo Park, CA (see Silicon Valley) Houston, TX Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 Arnold & Porter LLP................................................11 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Greenberg Traurig LLP...........................................17 Jones Day .............................................................18 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.....................27 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP...........28 Vinson & Elkins LLP ...............................................30 Miami, FL Greenberg Traurig LLP ...........................................17 Milwaukee, WI Foley & Lardner LLP ...............................................16 Minneapolis, MN Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 Montpelier, VT The Regulatory Assistance Project .........................43 Jones Day .............................................................18 Dallas, TX Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 Andrews Kurth........................................................11 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Vinson & Elkins LLP ...............................................30 Kansas City, KS Newark, NJ US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Los Angeles, CA Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 Arnold & Porter LLP................................................11 Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 New York, NY Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP ....................10 Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Arnold & Porter LLP ................................................11 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Sacramento, CA California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 California Energy Commission ................................37 California Environmental Protection Agency ...........38 California Independent Systems Operator...............39 California Resources Agency..................................41 Day Carter Murphy..................................................33 Downey Brand ........................................................33 Ellison, Schneider & Harris .....................................33 Legislative Counsel of California .............................42 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Oakland, CA California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 US Department of Justice .......................................44 Orange County, CA Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Salt Lake City, UT Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 Manatt, Phelps & Philips LLP..................................19 San Antonio, TX Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Palm Beach, FL Greenberg Traurig LLP...........................................17 San Diego, CA Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Palo Alto, CA (see Silicon Valley) California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 Gunderson Dettmer ................................................17 Philadelphia, PA Beveridge & Diamond PC.......................................32 Chadbourne & Parke LLP.......................................13 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Covington & Burling LLP.........................................14 Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 Duane Morris LLP...................................................15 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Gunderson Dettmer ................................................17 Hunton & Williams ..................................................18 Jones Day .............................................................18 Kirkland & Ellis LLP ................................................19 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP ..................20 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 National Resources Defense Council ....................42 Nixon Peabody LLP................................................25 Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP ...........................26 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.....................27 Sidley Austin LLP ...................................................28 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP...........28 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP.....................28 Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP ..........30 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Vinson & Elkins LLP ...............................................30 White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Winston & Strawn LLP............................................31 Reed Smith LLP......................................................27 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Pittsburg, PA K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Reed Smith LLP......................................................27 Portland, OR Ater Wynne LLP......................................................32 Miller Nash .............................................................21 Perkins Coie ..........................................................27 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 Alcantar & Kahl LLP................................................32 Richmond, VA Hunton & Williams...................................................18 Rochester, NY Nixon Peabody LLP ................................................25 Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 US Department of Justice .......................................44 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Van Ness Feldman .................................................34 Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati...........................31 San Francisco, CA Alcantar & Kahl LLP................................................32 Beveridge & Diamond PC.......................................32 Silicon Valley, CA Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.................................13 California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 Duncan, Weinberg, Genzer & Pembroke, P.C ........33 California Public Utilities Commission.....................40 Fenwick & West LLP...............................................16 Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.................................13 Gunderson Dettmer ................................................17 Covington & Burling LLP.........................................14 Nixon Peabody LLP ................................................25 Davis Wright Tremaine LLP ....................................15 Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP ...........................26 Duane Morris LLP...................................................15 Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati...........................31 Fenwick & West LLP...............................................16 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 St. Louis, MO Goodin, MacBride, Squeri, Day & Lamprey, LLP ....34 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP .....................28 Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmaro LLP ..................18 Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP ...........................26 Walnut Creek, CA Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 Manatt, Phelps & Philips LLP..................................19 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 National Resources Defense Council ....................42 Washington, DC Nixon Peabody LLP................................................25 Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP ....................10 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.....................27 Alston & Bird LLP....................................................10 Reed Smith LLP .....................................................27 Andrews Kurth ........................................................11 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP.....................28 Arnold & Porter LLP ................................................11 Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP ..........30 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 The Utilities Reform Network ..................................43 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 US Department of Justice.......................................44 Beveridge & Diamond PC .......................................32 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati ..........................31 Chadbourne & Parke LLP .......................................13 Winston & Strawn LLP............................................31 Clifford Chance .......................................................13 Covington & Burling LLP .........................................14 Davis Wright Tremaine LLP ....................................15 San Jose (see Silicon Valley) Dewey & LeBoeuf ...................................................15 Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 Seattle, WA Ater Wynne LLP .....................................................32 Duane Morris LLP ...................................................15 Davis Wright Tremaine LLP ....................................15 Duncan, Weinberg, Genzer & Pembroke, P.C ........33 Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.................42 Fenwick & West LLP...............................................16 Foley & Lardner LLP ...............................................16 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Miller Nash ............................................................21 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP.................................16 Perkins Coie ..........................................................27 Goodwin Procter LLP .............................................17 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 Greenberg Traurig LLP ...........................................17 Hunton & Williams ..................................................18 Jones Day .............................................................18 Kirkland & Ellis LLP ................................................19 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 Manatt, Phelps & Philips LLP..................................19 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP ................................21 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 National Resources Defense Council ....................42 