File name (filnamn): Expansions and recessions in Sweden 1842-2001 (Expansioner och recessioner i Sverige 1842-2001 ) Version
Author (författare): Rodney Edvinsson
Definitions for this file (definitioner för denna fil)
Contraction (kontraktion): An event when the annual change in the volume GDP is negative (Händelse då den årliga volymförändrin
Depression: An event when volume GDP in one year is beneath the level of volume GDP two years earlier, and consists of the nega
Expansion: The period between two consecutive recessions (Period mellan två på varandra följande recessioner).
Recession: An event when the annual volume change in GDP is less than one percent, consisting of the consecutive annual change
Average annual GDP Average annual GDP growth during expansionrecession recession
Expansion (period) Recession Average annual type of
Cycle of expansion and recessiongrowth during cycle The GDP growth during
Årliga medeltillväxt under konjunkturcykelunder expansion underrecession
Expansion Årlig medeltillväxt
recession Medeltillväxt av recession
Konjunkturcykel bestående av expansion och Recession(period) Typ
1842-1846 2.418273 1842-1845 4.189353 1845-1846 -2.71637 depression
1846-1852 2.471939 1846-1850 4.678946 1850-1852 -0.75163 depression
1852-1856 2.400987 1852-1855 3.580701 1855-1856 -1.05815 contraction
1856-1862 2.185251 1856-1860 4.572393 1860-1862 -2.4268 minirecession followed by depression
1862-1866 3.516872 1862-1865 5.393908 1865-1866 -1.91603 contraction
1866-1868 -4.26744 1866-1867 2.463051 1867-1868 -10.5558 depression
1868-1875 4.756299 1868-1874 5.715101 1874-1875 -0.81663 contraction
1875-1878 1.099267 1875-1876 6.988618 1876-1878 -1.7227 depression
1878-1880 3.031361 1878-1879 5.881511 1879-1880 0.257931 minirecession
1880-1882 0.984224 1880-1881 2.875588 1881-1882 -0.87237 contraction
1882-1884 2.971393 1882-1883 7.375516 1883-1884 -1.25209 contraction
1884-1887 1.239607 1884-1885 3.942861 1885-1887 -0.08554 minirecession followed by depression
1887-1889 2.883167 1887-1888 4.948639 1888-1889 0.858345 minirecession
1889-1892 2.047388 1889-1891 3.24433 1891-1892 -0.30503 contraction
1892-1900 3.200471 1892-1899 3.738827 1899-1900 -0.4906 contraction
1900-1902 1.440798 1900-1901 2.681265 1901-1902 0.215318 minirecession
1902-1905 2.4404 1902-1904 3.937657 1904-1905 -0.48972 contraction
1905-1909 3.396914 1905-1907 7.441751 1907-1909 -0.49565 depression followed by minirecession
1909-1918 1.540382 1909-1916 3.95892 1916-1918 -6.48992 depression
1918-1921 0.698625 1918-1920 5.643515 1920-1921 -8.50762 depression
1921-1925 5.399023 1921-1924 7.054409 1924-1925 0.584871 minirecession
1925-1932 2.96652 1925-1930 5.05148 1930-1932 -2.06663 depression
1932-1941 2.782755 1932-1939 5.274457 1939-1941 -5.48285 depression
1941-1953 3.622906 1941-1952 3.892731 1952-1953 0.700676 minirecession
1953-1978 3.589393 1953-1976 3.97903 1976-1978 -0.78785 depression
1978-1981 1.116632 1978-1979 3.195987 1979-1981 0.09272 minirecession followed by contraction
1981-1993 1.291531 1981-1990 2.302347 1990-1993 -1.68139 depression
1993-2001 3.149221 1993-2000 3.47106 2000-2001 0.924205 minirecession
Comment:
For 2000-2001, the figure is based on Statistiska Meddelanden, NR 10 SM 03.
oner och recessioner i Sverige 1842-2001 ) Version 1.0 Last updated (senast uppdaterad): 050404
s negative (Händelse då den årliga volymförändringen i BNP är negativ).
me GDP two years earlier, and consists of the negative consecutive annual changes in volume GDP (En händelse då volymvärdet av BNP är under nivån
å varandra följande recessioner).
rcent, consisting of the consecutive annual changes when this condition is fulfilled (Händelse då den årliga volymförändringen in BNP är under en procen
n followed by depression
n followed by depression
ollowed by minirecession
n followed by contraction
n händelse då volymvärdet av BNP är under nivån på volymvärdet av BNP två år tidigare, bestående av på varandra följande årliga förändringar i BNP).
liga volymförändringen in BNP är under en procent, bestående av på varandra följande årliga förändringar då detta villkor uppfylls).
v på varandra följande årliga förändringar i BNP).
gar då detta villkor uppfylls).
