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RED BULL STRATOS FACT SHEET:
FELIX BAUMGARTNER’S ATTEMPT TO REACH SUPERSONIC SPEED
er e am lar hey ualy s t ealy
Supersoni Sound barri M ach 1. The t m s ar f ii ,butwhatdo t act l m ean? I i r l
c. er.
bl or i t ng o eve soni n r al?
possi e f Felx Baum garner– orany hum an bei – t achi super c speed i feef l
s act der i i t s o ie er n ospace
Thi f sheet consi s what Felx m ay experence as he atem pt t wrt a new chapt i aer
st y. l l er i he ssi s el he
hi or W hat chalenges wilhe encount ? How can he accom plsh t m i on goal saf y? How can t
l eadi t he l r os eam hel hi ,and whatdo t hope t l n?
word-l ng expers on t Red Bul Stat t p m hey o ear
c”
W hat does “supersoni m ean?
soni l he d m i o r ast han he
Super c m eans exacty what t wor i ples: t tavelf er t t speed of sound ( i ociy)
acoustc vel t .
ust ast r ? s ex. ch s f ed
So j how f does sound tavel The answeri com pl The speed atwhi sound waves m ove i afect
hei r ng tons: tt tnent o i s ssi em at e.
by t rsur oundi condii by aliude and,m ostperi t Felx’ m i on,by t per ur
e, evel n em at tons
For exam pl at sea l , i t per e condii of about 59 degr Fahr
ees t r s
enhei, sound tavel at around
l .
760 m ies per hour Butathigher aliudes,wher t ai i col ,sound tavel m or sl y.Att aliude
tt e he r s der r s e owl he tt
e t s i pat hat i t d eak he
wher i i antci ed t Felx Baum garner coul br t sound bar i ( 000 eet
rer about 100, f above sea
evel,
l ) on a “st d” r s
andar day sound tavel atal ost690 m ies per hour (hats r
m l y 000 eet
t ’ oughl 1, f per second) .
n andar condii Felx wilneed t atai a vel t of690 m ies per hour t m at t speed of
Thus,i “st d” tons, i l o tn ociy l o ch he
f i hr he rer o he
sound, known as M ach 1. I he contnues and passes t ough t sound bar i t exceed t speed of
M l soni
sound/ ach 1,he’lbe super c.
s here a genui sound “barri
It ne er”?
r af e f
As aicr tbecam e m or poweruland switi t m i wentet cent y and began t appr
f n he d-t i h ur o he
oach t speed of
st bi r r af d y r,
sound,a di ur ng phenom enon occur ed.Som e aicr twoul suddenl veer nose down,outofcontol and
um o he ound, whie ot s i
pl m et t t gr l her nexplcabl br up i t sky. Piot f
i y oke n he hat hei r af
l s ound t t r aicr t wer e
i ect o ol ng,
som etm es subj t vi ent shaki and t r contol wer subj t r sed r
hei rs e ect o ever esponse or becam e
m e. he i
i m ovabl Att tm e,som e r esear s f ed t t e m i be a ki ofphysi obstucton pr
cher ear hat her ght nd cal r i i
eventng
ect r t ni he rer
obj s fom atai ng M ach 1,and t conceptofa “sound bar i ” was born.
t he i a r ’ lght n ocket opeled X-1 r
Today, wih t beneft of dat fom Chuck Yeagers fi i a r -pr l ch r af fr o
esear aicr t (ist t
br he rer n esuli
eak t sound bar i , i 1947) and r tng pr ess i t desi of super c aicr t fom t
ogr n he gn soni r af r he
nt veni x hat her s ier rer he r ton o soni
i er ng si decades, we know t t e i no lt al“bar i ”; but t tansii t super c speeds i s
r t ds hel aly or ng n r al. i or ve) n he ange of
faught wih hazar nonet ess, especi l f a hum an bei i feef l Flght ( skydi i t r
ch he rer
speeds atwhi t “bar i ” was t houghtt exi – t t
o st he ransoni speed r
c n esul n
ange – can i som e cases r ti
r nst lt he
extem e i abiiy,and t Red Bul Stat t
l r os eam i puti i ense f
s tng nt i ng i el hr
ocus on brngi Felx saf y t ough t he
r c ange.
