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to participate as lecturers.
Slim Hole Technology
Roger Hough
Shell Canada
This presentation will:
Give an overview of slim hole
technology
Define why it is only now gathering
momentum
Provide some case histories
Explore the prospects for the future
Slim Hole Technology
What is slim hole?
Types of slim hole drilling
Why slim hole?
Problems and solutions
What is Slim Hole?
SHDEC: Drilling , evaluation and
completion technology which allows
fully engineered 6 1/4" and smaller
holes at TD.
Slimline well: Well with a cost-effective
design around an optimal production
conduit.
Logging: Anything smaller than 4 3/4",
or minimum 2 7/8". Tool OD 2 1/4"
Types of slim hole drilling:
Shallow Rotary
Continuous coring
Downsized Conventional
Combination
Small horizontal sidetracks
Coiled tubing drilling
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Completion Technology
3
/4
20” 10 “
5/
13 3
/8 “ 7 8“ L
1 PBR tie-back
3 /
“ tubing
2
1
Rotating liner
5/ 5 “L
9 8“ /
2 hanger
7”
Conventional Monobore
Monobore Toolkit
Restriction Full bore
High rate jet cleaner
Jet cleaner Packer flow meter
PLT
Full-bore CT mill
Under reamer
Straddle packer
Retrievable straddle
TTBP
Electro line set bridge plug
Typical 3 1/2” monobore completion
Standard 3 1/2” flow
control equipment
with 2.813 seal bore ID
Side pocket mandrels
with 2.813” seal bore ID
Liner hanger complete
5 1/2” 17 lb/ft with tubing tieback
production casing
Retrievable straddle
Retrievable or
permanent bridge plug
3 1/2” 9.2 lb/ft
production liner
Slim hole producers
A 3 1/2” monobore can produce 4000 b/d
or 50MMscf/d
Downsizing a completion from 7” to 3
1/2” can reduce well costs by 15-40%
Production Rate vs Tubing Size
100000 100
50000 50
25000 25
Wet
Gross 10000 10 Gas
Rate
Rate
b/d 500 MMscf/d
0
2500
1000
500
20 40 60 8 10 120 140 16 180 mm
0 1/2” 0
3 4 1/2” 5 1/2” 0 7” inch
Well Productivity vs Diameter
1.
1
1.05
1.0
Relative PI
0.95
0.9
0.85
0 5 10 15 20
Bit Diameter (inches)
Slim hole producers
For Shell’s existing reservoirs on a
worldwide basis:
– 40% of the oil originally in place would be
produced by existing technology
– 20% would be bypassed
– 20% would be residual oil saturation
Recovery of half the remaining oil would
increase recoverable reserves by 50%.
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Why Slim Hole?
Exploration in immature areas
Exploration in mature areas
Production applications
High pressure / temperature wells
Safety
Environmental
Logistics
Economics
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Slim hole fluid pressure drops
0
Formate mud
3 1/2” DP
Chalk mud
7”
2 7/8” DP
5”
5000 m
4 1/8” Bit 0 250 bar
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Kick detection system
BNP
SPM
SPP P Computer Alarm
Flow in
Flow out
Max
Min
P
BOP
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Standard Thruster
Hookload
Drillpipe
No thruster
Drillcollars
Thruster
Thruster
Mud Motor in use
Bit
Soft Torque Rotary Table
SCR
Rotary
Drive
motor
Drillpipe
Field Validation of MKII STRS
ON Time = 60s
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Problems and Solutions
Problem Solution
Cementing Enhanced liners, improved
slurries
Fishing Fishing tools
Drillstring failures Vibration mitigation, high
torque drillstring
Well control Accurate flow in / out
measurement
Limited evaluation Slim hole logging and
testing tools
Small clearances, Shear thinning fluids /
high ECDs, hole formates, thruster to
problems replace DC
Bit life, poor PDC bits, anti-whirl bits,
penetration rate
Integration is important