Glossary:
Activity: In the SNA, described to take place when resources are combined leading to the creation of particular goods or services. N
Asset: In the 1993 SNA, defined as an entity over which an institutional unit exercises ownership rights, that functions as a store of v
Base period: The period that provides the weights for a volume or price index. The base period is mostly situated earlier than the co
Basic prices: A type of price of a unit of good or services produced as output, which includes the excess of non-commodity related i
Benchmark series: In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as the data series for a time period which is kept unchanged when linking consecut
Buildings and structures: A type of fixed assets estimated in Edvinsson, 2005. Are subdivided between dwellings (residential buildin
Capacity stock: The stock of fixed assets that are believed to have been installed at a given point in time and that still have not been
Chain index: Is obtained by linking a price or volume index for consecutive periods. The short-term movements are calculated on th
Changes in fixed livestock: The fixed livestock acquired less the fixed livestock disposed of, in the course of the accounting period.
Changes in (the stock of) inventories: Is set equal to the inventories acquired less the inventories disposed of, in the course of the a
C.i.f. (costs, insurance, freight) price: The c.i.f. prices of imported goods can be regarded as the purchasers’ prices that would be pa
Circulation: The sphere of exchange in which commodities and services are bought and sold and finance is organised. In Edvinsson
Constant prices: Express values of goods and services over time in the same prices, often of a base period.
Consumption of fixed assets: The reduction in the value of fixed assets used in production.
Current value: The value of items in the prices at the time of measurement.
Deflator: The deflator is used to eliminate the inflation component of a data series, i.e. to transform current values into a volume val
Dwellings/residential buildings: Buildings that are entirely or primarily used as residences.
Dwelling services: A type of activities; consisting of letting of dwellings and use of owner-occupied dwellings, i.e. of all real estate se
Employee: A person who enters an agreement to work in return for remuneration in cash or in kind.
Employment: The definition of employment varies with different sources. Statistics Sweden defines an employed as a person who w
Export: Consists of goods and services that are sold, bartered or given from residents to non-residents.
Factor price: A type of price on a unit of good or services produced as output, which excludes the excess of indirect taxes over subs
Final consumption: Consists of goods and services used up by households, government or other communities for their individual or
Fisher price index: The geometric average of the Laspeyre and Paasche price indices.
Fisher volume index: The geometric average of the Laspeyre and Paasche volume indices.
Fixed assets: Consist of produced assets that are used in the production process for a longer time period, in the 1993 SNA for more
Fixed livestock: Livestock that yield products year after year (dairy cattle, draught animals, etc). Animals raised for slaughter are not
F.o.b. (free on board prices) price: The f.o.b. prices of exported and imported goods can be regarded as the purchasers’ prices that
Government final consumption: Consists of expenditures, including imputed expenditures, incurred by general government to satisfy
Gross Domestic Output (GDO): The sum of all gross outputs of an economy. Equals the sum of GDP and total intermediate consum
Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Can be calculated in three different ways, by activity, by expenditure and by income.
Gross Domestic Product by activity (or from the production side): A method to compute GDP directly, as the sum of gross values ad
Gross Domestic Product by expenditure: A method to compute GDP as the sum of different uses: private final consumption, govern
Gross Domestic Product by income: A method to compute GDP, as the sum of wages and salaries (including social benefits), opera
Gross fixed investment: The term used in Edvinsson, 2005, instead of the SNA-term “gross fixed capital formation”. In the 1993 SNA
Gross investment: The term used in Edvinsson, 2005, instead of the SNA-term “gross capital formation”. In the 1993 SNA, defined a
Gross output (GO): The total value of goods and services produced. Equals the sum of gross value added and intermediate consum
Gross stock of fixed assets: Is valued at the replacement costs of existing fixed assets, which does not take into account that the ex
Gross surplus (GS): In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as gross value added less labour income (of both employees and self-employed).