tansoni r
s he r c
W hat i t t ansoni speed range?
e s n ci et ri , l r r c t ange
W hen we ar passenger i a com m er al j ailner we usualy tavel at tansoni speeds (he r
appr ng soni . ect ng
oachi super c) An obj m ovi at tansoni speed i pr
r c ng api y hat r
s oceedi so r dl t ai, hur yi r ng
ar he ect eaches t speed ofsound i som e pl
ound t obj ,r he n esuli n hat s, y upt
aces,r tng i shock waves – t i ver abr
n r essur densiy,vel t and t per ur I you ar sitng overt wi and t sun i att
changes i ai pr e, t ociy em at e. f e ti he ng he s he
i e, i t he ng, ch s ef l
rght angl you can som etm es see a shock wave or is shadow dance on t wi whi i car uly
gned so t t shock wave does notcr e dr ori abiiy.
desi hat he eat ag nst lt
s
The hum an body i not desi or r c lght he
gned f tansoni fi , and t shock waves pr n
oduced by a hum an body i
r al l s esuls n he ental or ous ds
feef lm ay notbe so wel behaved.Thi r t i t pot i f num er hazar such as:
ut er. r i r l e br i esul r r i rl
Fl t Extem e and som etm es uncontolabl vi aton can r tfom er atc aifow.
or i eaty t s he
Ai pressure ef ect The f m aton and m ovem ent of shock waves gr l aler t way ai
r f s. r
pr e s ect or
essur act on an obj ( body) I cerai aicr t not onl have fexi e pars been known t
. n t n r af, y l bl t o
or i latons, but hi pr
m ove about and/ experence oscil i es t he r af
gh essur on pars of t aicr t have been
o ocalzed t , ver i t fi t o ton s m
known t cause l i dam age. Furher a skydi m ay fnd i difcul t posii hi ar s and
egs o r s r ect y.
l t contolhi taj or
gh c
I abiiy. Even at hi subsoni speeds (he r
nst lt t ange sl ower than tansoni , t e ar known
r c) her e
nst ltes hat ver o er ous ns ch e fi t o
i abiii t cause skydi s t ent danger spi whi ar difcul t contol At tansoni r. r c
speeds t nst ltes e e,
hese i abiii m ay becom e m or sever com pl and er atc,changi as t skydi ’
ex r i ng he vers
speed changes.
l r os cal r or han ar
Red Bul Stat M edi Diect Jonat Cl k, who has r esear ous ospace di er not
ched num er aer sast s, es,
ggest concer i t we don’ know how a hum an unencum ber by aicr t i goi t tansii
“Our bi n s hat t ed r af s ng o r ton
hr hi ts so
t ough t s.Buti’ al exacty whatwe’e hopi t l n,f t beneftoff ur space fi s.
l r ng o ear or he i ut e lght ”
s he nt i
W hat i t shock-shock i eracton?
tcul nt est n derng he ds t r c soni lght s he
Ofpari ar i er i consi i t hazar ofan atem ptattansoni and super c fi i t “shock-
nt acton, ton n ch lde eat eacton i osi s
shock i er i ” a condii i whi shock waves coli and cr e a r i not unlke an expl on’
ast An e he f s he nt acton s he l ed
bl wave. ( exam pl of t efect of t shock-shock i er i i t wel-docum ent case of an SR-
71 Bl r r af hat r caly oke d-ai n
ackbid aicr tt tagi l br up m i ri 1966. )
nar
Ei Enevol ght l ecor i
dson, who set ei word r ds durng hi own car as a r
s eer ch l s he
esear piot and i now t Red
l r os ssi yst et sor es, i y s s o er ne est
Bul Stat M i on Anal and Saf y Advi , not “One of our prm ar goal i t det m i a t and
et an hat l ect i o he f s r
saf y pl t wilnot subj Felx t t efect of extem e pr es em at es, l esul n
essur or t per ur yet wilr t i a
y uabl ep owar edi i he act
ver val e st t d pr ctng t char eroft f s n ut e gherand f erj ps.
hese efect i f ur hi ast um ”
e he tons n he r osphere?
