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AN EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
LAM YUEN SAN
SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PERLIS
2007
AN EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR
ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS
by
LAM YUEN SAN
Report submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Engineering
MAY 2007
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I cherish the friendships that accompanied my studies here at the UniMAP. I
thank my parents, and my sister for their enduring love and support.
I would like to express my profound gratitude, and thanks to my supervisor, Pn.
Samila Mat Zali for her invaluable advice and continuous encouragement throughout
my degree of Bachelor program. I appreciate the guidance, dedication, and exemplary
academic standards of my advisor; Pn. Samila Mat Zali is so willing to lead me to the
right way in succeeding my thesis.
I thank Ir. Risnidar Chan for her tutoring, numerous enlightening discussions
and her willingness to entertain my aberrant questions. I am grateful to Mr. Haidar,
‘PLV’ of School of Electrical System Engineering, for giving me all his helps,
guidelines and cooperation.
Also, I am indebted to my coursemates for giving all their corporation and helps
when I needed. During the process in completing my thesis, I have tried several ways
such as internet and reference books (POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS) in order to
achieve enough informations. Not to be left out is that the willingness of all librarians
who more or less help me in getting informations needed.
At last, with all my appreciation I would like to thank whoever that I have left
out in my thank you list.
i
APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET
This project report titled An Educational Software Package for Electric Power
System Course was prepared and submitted by Lam Yuen San (Matrix Number:
031090167) and has been found satisfactory in terms of scope, quality and
presentation as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Bachelor of
Engineering ( Electrical System Engineering ) in University Malaysia Perlis
(UniMAP).
Checked and Approved by
_______________________
(Pn. Samila Mat Zali)
Project Supervisor
School of Electrical System Engineering
University Malaysia Perlis
MAY 2007
ii
PAKEJ PERISIAN PEMBELAJARAN BAGI ANALISIS SISTEM KUASA
ELEKTRIK
ABSTRAK
Satu pakej perisian dibangunkan untuk menunjukkan analisis sistem kuasa
seperti analisis aliran beban, analisis kerosakan dan pengiraan galangan. Perisian ini
dinamakan “PSA” iaitu “Power System Analysis”. Ia bertujuan untuk kegunaan pelajar-
pelajar sistem kuasa elektrik. PSA dibangunkan menggunakan MATLAB 7.0 untuk
aplikasi “Microsoft Window”. Sistem penulis angka atau petunjuk yang digunakan
dalam program ini kebanyakannya sesuai dengan format yang digunakan dalam buku
teks sistem kuasa. Pelajar boleh melihat struktur dalaman perkiraan fungsi fail di mana
kod-kod MATLAB adalah mudah dan ringkas untuk dipelajari. Dengan PSA, pelajar
boleh menggunakannya sebagai satu alat untuk menyelesaikan masalah dalam buku
teks. PSA juga boleh membantu pelajar lebih memahami setiap langkah pengiraan
analisis sistem kuasa dan seterusnya meningkatkan kemahiran pengiraan secara manual
mereka.
iii
AN EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE PACKAGE FOR ELECTRIC POWER
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
ABSTRACT
A software package is developed to perform power system analysis such as load
flow analysis, fault analysis and impedance calculation. This software package is named
as “PSA” which means “Power System Analysis”. It is intended for electric power
system students. PSA is developed under MATLAB 7.0 for Microsoft Window
application. The notation used in the program is mostly compatible with the format used
in electric power system textbooks. Students can see the inner structure of computation
function files where the MATLAB codes are simple and easy to study. With PSA,
students can use it as a tool to solve the problems in textbooks. PSA can helps students
more understand in power system analysis calculation steps and can improve their hand
calculation skills.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENT i
APPROVAL AND DECLARATION SHEET ii
ABSTRAK iii
ABSTRACT iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS v
LIST OF TABLES viii
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Background History 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem 2
1.3 Project Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of the Study 4
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 6
2.1 Software MATLAB Version 7.0 6
2.2 Load Flow Study 7
2.2.1 Load Data 8
2.2.2 Load Flow Analysis Methods 9
2.2.2.1 Gauss-Seidel method 9
2.2.2.2 Newton-Raphson Method 9
2.2.2.3 Fast-Decoupled Method 12
2.3 Fault Studies 12
v
2.3.1 Balanced Three-Phase Fault 13
2.3.2 Unbalanced fault 14
CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 16
3.1 Introduction 16
3.2 MATLAB Software to create Graphical User Interface (GUI) 16
3.3 Basic concept of PSA 18
3.4 Basic concept of LFA module 20
3.4.1 Basic load flow algorithm 22
3.5 Basic concept of FA module 24
3.5.1 Basic fault algorithm 27
3.6 Basic concept of IC module 29
3.6.1 Basic bus matrix algorithm 30
3.7 Concept of system utilities module 32
3.8 Concept of info module 32
3.9 Summary 32
CHAPTER 4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 33
4.1 Introduction 33
4.2 Description of PSA Software Package 33
4.2.1 PSA Main Menu 34
4.2.2 Load Flow Analysis (LFA) 34
4.2.3 Fault Analysis (FA) 41
4.2.4 Impedance Calculation (IC) 47
4.2.5 System Utilities and Info 49
4.3 Validation results and discussion 51
4.3.1 Load Flow Analysis (LFA) 51
4.3.1.1 Results of LFA 51
4.3.1.2 Discussion of LFA results 53
4.3.2 Fault analysis (FA) 54
4.3.2.1 Results three phase balanced fault analysis 54
4.3.2.2 Results single line-to-ground fault analysis 55
vi
4.3.2.3 Results line-to-line fault analysis 55
4.3.2.4 Results double line-to-ground fault analysis 56
4.3.2.5 Discussion of FA results 57
4.3.3 Impedance calculation (IC) 57
4.4 Summary 59
CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION 60
5.1 Summary 60
5.2 Recommendation for future project 61
5.3 Commercialization Potential 61
REFERENCES 62
APPENDICES 64
Appendix A 64
Appendix B 65
Appendix C(i) 66
Appendix C(ii) 68
Appendix C(iii) 70
Appendix D 71
Appendix E 77
vii
LIST OF TABLES
Tables No. Page
4.0 Solution details by Gauss-Seidel Method for IEEE 3 Bus system 51
of LFA module and manual calculations of first iteration.