Gross value added (GVA): The gross output less intermediate consumption. Gross value added includes consumption of fixed capit
Gross value added at basic prices: Equals the gross output valued at basic prices less intermediate consumption valued at purchas
“Housewives” (code HW): A kind of dummy category applied in Edvinsson, 2005, to take into account the difference in the rate of p
Import: Consists of goods and services that are sold, bartered or given from non-residents to residents.
Imputed labour income of self-employed: In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as the part of income of self-employed that could be seen as
Industry-related services: A type of activities. In Edvinsson, 2005, include transport and communication (code TC), circulation (code
Intermediate consumption: Consists of the goods and services used up in the production process, except for consumption of fixed a
Inventories: Consist of materials and supplies (goods destined for intermediate consumption), work in progress, finished goods and
Investment: The term used in Edvinsson, 2005, instead of the SNA term “capital formation”. See gross and net investment.
Labourers: In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as the employed and the “housewives”.
Labour income: In Edvinsson, 2005, consists of wages and salaries (including social benefits) of employees and imputed labour inc
Laspeyre price index: A measure of the level of prices in the compared period in relation to the base period expressed in the quantit
Laspeyre volume index: Expresses the change in the quantities of a bunch of items in the prices of a base period (mostly located ea
Machinery and equipment: Part of fixed assets. Consists of machinery and equipment, including transport equipment, that are not a
Market producer: Producers that sell most of their output at prices that are economically significant. In the SNA, consists of all activi
Mixed income (MI): In the 1993 SNA, defined as the net value added less wages and salaries (including social benefits) for all uninc
Net Domestic Product (NDP): Defined as the Gross Domestic Product less aggregate consumption of fixed assets.
Net export (NX): Defined as export less import. A negative net export can also be described as a positive net import.
Net fixed investment: Defined as gross fixed investment less consumption of fixed assets.
Net import: Defined as import less export. A negative net import can also be described as a positive net export.
Net investment: Defined as gross investment less consumption of fixed assets.
Net surplus (NS): In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as the net value added less the labour income (of both employees and self-employed
Net stock of fixed assets: Is defined as the value of the stock of fixed assets at written down replacement costs, i.e. after the cumula
Net surplus: In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as the gross surplus less consumption of fixed assets, or as the net value added less labo
Net value added (NVA): Defined as the gross value added less consumption of fixed assets, or as gross output less intermediate co
Nominal value: The value of items in current prices.
Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households (NPISHs): Consists of non-profit institutions that are not predominantly financed or contr
Paasche price index: Measures the level of prices in the compared period (mostly located later in time) in relation to a based period
Paasche volume index: Expresses the change in the quantities of a bunch of items in the prices of the compared period (mostly loca
Perpetual Inventory Method (PIM): A method to calculate the stock of produced assets (and consumption of fixed assets) implying t
Price (p): In the SNA, refers to the value of one unit of a good or service. In this sense, price can be distinguished from value; in tha
Price index (P): A measure of the level of prices in one period in relation to an earlier period. Price indices can also be constructed i
Price relative: The ratio of the price of an item in one period to the price of the same item in an earlier period. It can also refer to the
Private final consumption (C): Consists of the final consumption of households and NPISHs. The term is no longer used in the 1993
Private sector: In the 1993 SNA, covers private corporations, households and NPISHs. In Edvinsson, 2005, consists of all types of a
Produced assets: Non-financial assets that have come to existence from processes that fall within the production boundary. In the 1
Production boundary: Distinguishes between activities counted as production and those not included in production.
Productivity: Output per unit of factor input. Can be measured in different ways. In Edvinsson, 2005, mostly refers to labour producti
Purchasers’ prices: A type of price on a unit of good or services produced as output, which includes the excess of indirect taxes ove
Purchasers’ proxy prices: Used in Edvinsson, 2005, in order to make comparisons of different variables, of which some variables ar
Real estate: A type of activities. Consists of letting of dwellings and other premises, but also of the use of owner-occupied dwellings
Real value: The current value deflated by a price index.