W hat ar t condii i t st at
tons n he
Condii i t upper stat e e hi t ie. i eps f he
r ospher ar not ng shor of hostl W hen Felx st of t capsul t e, he
em at e l i y
t per ur willkel be ar ees
ound -10 degr Fahr enhei,and i wilgeteven col durng t fr par ofhi
t t l der i he ist t s
as r he t
descent ( he m oves away fom t sun but hasn’ yet r eached t i aton of t l
he nsul i m e)
he ower at ospher .
at es ees e e
Tem per ur of -40 degr F. or m or ar possi e durng t super c pori of Felx’ fi (
bl i he soni ton i s lght not
ncl ng nd l” act s hat d t eel der. rgi em at es
i udi “wi chil f or t coul m ake i f even col ) Such fi d t per ur can be danger ous
y or i so or he unctonalt s pm . For e, t he
not onl f Felx, but al f t f i iy of hi equi ent ( exam pl afer t SR-71 Bl r
ackbid
sast he l ,
di er of 1966, t piot who sur ved t
vi hanks t hi pr
o s essur sui and aut atc par
e t om i e, epored hat
achut r t t
i dn’ s sor ced
durng descenthe coul tsee because hi vi i over) .
t ,
Furher atar 000 eet
ound 100, f above sea l ,wher Felx i expect t r
evel e i s he r y
ed o each M ach 1, t ai has onl 1
per one edt he t
cent( one-hundr h)oft densiy we’e used t her on t gr
r o e hi he m
he ound.The t nness oft at ospher e
l esent m uli e chalenges. Fist t e i vit l no oxygen t br he, and second, i a piot i not
wil pr tpl l r , her s rualy o eat f l s
fci l ot ed, he ow r essur ( oxi at y . psi at j p aliude)can r t i a num ber of
sufi enty pr ect t l ai pr e appr m el 62 a um tt esul n
tt el ed adi ncl ng lsm ” Ebuli s nf entaly et ton n ch
aliude-r at m al es, i udi “ebuli . ( lsm i a pai uland pot i l l halcondii i whi
l d n he i ur o ts e
fui i t tssues t ns t gas – i’ what peopl m ean when t say t bl “bois” at aliudes ar
hey hat ood l tt ound
000 eet
63, f and above. )
n egar o tavi et adi i s e han
I r d t ulr ol r aton: UVB i m or t 100, 000 tm es stonger at Felx’ j p aliude t at
i r i s um tt han
gr evel nce
ound l .Butsi he wilqui y r
l ckl each t ozone l ,wher t UV i m osty bl
he ayer e he s hi l
l ocked,t s wilnotbe a
gnii
si fcanthazard.
i ner ace her
Does Felx Baum gart f ot hazards?
tonal ds ncl
Addii hazar i ude:
i he eat ds i aces i t pot i f obj s descendi
Spi ng: As m entoned above,one oft gr esthazar Felx f
nni s he ental or ect ng
n o n r l y. ti , n ssi or s ecor eaki
i a near vacuum t spi uncontolabl Joe Kitnger i a m i on bef e he m ade hi r d-br ng
si I um l led
Excel orIIj p,was neary kil when a parachut depl
e em ur y, ng m o n rl y
oyed pr at el causi hi t spi uncontolabl
and r i m ous.