4.1 Solution details by Newton-Raphson Method for IEEE 3 Bus 51
system of LFA module and manual calculations of first iteration.
4.2 Solution details by Fast-Decoupled Method for IEEE 3 Bus system 52
of LFA module and manual calculations of first iteration.
4.3 Line power flow solution details by Gauss-Seidel Method for 52
IEEE 3 Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations
of first iteration.
4.4 Line power flow solution details by Newton-Raphson Method for 52
IEEE 3 Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations
of first iteration.
4.5 Line power flow solution details by Fast-Decoupled Method for 52
IEEE 3 Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations
of first iteration.
4.6 Line losses solution details by Gauss-Seidel Method for IEEE 3 53
Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations of first iteration.
4.7 Line losses solution details by Newton-Raphson Method for IEEE 53
3 Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations of first
iteration.
4.8 Line losses solution details by Fast-Decoupled Method for IEEE 53
3 Bus system of LFA module and manual calculations of first
iteration.
4.9 Total fault current for 3 Bus system of FA module and manual 54
calculations.
viii
4.10 Bus voltages during fault for 3 Bus system of FA module and 54
manual calculations.
4.11 Line currents for fault at Bus 3 for 3 Bus system of FA module 54
and manual calculations.
4.12 Total fault current for 3 Bus system by FA module and manual 55
calculations.
4.13 Bus voltages during fault for 3 Bus system by FA module and 55
manual calculations.
4.14 Line currents for fault at Bus 3 for 3 Bus system by FA module 55
and manual calculations.
4.15 Total fault current for 3 Bus system by FA module and manual 55
calculations.
4.16 Bus voltages during fault for 3 Bus system by FA module and 56
manual calculations.
4.17 Line currents for fault at Bus 3 for 3 Bus system by FA module 56
and manual calculations.
4.18 Total fault current for 3 Bus system by FA module and manual 56
calculations.
4.19 Bus voltages during fault for 3 Bus system by FA module and 56
manual calculations.
4.20 Line currents for fault at Bus 3 for 3 Bus system by FA module 57
and manual calculations.
4.21 3 Bus system data 57
ix
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures No. Page
3.0 GUIDE Quick Start dialog. 17
3.1 Layout Editor with a blank GUI template. 17
3.2 M-file for the GUI with Axes and Menu template. 18
3.3 Flow chart of PSA 19
3.4 Flow chart of LFA module 20
3.5 Flow chart of basic load flow algorithm 22
3.6 Flow chart of FA module 25
3.7 Basic fault algorithm 27
3.8 Flow chart of IC module 29
3.9 Basic formation admittance bus matrix algorithm 30
3.10 Basic formation impedance bus matrix algorithm 31
4.0 Main Menu of PSA. 34
4.1 LFA Menu. 35
4.2 Open file window pop up after clicked button “Open File”. 35
4.3 System data for a sample system stored on the file load3.mat 36
4.4 Data displayed on screen of open file module. 36
4.5 Load Flow bus result. 37
4.6 Load Flow line flow power and losses results. 37
x
4.7 Sub menu of LFA new data option. 38
4.8 Entering new data for 3 Bus system with Help window pop up. 38
4.9 A save window pop up. 39
4.10 A “savingprocess” window pop up after finish saved. 39
4.11 LFA help window. 40
4.12 Example module. 40
4.13 FA menu. 41
4.14 Data displayed on screen. 41
4.15 Three Phase Balanced Fault Analysis result. 42
4.16 FA new data sub-menu. 42
4.17 Entering new data for 3 bus system. 43
4.18 Save window pop up. 43
4.19 Data saved pop up. 44
4.20 FA calculation window. 44
4.21 Transformer Data M-file. 45
4.22 Display Data. 45
4.23 FA example window. 46
4.24 Data displayed on FA example window. 46
4.25 IC menu. 47
4.26 Data displayed on IC calculation window. 47
4.27 IC results. 48
4.28 IC example window. 48
4.29 System Utilities window. 49
4.30 Open file window pop up. 49
4.31 M-file is opened. 50
xi
4.32 Information window of PSA. 50
4.33 Results of IC computation 58
4.34 The line diagram of the 3 Bus system [5]. 58
4.35 Results of manual calculation. 59
xii
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