Real wage rate: In Edvinsson, 2005, wages and salaries (including social benefits) per employed or per hour worked deflated by the
Recording on c.i.f./f.o.b. basis: The recording of imported goods in c.i.f. prices and exporting goods in f.o.b. prices. When imported g
Recording on f.o.b./f.o.b. basis: The recording of both imported and exported goods in f.o.b. prices. When imported goods are value
Reference year/period: The year/period to which a volume or price index relates. It does not necessarily correspond to the base per
Reflator: A reflator is used to transform volume values into current values, by multiplying the volume value with the reflator. The refl
Relative price: The price of items in relation to the price of other items, irrespectively of the general level of prices.
Reproductive activities/services: In Edvinsson, 2005, defined as activities directed towards human individuals, human collectives an
Self-employed: Person who is the sole owner or joint owner of the enterprise in which he or she works. Especially for earlier times it
Services: Often defined as outputs produced that cannot be separated from their production, although some services (such as prod
Surplus (Sur): In Edvinsson, 2005, operationalised as the (gross or net) value added less labour income. In Edvinsson, 2005, a dist
Trade margin: The value at which goods are sold less the value that would have to be paid by the distributor to replace the sold goo
Transport margin: Consists of the transport charges paid separately by the purchaser to transport the purchased goods.
Type of activities: In Edvinsson, 2005, used to describe a group of activities. A similar term used in the SNA is “industry”, but in Edv
Utilised stock: The stock of fixed assets that are actually used in production. In Edvinsson, 2005, only the capacity stock is estimate
Value: Is used differently in various contexts. In the Classical and Marxist tradition a distinction is made between use value and exch
Value added (VA): The contribution made by producers to increase the value of goods and services after deducting the value of the
Wage rate: In Edvinsson, 2005, wages and salaries (including social benefits) per employed or per hour worked.
Volume index (V): Mostly presented as a weighted average of the proportionate changes in the quantities of specific goods or servic
Volume relative (VR): The ratio of the volume value in one period to the volume value in an earlier period.
Volume value: The value expressed in the same price level over time, connected to the construction of a volume index.
g to the creation of particular goods or services. Not all activities are defined as being productive in an economic sense and counted into aggregate produ
ises ownership rights, that functions as a store of value, and from which economic benefits can be derived by their owner through holding it. There are two
e base period is mostly situated earlier than the compared period.
ch includes the excess of non-commodity related indirect taxes over non-commodity-related subsidies, but excludes the excess of commodity related indir
od which is kept unchanged when linking consecutive series for the same variable(s) to each other, and to which the other data series are adjusted.
e subdivided between dwellings (residential buildings), and non-residential buildings and structures.
at a given point in time and that still have not been scrapped. Some of these objects may be temporarily idle or even be withdrawn from production for an
s. The short-term movements are calculated on the basis of weights pertaining to the relevant period. An annual chain index changes weights for every ye
sposed of, in the course of the accounting period. There is no difference between net and gross changes in fixed livestock.
the inventories disposed of, in the course of the accounting period. Some of these transactions reflect actual purchases and sales, while other are interna
egarded as the purchasers’ prices that would be paid by importers if taking delivery of goods at their own frontier. The c.i.f. price is equal to the f.o.b. price
ht and sold and finance is organised. In Edvinsson, 2005, circulation (code CC) includes wholesale and retail trade, banking, insurance and business serv
ces, often of a base period.
, i.e. to transform current values into a volume values. The volume index is derived by dividing the ratio between nominal values in two different periods (f
owner-occupied dwellings, i.e. of all real estate services except letting of other premises.
s Sweden defines an employed as a person who works at least one hour during the period of measurement. This is a broader definition than the one appli
ents to non-residents.
ch excludes the excess of indirect taxes over subsidies. It also excludes transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
rnment or other communities for their individual or collective needs or wants. In Edvinsson, 2005, divided between private and government final consumpt
for a longer time period, in the 1993 SNA for more than one year, which is also the definition presently applied by Statistics Sweden. However, before ado
animals, etc). Animals raised for slaughter are not included and are classified as belonging to inventories.
ds can be regarded as the purchasers’ prices that would be paid by importers if loaded on their own carrier at the exporter’s frontier. The f.o.b. price is equ
nditures, incurred by general government to satisfy individual or collective needs or wants.
als the sum of GDP and total intermediate consumption.
vity, by expenditure and by income.
mpute GDP directly, as the sum of gross values added of all economic activities. Is normally estimated in basic prices.