enderng hi unconsci
Supersoni speed: Tr
c c f s l si nt he ow soni
ansoni efect wilper st i o t l super c speed r hat he ssi eam
ange t t m i on t
i l each; so even when he exceeds M ach 1, he wilstl need t adapt hi contolt
hopes Felx wilr l il o s que
r echni as
s abiiy r l lt l i o er es n he ow
speed changes.Hi st lt and contolabiiy wilcontnue t change as he accel at i t l super c soni
speed r upty er ow
ange,butnotso abr l as he m ay encount bel M ach 1.
rl ypi l hes, i t el l ake e
Excessi speed: Once at M ach 1, aifow t caly sm oot but Felx can’ r ax. The piot m ust t car
ve
o nadverenty accel at t a vel t t gr t contol “For saf y r
not t i t l er e o ociy oo eat o r. d obabl not
et easons, we woul pr y
i o 12 he
wantFelx t exceed M ach 1. on t way down – we cerai y don’ wanthi t exceed M ach 1. ” says Ar
t nl t m o 2, t
he ssi s echni pr ectdiect .
Thom pson,t m i on’ t cal oj r or
l ect i ner r l hese hazards?
W hat w ilprot Felx Baum gart f om al of t
r egi ncl
Stat es i ude:
Graduat des
ed, m uli age t program : Besi wor ng i wi t
t-st est ki n nd unnel and l s ow-pressur e
s, i l um n s essur sui fom successi y hi
cham ber Felx wilj p i hi pr e tr vel gher out tt l ng m
dooraliudes,alowi hi
yst he ssi eam t assess t efectoft sur oundi condii – and hi body’
and anal s on t m i on t o he f he r ng tons s s
eactons o y ust
r i – t m ake necessar adj m ent s.
Choreographed st he ist o s lght he hi r l f
ep-of : For t fr 25 t 30 seconds of hi fi , t t n ai wilofer Felx so
f i
ite esi ance t he wil not be abl t adj hi posii usi ai fow. Thi m eans he m ust
ltl r st hat l e o ust s ton ng r l s
eogr s s o ep f he en i ton,
“chor aph” hi m ovem ent t st of t capsul i an optm alposii an endeavorcom plcat i ed
s ky ul-pr e t he act hat he e s i i dl o he l
by hi bul f l essur sui and by t f t t capsul i not fxed rgi y t t baloon and
hus
t can r o s i t
eactt hi m oton.Par ofFelx’ tai ng i dedi ed t honi t s “chor aphy.
i s r ni s cat o ng hi eogr ”
m : i s ul-pr
Ful-pressure sui and hel et Felx’ f l essur (
l t e “space”) sui and hel et ar desi
t m e gned t o
ovi ot i r he r d, so tn i diy
pr de oxygen,pr ecton fom t extem e col and al a cerai am ountofrgi t and suppor i tn
he entaly fi t r
t pot i l difcul tansoni r c ange as he appr he s at -t
oaches t speed of sound. Thi st e-of he-ar t
ncor at eat es o f d i
gear i por es added f ur t afor Felx advant ot i
ages – hence pr ecton – never bef e or
l e.
avaiabl
e: t t al ogue” par
Drogue parachut Alhough he m ay not need i, a speci “dr e
achut was devel oped and
est l l e o abii
t ed, and wilbe avaiabl t st lze Felx i necessar – even at super c speed. ( lng hi
i f y soni Puli s
n achut t eary coul have die consequences t t speci i dr
m ai par e oo l d r hat he es
alzed ogue chut i desi gned
o t)
t aver.
ar s, r i s hat he gh tt he r l arfed,
Jon Cl k com m ent “W hat we’e countng on i t at t hi aliude t ai wil be r ii so shock
t he rm al
waves won’ have t sam e deti ent , concussi efect as t woul down l But uli at y, t s
ve f hey d ow. tm el hi
ssi s est lght l ot e t war han l or
m i on i a t fi ,so we’lknow a l m or afer d t we’lknow bef ehand. ”
ven he ack si s t l bl or ng o eak he
Gi t l of m an-m ade propul on, i i realy possi e f a hum an bei t br t speed of
n reef l
sound i f al?