mwd pump strokes
p
mud viscosity GPM
pd pda
mud density
mud temperature
pc pca
pt ecd
pm dp RPM
WOB
torque
pb bit TFA
bit aggressiveness
Case Histories - Exploration
BP - West Africa
Slim Hole Well Configuration
10 /4 in
3
20 in
conductor cond
17 1 /2 7/
9 8
1/
12 4
6
3
/8
8
1
/
2
4.8
6 Reservoir 3.8
3000 m SPE/IADC 25724
Slim Hole Wellsite
Environmental Impact
Slimhole
60 m
site
120 m
75 m
Conventional site
150m
•Hole diameters reduced by 50%
•Mud consumption and cuttings reduced by 75%
•Site reduced by 75%
•Overall costs reduced between 40% and 50%
SPE/IADC 25724
Case Histories - Exploration
Guatemala
Positive Learnings
Lower day rate
Lower material costs
Lower location preparation costs
Lower Mob/ demob costs
Less waste disposal
Smaller crew
Negative Learnings
Poor hydraulics
High ECDs - unable to get desired mud
weight
Hole erosion due to high annular velocities
Limited choice of bits
Non standard tools
3 1/2” logging tools unsuitable for 4 1/4” hole
Case Histories - Exploration
Madagascar
Madagascar
Slim vs Conventional
MDZ-1 MDS-1
9 5/8 “
7”
5”
2500m 8.1/2” 2200m 4.1/4”
Cost 100% 60%
Madagascar Cost Comparisons
12
$US 8
millions
4
0
Well 1 Well 2 Well 3 Slim-hole
well
Positive Learnings
Reduced tonnage, location, construction work
and waste material
Reduced driving hazards (1/2 the trucks)
Reduced environmental impact
Kick detection - 20L detected
Antivibration technology -> gauge 4 1/4” hole
Good quality logs
Negative Learnings
Assorted rig packages
5000 psi design - 3600psi available
Bit TFA too high - bit selection poor
Mud pump used for cementing
Case Histories - Production
Germany
Field Experience Retrofit SHD
5
24 2”
1
/ 18 /8“ 13 3 /8“
5
18 ”
5/
8 13 3 /8“ 9 /8“
5
13 3 /8” 9 /“
8 7“L
5
9 /8“ 7”L 5” L
7 1
8 1 /2“ 5 /8“ 4 /8“
5000 m 7”L OH 5”L OH “
1
3 /2 L OH
Well costs 100% 75% 60%
Cuttings volume 100% 60% 30%
Case Histories - Production
House
Mountain
Hole Geometry
25 deg/30 m
2120m
7
3 /
8 “
565 m
Where is slim-hole going?
Slim hole technologies are proven and
reliable.
The industry is beginning to embrace
slim hole - first operators and service
companies, now the drilling contractors.
A start can be made with retrofit systems
before committing to a dedicated rig.
New applications are emerging.
New Applications
Coiled tubing drilling
– Ultra Short Radius Jetting
– Underbalanced drilling
– Expandable Tubulars
– Coiled Tubing Completions
Dedicated Slim Hole Rigs
Typical slim hole casing schemes
10.3/4"
or 10.3/4" 3.1/2"
8.3/4" - 8.3/8" 12.1/4" or
9.5/8” Tubing
7" 9.5/8” Monobore
6.1/4" - 5.7/8" 9.7/8" - 8.3/8"
5" 7.5/8" - 7" 7.5/8" - 7"
6.3/4" - 5.3/4"
4.1/4" - 4.1/8"
5.1/2" - 5" 5.1/2" - 5"
3.1/2"
4.3/4" - 4.1/8"
2.7/8" - 2.5/8" 3.1/2"
4" - 3.1/2"
3.3/8" - 2.5/8"
2.7/8" - 2.5/8"
BHI SH
manual RE-ENTRY EXPLORATION DEVELOPMENT / PRODUCTION
Case Histories - Production
Peace River
New Generation Slim Hole
Rigs
Euroslim (Forasol / Elf / Total / DBS)
Simpler (Sedco-Forex)
Kenting Rig 11
Hybrid CT units
Slim Hole Wellsite -
the shrinkage continues
Simpler
16.5
44 32m
Foraslim 60 m
26m
Slimhole 120 m
75 m
Conventional site
150 m
Multidisciplinary Crew
Rig Team 8 (15)
Maintenance Team 3 (5)
MWD / Logging 1 (3)
Total 13 (23)
Conventional Operations (40)
Next Steps
Good planning and integration of a slim-hole
campaign is needed with all parties.
Design the well from inside out.
Compromises may be needed, but the result
should be better information for less cost,
reduced finding / lifting costs, increased
reserves, better safety and S.D.
Slim hole is coming - it’s up to oil company
and contractor alike to benefit from it.