of different uses: private final consumption, government final consumption, investment and net export. Is normally estimated in purchasers’ or market price
ages and salaries (including social benefits), operating surplus, mixed income, and consumption of fixed assets of the aggregate economy. In Edvinsson,
erm “gross fixed capital formation”. In the 1993 SNA, defined as the value of acquired fixed assets less the value of disposed fixed assets, plus certain add
ross capital formation”. In the 1993 SNA, defined as the total value of gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories and acquisitions less disposals
um of gross value added and intermediate consumption. For trade the gross output is set equal to the trade margin.
ssets, which does not take into account that the existing stock of fixed assets is also depreciated.
ur income (of both employees and self-employed). The gross surplus includes consumption of fixed assets.
ss value added includes consumption of fixed capital. When the latter is deducted we are left with the net value added.
s less intermediate consumption valued at purchasers’ prices.
, to take into account the difference in the rate of participation of men and women in employment and the fact that this difference mostly can be explained
residents to residents.
of income of self-employed that could be seen as remuneration for worked performed (including social benefits).
rt and communication (code TC), circulation (code CC), and real estate (code RE).
duction process, except for consumption of fixed assets.
onsumption), work in progress, finished goods and goods for resale. They are not part of fixed assets.
ormation”. See gross and net investment.
cial benefits) of employees and imputed labour income of self-employed.
elation to the base period expressed in the quantities of the base period (the latter is mostly located earlier in time). Mathematically, a Laspeyre price inde
ms in the prices of a base period (mostly located earlier in time). Mathematically, a Laspeyre volume index is the weighted arithmetic average of volume re
ment, including transport equipment, that are not acquired by households for final consumption.
mically significant. In the SNA, consists of all activities within the production boundary, except for government services and Non-Profit Institutions Serving
and salaries (including social benefits) for all unincorporated enterprises owned by households. It contains an element of remuneration for worked perform
gate consumption of fixed assets.
described as a positive net import.
ribed as a positive net export.
bour income (of both employees and self-employed).
itten down replacement costs, i.e. after the cumulative consumption of fixed assets of the existing stock is deducted.
of fixed assets, or as the net value added less labour income.
xed assets, or as gross output less intermediate consumption and consumption of fixed assets.
utions that are not predominantly financed or controlled by government and that provide goods and services to households free or at prices that are econo
located later in time) in relation to a based period expressed in the quantities of the compared period. Mathematically a Paasche price index is the weigh
ms in the prices of the compared period (mostly located later in time) and not the base period. Mathematically, a Paasche volume index is the weighted har
ssets (and consumption of fixed assets) implying that its value is estimated indirectly from investments in preceding years.
ense, price can be distinguished from value; in that value does not depend on how many units it refers to.
rlier period. Price indices can also be constructed in different ways, depending on how the individual prices are weighted.
me item in an earlier period. It can also refer to the ratio of the price of an item in one country to the price of the same item in another country.
nd NPISHs. The term is no longer used in the 1993 SNA, but is used in Edvinsson, 2005.
ISHs. In Edvinsson, 2005, consists of all types of activities within the production boundary of official national accounts except for government services.
es that fall within the production boundary. In the 1993 SNA, consist of fixed assets, inventories and valuables. In Edvinsson, 2005, produced assets only
those not included in production.
n Edvinsson, 2005, mostly refers to labour productivity, or the volume value added per employed or per hour worked.
put, which includes the excess of indirect taxes over subsidies and transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
s of different variables, of which some variables are only given in basic prices by the sources.
s, but also of the use of owner-occupied dwellings. In the SNA, real estate is considered a productive activity, but it could also be seen as a consumption
s) per employed or per hour worked deflated by the price index of private final consumption.
d exporting goods in f.o.b. prices. When imported goods are valued in c.i.f. prices, the costs of both domestic and foreign firms for transporting and insurin
ds in f.o.b. prices. When imported goods are valued in f.o.b. prices the costs of foreign firms for transporting and insuring imported goods are reclassified
It does not necessarily correspond to the base period that provides the weights for the index.
tiplying the volume value with the reflator. The reflator equals the deflator and the price index.
ely of the general level of prices.