l uly et soni r al, her s o tn
W hie,because no one has ever successf l com pl ed a super c feef l t e i no way t be cerai of
l r os eam m em ber agr t t pr ect aliude f Felx’ j p i a key f or i
success, Red Bul Stat t s ee hat he oj ed tt or i s um s act n
evi ssi s. n act he
achi ng m i on goal I f , t sam e t n at ospher t pr
hi m s ol cal ds
e hat esent so m any physi ogi hazar can
so i is l t o ng soni
al be Felx Felx’ aly when i com es t goi super c.
t i l
Alhough Felx wil be above 99 per t s m
cent of Earh’ at ospher when st
e f r he
eps of fom t capsul ate
oxi el 000 eet evel t st hat s si t s aviatonal l
appr m at y 120, f above sea l ,he won’ be so di antt he’ out de Earh’ gr t i pul.
n act he l t s aviy l y
I f ,t pul ofEarh’ gr t wilbe onl about1 per ess han he ound.Thatm eans he’lhave
centl t on t gr l
he i :
t beneftof
t i l i t i he ghtess l i r
Graviatonal pul: Felx won’ experence t wei l foatng of astonaut i space. The
s n
nut eps f he e, aviy l lng m el l y, r ever bl owar he
m i e he st of t capsul gr t wilbe puli hi r entessl ir si y t d t
gr api at
ound ata r d r e.
hi he m e l esent a near
Li ied resi ance: The t nness of t at ospher wil pr
m t st -vacuum at t
he
nni s .
begi ng of hi descent The ai wilpr
r l esent al ost no r st
m hus i m o te
esi ance, t enablng hi t hurl
d
downwar at a m uch hi han r tonal skydi s i our “t ck” l
gher speed t tadii ver n m
hi ower at ospher e,
ts i tng he f r c soni
and – i i hoped – lm ii t efectofshock waves attansoni and super c speed.
t , he l r os ssi t e ki t i o s r r egi
Furher t Red Bul Stat m i on expers ar wor ng wih Felx t m anage hi body contolstat es.He
m ust pr nni l
event spi ng whie at t sam e tm e m ai ai ng a good body posii f l dr He m ay fnd i
he i nt ni ton or ow ag. i t
fi t o r he latons
difcul t contolt oscil i ofhi ar s or l i m ovi shock waves i er adver y wih hi nor al
s m egs f ng nt act sel t s m
om
neur uscul rar esponses.
f cul i e r , f i s ul n s t
I cal atons ar cor ect and i Felx i successf i hi atem pt t contolhi posii he wilaccel at
s o r s ton, l er e
r
fom a st il o
andstl t M ach 1 super c – t ’ fom 0 t r
soni hats r y gi em at e tons) l
o oughl ( ven t per ur condii 690 m ies per
n oughl 35 seconds.The l h oft super c pori oft fi wilt depend on whet i
hour – i r y engt he soni ton he lght l hen her t
s y o oy he ogue par
i necessar t depl t dr achut f st lzaton, whi woul cause a cerai am ount of
e or abii i ch d tn
er i
decel aton.
l i ner ence?
W hat w ilFelx Baum gart experi
ss he ie
Thi i whatt entr Red Bul Stat t
l r os eam i eager t l n and shar wih t sci ii com m uniy – dat
s o ear e t he entfc t a
hats or l e hat d
t ’ neverbef e been avaiabl and t coul have a si fcanti pacton aer
gnii m et s.
ospace saf y advancem ent
l hat i ner rul he
How w ilw e know t Felx Baum gart t y exceeded t speed of sound?