Nixon Peabody LLP................................................25 Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP ...........................26 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP.....................27 Sidley Austin LLP ...................................................28 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP...........28 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP.....................28 Steptoe & Johnson LLP ..........................................29 Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP ..........30 US Department of Energy.......................................43 US Department of Justice.......................................44 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Van Ness Feldman .................................................34 Vinson & Elkins LLP ...............................................30 White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Winston & Strawn LLP............................................31 International Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Reed Smith LLP......................................................27 Sidley Austin LLP....................................................28 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP ...........28 Almaty, Kazakhstan Chadbourne & Parke LLP.......................................13 Juarez, Mexico Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Amsterdam, Netherlands Allen & Overy..........................................................10 London, United Kingdom Andrews Kurth ........................................................11 Beijing, China Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Arnold & Porter LLP ................................................11 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Hunton & Williams ..................................................18 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 National Resources Defense Council ....................42 Chadbourne & Parke LLP .......................................13 Clifford Chance .......................................................13 Covington & Burling LLP .........................................14 Brussels, Belgium Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Dewey & LeBoeuf ...................................................15 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Duane Morris LLP ...................................................15 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Hunton & Williams ..................................................18 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP.................................16 Hunton & Williams...................................................18 Kirkland & Ellis LLP.................................................19 Dubai, United Arab Emirates Allen & Overy..........................................................10 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Latham & Watkins LLP............................................19 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP ..................20 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP .....................27 Dusseldorf, Germany White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Reed Smith LLP......................................................27 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP ...........28 Vinson & Elkins LLP................................................30 Frankfurt, Germany Allen & Overy..........................................................10 White & Case LLP...................................................30 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Madrid, Spain Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Hanoi, Vietnam Duane Morris LLP...................................................15 Jones Day ..............................................................18 Hong Kong Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Melbourne, Australia Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Mexico City, Mexico Chadbourne & Parke LLP .......................................13 Milan, Italy Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Tokyo, Japan Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 Moscow, Russia Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 White & Case LLP...................................................30 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Chadbourne & Parke LLP.......................................13 Warsaw, Poland Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 Chadbourne & Parke LLP .......................................13 White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Dewey & LeBoeuf ...................................................15 Paris, France Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Winston & Strawn LLP............................................31 Prague, Czech Republic White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Sao Paulo, Brazil Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Shanghai, China Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Morrison & Foerster LLP.........................................21 Singapore Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher LLP ................................16 Jones Day .............................................................18 Latham & Watkins LLP ...........................................19 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP ..................20 White & Case LLP ..................................................30 Sydney, Australia Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Akin Gump Strauss Hauer & Feld LLP....................10 Alcantar & Kahl LLP................................................32 Allen & Overy..........................................................10 Alston & Bird LLP ...................................................10 Andrews Kurth........................................................11 Arnold & Porter LLP................................................11 Ater Wynne LLP .....................................................32 Baker Botts LLP......................................................11 Baker & McKenzie ..................................................12 Beveridge & Diamond PC.......................................32 Bingham & McCutchen ...........................................12 California DOJ, Office of the Attorney General........36 California Energy Commission................................37 California Environmental Protection Agency ...........38 California Independent Systems Operator ..............39 California Public Utilities Commission.....................40 California Resources Agency..................................41 Chadbourne & Parke LLP.......................................13 Clifford Chance.......................................................13 Cooley Godward Kronish LLP.................................13 Covington & Burling LLP.........................................14 Davis Wright Tremaine LLP ....................................15 Day Carter Murphy .................................................33 Dewey & LeBoeuf...................................................15 Dorsey & Whitney LLP ...........................................15 Downey Brand........................................................33 Duane Morris LLP...................................................15 Duncan, Weinberg, Genzer & Pembroke, P.C ........33 Ellison, Schneider & Harris .....................................33 Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.................42 Fenwick & West LLP...............................................16 Foley & Lardner LLP...............................................16 Fulbright & Jaworski LLP ........................................16 Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher........................................16 Goodin, MacBride, Squeri, Day & Lamprey, LLP ....34 Goodwin Procter LLP..............................................17 Greenberg Traurig .................................................17 Gunderson Dettmer ................................................17 Hunton & Williams ..................................................18 Jeffer, Mangels, Butler & Marmaro LLP ..................18 Jones Day .............................................................18 Kirkland & Ellis LLP.................................................19 K&L Gates LLP ......................................................19 Latham & Watkins LLP............................................19 Legislative Counsel of California .............................42 Manatt, Phelps & Philips LLP..................................19 McDermott Will & Emery ........................................20 Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP ..................20 Miller Nash..............................................................21 Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP.................................21 Morrison & Foerster LLP .........................................21 National Resources Defense Council .....................42 Nixon Peabody LLP ................................................25 Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP ...........................26 Perkins Coie ..........................................................27 Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP .....................27 The Regulatory Assistance Project .........................43 Reed Smith LLP......................................................27 Schiff Hardin LLP ...................................................27 Sidley Austin LLP....................................................28 Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meager & Flom LLP .............28 Sonnenschein Nath & Rosenthal LLP .....................28 Steptoe & Johnson LLP ..........................................29 Stoel Rives LLP ......................................................30 The Utilities Reform Network...................................43 Thelen Reid Brown Raysman & Steiner LLP...........30 US Department of Energy .......................................43 US Department of Justice .......................................44 US Environmental Protection Agency .....................44 Van Ness Feldman .................................................34 Vinson & Elkins LLP................................................30 White & Case LLP...................................................30 Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati...........................31 Winston & Strawn LLP ............................................31