d towards human individuals, human collectives and social relations. This can be contrasted to activities directed towards the non-human world. Within the
hich he or she works. Especially for earlier times it is difficult to pinpoint who is an employee and who is self-employed, as these two categories are more
production, although some services (such as production of information) can indeed be separated from their production. In Edvinsson, 2005, services are s
ded less labour income. In Edvinsson, 2005, a distinction is made between surplus and profit or surplus value. Surplus refers to the excess that arises from
o be paid by the distributor to replace the sold goods.
aser to transport the purchased goods.
milar term used in the SNA is “industry”, but in Edvinsson, 2005, “type of activities” is preferred because of the different meanings of the term “industry” in
dvinsson, 2005, only the capacity stock is estimated.
n a distinction is made between use value and exchange value, in national accounts a distinction is made between volume value and current value. See a
oods and services after deducting the value of the goods and services used up in production. Can be measured both gross and net.
r employed or per hour worked.
hanges in the quantities of specific goods or services between two periods of time. The weights are often given by the relative prices of a time period, but
alue in an earlier period.
to the construction of a volume index.
economic sense and counted into aggregate production.
ved by their owner through holding it. There are two main types of assets, financial and non-financial. Non-financial assets are either produced or non-prod
but excludes the excess of commodity related indirect taxes over commodity-related subsidies. It also excludes transport charges invoiced separately by t
to which the other data series are adjusted.
y idle or even be withdrawn from production for an indefinite period and held in reserve to meet unexpected rise in demand. See also utilised stock.
n annual chain index changes weights for every year.
actual purchases and sales, while other are internal to the enterprise. There is no difference between net and gross changes in inventories.
n frontier. The c.i.f. price is equal to the f.o.b. price plus the costs of transports and insurances between the customs frontier of the exporting and importing
retail trade, banking, insurance and business services. Real estate (code RE) is in Edvinsson, 2005, presented separately, although renting of real estate
between nominal values in two different periods (for example, years) with the deflator, a procedure termed “deflation”. The deflator equals the price index
ment. This is a broader definition than the one applied by, for example, population censuses. Edvinsson, 2005, also divides up the employed in employees
arately by the producer.
d between private and government final consumption.
applied by Statistics Sweden. However, before adopting 1993 SNA Statistics Sweden sets the time limit to three or more years, which is also the definition
rier at the exporter’s frontier. The f.o.b. price is equal to the c.i.f. price less the costs of transports and insurances between the customs frontier of the exp
s normally estimated in purchasers’ or market prices.
d assets of the aggregate economy. In Edvinsson, 2005, GDP in basic values is decomposed into wages and salaries (including social benefits), imputed
he value of disposed fixed assets, plus certain additions to the value of non-produced assets realised by the productive activity of institutional units.
nges in inventories and acquisitions less disposals of valuables. In the SCB-series after the change to the 1993 SNA acquisitions less disposals of valuab
e fact that this difference mostly can be explained by the existence of so-called “housewives”. For the period 1850-1950, data on the number of ”housewiv
lier in time). Mathematically, a Laspeyre price index is the weighted arithmetic average of price relatives using the values of the base period as weights.
ex is the weighted arithmetic average of volume relatives using the values of the base period as weights.
nment services and Non-Profit Institutions Serving Households.
ins an element of remuneration for worked performed by the owner or other members of the household, which cannot be separated from the remuneration
ices to households free or at prices that are economically insignificant.
Mathematically a Paasche price index is the weighted harmonic average of price relatives using the values of the compared period as weights.
cally, a Paasche volume index is the weighted harmonic average of volume relatives using the values of the compared period as weights.
e of the same item in another country.
ional accounts except for government services.
uables. In Edvinsson, 2005, produced assets only encompass fixed assets and inventories.
ctivity, but it could also be seen as a consumption activity (like the consumption of other durable goods that is viewed as unproductive).
mestic and foreign firms for transporting and insuring those goods between the custom frontier of the exporting and importing country are included. Export
rting and insuring imported goods are reclassified into import of services, which does not change the amount of overall import. The costs of domestic firm
directed towards the non-human world. Within the production boundary of SNA reproductive activities in Edvinsson, 2005, include private reproductive se
self-employed, as these two categories are more appropriate for analysing modern capitalist economies. Statistics Sweden includes unpaid working famil
heir production. In Edvinsson, 2005, services are subdivided between industrial and reproductive services.
value. Surplus refers to the excess that arises from production above the means of subsistence of the direct producers, which is appropriated either by a
of the different meanings of the term “industry” in other contexts.
e between volume value and current value. See also price.
measured both gross and net.
en given by the relative prices of a time period, but it is entirely possible to construct weights that are not based on prices.
on-financial assets are either produced or non-produced.
xcludes transport charges invoiced separately by the producer.
cted rise in demand. See also utilised stock.
et and gross changes in inventories.
the customs frontier of the exporting and importing country. Exported goods are normally not expressed in c.i.f. prices.
resented separately, although renting of real estate on the open market could be seen as a circulation activity.
med “deflation”. The deflator equals the price index.