em
A GPS syst and dat l ncor at n i s l ur ecor is
a ogger i por ed i Felx’ chestpack wilcapt e and r d Felx’ speed.Then,
he i di o
because t speed of sound vares accor ng t condii tons, t sci
he ence t l der he evaii
eam wil consi t pr lng
em at e he tt ur he e nstum aton, er ne her i ualy
t per ur at t aliude,as capt ed by t capsul i r ent i and det m i whet Felx act l
achi soni ts hi o e he r l ” epors nar
eved super c speed. “I’ not an easy t ng t m easur t speed diecty, r t Ei Enevol dson,
l r os ssi yst et sor ts t nl
Red Bul Stat M i on Anal and Saf y Advi .“I’ cerai y one oft t cal l i ng
he echni chalenges.By dervi
he r he og i he em at e he m e, l
t speed fom t GPS l and m easurng t t per ur of t at ospher we’lknow whet he went her
soni ”
super c.
des ysi ed he l r os ssi t t s i pat hat he ssi
Besi anal s conduct by t Red Bul Stat m i on expers, i i antci ed t t m i on speed
a l so ed t im hort i i nt natonal gani i
dat wilal be shar wih and confr ed by aut iatve natonaland i er i or zatons.
earned f om a supersoni f eef l
W hat can be l r c r al?
i s, f
Felx com m ent “The efect on t hum an body of t tansii fom subsoni t ough tansoni t
he he r ton r c hr r c o
soni ociy n e ” i s s ust he hi
super c vel t and back agai ar not known, and contnues, “Thi i j one of t t ngs we hope t o
ear ng he gger pi ur i’ cl t we have a uni opporuniy t suppor sci
l n. Looki at t bi ct e, ts ear hat que t t o n
t ence i a very
fc i d. t l bl o i
specii fel M aybe one day i wilbe possi e t brng astonaut hom e saf y fom space i t r equi ent
r s el r f hei pm
f i ”
m alunctons.
nar
Ei Enevol m f ght ecor
dson, who hi sel has set ei r ds as a r ch l , es hat f i um
esear piot not t i Felx j ped fom an r
tt y l gher t hi pl
aliude onl abouta m ie hi han s anned 120, f ,t condii woul f ce hi t super c
000 eet he tons d or m o soni
f dn’ t n r i ton. i patng hat ut e at s
speed even i he di tatai a steam lned body posii Antci i t f ur avi or and astonaut m ayr s
o l ace neviabl ociy, nar ei or he o ear
need t bai out and f such i t e vel t Ei r nf ces t need t l n about body contoland r
tons. at or n n he
body posii He st es,“A m aj concer i t pasthas been t t he o n
he endency oft hum an body t spi out
r ous tt ch
ofcontolatdanger aliudes,whi can r ti f altes even bel super c speed.Thi i one oft
esul n at ii ow soni ss he
n poses oft Red Bul Stat m i on:by usi dif entt
m ai pur he l r os ssi ng fer echni hi s
ques atwhatwe t nk i a m anageabl e
tt o ear ot e
aliude, we hope t l n a l m or about contol of t body and especi l how t deal wih spi ng
r he aly o t nni
t es.
endenci ”
n s ol l r os cal r or ar s o yze i s ol cal esponses.
I hi r e as Red Bul Stat M edi Diect , Jon Cl k i eager t anal Felx’ physi ogi r
l ecor ng ol cal a or udy t war ” t l udyi
“W e’lbe r di physi ogi dat f st afer d, Jon assers. “W e’lbe st ng what happens t o
he t at l ear eat
t hear r e,we’ll n a gr dealfom t GPS and t aliude pr
r he he tt e s, se l
essur sensor and ofcour we’lbe
i he cal i i hat i epors o ”
docum entng t physi descrptons t Felx r t t us.
r o i pat soni ealy t
He adds,“W e ty t antci e as m uch as we can aboutsuper c speed,butwe r l don’ know,because
hi or he ed.
nobody has done t s bef e.W e expectt unexpect ”
-r m ol, deos and addii pr m at i s t oughoutt pr ect pl
Forhi es i ages,B-r l web vi tonal ess eral hr si:
he oj , ease vi t
r l r os.
www.edbulstat com / oom
newsr .
###
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