2005, also divides up the employed in employees and self-employed.
to three or more years, which is also the definition applied in Edvinsson, 2005. There are two types of fixed assets: tangible and intangible fixed assets. I
nsurances between the customs frontier of the exporting and importing country.
s and salaries (including social benefits), imputed labour income of self-employed and gross surplus (the gross surplus here includes non-commodity-rela
y the productive activity of institutional units.
he 1993 SNA acquisitions less disposals of valuables are included in “gross capital formation”, but seem to be excluded in the earlier series, and are, hen
eriod 1850-1950, data on the number of ”housewives” working at home is used in Edvinsson, 2005, which roughly corresponded to the difference between
s using the values of the base period as weights.
which cannot be separated from the remuneration of invested assets. Operating surplus is a similar measure but for all enterprises except unincorporated
ues of the compared period as weights.
of the compared period as weights.
that is viewed as unproductive).
porting and importing country are included. Export of goods are, however, always valued in f.o.b prices, and to keep the balance between total export and
mount of overall import. The costs of domestic firms for transporting and insuring imported goods must then be deducted from both import and export as re
n Edvinsson, 2005, include private reproductive services (code PR) and government services (code GS). Outside the production boundary of SNA, repro
s. Statistics Sweden includes unpaid working family members of the owners into the self-employed (while paid family members are considered employees
direct producers, which is appropriated either by a class of exploiters or by the direct producers themselves, while profit or surplus value is the specific cap
ixed assets: tangible and intangible fixed assets. In Edvinsson, 2005, only tangible assets are considered. Three types of fixed assets are estimated in Ed
e gross surplus here includes non-commodity-related indirect taxes less non-commodity-related subsidies).
m to be excluded in the earlier series, and are, henceforth, not calculated in Edvinsson, 2005.
ch roughly corresponded to the difference between the number of employed men and women. For the period 1950-2000, the number of “housewives” is a
easure but for all enterprises except unincorporated enterprises. In Edvinsson, 2005, an attempt is made to calculate the part of income of self-employed t
and to keep the balance between total export and import, transport and insurance costs of domestic firms for importing and exporting goods are included
hen be deducted from both import and export as recorded on c.i.f./f.o.b. basis.
S). Outside the production boundary of SNA, reproductive activities in Edvinsson, 2005, also include activities performed by “housewives” (HW).
le paid family members are considered employees), which is also the definition applied in Edvinsson, 2005, while in other sources they are counted as em
ves, while profit or surplus value is the specific capitalist form of this surplus.
ed. Three types of fixed assets are estimated in Edvinsson, 2005,: buildings and structures, machinery and equipment (including transport equipment) and
period 1950-2000, the number of “housewives” is assumed to be equivalent to the difference between men and women in employment.
e to calculate the part of income of self-employed that could be seen as remuneration for worked performed.
ms for importing and exporting goods are included in the export of services.
ivities performed by “housewives” (HW).
005, while in other sources they are counted as employees.
and equipment (including transport equipment) and fixed livestock.
en and women in employment.
File name (filnamn): Expansions and recessions in Sweden 1842-2001 (Expansioner och recessioner i Sverige 1842-2001 ) Version
Author (författare): Rodney Edvinsson
Version 1.0
Is based on methods and data presented in Edvinsson, R., 2005: Growth, Accumulation, Crisis: With New Macroeconomic Data for
Updates:
File created 050404
oner och recessioner i Sverige 1842-2001 ) Version 1.0 Last updated (senast uppdaterad): 050404
ulation, Crisis: With New Macroeconomic Data for Sweden . Almqvist & Wiksell International; Stockholm. Online at: http://www.diva-portal.org/su/theses/a
m. Online at: http://www.diva-portal.org/su/theses/abstract.xsql?dbid=378 (050320).